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A1 noun #3,545 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

討論

tōron رتبه 3,545

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 討論 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 討論 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 討論 (tōron) means 'discussion' or 'talk' in a formal way. Think of it as a word you might see in a textbook or hear in a classroom. Even though it is a complex word, you can use it simply with suru (to do). For example, 'Kurasu de tōron shimashō' (Let's have a discussion in class). At this stage, don't worry about the deep nuance; just recognize it as a 'big word' for talking about a specific topic. You will mostly see it in the context of school or news. It's a noun that behaves like a verb when you add 'suru'. Just remember: 討論 = Formal Talk.

At the A2 level, you should begin to distinguish 討論 from hanashiai (casual discussion). You might use it to describe a specific activity in your Japanese class. You should be able to use basic particles with it, such as 'tōron ni sanka suru' (participate in a discussion) or 'tōron o kiku' (listen to a debate). You will also start seeing it in simple news articles. Understanding that this word is for 'structured' talking is key. If you are at a meeting and people are arguing logically, that is a 'tōron'. If they are just chatting about their day, it is not. Try to use it when you are talking about serious topics like the environment or school rules.

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By B1, you should understand the kanji components: 討 (investigate) and 論 (logic/argument). This helps you realize that a 'tōron' is about analyzing an issue. You should be able to use modifiers like 'kappatsu-na' (lively) or 'hageshii' (intense). You might encounter 'tōron-kai' (a debate meeting/forum). At this level, you should be comfortable using the word in a business setting to describe a formal session where different strategies are weighed. You should also be able to explain the difference between 'tōron' and 'sōdan' (consultation) in Japanese. It's about the exchange of differing opinions to reach a deeper understanding.

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At the B2 level, you can use 討論 in complex sentence structures, such as 'tōron o kasaneu' (to have repeated discussions) or 'tōron no sue' (after much debate). You should understand its role in Japanese media and politics. You will recognize that 'tōron' is a standard part of the 'zemi' (seminar) culture in Japanese universities. You should be able to participate in a 'tōron' yourself, using logical connectors like 'tashika ni... shikashi' (certainly... but). You understand that 'tōron' is more than just talking; it is a tool for critical thinking and objective analysis. You can also distinguish it from 'ronsō' (public controversy).

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At the C1 level, you have a nuanced grasp of 討論 and its synonyms like shingi (deliberation) or kyōgi (formal consultation). You can use the word to describe high-level philosophical or legislative processes. You understand the cultural implications of 'tōron' in Japan—how it balances with the traditional 'wa' (harmony). You can follow fast-paced 'tōron' programs on TV where multiple experts speak at once. You are also aware of the historical development of 'tōron' as a concept in Japan, especially how it was influenced by Western debate styles during the Meiji era. You can use it metaphorically or in very specific academic contexts.

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At the C2 level, 討論 is a tool you use with total precision. You understand the subtle shift in meaning when it is used in a legal brief versus a literary critique. You can lead a 'tōron' yourself, acting as a moderator who ensures logical consistency and fair exchange. You are familiar with the specific terminology used within a 'tōron', such as 'hanron' (rebuttal) or 'risshō' (proof). You can analyze the rhetoric used in public 'tōron' and critique the logical fallacies. For you, 'tōron' is not just a vocabulary word, but a fundamental part of the intellectual landscape in which you operate fluently.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

討論 در ۳۰ ثانیه

討論 (tōron) means formal discussion or debate, used primarily in academic, political, and professional settings.
It is a 'suru-verb' noun, meaning it can be used as a noun or an action (討論する).
Unlike casual 'hanashiai', it implies a structured exchange of logical arguments and differing viewpoints.
Commonly paired with words like 'kappatsu' (lively) and 'hageshii' (intense) to describe the nature of the talk.

