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A2 noun #500 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

女性

josei رتبه 500

At the A1 level, you are just beginning to learn the basic building blocks of Japanese. '女性' (josei) might appear in very simple contexts, such as identifying people in a picture or learning basic gender terms. You will likely learn 'onna no hito' first because it is easier to use in spoken conversation. However, 'josei' is introduced early because it appears on signs and in textbooks. At this stage, you should focus on recognizing the kanji '女' (woman) and understanding that 'josei' is a polite way to say 'woman.' You might use it in a simple sentence like 'Kanojo wa josei desu' (She is a woman), although it sounds a bit formal. The most important thing for an A1 learner is to distinguish 'josei' from 'dansei' (male) so you can navigate public spaces like restrooms or changing rooms. You don't need to worry about the deep nuances yet; just treat it as a formal vocabulary word for 'woman.' You will often see it in vocabulary lists alongside family members and occupations. Remember that 'jo' is the sound for 'woman' in many compound words. Learning 'josei' now will help you later when you encounter more complex words like 'josei-shain' (female employee).

At the A2 level, you are expanding your ability to describe people and things. You should start using '女性' (josei) in more varied sentences. For example, you can use adjectives to describe a woman: 'Shinsetsu na josei' (a kind woman) or 'Kirei na josei' (a beautiful woman). You will also encounter 'josei' in the context of shopping or public services. You might see 'josei-yō' (for women) on products or signs. At this level, you should begin to understand that 'josei' is the 'correct' word to use in a classroom or professional setting. If your teacher asks you to describe a person in a photo, using 'josei' shows that you have a better grasp of polite Japanese than just using 'onna.' You will also start to see 'josei' in simple news articles or reading passages about social roles. It's a good time to practice the 'Noun + no + Noun' pattern, such as 'josei no tomodachi' (a female friend), which is a polite way to specify gender without using 'kanojo.' You should also be able to recognize the word in listening exercises, especially in announcements at train stations or malls.

At the B1 level, you are moving toward intermediate proficiency, where you can discuss more abstract topics. '女性' (josei) becomes a key word for discussing society, work, and culture. You will use it to talk about 'josei no shinshutsu' (women's participation in society) or 'josei no kenri' (women's rights). At this stage, you should be comfortable using 'josei' in both spoken and written Japanese to maintain a neutral, objective tone. You will learn to distinguish between 'josei' and 'onna no hito' based on the situation—using 'josei' for a presentation and 'onna no hito' for a casual story. You will also encounter more compound words and formal expressions. For example, 'josei-sen'yō' (women-only) or 'josei-zo' (the image of women in media). Your reading will include articles about the challenges 'working women' (hataraku josei) face in Japan. You should also be able to use 'josei' to describe demographics in a simple report, such as 'Kono machi wa josei ga ōi desu' (This town has many women). Understanding the cultural context of the word, such as its role in gender-segregated services in Japan, becomes more important at this level.

At the B2 level, you are expected to understand and use '女性' (josei) with high accuracy in complex discussions. You will encounter the word in academic texts, editorials, and formal debates. You should be able to discuss the nuances of gendered language in Japanese, including why 'josei' is preferred over 'onna' in professional contexts. You will use 'josei' in phrases like 'josei no shakaiteki chii' (the social status of women) or 'josei no empowerment' (women's empowerment). At this level, you will also encounter more specialized terms like 'josei-gaku' (women's studies) or 'josei-kai' (women's circles/meetings). You should be able to analyze how the word 'josei' is used in literature to convey maturity or a specific social role. In listening, you will understand fast-paced news reports or podcasts discussing 'josei no mondai' (women's issues). You should also be aware of the shift in modern Japanese where 'joshi' is sometimes used in place of 'josei' in casual marketing, and be able to explain the difference. Your writing should reflect a sophisticated use of 'josei' as a formal noun that fits into the broader structure of Keigo or formal Japanese.

At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the linguistic and social history of the word '女性' (josei). You can discuss its evolution from the Meiji era to the present day and how it reflects changing views on gender in Japan. You will use 'josei' in highly specialized contexts, such as legal documents, sociological research, or literary criticism. You should be able to differentiate between 'josei,' 'fujin,' and 'shukujo' with precision, choosing the exact word that fits the register and historical context of your speech or writing. You will encounter 'josei' in complex idioms and formal set phrases. Your ability to use 'josei' will extend to discussing 'gender performativity' or 'femininity' (josei-sei) in a philosophical or academic sense. You will be able to critique media representations of women using terms like 'josei-zo' and 'josei no hyōgen.' In high-level business negotiations or diplomatic contexts, you will use 'josei' to refer to female leaders and colleagues with the appropriate level of respect and professional distance. Your mastery of the word includes understanding its limitations and the subtle ways it can be used to include or exclude individuals in social discourse.

