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A1 noun #2,551 پرکاربردترین 15 دقیقه مطالعه

指示

shiji
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 指示 در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح 指示 in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are introduced to the word '指示' (shiji) as a basic noun meaning 'instruction' or 'direction'. At this early stage of language acquisition, the focus is on recognizing the word in simple, everyday contexts, particularly within the classroom environment. A1 learners will primarily hear this word used by their Japanese teachers. For example, a teacher might say, '先生の指示を聞いてください' (Sensei no shiji o kiite kudasai), which means 'Please listen to the teacher's instructions.' Understanding this word is essential for classroom management and ensuring that students know when they are expected to follow a specific procedure, such as opening a textbook, starting a test, or forming groups. At this level, learners are not expected to use the word actively in complex sentences or business contexts. Instead, the goal is passive recognition and basic comprehension. They should understand that '指示' implies a directive from an authority figure (like a teacher or a police officer) that needs to be followed. Vocabulary lists at the A1 level will often pair '指示' with simple verbs like '聞く' (kiku - to listen) or '見る' (miru - to look). The kanji '指示' might be introduced, but reading it in hiragana (しじ) is also common and acceptable for beginners. Overall, for an A1 learner, '指示' is a functional word that helps them navigate structured learning environments and basic daily interactions where simple rules or directions are being communicated.
As learners progress to the A2 level, their understanding and usage of '指示' (shiji) expand beyond mere passive recognition in the classroom. At this stage, learners begin to construct simple sentences using '指示' and pair it with a wider variety of verbs. They learn the crucial phrase '指示に従う' (shiji ni shitagau), which means 'to follow instructions.' This allows them to understand and express compliance with rules in public spaces, such as train stations, hospitals, or during emergency drills. For instance, an A2 learner should be able to comprehend a sign or an announcement that says, '係員の指示に従ってください' (Kakariin no shiji ni shitagatte kudasai - Please follow the staff's instructions). Furthermore, A2 learners are introduced to the verb form '指示する' (shiji suru - to instruct). They can use this to describe simple actions, such as '母が私に掃除を指示した' (Haha ga watashi ni souji o shiji shita - My mother instructed me to clean). They also begin to understand the concept of '指示通り' (shiji doori - as instructed), which is highly useful for confirming that a task was completed correctly. The focus at the A2 level is on practical, everyday situations where instructions are given and received, bridging the gap between basic classroom commands and the more complex instructional language they will encounter in real-world scenarios and future workplace environments.
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At the B1 level, the usage of '指示' (shiji) becomes significantly more sophisticated, moving firmly into professional and formal contexts. B1 learners are expected to navigate basic business Japanese, and '指示' is a cornerstone vocabulary word for this domain. Learners at this level will frequently use phrases like '指示を出す' (shiji o dasu - to issue instructions) and '指示を受ける' (shiji o ukeru - to receive instructions). They understand the hierarchical implications of the word—that '指示' flows from superiors to subordinates. A critical phrase introduced at this level is '指示を仰ぐ' (shiji o aogu - to ask for instructions/direction), which is essential for the Japanese business practice of 'Hou-Ren-Sou' (Reporting, Communicating, Consulting). B1 learners learn how to politely ask their boss what to do next using this phrase. Additionally, they start encountering compound words like '指示書' (shijisho - written instructions or directives). At this stage, learners must also become aware of the register and politeness levels associated with the word. They learn that they should not '指示する' their boss, but rather ask for 'ご指示' (goshiji - polite form of instructions). The ability to read and write the kanji '指示' fluently is expected at the B1 level. Mastery of '指示' at this stage empowers learners to participate effectively in Japanese work environments, understand detailed operational procedures, and communicate task-related information clearly and respectfully.
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At the B2 level, learners possess a strong command of '指示' (shiji) and can use it fluidly in complex, nuanced, and highly professional situations. They are no longer just learning the basic collocations; they are using the word to manage projects, discuss organizational structures, and navigate intricate workplace dynamics. B2 learners can comfortably use passive and causative verb forms with '指示', such as '上司に指示された通りに' (Joushi ni shiji sareta doori ni - exactly as instructed by the boss) or '部下に作業を指示させる' (Buka ni sagyou o shiji saseru - to make a subordinate give instructions). They are familiar with advanced vocabulary related to the word, such as '指示系統' (shiji keitou - chain of command) and can discuss issues like '指示系統の混乱' (confusion in the chain of command). At this level, learners can distinguish '指示' from similar words like '指導' (shidou - guidance), '命令' (meirei - command), and '指図' (sashizu - bossing around), understanding the subtle differences in tone, authority, and context. They can read complex manuals, legal documents, or technical specifications that rely heavily on instructional language. Furthermore, B2 learners can express frustration or critique regarding instructions, using phrases like '指示が不明確だ' (The instructions are unclear) or '的確な指示' (precise instructions). Their use of '指示' reflects a deep cultural understanding of Japanese hierarchical communication and professional etiquette.
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At the C1 level, the learner's use of '指示' (shiji) is near-native, characterized by a high degree of precision, adaptability, and sociolinguistic awareness. C1 learners can effortlessly deploy the word in highly abstract, academic, or executive-level business discussions. They understand the subtle implications of how instructions are delivered and received in Japanese society, recognizing that a '指示' can sometimes be implicit or indirect, requiring the receiver to 'read the air' (kuuki o yomu). They can comfortably use highly formal and humble expressions, such as 'ご指示を賜りたく存じます' (Goshiji o tamawaritaku zonjimasu - I humbly wish to receive your instructions), which is appropriate for communicating with high-ranking clients or executives. C1 learners can analyze and critique organizational behavior, discussing concepts like 'トップダウンの指示' (top-down instructions) versus autonomous decision-making. They are adept at handling crisis communication, where clear and immediate '指示' is critical, and can draft official company directives or policy documents. At this advanced stage, the word '指示' is not just a vocabulary item; it is a conceptual tool used to navigate and articulate the complex power dynamics, responsibilities, and operational flows within Japanese institutions. Their mastery allows them to lead teams, negotiate protocols, and communicate with absolute clarity and cultural appropriateness in any high-stakes environment.
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At the C2 level, the highest level of proficiency, the learner's understanding and application of '指示' (shiji) are indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. C2 learners possess an intuitive grasp of the word's etymology, its historical context, and its profound sociological implications within Japanese culture. They can seamlessly integrate '指示' into complex rhetorical structures, using it in literature, legal drafting, or high-level political discourse. They are capable of understanding and producing highly idiomatic or obscure usages of the word. A C2 learner can critically evaluate the effectiveness of '指示' within a systemic framework, discussing how ambiguous instructions can lead to systemic failures or legal liabilities. They can navigate the most delicate of social situations, knowing exactly when to use '指示' to assert authority and when to soften it to maintain harmony. They are fully capable of translating complex, culturally specific concepts related to '指示' between Japanese and their native language, capturing every nuance of tone, urgency, and hierarchy. At this level, the learner can play with the language, perhaps using '指示' ironically or metaphorically, demonstrating a complete and absolute mastery over the word and its place within the vast web of the Japanese lexicon.
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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