The Japanese word 討論 (とうろん - tōron) is a sophisticated noun that translates primarily to 'discussion' or 'debate' in English. However, its usage is far more specific than the general English word 'discussion.' In Japanese, 討論 carries a heavy weight of formality and structured exchange. It is not the word you would use for a casual chat with a friend over coffee; rather, it is the term of choice for academic symposiums, political debates, and formal business sessions where opposing viewpoints are presented and scrutinized. The first kanji, 討 (とう), means to investigate, study, or even 'attack' in a conceptual sense, implying a deep dive into a subject. The second kanji, 論 (ろん), refers to a theory, logic, or argument. Together, they describe a process of 'attacking an argument' or 'investigating a theory' through verbal exchange.

Formal Context: Used in news broadcasts to describe parliamentary sessions where laws are debated with rigor.
Academic Context: Used in universities when students or professors engage in a structured critique of a research paper or a philosophical concept.
Business Context: Used when a company board must weigh the pros and cons of a major merger or a new product launch.

この問題について、クラスで討論しましょう。(Kono mondai ni tsuite, kurasu de tōron shimashō.)

In Japanese culture, which often values 'wa' (harmony) and consensus-building, a 'tōron' can sometimes feel more confrontational than standard communication. However, in modern professional and educational settings, the ability to engage in 'tōron' is highly valued as a means to achieve objective truth or the best possible strategy. You will frequently see this word in headlines regarding international relations, climate change policy, or social issues. It implies that the speakers are not just talking, but are actively analyzing and evaluating the merits of different positions.

テレビで政治家の討論番組を見た。(Terebi de seijika no tōron bangumi o mita.)

Debate Style: It often involves a moderator and specific time limits for each speaker, similar to a Western forensic debate.
Outcome Focus: The goal is often to reach a conclusion or to clarify the points of disagreement between two parties.

激しい討論の末、結論が出た。(Hageshii tōron no sue, ketsuron ga deta.)

Understanding the nuance of 討論 helps learners distinguish between 'chatting' (おしゃべり), 'consulting' (相談), and 'debating' (討論). While 'hanashiai' is the most common and safe word for any group talk, 'tōron' signifies a higher level of intellectual engagement and structure. In a 'tōron', you are expected to provide evidence, logic, and clear reasoning for your stance. It is a word that commands respect for the process of intellectual discovery through dialogue.

Using 討論 correctly requires understanding its grammatical behavior as a 'suru-verb' noun. This means it can function as a standalone noun or be combined with 'suru' to become an action. When used as a noun, it is frequently the object of verbs like 'okonau' (to conduct), 'sanka suru' (to participate in), or 'kiku' (to listen to). When used as a verb, 'tōron suru' means 'to debate' or 'to discuss formally.'

As a Noun with 'Okonau': 大学で環境問題についての討論が行われた。(A discussion about environmental issues was held at the university.)
As a Verb with 'Suru': 私たちは新しい計画について討論した。(We debated the new plan.)

One of the most common modifiers for 討論 is 'hageshii' (intense/fierce). Because a debate involves differing opinions, it often becomes heated. Phrases like 'hageshii tōron' (a heated debate) are very common in journalism. Another common modifier is 'kappatsu-na' (lively/active). A 'kappatsu-na tōron' is a positive thing in a classroom or a meeting, suggesting everyone is participating and sharing ideas.

会議では討論が活発に行われました。(Discussion was carried out actively in the meeting.)

You will also see 討論 paired with specific types of events. A 'tōron-kai' is a debate meeting or a forum. A 'panel tōron' is a panel discussion. In these cases, the word defines the format of the event itself.

明日の討論会には、専門家が四人出席します。(Four experts will attend tomorrow's debate forum.)

Subject Marker: Use 'ga' to indicate the discussion itself is doing something, e.g., '討論が長引いた' (The discussion dragged on).
Target Marker: Use 'ni' to indicate what you are participating in, e.g., '討論に参加する' (To participate in a debate).

彼は討論のプロです。(He is a professional at debating.)

In summary, 'tōron' is a versatile tool for describing high-level communication. Whether you are describing a classroom activity or a national crisis, this word provides the necessary weight and clarity to indicate that serious, logical exchange is taking place. It bridges the gap between simple conversation and formal academic inquiry.