At the C2 level, you possess a native-like or near-native command of '女性' (josei). You understand the most subtle connotations and can use the word in any context, from the most formal state ceremonies to complex creative writing. You are aware of the ongoing debates in Japan regarding gender-neutral language and how 'josei' fits into those discussions. You can interpret the use of 'josei' in classical-modern transition literature and understand the stylistic choices authors make when they choose 'josei' over other synonyms. You can use the word to discuss highly abstract concepts like 'josei-teki na shiten' (a feminine perspective) in art or philosophy. Your understanding of the word is integrated with a deep knowledge of Japanese history, law, and social structure. You can effortlessly switch between different registers and synonyms, using 'josei' as a precise tool for communication. You are also capable of identifying and correcting subtle misuses of the word by others, explaining the cultural and linguistic reasons behind the corrections. At this level, 'josei' is not just a vocabulary word, but a concept that you can manipulate with nuance and authority in any professional or academic environment.

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

女性 در ۳۰ ثانیه

女性 (josei) is the polite and formal Japanese word for 'woman' or 'female'.
It is composed of the kanji for 'woman' (女) and 'gender/nature' (性).
Use it in professional, academic, or neutral contexts to show respect.
It is the standard term for 'female' on official forms and in media.

The Japanese word 女性 (じょせい - josei) is the standard, polite, and neutral way to refer to an adult female human being, equivalent to the English word 'woman' or 'female.' While Japanese has several words for women, 'josei' is the most versatile and socially appropriate in a wide range of contexts, from formal business settings to daily news reports and polite conversation. The word is composed of two kanji: 女 (onna), meaning 'woman' or 'female,' and 性 (sei), meaning 'gender,' 'nature,' or 'sex.' Together, they literally translate to 'female gender.' Historically, the term gained prominence during the Meiji era as Japan sought to modernize its language and create more formal, abstract nouns to match Western concepts. Before this, 'onna' was the primary term, but 'onna' can sometimes sound too direct, biological, or even slightly derogatory depending on the tone and context. Therefore, 'josei' was adopted as a more respectful and objective alternative. In modern Japan, you will see this word on signage (such as 'women-only' train cars), in job titles, and in sociological discussions. It is the term of choice when you want to speak about women as a demographic or when you want to show respect to the person you are describing. It is important to note that 'josei' typically refers to adults; for children, 'onna no ko' (girl) is used, though 'josei' can occasionally encompass all females in a biological or medical context.

Register: Formal and Neutral. It is the standard term used in media, professional environments, and polite social interactions.

Kanji Breakdown: 女 (Woman) + 性 (Gender/Nature). The combination creates a formal noun used for classification and respectful reference.

この会議には多くの女性が参加しています。(Kono kaigi ni wa ōku no josei ga sanka shite imasu.) - Many women are participating in this meeting.

彼は女性の声に耳を傾けた。(Kare wa josei no koe ni mimi o katamuketa.) - He listened to the voices of women.

Nuance: Unlike 'onna no hito' (woman), which is common in spoken Japanese, 'josei' is more literary and formal, often used in writing or public speaking.

女性専用車両 (Josei sen'yō sharyō) - Women-only train car.

働く女性のための雑誌。(Hataraku josei no tame no zasshi.) - A magazine for working women.

その女性は有名な作家です。(Sono josei wa yūmei na sakka desu.) - That woman is a famous author.

Using 女性 correctly involves understanding its role as a noun and its common grammatical patterns. Most frequently, it acts as the subject or object of a sentence. For example, 'Josei ga warau' (A woman laughs). It is also very common to use it as a modifier for other nouns using the particle 'no'. For instance, 'josei no kenri' (women's rights) or 'josei no fuku' (women's clothing). In these cases, 'josei' functions like an adjective in English. When describing a specific woman you don't know well, 'ano josei' (that woman) is much more polite than 'ano onna.' In formal writing, such as news reports, you will often see 'josei' paired with numbers, like '30-dai no josei' (a woman in her 30s). This highlights the word's role as a demographic descriptor. Furthermore, 'josei' is used in many compound words that define roles or spaces. 'Josei-shain' (female employee), 'josei-muki' (for women/female-oriented), and 'josei-zo' (image of women). When using 'josei' in a sentence, pay attention to the level of politeness of the surrounding words. Since 'josei' is a relatively formal or neutral word, it pairs best with 'desu/masu' forms or formal literary forms. Using it with very rough slang might create a stylistic clash, though it is not grammatically incorrect. In social settings, if you are introducing a female colleague, you might say 'josei no sutaffu' (female staff) to maintain a professional tone. In contrast, in a very casual setting among friends, people might opt for 'onna no hito' or even 'ko' (girl/young woman), but 'josei' remains the safe, 'grown-up' choice.