指示 در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Means 'instruction' or 'direction'.
  • Used heavily in schools and workplaces.
  • Often paired with verbs like 出す (issue) and 従う (follow).
  • Requires polite language (ご指示) when speaking to bosses.
The Japanese word '指示' (shiji) is a fundamental and highly versatile noun that translates primarily to 'instruction,' 'direction,' or 'designation' in English. To truly grasp the depth and utility of this word, one must first look at its kanji composition. It is composed of two characters: '指' (shi), which means 'finger' or 'to point,' and '示' (ji), which means 'to show,' 'to display,' or 'to indicate.' When combined, these characters literally convey the action of 'pointing and showing,' which perfectly encapsulates the act of giving instructions or directing someone on what to do, where to go, or how to perform a specific task. In practical, everyday usage, '指示' is employed across a remarkably wide array of contexts, ranging from simple classroom commands given by a teacher to complex, multi-step operational directives issued by a manager in a high-stakes corporate environment. Understanding this word is absolutely crucial for anyone learning Japanese, as it forms the very backbone of hierarchical communication, task execution, and social coordination in Japanese society. The concept of '指示' goes significantly beyond a mere suggestion or a casual piece of advice; it inherently implies a certain level of authority, responsibility, or expertise on the part of the person giving the instruction, coupled with a strong expectation of compliance, understanding, or execution on the part of the receiver. For instance, when a doctor gives strict medical instructions to a patient regarding their medication, or when a police officer directs heavy traffic at a busy intersection, the word '指示' is the most appropriate and accurate term to describe their authoritative actions. Furthermore, '指示' can refer to written guidelines, such as the detailed step-by-step instructions found in a technical manual, the prompt of a university examination, or the safety protocols on a construction site.
Noun Usage
Used as a standalone noun to represent the instruction itself (e.g., 'The instructions were clear').
Verb Usage (Suru-verb)
Combined with 'する' to form '指示する' (to instruct/direct).
Compound Usage
Forms words like '指示書' (written instructions) or '指示待ち' (waiting for instructions).
It is a highly versatile word that functions not only as a noun but also as a verb when combined with 'する' (suru), forming '指示する' (to instruct/direct). This dual functionality makes it an indispensable part of the Japanese vocabulary. As you delve deeper into the language, you will notice that '指示' is often paired with specific verbs to describe exactly how instructions are handled, processed, or communicated.