If you turn on the NHK evening news or open a Japanese newspaper like the Asahi Shimbun, you will encounter 討論 almost daily. It is the standard term used to describe the interactions between political parties in the Diet (Japan's parliament). When the Prime Minister and the leaders of the opposition parties exchange views on the budget or national security, the media describes this as a 'tōron.'

Television: Sunday morning talk shows often feature 'tōron' segments where pundits and politicians argue about current events.
Podcasts/YouTube: Educational channels that host 'deep dives' into history or science will often use 'tōron' to describe their roundtable discussions.

国会で予算案に関する討論が始まりました。(Debate concerning the budget bill has begun in the Diet.)

In the educational system, 'tōron' is a key part of university life. Seminars (zemi) are built around the concept of 'tōron.' Students present their findings, and then the rest of the group engages in a 'tōron' to test the validity of the research. This is where many Japanese students first learn to use the word in a practical, everyday (though still formal) setting.

ゼミの時間に、新しい経済理論について討論した。(During the seminar, we debated a new economic theory.)

In the corporate world, 'tōron' is used during strategic planning. It implies a level of depth beyond a simple 'kaigi' (meeting). If a manager says, 'Let's have a tōron on this,' they are inviting employees to challenge the current ideas and bring forth new evidence. It signifies a space where the best idea wins, rather than just following the hierarchy.

Radio: Late-night radio often features 'tōron' between writers and philosophers on abstract topics like 'the meaning of happiness.'
Legal: In courtrooms, the exchange of arguments between the prosecution and defense is a form of 'tōron.'

その番組は、若者の将来についての討論を放送した。(The program broadcasted a discussion about the future of young people.)

Finally, in international contexts, such as the UN or G7 summits, the official Japanese translations will always use 'tōron' to refer to the formal deliberations. It is a word that signifies the global standard of diplomatic and intellectual exchange. By recognizing 'tōron', you are tapping into the more serious, analytical side of Japanese society.

The most frequent mistake learners make with 討論 is overusing it in casual situations. Because English speakers use 'discussion' for almost everything, they tend to translate 'discussion' directly to '討論.' However, using '討論' when you just want to talk about where to go for dinner sounds incredibly strange and overly dramatic to a native Japanese speaker. It would be like saying in English, 'Let us convene a formal debate regarding our evening meal options.'

Mistake 1: Casual Overuse: Using '討論' for family talks or hanging out with friends. Use '話し合い' (hanashiai) or 'おしゃべり' (oshaberi) instead.
Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Giron' (議論): While similar, 'giron' is more about the act of arguing a point, while 'tōron' often implies a structured event or a specific forum.

✖ 友達と週末の予定を討論した。(Incorrect: Debated weekend plans with friends.)
〇友達と週末の予定を話し合った。(Correct: Discussed weekend plans with friends.)

Another mistake is using the wrong particles. Some learners use 'to' (with) when they should use 'ni' (in/at). While you can 'tōron suru' *with* someone (A-san to tōron suru), if you are talking about participating in the event, you must use 'ni' (tōron-kai ni sanka suru).

✖ 討論を参加しました。(Incorrect particle usage.)
〇討論に参加しました。(Correct: Participated in the discussion.)

Mistake 3: Misunderstanding 'Wa': Thinking 'tōron' is always negative or angry. While 'hageshii' (fierce) is common, a 'tōron' can be very polite and intellectually stimulating without any personal animosity.

✖ 討論の話し合い。(Redundant: The discussion's talk.)
〇討論のテーマ。(Correct: The theme of the debate.)

Lastly, avoid using 'tōron' when you mean 'sōdan' (consultation/advice). If you are asking your boss for advice on how to handle a client, that is 'sōdan.' If you are both arguing about the best marketing strategy for that client, that could be a 'tōron.' Knowing the difference between 'seeking help' and 'exchanging arguments' is key to using 'tōron' effectively in a Japanese work environment.