Common Pattern 1: [Adjective] + 女性: e.g., 'Utsukushii josei' (A beautiful woman). This is a standard way to describe a woman's attributes.

Common Pattern 2: 女性 + の + [Noun]: e.g., 'Josei no shiten' (A woman's perspective). This indicates possession or categorization.

自立した女性を目指しています。(Jiritsu shita josei o mezashite imasu.) - I aim to be an independent woman.

この商品は女性に人気があります。(Kono shōhin wa josei ni ninki ga arimasu.) - This product is popular among women.

多くの女性が社会で活躍しています。(Ōku no josei ga shakai de katsuyaku shite imasu.) - Many women are active in society.

女性リーダーの育成が課題です。(Josei rīdā no ikusei ga kadai desu.) - Developing female leaders is a challenge.

彼女は強い女性だ。(Kanojo wa tsuyoi josei da.) - She is a strong woman.

Grammar Note: 'Josei' is a countable noun, but Japanese doesn't use plural markers like 's'. Plurality is understood from context or by adding 'tachi' (女性たち), though 'josei' alone often suffices for 'women'.

You will encounter 女性 in almost every facet of Japanese life, but it is particularly dominant in media and professional spheres. On the news, anchors will refer to 'josei no kisha' (female reporters) or 'josei no ginn' (female politicians). In the workplace, discussions about 'josei no hatarakikata' (women's way of working) are common as Japan addresses labor shortages and gender equality. If you visit a department store, the floors are often categorized as 'josei-fuku' (women's clothing) versus 'mensu' (men's) or 'shinshi-fuku' (gentlemen's clothing). In literature and film, 'josei' is used to describe characters with a certain level of maturity or dignity. It is also the standard term used in surveys and official documents. For example, a form asking for your gender will list 'dansei' (male) and 'josei' (female). In the realm of social media, hashtags like #女性起業家 (female entrepreneur) or #女性の悩み (women's worries) are frequently used. You'll also hear it in announcements on public transport, specifically regarding 'josei sen'yō sharyō' (women-only cars), which were introduced to provide a safer environment during rush hour. In academic settings, 'josei-gaku' (women's studies) is a recognized field. The word carries a sense of 'adulthood'—you wouldn't typically call a high school student a 'josei' in casual talk; you'd call her a 'girl' (onna no ko). However, in a formal school report, she might be classified as a 'josei'. Understanding the prevalence of this word helps learners realize that while 'onna' is the basic word for woman, 'josei' is the word that functions as the polite 'social' version. It is the word that bridges the gap between biological sex and social identity.

Public Announcements: Used in trains and malls to designate specific areas or services for women.

Workplace: Used to discuss diversity, female leadership, and professional roles.

ニュース：女性の就業率が過去最高となりました。(Nyūsu: Josei no shūgyōritsu ga kako saikō to narimashita.) - News: The female employment rate has reached a record high.

デパート：こちらは女性用のお手洗いです。(Depāto: Kochira wa josei-yō no otearai desu.) - Department store: This is the restroom for women.

駅のアナンス：１号車は女性専用車両です。(Eki no anansu: Ichigōsha wa josei sen'yō sharyō desu.) - Station announcement: Car number one is a women-only car.

雑誌の表紙：輝く女性のためのライフスタイル。(Zasshi no hyōshi: Kagayaku josei no tame no raifusutairu.) - Magazine cover: Lifestyle for shining women.