先生の指示をよく聞いてください。

Please listen carefully to the teacher's instructions.

部長から新しいプロジェクトの指示が出た。

Instructions for the new project were issued by the department head.

次の指示があるまでここで待機してください。

Please stand by here until there are further instructions.

彼は上司の指示通りに動いた。

He acted exactly according to his boss's instructions.

機械の操作については、画面の指示に従ってください。

Regarding the operation of the machine, please follow the on-screen instructions.
For example, '指示を出す' (shiji o dasu) means 'to issue instructions,' while '指示に従う' (shiji ni shitagau) means 'to follow instructions.' Another extremely common and culturally significant phrase is '指示を仰ぐ' (shiji o aogu), which translates to 'to ask for instructions' or 'to seek direction.' This particular phrase is frequently used in Japanese business settings when a subordinate respectfully needs guidance from a superior before proceeding with a task. The cultural weight of '指示' cannot be overstated. In a society that deeply values harmony (wa), order, and clear hierarchical roles, giving and receiving instructions correctly is a key component of social and professional competence. Misunderstanding or ignoring a '指示' can lead to confusion, costly mistakes, and a severe breakdown in teamwork. Therefore, mastering the usage of '指示' involves not just knowing its direct English translation, but also profoundly understanding the underlying social dynamics at play when instructions are given. It requires a keen awareness of polite language (keigo) and the appropriate level of directness or indirectness depending on the relationship between the speaker and the listener. In summary, '指示' is a powerful, ubiquitous, and essential word in the Japanese language that encapsulates the giving and receiving of directions, deeply tied to the structural, hierarchical, and cooperative aspects of Japanese communication and daily life.
Using the word '指示' (shiji) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical flexibility and the specific collocations it forms with various verbs. Because '指示' represents the abstract concept of an instruction or direction, it relies heavily on surrounding verbs to convey the action of giving, receiving, following, or requesting those instructions. The most basic way to use '指示' is as a direct object with the particle 'を' (o). When you want to say 'to give instructions,' the most natural and common phrase is '指示を出す' (shiji o dasu). This literally means 'to put out instructions' and is used by teachers, managers, and leaders. Conversely, if you are on the receiving end, you would use '指示を受ける' (shiji o ukeru), meaning 'to receive instructions.'
Giving Instructions
指示を出す (shiji o dasu) - Used by superiors to subordinates.
Following Instructions
指示に従う (shiji ni shitagau) - The act of obeying or complying with directions.
Requesting Instructions
指示を仰ぐ (shiji o aogu) - A humble way to ask a superior what to do next.
When it comes to acting upon the instructions, the verb '従う' (shitagau), meaning 'to follow' or 'to obey,' is paired with the particle 'に' (ni) to form '指示に従う' (shiji ni shitagau). This is a crucial phrase in both educational and professional environments, emphasizing compliance and proper procedure.

社長が全社員に指示を出しました。

The president issued instructions to all employees.

警察官の指示に従って避難してください。

Please evacuate following the police officer's instructions.

トラブルが発生した場合は、すぐに上司の指示を仰いでください。

If a problem occurs, please seek instructions from your boss immediately.

この書類は、クライアントの指示通りに修正しました。

I revised this document exactly as instructed by the client.