Understanding 討論 requires comparing it to its synonyms, as Japanese has many words for 'talking together.' The most common alternative is 話し合い (hanashiai). This is the 'all-purpose' word. It implies people sitting down to reach an agreement or simply share thoughts. It is softer and much more common in daily life.

討論 vs 話し合い: '討論' is a formal debate with logic; '話し合い' is a general discussion focused on consensus.
討論 vs 議論 (giron): '討論' is often a specific event/forum; '議論' is the act of arguing or the argument itself, often more abstract or ongoing.

科学者の間で議論が続いている。(Arguments/Discussions are continuing among scientists.)

Another word is 論争 (ronsō). This word translates to 'controversy' or 'dispute.' It is much more aggressive than 'tōron.' While a 'tōron' can be a constructive classroom activity, a 'ronsō' usually involves two sides who strongly disagree and are trying to prove the other wrong in a public or historical context (e.g., 'The Great Evolution Controversy').

歴史的な論争に決着がついた。(The historical dispute was settled.)

討論 vs 対談 (taidan): '対談' is a one-on-one conversation, often an interview or a 'talk' between two famous people for a magazine.
討論 vs 審議 (shingi): '審議' is specifically for 'deliberation' in a legal or official capacity, such as a jury or a committee reviewing a bill.

二人の作家による対談記事を読んだ。(I read a dialogue article between two authors.)

Finally, there is 協議 (kyōgi), which means 'conference' or 'consultation' with the intent of reaching a formal agreement or decision. It is used in diplomatic and legal contexts. By mastering these distinctions, you can navigate Japanese social and professional situations with precision. Choosing 'tōron' shows that you recognize the structured, logical nature of the conversation at hand.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

During the Edo period, 'tōron' was often used in Buddhist schools to describe monks debating scripture. It was later adapted for modern parliamentary use in the 19th century.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK təʊ.rɒn

US toʊ.rɑːn

In Japanese, it has a flat pitch accent (Heiban), meaning the pitch stays relatively steady.

هم‌قافیه با

こうろん (kōron - public opinion) ほうろん (hōron - sermon) りろん (riron - theory) よろん (yoron - public sentiment) ぎろん (giron - discussion) けろん (keron - final argument) しょろん (shoron - various theories) だろん (daron - valid argument)

خطاهای رایج

Shortening the long 'ō' to a short 'o' (sounds like 'toron').
Pronouncing the 'n' as a 'm' (ton-rom).
Adding a vowel sound after the final 'n' (tō-ro-nu).
Misplacing the pitch accent on the first syllable.
Confusing the 'r' sound with a hard English 'L'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The kanji are common in N3/N2 levels but the concept is easy to grasp.

نوشتن 4/5

Writing 'ron' (論) requires practice with the 'speech' radical.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Easy to pronounce if you remember the long 'o'.

گوش دادن 2/5

Clear and distinct word in formal speech.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

話す会議意見言う考える

بعداً یاد بگیرید

議論論理反対賛成結論

پیشرفته

弁証法紛糾形骸化パラダイム応酬

گرامر لازم

Suru-verbs

討論する (To debate)

~について (About)

環境について討論する (Debate about the environment)

~をめぐって (Concerning)

法案をめぐって討論する (Debate concerning the bill)

~の末に (After...)

討論の末に決まった (Decided after debate)

~を通じて (Through)

討論を通じて学ぶ (Learn through discussion)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

クラスで討論をします。

We will have a discussion in class.

討論 (noun) + を (object particle) + します (verb: to do).

討論は面白いです。

The discussion is interesting.

討論 (subject) + は (topic particle) + 面白い (adjective) + です (copula).

みんなで討論しましょう。

Let's all have a discussion.

討論 (noun) + しましょう (volitional form: let's do).

先生の討論を聞きました。

I listened to the teacher's discussion.

先生の (teacher's) + 討論 (object).

これは大切な討論です。

This is an important discussion.

大切な (important) modifies 討論.

討論の時間です。

It is time for the discussion.