One of the most common mistakes learners make is confusing 女性 (josei) with 女 (onna) or 女の人 (onna no hito). While they all mean 'woman,' their usage is strictly governed by social context. Using 'onna' to refer to a woman in a polite conversation can sound very rude, blunt, or even sexist, as 'onna' focuses on the biological aspect and lacks the respect inherent in 'josei.' Conversely, using 'josei' in a very casual, intimate setting with close friends might sound a bit too stiff or clinical. Another mistake is using 'josei' for young girls. While 'josei' means female, it strongly implies an adult. If you call a 5-year-old a 'josei,' it sounds like you are treating her like a miniature adult, which is unnatural; 'onna no ko' is the correct term. Additionally, learners often forget that 'josei' is a noun and try to use it directly as an adjective without the particle 'no.' You cannot say 'josei kisha' as easily as 'female reporter' in English without understanding that it's often a compound noun; usually, 'josei no kisha' is safer. There is also the confusion between 'josei' and 'fujin' (lady/madam). 'Fujin' is even more formal and is often used for married women or women of high status, whereas 'josei' is the general modern standard. Finally, be careful with the pronunciation. The 'jo' in 'josei' is a short sound, and the 'sei' has a long 'e' sound (se-e). Mispronouncing it might make it sound like other words. Avoid using 'josei' when you mean 'girlfriend' (kanojo)—while a girlfriend is a 'josei,' the word 'josei' does not imply a romantic relationship.

Mistake: Overusing 'Onna': Calling a stranger 'onna' is impolite. Use 'josei' or 'onna no hito' instead.

Mistake: Age Inappropriateness: Don't use 'josei' for children. Use 'onna no ko' for girls under 15-18.

❌ あの女は先生です。(Ano onna wa sensei desu.) - Sounds rude.

✅ あの女性は先生です。(Ano josei wa sensei desu.) - Polite and correct.

❌ 彼女は私の女性です。(Kanojo wa watashi no josei desu.) - Incorrect way to say 'She is my girlfriend'.

✅ 彼女は私の恋人です。(Kanojo wa watashi no koibito desu.) - Correct.

Note on Plurals: While 'josei-tachi' exists, 'josei' is frequently used to represent the plural 'women' in general statements.

Japanese has a rich vocabulary for referring to women, each with its own nuance. 女の人 (onna no hito) is the most common equivalent to 'woman' in everyday spoken Japanese. It is softer than 'onna' but less formal than 'josei.' Use 'onna no hito' when chatting with friends about someone you saw. 女 (onna) is the basic, biological term. It is used in medical contexts, in some fixed expressions, or when the speaker wants to be very direct (sometimes aggressively so). 婦人 (fujin) is an older, very formal term often translated as 'lady' or 'madam.' You see it in 'fujin-fuku' (ladies' wear) or 'fujin-ka' (gynecology). 淑女 (shukujo) means 'lady' in the sense of a well-bred, refined woman, often used in the phrase 'gentlemen and ladies' (shinshi shukujo). 乙女 (otome) refers to a young, maiden-like woman, often carrying a romantic or innocent connotation. 女子 (joshi) is a term that has seen a surge in usage lately. Originally meaning 'girl' or 'young woman,' it is now used by adult women to refer to themselves or their peers in a casual, bonding way (e.g., 'joshi-kai' - a girls' night out). However, in professional settings, 'josei' remains the most appropriate choice. Understanding these distinctions is key to mastering Japanese social dynamics. Choosing 'josei' shows that you recognize the person as an adult member of society.

Comparison: 女性 vs 女の人: 女性 (Josei) is formal/written; 女の人 (Onna no hito) is casual/spoken.

Comparison: 女性 vs 女: 女性 (Josei) is respectful; 女 (Onna) is biological/blunt.

紳士淑女の皆様。(Shinshi shukujo no minasama.) - Ladies and gentlemen.

彼女は素敵な女性です。(Kanojo wa suteki na josei desu.) - She is a wonderful woman.

今日は女子会があります。(Kyō wa joshikai ga arimasu.) - Today there is a girls' gathering.

婦人警官 (Fujin keikan) - Policewoman (though 'josei keikan' is now more common).

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

"本日は多くの女性の方々にお集まりいただきました。"

خنثی

"その女性は駅の方へ歩いていきました。"

غیر رسمی

"あの女性、すごくかっこいいね。"

Child friendly

"やさしい女性の先生ですね。"

عامیانه

"あの女性（ひと）、マジでリスペクトだわ。"

نکته جالب

The kanji '性' (gender/nature) was added to '女' (woman) to create a more abstract and objective term, moving away from the purely biological or descriptive 'onna'.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /dʒəʊˈseɪ/

US /dʒoʊˈseɪ/

The stress is relatively even, but there is a slight pitch drop after 'jo'.