明確な指示がないと、チームは動けません。

Without clear instructions, the team cannot take action.
Another highly useful pattern is '指示通り' (shiji doori), which translates to 'as instructed' or 'according to the instructions.' The suffix '通り' (toori/doori) means 'in the way of' or 'following,' so '指示通りにやる' (shiji doori ni yaru) means 'to do it exactly as instructed.' This phrase is incredibly common in workplaces to confirm that a task was completed to the exact specifications requested. Beyond its use as a noun, '指示' easily transforms into a verb by appending 'する' (suru). '指示する' (shiji suru) means 'to instruct' or 'to direct.' For example, '彼に会議の準備を指示した' (Kare ni kaigi no junbi o shiji shita) means 'I instructed him to prepare for the meeting.' Notice that the person receiving the instruction is marked with the particle 'に' (ni), and the task being instructed is marked with 'を' (o). This structure is fundamental for describing delegated tasks. In more formal or written Japanese, you might encounter compound words like '指示書' (shijisho), which means 'written instructions' or 'directive,' and '指示系統' (shiji keitou), which refers to the 'chain of command.' Understanding these nuances and collocations will elevate your Japanese from a basic conversational level to a proficient, professional standard. It allows you to navigate complex social hierarchies and ensure that tasks are communicated and executed with precision. The mastery of '指示' is not just about vocabulary; it is about mastering the flow of action and responsibility in Japanese discourse.
The word '指示' (shiji) is ubiquitous in Japanese daily life, permeating various environments where guidance, rules, and structured tasks are present. One of the most common places you will hear this word is in the educational system, from elementary schools all the way up to universities. Teachers frequently use '指示' to manage their classrooms. You will hear phrases like '先生の指示を聞きなさい' (Sensei no shiji o kikinasai - Listen to the teacher's instructions) when students are being rowdy, or 'テストの指示を読みます' (Tesuto no shiji o yomimasu - I will read the test instructions) before an exam begins. In these contexts, '指示' establishes the framework for learning and maintaining order.
Workplace
The most frequent environment. Used in meetings, emails, and daily task management.
Schools
Used by teachers to direct students during classes, exams, and school events.
Public Spaces
Used by police, event staff, and emergency personnel to guide crowds safely.
However, the true domain of '指示' is the Japanese corporate workplace. The Japanese business environment is famously structured around clear hierarchies and meticulous processes. Here, '指示' is the lifeblood of daily operations. Managers give '指示' to their teams, and employees are expected to execute tasks '指示通り' (as instructed).

本日の業務に関する指示はメールで送信しました。

Instructions regarding today's tasks have been sent via email.

避難訓練では、係員の指示に速やかに従ってください。

During the evacuation drill, please follow the staff's instructions promptly.

カーナビの指示に従って運転した。

I drove following the instructions of the car navigation system.

監督の指示で、選手たちはフォーメーションを変えた。

At the coach's instruction, the players changed their formation.

お薬の飲み方については、薬剤師の指示を守ってください。

Regarding how to take your medicine, please follow the pharmacist's instructions.
In Japanese business culture, there is a well-known concept called '報連相' (Hou-Ren-Sou), which stands for Houkoku (Report), Renraku (Communicate), and Soudan (Consult). Within this framework, seeking '指示' (shiji o aogu) is a critical part of 'Soudan' (Consulting). When an employee encounters an unexpected problem, they do not typically make a unilateral decision; instead, they report the issue and ask for '指示' from their superior. This ensures that the chain of command is respected and that responsibility is properly managed. You will also encounter '指示' in public spaces and during events. For example, at a crowded concert, train station, or festival, security guards and staff will use megaphones to give '指示' to the crowd to ensure safety and smooth movement. In the event of a natural disaster, such as an earthquake or typhoon, emergency broadcasts will repeatedly urge citizens to follow the '指示' of local authorities and evacuation personnel. Furthermore, '指示' is prevalent in healthcare settings. Doctors give '指示' to nurses regarding patient care, and pharmacists give '指示' to patients on how to take their medication. Even in technology, software and applications provide '指示' (prompts or on-screen instructions) to guide users through setup processes. In essence, wherever there is a need for coordinated action, safety, learning, or professional execution in Japan, the word '指示' is guaranteed to be present, making it an indispensable term for navigating Japanese society.
While '指示' (shiji) is a common and straightforward word, learners of Japanese often make several nuanced mistakes regarding its usage, particularly concerning register, politeness, and its distinction from similar words. The most critical mistake is using '指示する' (to instruct) towards someone of a higher social or professional status. Because '指示' inherently implies a top-down flow of authority, telling your boss, your teacher, or a client '指示してください' (Please instruct me) can sound demanding, presumptuous, or even rude, as if you are commanding them to do their job.
Mistake 1: Using it towards superiors
Saying '社長に指示しました' (I instructed the president) is highly inappropriate. Use 'お願いしました' (I requested) instead.
Mistake 2: Forgetting the honorific 'ご'
When asking a superior for their instructions, always say 'ご指示' (goshiji), not just '指示'.
Mistake 3: Confusing with '教える'
'教える' means to teach or inform, while '指示' means to direct an action. Don't use '指示' when you just want someone to tell you a fact.
Instead, when you need guidance from a superior, you should use more humble and polite expressions. The correct and highly professional way to ask for instructions is 'ご指示を仰ぐ' (goshiji o aogu - to humbly seek instructions) or 'ご指示をお願いいたします' (goshiji o onegai itashimasu - I kindly request your instructions). Adding the honorific prefix 'ご' (go) is essential when referring to the instructions given *by* someone of higher status.