討論 + の (possessive/linking) + 時間 (time).

討論に参加しますか？

Will you participate in the discussion?

討論 + に (target particle) + 参加します (participate).

短い討論をしました。

We had a short discussion.

短い (short) + 討論.

テレビで討論番組を見ました。

I watched a debate program on TV.

討論番組 (debate program) is a compound noun.

その問題について討論しました。

We discussed that problem.

~について (about) is the standard way to introduce the topic.

活発な討論が行われました。

A lively discussion was held.

活発な (lively) + 討論 + が (subject) + 行われました (passive: was held).

討論のテーマは何ですか？

What is the theme of the discussion?

討論のテーマ (theme of the discussion).

彼は討論が上手です。

He is good at debating.

討論 + が (object of skill) + 上手 (skillful).

討論の前に準備をします。

I will prepare before the discussion.

討論の前に (before the discussion).

自由な討論を楽しみました。

I enjoyed the free discussion.

自由な (free/open) + 討論.

討論の内容をメモしました。

I took notes on the content of the discussion.

討論の内容 (content of the discussion).

激しい討論の末、合意に達した。

After a fierce debate, an agreement was reached.

~の末 (no sue) means 'after much.../at the end of...'.

この討論会には誰でも参加できます。

Anyone can participate in this debate forum.

討論会 (debate meeting) + には (for this) + 誰でも (anyone).

討論を通じて、理解を深めました。

Through the discussion, we deepened our understanding.

~を通じて (through/via).

反対意見との討論は必要です。

Discussion with opposing opinions is necessary.

反対意見 (opposing opinion) + との (with).

討論のルールを守ってください。

Please follow the rules of the debate.

討論のルール (debate rules).

政治家たちが討論を戦わせている。

Politicians are engaging in a fierce debate (literally: making arguments fight).

討論を戦わせる (tōron o tatakawaseru) is an idiom for a fierce debate.

討論の結果、計画が変更された。

As a result of the discussion, the plan was changed.

討論の結果 (result of the discussion).

論理的な討論を心がけましょう。

Let's strive for logical discussion.

論理的な (logical) + 討論.

その法案をめぐって、深夜まで討論が続いた。

The debate concerning that bill continued until late at night.

~をめぐって (concerning/revolving around).

パネル討論では、四人の専門家が意見を述べた。

In the panel discussion, four experts stated their opinions.

パネル討論 (panel discussion).

討論の焦点がずれてきている。

The focus of the discussion is shifting (drifting).

討論の焦点 (focus of the discussion) + ずれる (to shift/deviate).

彼は冷静に討論を進めた。

He proceeded with the discussion calmly.

冷静に (calmly) + 討論を進める (to advance/proceed with discussion).

不毛な討論は避けるべきだ。

We should avoid fruitless discussions.

不毛な (fruitless/barren) + 討論.

討論の要旨を報告書にまとめる。

I will summarize the main points of the debate in a report.

討論の要旨 (summary of the discussion).

公開討論会がテレビで生中継された。

The public debate forum was broadcast live on TV.

公開討論会 (public debate) + 生中継 (live broadcast).

討論の余地はまだ残されている。

There is still room for discussion.

討論の余地 (room/space for discussion).

多角的な視点からの討論が不可欠である。

Discussion from multifaceted perspectives is indispensable.

多角的な視点 (multifaceted perspectives) + 不可欠 (indispensable).

討論が紛糾し、一時休会となった。

The discussion became entangled (confused), and a recess was called.

紛糾する (funkyū suru - to get complicated/entangled).

この哲学的な討論には終わりがない。

There is no end to this philosophical debate.

哲学的な (philosophical) + 討論.

討論の応酬が視聴者を惹きつけた。

The back-and-forth of the debate attracted the viewers.

討論の応酬 (ōshū - exchange/give-and-take).

徹底的な討論を行うことで、真実が見えてくる。

By conducting a thorough discussion, the truth becomes visible.

徹底的な (thorough) + 討論.