هم‌قافیه با

Dansei (Male) Kansei (Completion) Sensei (Teacher) Kinsei (Modern times) Shinsei (Application) Tensei (Natural talent) Gensei (Strictness) Honsei (True nature)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'jo' as 'yo'.
Making 'sei' too short (it should be two beats: se-i).
Confusing the pitch accent with 'josei' (assistance), though the context usually clarifies.
Pronouncing 'j' as a hard 'z'.
Swapping the sounds to 'seijo'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

The kanji are basic, but 'sei' has many homophones.

نوشتن 3/5

Writing '性' requires attention to stroke order.

صحبت کردن 1/5

The pronunciation is straightforward.

گوش دادن 2/5

Easy to recognize in clear speech.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

女 (Onna) 人 (Hito) 性 (Sei) 私 (Watashi) 先生 (Sensei)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

男性 (Dansei) 社会 (Shakai) 職業 (Shokugyō) 権利 (Kenri) 平等 (Byōdō)

پیشرفته

婦人 (Fujin) 淑女 (Shukujo) 主体性 (Shutaisei) 母性 (Bosei) 女性学 (Joseigaku)

گرامر لازم

Noun + の + Noun

女性のバッグ (A woman's bag)

Adjective + Noun

美しい女性 (A beautiful woman)

Noun + 専用 (Exclusive use)

女性専用 (Women only)

Noun + 用 (For use by)

女性用 (For women)

Noun + らしい (Typical of)

女性らしい (Womanly)

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

彼女は女性です。

She is a woman.

Basic 'A wa B desu' structure.

あの女性はだれですか。

Who is that woman?

Using 'ano' to modify 'josei'.

女性の先生がいます。

There is a female teacher.

Using 'no' to specify the gender of the teacher.

ここは女性用です。

This is for women.

'Yō' means 'for use by'.

きれいな女性ですね。

She is a beautiful woman, isn't she?

Adjective 'kirei na' modifying 'josei'.

女性の名前です。

It is a woman's name.

Possessive 'no'.

三人の女性がいます。

There are three women.

Counter for people 'nin'.

その女性は親切です。

That woman is kind.

Topic marker 'wa'.

女性専用の車両に乗ります。

I will ride the women-only car.

'Sen'yō' means exclusive use.

多くの女性が働いています。

Many women are working.

'Ōku no' means many.

彼女は強い女性だと思います。

I think she is a strong woman.

'~to omoimasu' expresses an opinion.

女性のための雑誌を買いました。

I bought a magazine for women.

'~no tame no' means for the sake of.

有名な女性作家の本です。

It is a book by a famous female author.

Compound noun 'josei sakka'.

女性の声が聞こえました。

I heard a woman's voice.

Potential/Passive sense of 'kikoeru'.

この服は女性に人気があります。

These clothes are popular among women.

'Ni ninki ga aru' means to be popular with.

自立した女性になりたいです。

I want to become an independent woman.

'~ni naritai' expresses a desire to become.

女性の社会進出が進んでいます。

Women's participation in society is progressing.

'Shakai shinshutsu' is a common sociological term.

彼女は女性リーダーとして尊敬されています。

She is respected as a female leader.

'~toshite' means 'as'.

女性特有の悩みを相談しました。

I consulted about worries unique to women.

'Tokuyū' means unique or peculiar to.

この映画は女性の視点で描かれています。

This movie is depicted from a woman's perspective.

Passive voice 'egakarete iru'.

女性の権利を守ることが大切です。

It is important to protect women's rights.

Nominalizing a verb with 'koto'.

働く女性を支援する制度があります。

There are systems to support working women.

'Shien suru' means to support.

女性たちの意見を聞いてみましょう。

Let's try listening to the women's opinions.

'~te mimashō' means let's try doing.

女性の平均寿命は男性より長いです。

The average life expectancy of women is longer than that of men.

Comparison using 'yori'.

女性のエンパワーメントが経済成長に不可欠です。

Women's empowerment is essential for economic growth.

'Fukaketsu' means indispensable.

現代社会における女性の役割を考察する。

To consider the role of women in modern society.

'~ni okeru' means 'in' or 'at' a certain context.

女性の感性を活かした商品開発を行う。

Conduct product development that utilizes women's sensibilities.

'~o ikashita' means making use of.

政治の世界でも女性の活躍が期待されています。

The active participation of women is expected in the world of politics too.

Passive voice 'kitai sarete iru'.

女性の就業率を向上させるための施策。

Measures to improve the female employment rate.

'向上させる' is the causative form of 'to improve'.

彼女は女性初の宇宙飛行士になりました。

She became the first female astronaut.