❌ 先生に宿題を指示しました。

✅ 先生に宿題について質問しました。

You cannot 'instruct' a teacher. You ask them questions.

❌ 部長、次の仕事を指示してください。

✅ 部長、次は何をすればよろしいでしょうか。ご指示をお願いします。

The first sentence is too direct and demanding for a boss.

❌ 友達にレストランの場所を指示した。

✅ 友達にレストランの場所を教えた。

'Shiji' is too formal and authoritative for friends. Use 'oshieru' (to tell/teach).

❌ お客様の指示を待っています。

✅ お客様からのご指示をお待ちしております。

When referring to a client's instructions, use Keigo (polite language).

❌ 道を指示してください。

✅ 道を教えてください。

When asking for simple directions on the street, 'oshieru' is natural, not 'shiji'.
Another common mistake is using '指示' in casual situations with friends or family. If you are organizing a casual dinner with friends and you tell them where to meet, using '指示する' sounds incredibly stiff and bossy, as if you are their military commander. In such casual contexts, it is much more natural to use verbs like '教える' (oshieru - to tell/teach), '伝える' (tsutaeru - to convey), or '連絡する' (renraku suru - to contact). '指示' should be reserved for formal, structured, or professional environments where clear roles and tasks are defined. Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse '指示' with '命令' (meirei). While both involve telling someone what to do, '命令' translates strictly to 'command' or 'order' and carries a much heavier, almost absolute weight (like a military order or a legal mandate). '指示' is softer than '命令'; it is an instruction on *how* to do something or *what* needs to be done to achieve a goal, rather than a blind command. Using '命令' in a standard office environment would sound overly dramatic and aggressive. By understanding these nuances—respecting hierarchy, using appropriate honorifics, and choosing the right register—you can avoid these common pitfalls and use '指示' with the precision of a native speaker.
The Japanese language is rich with vocabulary related to giving directions, teaching, and commanding. While '指示' (shiji) is one of the most common, understanding its synonyms and related terms will greatly enhance your ability to express nuances in authority, context, and intent. One of the most frequently confused words is '指導' (shidou). While '指示' means 'instruction' or 'direction' for a specific task, '指導' translates to 'guidance,' 'coaching,' or 'mentorship.' '指示' is usually short-term and task-oriented (e.g., 'Put this box over there'), whereas '指導' is long-term and developmental (e.g., a senior employee guiding a new hire over several months to improve their skills).
指導 (Shidou)
Guidance or coaching. Focuses on long-term development and teaching, rather than immediate task execution.
命令 (Meirei)
Command or order. Much stronger and more absolute than 'shiji'. Often used in military or strict hierarchical contexts.
案内 (Annai)
Guidance or information. Used for showing someone around a place or explaining a service, lacking the authoritative tone of 'shiji'.
Another closely related word is '命令' (meirei), which translates to 'command' or 'order.' As mentioned in the common mistakes section, '命令' is much stronger and more absolute than '指示'. A '命令' must be obeyed without question, often carrying severe consequences if ignored. It is used in military contexts, legal rulings, or very strict, traditional hierarchies. In a modern corporate office, a boss gives '指示' (instructions), not '命令' (commands), as the latter sounds too dictatorial.

新入社員に業務の指導を行う。

To provide guidance/coaching to new employees on their tasks. (Not just giving them one-off instructions).

裁判所から退去の命令が出た。

An eviction order was issued by the court. (Absolute command, not just an instruction).

美術館の館内を案内します。

I will guide you around the art museum. (Showing the way, no authority involved).

会議の日時を指定してください。

Please designate/specify the date and time for the meeting.