討論の前提条件を再確認する必要がある。

It is necessary to reconfirm the prerequisites for the discussion.

前提条件 (prerequisites/assumptions).

彼は討論において、鋭い指摘を連発した。

In the discussion, he let out a series of sharp observations.

鋭い指摘 (sharp pointing out/observation).

討論の場を設けることが、民主主義の基本だ。

Providing a place for discussion is the basis of democracy.

討論の場を設ける (to set up a place for discussion).

弁証法的な討論を経て、新たな知見が得られた。

Through dialectical discussion, new knowledge was obtained.

弁証法的な (dialectical) refers to Hegel's thesis-antithesis-synthesis.

討論の深層に潜むイデオロギーを分析する。

Analyze the ideology lurking in the depths of the discussion.

深層に潜む (lurking in the depths).

その討論は、単なる言葉の遊戯に過ぎなかった。

That discussion was nothing more than mere wordplay.

言葉の遊戯 (wordplay) + ~に過ぎない (nothing more than).

討論の文脈を無視した発言は慎むべきだ。

One should refrain from remarks that ignore the context of the discussion.

文脈を無視した (ignoring the context).

学術的討論の質を担保するための厳格な基準。

Strict criteria to guarantee the quality of academic discussion.

質を担保する (guarantee/secure the quality).

討論が形骸化し、実質的な意味を失っている。

The discussion has become a mere formality and has lost its substantial meaning.

形骸化する (keigaika suru - to become a mere shell/formality).

討論のパラダイムが劇的に転換した。

The paradigm of the discussion has shifted dramatically.

パラダイム (paradigm) + 転換 (shift).

微細な差異をめぐる討論が、本質を覆い隠している。

The debate over minute differences is obscuring the essence.

微細な差異 (minute differences) + 覆い隠す (to cover/obscure).

مترادف‌ها

議論話し合いディベート論議談義

متضادها

沈黙独白

ترکیب‌های رایج

討論を行う

討論に参加する

活発な討論

激しい討論

討論を重ねる

不毛な討論

討論のテーマ

討論番組

討論会

討論の余地

عبارات رایج

討論を戦わせる

— To engage in a fierce, spirited debate where arguments 'clash'.

若手社員たちが討論を戦わせている。

討論に加わる

— To join an ongoing discussion or debate.

途中から討論に加わった。

討論を打ち切る

— To bring a discussion to an abrupt end.

時間が来たので討論を打ち切ります。

討論を深める

— To deepen the level of discussion to reach better understanding.

もっと討論を深める必要がある。

討論の場

— A venue or opportunity for discussion.

討論の場を設けることが大切だ。

パネル討論

— A panel discussion involving a small group of experts.

午後はパネル討論が行われます。

自由討論

— An open or free discussion session.

最後に３０分の自由討論があります。

討論の末に

— At the end of a long or difficult discussion.

討論の末に、ようやく決まった。

討論の要旨

— The summary or main points of a debate.

討論の要旨を記録する。

公開討論

— A public debate, often open to an audience.

大統領候補の公開討論。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

討論 vs 相談 (sōdan)

Sōdan is seeking advice or help; Tōron is exchanging arguments.

討論 vs おしゃべり (oshaberi)

Oshaberi is casual chatter; Tōron is serious debate.

討論 vs 口論 (kōron)

Kōron is a verbal fight or quarrel; Tōron is a logical debate.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"丁々発止と討論する"

— To debate with great vigor, like the sound of clashing swords (tō-tō hassyō).

二人は丁々発止と討論を繰り広げた。

Literary/Formal

"討論の火蓋を切る"

— To start a debate (literally: to light the fuse).

彼が討論の火蓋を切った。

Formal

"討論に花を咲かせる"

— To have a lively and flourishing discussion.

思い出話に討論の花を咲かせた。

Neutral

"討論を棚上げにする"

— To put a discussion on hold or 'on the shelf'.

その問題の討論は棚上げにされた。

Neutral

"討論の矢面に立つ"

— To stand in the front line of a debate and take the brunt of criticism.