'~hatsu' means the first of its kind.

女性の視点を取り入れることで、新しいアイデアが生まれた。

By incorporating a woman's perspective, a new idea was born.

'~koto de' indicates the means or reason.

伝統的な女性像に疑問を投げかける作品。

A work that questions the traditional image of women.

'Gimon o nagekakeru' means to raise a question.

女性の身体的特徴に基づいた医学的研究。

Medical research based on the physical characteristics of women.

'~ni motozuita' means based on.

文学作品における女性性の表現を分析する。

To analyze the expression of femininity in literary works.

'Josei-sei' refers to the quality of being female (femininity).

女性の権利拡大は歴史的な必然であった。

The expansion of women's rights was a historical necessity.

'Hitsuzen' means necessity or inevitability.

社会構造が女性のキャリア形成に与える影響。

The influence that social structures have on women's career formation.

'~ni ataeru eikyō' means the influence given to.

女性の自立を阻む要因を排除しなければならない。

We must eliminate the factors that hinder women's independence.

'~nakereba naranai' means 'must'.

ジェンダー論の観点から女性の地位を再定義する。

To redefine the status of women from the perspective of gender theory.

'~no kanten kara' means from the viewpoint of.

女性の多様な生き方を尊重する社会を目指す。

Aiming for a society that respects the diverse ways of life for women.

'Mezasu' means to aim for.

法的な枠組みにおける女性の保護と平等。

Protection and equality for women within the legal framework.

'Wakugumi' means framework.

近代日本における「女性」という概念の変遷を辿る。

Tracing the transition of the concept of 'woman' in modern Japan.

'Hensen' refers to a transition or change over time.

女性の主体性をいかに確立するかが、長年の議論の的であった。

How to establish women's agency has been the target of long-standing debate.

'Shutaisei' means agency or independence of action.

家父長制が女性の精神構造に及ぼした深層的な影響。

The deep-seated influence that patriarchy has exerted on the psychological structure of women.

'~ni oyoboshita' means to exert or influence.

女性の感性と論理の止揚こそが、新たな文化を創造する。

The sublation of women's sensibility and logic is what creates a new culture.

'Shiyō' (Aufheben) is a philosophical term for sublation.

言説空間における女性の不可視化に抗う。

To resist the invisibilization of women in the discursive space.

'Aragau' means to resist or struggle against.

女性の身体をめぐる政治学的な言説を批判的に検討する。

To critically examine the political discourse surrounding the female body.

'~o meguru' means surrounding or concerning.

女性の労働が再生産活動としてのみ評価される現状を打破する。

To break down the current situation where women's labor is only valued as reproductive activity.

'Daho suru' means to break down or overcome.

超越的な女性性の探求が、芸術の極致へと導く。

The quest for transcendent femininity leads to the height of art.

'Kyokuchi' means the height or pinnacle.

ترکیب‌های رایج

女性専用 (josei sen'yō)

働く女性 (hataraku josei)

女性作家 (josei sakka)

女性の権利 (josei no kenri)

女性誌 (joseishi)

女性用 (josei-yō)

女性の声 (josei no koe)

自立した女性 (jiritsu shita josei)

女性リーダー (josei rīdā)

女性の視点 (josei no shiten)

عبارات رایج

女性ならではの (josei narade wa no)

女性に優しい (josei ni yasashii)

女性が輝く (josei ga kagayaku)

女性の手 (josei no te)

女性の味方 (josei no mikata)

女性の社会進出 (josei no shakai shinshutsu)

女性の地位 (josei no chii)

女性らしさ (josei-rashisa)

女性中心の (josei chūshin no)

女性ファン (josei fan)

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

女性 vs 女 (Onna)

Onna is biological and can be blunt; Josei is social and polite.

女性 vs 女子 (Joshi)

Joshi is for girls or casual bonding; Josei is for adult women in general.

女性 vs 婦人 (Fujin)

Fujin is old-fashioned and very formal; Josei is modern and standard.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"女性は愛嬌 (josei wa aikyō)"

Charm is the most important quality for a woman (traditional/dated).

昔は「女性は愛嬌」と言われた。(In the past, it was said that 'charm is for women'.)

Traditional

"女性上位 (josei jōi)"

Women having the upper hand; women being superior in status.

最近は女性上位の家庭が多い。(Recently, there are many families where women have the upper hand.)

Informal/Social

"女性の勘 (josei no kan)"

Women's intuition.

女性の勘は鋭い。(Women's intuition is sharp.)