現場の責任者が作業員に指図する。

The site manager directs the workers. (Sashizu is very similar to shiji, but slightly more colloquial and sometimes has a negative 'bossing around' nuance).
Then there is '指定' (shitei), which means 'designation' or 'specification.' While '指示' is about telling someone *what to do*, '指定' is about *selecting or specifying a particular thing*. For example, '指定席' (shiteiseki) means 'reserved seat' (a designated seat). You might receive a '指示' (instruction) to sit in a '指定' (designated) area. We also have '指図' (sashizu), which is very similar in meaning to '指示' but carries a slightly different nuance. '指図' often implies bossing someone around or interfering. If someone is giving you unwanted orders, you might say '指図しないで！' (Sashizu shinaide! - Don't boss me around!). You would rarely say '指示しないで' in this emotional context. Finally, '案内' (annai) means 'guidance' in the sense of showing someone around or providing information. A tour guide provides '案内', not '指示'. By distinguishing '指示' from '指導' (mentorship), '命令' (strict command), '指定' (specification), '指図' (bossing around), and '案内' (tour guiding), you can select the perfect word for your specific situation, demonstrating a high level of fluency and cultural awareness.

چقدر رسمی است؟

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

Noun + 通り (doori) - As per / According to (e.g., 指示通り)

Te-form + ください (kudasai) - Please do (e.g., 指示に従ってください)

Honorific prefix ご (go) - Used for respect (e.g., ご指示)

Passive form (れる/られる) - To be instructed (e.g., 指示される)

Causative form (せる/させる) - To make someone instruct (e.g., 指示させる)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

先生の指示を聞きます。

I listen to the teacher's instructions.

Uses the basic verb 聞く (kiku - to listen) with the object particle を (o).

2

指示を見てください。

Please look at the instructions.

Uses the te-form of 見る (miru) + ください for a polite request.

3

これは大切な指示です。

This is an important instruction.

Uses the na-adjective 大切 (taisetsu - important) modifying the noun 指示.

4

指示がわかりません。

I don't understand the instructions.

Uses the negative form of わかる (wakaru - to understand) with the subject particle が (ga).

5

テストの指示を読みます。

I will read the test instructions.

Noun + の (no) + Noun structure to specify the type of instructions.

6

母の指示で部屋を掃除しました。

I cleaned the room by my mother's instruction.

Uses the particle で (de) to indicate the cause or basis of the action.

7

指示はどこですか。

Where are the instructions?

Simple question using どこ (doko - where).

8

新しい指示があります。

There are new instructions.

Uses the i-adjective 新しい (atarashii - new) and the verb あります (arimasu - to exist/have).

1

警察の指示に従ってください。

Please follow the police's instructions.

Introduces the crucial collocation 指示に従う (shiji ni shitagau - to follow instructions).

2

社長が指示を出しました。

The company president issued instructions.

Introduces the collocation 指示を出す (shiji o dasu - to issue instructions).

3

指示通りに仕事を終わらせました。

I finished the work exactly as instructed.

Uses the suffix 通り (toori/doori) meaning 'as' or 'according to'.

4

次の指示を待っています。

I am waiting for the next instructions.

Uses the te-iru form 待っている (matte iru) to show an ongoing state.

5

画面の指示をよく読んでください。

Please read the on-screen instructions carefully.

Uses the adverb よく (yoku - carefully/well) before the verb.

6

彼に荷物を運ぶように指示しました。

I instructed him to carry the luggage.

Uses ように指示する (you ni shiji suru) to instruct someone to do a specific action.

7

指示が聞こえませんでした。

I couldn't hear the instructions.

Uses the potential verb 聞こえる (kikoeru - to be audible) in the negative past tense.

8

医者の指示で薬を飲んでいます。

I am taking medicine according to the doctor's instructions.

Uses 指示で (shiji de) to indicate the reason or basis for an ongoing action.

1

トラブルがあったので、部長の指示を仰ぎました。

Because there was a problem, I sought instructions from the department manager.

Introduces the business phrase 指示を仰ぐ (shiji o aogu - to seek instructions).

2

具体的な指示がないと、作業を進めることができません。

Without specific instructions, we cannot proceed with the work.

Uses the conditional と (to) and the potential form できない (dekinai).

3

お客様からのご指示をお待ちしております。

We are waiting for your instructions, dear customer.

Uses the honorific prefix ご (go) and humble verb form お待ちしております (omachishite orimasu).