首相が討論の矢面に立った。

Formal

"討論に水を差す"

— To dampen the mood of a discussion or throw a wet blanket on it.

彼の発言が討論に水を差した。

Neutral

"討論が踊る"

— A discussion that goes around in circles without progress (literally: dances).

討論が踊るばかりで結論が出ない。

Neutral

"討論を煮詰める"

— To bring a discussion to its final stages or reach the essence.

討論を煮詰めて最終案を作る。

Neutral

"討論に油を注ぐ"

— To add fuel to a debate, making it more heated.

そのニュースが討論に油を注いだ。

Neutral

"討論の幕を閉じる"

— To end the debate (literally: close the curtain).

議長が討論の幕を閉じた。

Formal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

討論 vs 議論 (giron)

Both mean discussion.

Giron is the act of arguing; Tōron is often a structured event or forum.

Giron o fukameru (Deepen the argument) vs Tōron-kai (Debate meeting).

討論 vs 討議 (tōgi)

Very similar kanji.

Tōgi is more about 'deliberation' or 'consultation' to reach a decision, often in committees.

Iinkai de tōgi suru.

討論 vs 論争 (ronsō)

Both involve disagreement.

Ronsō is a larger, often public controversy or long-term dispute.

Shinka-ron ronsō.

討論 vs 話し合い (hanashiai)

Both mean talking together.

Hanashiai is softer, general, and focuses on reaching harmony.

Kazoku no hanashiai.

討論 vs 対談 (taidan)

Both involve two or more people talking.

Taidan is specifically a dialogue or interview between two parties.

Zasshi no taidan.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Subject] は [Topic] について討論します。

私たちは環境について討論します。

[Adjective] な討論が [Verb-Passive]。

活発な討論が行われました。

討論の結果、[Result]。

討論の結果、中止が決まりました。

[Topic] をめぐって、討論が [Verb]。

増税をめぐって、討論が続いている。

討論の余地は [Negative]。

討論の余地は全くない。

討論が [Noun] 化する。

討論が形骸化している。

討論を [Verb-Causative]。

意見を戦わせて討論を深める。

討論に [Verb-Potential]。

誰でも討論に参加できます。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

討論 (tōron - discussion)

討論会 (tōronkai - debate forum)

討論者 (tōronsha - debater)

فعل‌ها

討論する (tōron suru - to debate/discuss)

صفت‌ها

討論的な (tōron-teki-na - argumentative/debate-like)

مرتبط

議論 (giron)

論理 (ronri)

討議 (tōgi)

論説 (ronsetsu)

論点 (ronten)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in news/education; Low in daily casual life.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 討論 for a chat with friends. → 友達と話し合う (Talk with friends).
討論 is too formal for casual social interactions.
Using 'to' instead of 'ni' for participation. → 討論に参加する (Participate in a discussion).
The target of participation takes the 'ni' particle.
Confusing 討論 with 口論 (kōron). → 論理的な討論 (Logical debate).
口論 is an emotional argument/quarrel, while 討論 is logical.
Shortening the 'ō' sound. → とうろん (Tōron).
Shortening the vowel changes the word or makes it unintelligible.
Using 討論 when you need advice. → 上司に相談する (Consult with a boss).
Seeking help is 'sōdan', while 'tōron' is a two-way logical exchange.

نکات

Check the Setting

Before using 'tōron', ask yourself: 'Is there a moderator or a specific topic?' If yes, 'tōron' is likely correct.

Particle Choice

Remember to use 'ni' for joining a debate (討論に参加する) and 'o' for conducting one (討論を行う).

Harmony First

In Japan, even in a 'tōron', people often start with 'Tashika ni' (Certainly) to show they heard the other side before disagreeing.

Compound Power

Learn '討論会' (tōronkai) as a single block; it's extremely common in news and school contexts.

The Long O

The 'ō' in 'tōron' is held for two beats. Practice saying 'To-o-ron' to get the timing right.