Common

"女性の一念岩をも通す (josei no ichinen iwa o mo tōsu)"

A woman's determination can pierce even a rock (similar to 'where there's a will').

彼女の努力は、まさに女性の一念岩をも通すだ。(Her effort is truly a woman's determination piercing a rock.)

Literary

"女性を泣かせる (josei o nakaseru)"

To make a woman cry (usually by being a bad partner).

女性を泣かせてはいけない。(You must not make a woman cry.)

Common

"女性の敵 (josei no teki)"

An enemy of women (often used for men who cheat or are sexist).

浮気をする男は女性の敵だ。(Men who cheat are enemies of women.)

Informal

"女性の花道 (josei no hanamichi)"

A woman's glorious path (often used for marriage or a big success).

結婚は女性の花道と言われた。(Marriage was said to be a woman's glorious path.)

Dated

"女性の顔は履歴書 (josei no kao wa rirekisho)"

A woman's face is her resume (implies her life experience shows on her face).

40歳を過ぎたら、女性の顔は履歴書だ。(After 40, a woman's face is her resume.)

Literary

"女性は度胸 (josei wa dokyō)"

Courage is for women (a play on the phrase 'men have courage').

今は女性は度胸の時代だ。(Now is the era where women have courage.)

Modern

"女性を立てる (josei o tateru)"

To show respect to a woman; to let a woman take the lead.

彼はいつも女性を立てる。(He always shows respect to women.)

Polite

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

女性 vs 助成 (Josei)

Same pronunciation.

助成 means 'subsidy' or 'assistance'. Context is key.

研究の助成金。(Research grant.)

女性 vs 叙成 (Josei)

Same pronunciation.

A rare term meaning 'composition' or 'formation'.

文章の叙成。(Composition of a sentence.)

女性 vs 女声 (Josei)

Same pronunciation.

Means 'female voice'.

女声合唱。(Female chorus.)

女性 vs 除正 (Josei)

Same pronunciation.

A rare term in mathematics/logic.

N/A

女性 vs 情勢 (Jōsei)

Similar pronunciation.

Means 'situation' or 'state of affairs'.

国際情勢。(International situation.)

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

彼女は[Adjective]女性です。

彼女は親切な女性です。

これは女性用の[Noun]です。

これは女性用の靴です。

女性の[Noun]が重要です。

女性の意見が重要です。

女性として[Verb]。

女性として働いています。

女性の[Noun]を促進する。

女性の社会進出を促進する。

女性ならではの[Noun]。

女性ならではの視点。

女性の地位を[Verb]。

女性の地位を向上させる。

女性性を[Verb]。

女性性を再定義する。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

فعل‌ها

صفت‌ها

مرتبط

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely high in written and formal spoken Japanese.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'onna' in polite company. → Use 'josei' or 'onna no hito'.
'Onna' can sound blunt or disrespectful when referring to a person in conversation.
Using 'josei' for a little girl. → Use 'onna no ko'.
'Josei' implies an adult; using it for a child sounds unnatural.
Saying 'watashi no josei' for 'my girlfriend'. → Use 'kanojo' or 'koibito'.
'Josei' is a general term for the female gender, not a relationship term.
Forgetting the 'no' in 'josei no [noun]'. → Use 'josei no kenri' instead of 'josei kenri' (usually).
While compound nouns exist, the 'no' particle is often needed for clarity.
Confusing 'josei' with 'dansei'. → Josei = Female, Dansei = Male.
Learners sometimes swap these two because they are often taught together.

نکات

Use in Business

Always use 'josei' when referring to female clients or colleagues in a professional email or meeting.

Polite Reference

If you are talking about a woman you don't know, 'ano josei' is the safest and most polite choice.

No Plurals

Remember that 'josei' can mean one woman or many women. Use context to decide.

Kanji Recognition

The kanji 女 (woman) is very common. Learn it early to recognize 'josei', 'joshi', and 'onna'.

Train Cars

Look for the pink '女性専用' signs on Tokyo trains to know which cars are for women only.

Pair with Dansei

Learn 'josei' and 'dansei' together as a pair. They are the standard formal terms for female and male.

News Context

When you hear 'josei' on the news, it's often followed by her age, like 'sanjū-dai no josei' (a woman in her 30s).

Long Vowel

Make sure to pronounce the 'ei' in 'josei' clearly as a long vowel.

Compound Nouns

You can often drop the 'no' in compound nouns like 'josei sakka' (female author).