4

マニュアルの指示に従って、機械を操作してください。

Please operate the machine by following the instructions in the manual.

Combines a te-form clause (従って) with a request (操作してください).

5

彼はいつも指示待ちで、自分から動こうとしない。

He is always waiting for instructions and doesn't try to act on his own.

Introduces the compound noun 指示待ち (shiji-machi - waiting for instructions) and the volitional form + としない.

6

本日のスケジュールは、別紙の指示書を確認してください。

For today's schedule, please check the attached written instructions.

Introduces the compound word 指示書 (shijisho - written instructions).

7

現場の責任者から、直ちに作業を中止するよう指示を受けた。

I received instructions from the site manager to stop work immediately.

Uses 指示を受ける (shiji o ukeru - to receive instructions) and the adverb 直ちに (tadachi ni - immediately).

8

適切な指示を出すのが、リーダーの役割です。

Giving appropriate instructions is the role of a leader.

Uses nominalization with の (no) to make 'giving instructions' the subject of the sentence.

1

上司から指示された通りに資料を作成したはずだが、修正を求められた。

I was supposed to have created the documents exactly as instructed by my boss, but I was asked to revise them.

Uses the passive form 指示された (shiji sareta) + 通りに (doori ni) and the expectation grammar はずだ (hazu da).

2

災害時には、指示系統が混乱しないようにすることが最優先である。

In times of disaster, ensuring that the chain of command does not fall into confusion is the top priority.

Introduces 指示系統 (shiji keitou - chain of command) and ようにする (you ni suru - to make an effort to).

3

あのマネージャーは指示が曖昧で、部下がいつも困惑している。

That manager's instructions are vague, and his subordinates are always confused.

Uses the na-adjective 曖昧 (aimai - vague/ambiguous) to describe the instructions.

4

ご指示いただいた件につきまして、現在対応を進めております。

Regarding the matter you instructed us on, we are currently proceeding with the response.

Highly formal business Japanese using いただいた (itadaita) and につきまして (ni tsukimashite).

5

現場の状況が刻一刻と変わる中、的確な指示を出す能力が問われる。

As the situation on the ground changes moment by moment, the ability to issue precise instructions is put to the test.

Uses advanced vocabulary like 刻一刻 (kokuikkoku - moment by moment) and 的確な (tekikaku na - precise).

6

法律の規定により、行政機関は必要な指示を行うことができる。

According to legal provisions, administrative organs can issue necessary instructions.

Formal written style using により (ni yori - according to) and 行う (okonau - to carry out).

7

彼は誰の指図も受けず、自分の判断だけで動くタイプだ。

He is the type who doesn't take orders from anyone and acts solely on his own judgment.

Uses the related word 指図 (sashizu) in a negative context to emphasize independence or stubbornness.

8

今後の対応方針について、社長の指示を仰ぎたいと存じます。

I would like to humbly seek the president's instructions regarding our future response policy.

Uses the humble verb 存じます (zonjimasu) combined with the desire form たい (tai).

1

経営陣からのトップダウンの指示だけでは、現場のモチベーションは維持できない。

Field motivation cannot be maintained solely through top-down instructions from management.

Uses business terminology トップダウン (top-down) and the potential negative 維持できない (iji dekinai).

2

本件に関する最終的な判断は、関係省庁からの通達および指示を待って下すこととする。

The final decision regarding this matter will be made after waiting for notifications and instructions from the relevant ministries.

Highly formal, bureaucratic language using 通達 (tsuutatsu - notification) and こととする (koto to suru - it is decided that).

3

指示が二転三転し、プロジェクトチーム全体に徒労感が蔓延した。

The instructions changed repeatedly, and a sense of wasted effort spread throughout the entire project team.

Uses the idiom 二転三転 (nitensanten - changing repeatedly) and advanced vocabulary 徒労感 (toroukan - sense of futility).

4

部下に自律性を促すためには、細かな指示を出すマイクロマネジメントを控えるべきだ。

To encourage autonomy in subordinates, one should refrain from micromanagement, which involves issuing overly detailed instructions.

Discusses management theory using 自律性 (jiritsusei - autonomy) and 控えるべきだ (hikaeru beki da - should refrain from).

5

ご指示の趣旨は重々承知しておりますが、現状のシステムでは実装が困難でございます。

I fully understand the intent of your instructions, but implementation is difficult with the current system.