Kanji Meaning

Remember '討' means 'to investigate'. This helps you remember that 'tōron' isn't just arguing; it's searching for truth.

Watch NHK

Search for '討論' on NHK's website to see how it's used in real political and social reporting.

Strategy Sessions

Use 'tōron' when you want to suggest a 'deep dive' into a company problem during a meeting.

Zemi Culture

If you study in Japan, 'tōron' will be your main activity in seminars. Be ready to defend your thesis!

Historical Roots

Knowing it comes from Buddhist debates helps you appreciate the long history of logical discourse in Japan.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Toe' (討) and 'Run' (論). You use your 'Toes' to stand your ground and 'Run' your mouth to debate!

تداعی تصویری

Imagine two people standing behind podiums with a spotlight on them, pointing at a logic chart.

شبکه واژگان

Logic Debate Speech Argument Meeting Politics University Conflict

چالش

Try to use '討論' in a sentence about a TV show you watched today.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from Middle Chinese. '討' (tǎo) meaning to search/demand/attack and '論' (lùn) meaning to discuss/theory.

معنای اصلی: To investigate and discourse upon a subject; to attack an argument with logic.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

بافت فرهنگی

Be aware that in some traditional Japanese settings, a very aggressive 'tōron' might be seen as rude or disruptive to harmony.

Westerners often value 'tōron' as a sign of transparency and honesty.

The NHK program 'Nichiyō Tōron' (Sunday Debate). The Great Meiji Debates on the Constitution. University 'Zemi' culture.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

University Seminar

論文について討論する
質問に答える
批判的な意見
研究内容

Business Meeting

戦略を討論する
メリットとデメリット
次のステップ
合意形成

Political News

与野党の討論
法案の審議
国民の関心
公開討論会

Online Forum

掲示板での討論
コメント欄
議論を呼ぶ
意見交換

Classroom

グループ討論
発表する
相手の意見を聞く
まとめ

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"最近、テレビで面白い討論番組を見ましたか？ (Have you seen any interesting debate programs on TV lately?)"

"この問題について、討論の余地があると思いますか？ (Do you think there is room for discussion on this issue?)"

"学校で討論の授業はありましたか？ (Did you have debate classes in school?)"

"討論をするときに、一番大切なことは何だと思いますか？ (What do you think is the most important thing when debating?)"

"激しい討論に参加したことがありますか？ (Have you ever participated in a fierce debate?)"

موضوعات نگارش

今日、誰かと討論したことはありますか？そのテーマは何でしたか？ (Did you debate with someone today? What was the theme?)

討論と話し合いの違いについて、自分の考えを書いてください。 (Write your thoughts on the difference between 'tōron' and 'hanashiai'.)

将来、どのようなテーマで討論してみたいですか？ (What kind of theme would you like to debate in the future?)

討論で自分の意見を変えたことがありますか？その時のエピソードを教えてください。 (Have you ever changed your opinion in a debate? Tell that story.)

良い討論をするために必要なスキルは何だと思いますか？ (What skills do you think are necessary for a good discussion?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, that would sound very strange. Use '話し合い' or 'おしゃべり' for casual situations. '討論' is strictly for formal or structured debates.

Not at all. While it can be 'hageshii' (intense), it is often a very constructive and polite academic or professional process.

They are often interchangeable, but '討論' usually refers to a specific meeting or event (like a debate forum), while '議論' refers to the act of arguing or the argument itself.

Use '討論に参加する' (tōron ni sanka suru).

Common ones are 'kappatsu-na' (lively), 'hageshii' (intense), 'fumō-na' (fruitless), and 'ronri-teki-na' (logical).

It is a noun that can become a verb by adding 'suru' (討論する).

Yes, if you are proposing a formal discussion on a strategy. If you just want to talk to him, 'sōdan' or 'hanashiai' is better.

It means a 'debate meeting' or 'forum' where a discussion is held.

Yes, it is the standard word for the formal exchanges between politicians.

It is a 'panel discussion' where several experts discuss a topic in front of an audience.

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