Modern Word

Remember that 'josei' is a relatively modern word used to create a respectful social category.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Jo' as 'Joan of Arc' and 'Sei' as 'Say'. Joan of Arc has something to 'say' as a strong 'Josei'.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a sign on a door with the kanji 女 and the word 'Josei' written in elegant script, representing a professional woman.

شبکه واژگان

Dansei (Male) Onna (Woman) Joshi (Girl) Josei-yō (For women) Josei-sen'yō (Women only) Josei-teki (Feminine) Josei-rashii (Womanly) Josei-shain (Female employee)

چالش

Try to use 'josei' in three different sentences today: one about a teacher, one about a sign you see, and one about a famous person.

ریشه کلمه

The word '女性' is a Sino-Japanese compound (kango). It was popularized during the Meiji era (late 19th century) as a translation for the Western concept of 'woman' as a social and legal entity. Before this, more specific or descriptive terms were used.

معنای اصلی: Female gender or female nature.

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

بافت فرهنگی

Always use 'josei' or 'onna no hito' for strangers. Never use 'onna' unless you are speaking very informally or in a specific biological context.

In English, 'female' can sometimes be seen as dehumanizing if used as a noun, but 'josei' is the most respectful and standard term in Japanese.

The 'Women-only' train cars in Tokyo. The magazine 'Josei Jishin' (Women's Own). The concept of 'Josei-gaku' (Women's Studies) in Japanese universities.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Shopping

女性用はどこですか？ (Where is the women's section?)
女性に人気の商品は？ (Which products are popular with women?)
女性誌を探しています。 (I'm looking for a women's magazine.)
女性向けのギフト。 (A gift for women.)

Workplace

女性の同僚。 (A female colleague.)
女性リーダーの会議。 (A meeting of female leaders.)
女性の働き方。 (Women's way of working.)
女性社員の意見。 (Opinions of female employees.)

Public Transport

女性専用車両。 (Women-only car.)
女性専用はいつですか？ (When is it women-only?)
女性の方はあちらです。 (Ladies are over there.)
女性優先。 (Priority for women.)

Medical

女性の医師。 (A female doctor.)
女性特有の病気。 (Diseases unique to women.)
女性外来。 (Outpatient clinic for women.)
女性の健康。 (Women's health.)

News/Media

女性の社会進出。 (Women's participation in society.)
女性の平均寿命。 (Average life expectancy of women.)
女性の権利。 (Women's rights.)
女性作家の受賞。 (A female author winning an award.)

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"最近、活躍している女性が多いですね。 (Many women are active/successful lately, aren't they?)"

"女性に人気のカフェを知っていますか？ (Do you know any cafes popular with women?)"

"女性の視点から見て、どう思いますか？ (What do you think from a woman's perspective?)"

"あの女性は有名な方ですか？ (Is that woman a famous person?)"

"女性専用車両についてどう思いますか？ (What do you think about women-only train cars?)"

موضوعات نگارش

あなたが尊敬する女性について書いてください。 (Write about a woman you respect.)

「強い女性」とはどのような人だと思いますか？ (What kind of person do you think a 'strong woman' is?)

あなたの国と日本で、女性の役割はどう違いますか？ (How do women's roles differ between your country and Japan?)

将来、どのような女性になりたいですか？ (What kind of woman do you want to be in the future?)

社会における女性の地位について考えてみましょう。 (Let's think about the status of women in society.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Yes, 'josei' is more formal and is the preferred term in professional or written contexts. 'Onna no hito' is perfectly fine for everyday conversation, but 'josei' sounds more mature.

No, 'josei' just means 'woman'. To say 'girlfriend', use 'kanojo' or 'koibito'. Calling her 'my josei' would sound very strange.

Use 'onna' in biological contexts (like 'female animal'), in fixed phrases, or when you are being very direct/informal. Be careful, as it can sound rude.

It means 'women only'. You will see this on certain train cars in Japan during rush hour to prevent harassment.

'Joshi' literally means 'girl' or 'female child', but adult women often use it for 'girls' night out' (joshi-kai). In formal settings, always use 'josei'.

You can say 'josei no isha' or '女医' (joi). 'Josei no isha' is the more standard, modern way to phrase it.

No, for animals, you use 'mesu' (female) and 'osu' (male). 'Josei' is strictly for humans.

Yes, it generally implies an adult woman. For children, 'onna no ko' is used.

It is written as 女性. The first kanji is 'woman' and the second is 'gender/nature'.

The opposite is 'dansei' (男性), which means 'man' or 'male'.