Advanced Keigo using 趣旨 (shushi - intent), 重々承知 (juujuu shouchi - fully aware), and 困難でございます (konnan de gozaimasu).

6

緊急事態宣言下においては、知事の指示に法的拘束力が伴う場合がある。

Under a state of emergency, the governor's instructions may be accompanied by legal binding force.

Legal/political context using 法的拘束力 (houteki kousokuryoku - legal binding force) and 伴う (tomonau - to accompany).

7

マニュアル化された指示をこなすだけの業務は、いずれAIに代替されるだろう。

Tasks that merely involve executing manualized instructions will eventually be replaced by AI.

Uses the passive 代替される (daitai sareru - to be replaced) and マニュアル化された (manualized).

8

彼は言葉による明確な指示がなくとも、暗黙の了解で動くことができる優秀な右腕だ。

He is an excellent right-hand man who can act on unspoken agreements even without clear verbal instructions.

Uses the cultural concept 暗黙の了解 (anmoku no ryoukai - unspoken agreement/tacit understanding).

1

今回の不祥事は、現場の独断ではなく、上層部からの暗黙の指示による組織ぐるみの隠蔽工作であったと言わざるを得ない。

It must be said that this scandal was not the independent action of the field staff, but an organizational cover-up driven by implicit instructions from upper management.

Highly complex sentence using 独断 (dokudan - acting on one's own), 暗黙の指示 (anmoku no shiji - implicit instructions), and 言わざるを得ない (iwazaru o enai - cannot help but say).

2

法解釈のグレーゾーンにおいて、行政指導という名の事実上の指示が横行している現状には疑義を呈したい。

I would like to express my doubts about the current situation where de facto instructions, under the guise of administrative guidance, are rampant in the gray zones of legal interpretation.

Academic/political critique using 行政指導 (gyousei shidou - administrative guidance), 事実上の (jijitsujou no - de facto), and 疑義を呈したい (gigi o teishitai - want to express doubt).

3

いかに精緻な指示書を作成しようとも、それを受け取る側のリテラシーが欠如していれば、画餅に帰す。

No matter how elaborate a written directive is created, if the receiving end lacks the literacy to understand it, it will end up as a mere pie in the sky.

Uses the literary structure いかに〜ようとも (no matter how...) and the idiom 画餅に帰す (gabeini kisu - to come to nothing/pie in the sky).

4

彼は、上司の指示の行間を読み、求められている以上の成果を上げることに長けている。

He excels at reading between the lines of his boss's instructions and delivering results that exceed what is required.

Uses the idiom 行間を読む (gyoukan o yomu - to read between the lines) and 長けている (takete iru - to excel at).

5

指示待ち症候群に陥った組織を活性化させるには、抜本的な権限委譲が不可欠である。

To revitalize an organization that has fallen into 'waiting-for-instructions syndrome,' radical delegation of authority is essential.

Uses the sociological term 指示待ち症候群 (shiji-machi shoukougun) and 抜本的な権限委譲 (bapponteki na kengen ijou - radical delegation of authority).

6

現場への過度な指示は、かえって彼らの思考停止を招き、不測の事態への対応力を削ぐ結果となる。

Excessive instructions to the field staff paradoxically lead to a suspension of their critical thinking, resulting in a diminished capacity to handle unforeseen circumstances.

Advanced vocabulary: 思考停止 (shikou teishi - suspension of thought), 不測の事態 (fusoku no jitai - unforeseen circumstances), 削ぐ (sogu - to diminish).

7

その指示は、法的な根拠を欠くばかりか、道義的にも到底容認できるものではない。

That instruction not only lacks legal basis but is also morally completely unacceptable.

Uses the grammar 〜ばかりか (not only...) and 到底〜ない (toutei... nai - absolutely cannot).

8

複雑極まる現代社会において、単一の指示系統で全てを統制しようとする試みは、もはや時代錯誤と言えよう。

In our extremely complex modern society, the attempt to control everything through a single chain of command can only be called anachronistic.

Uses 複雑極まる (fukuzatsu kiwamaru - extremely complex) and 時代錯誤 (jidaisakugo - anachronism).

مترادف‌ها

指令 命令 指図 指導 指南

متضادها

実行 報告

ترکیب‌های رایج

指示を出す (issue instructions)
指示に従う (follow instructions)
指示を仰ぐ (seek instructions)
指示を受ける (receive instructions)
指示通り (as instructed)
具体的な指示 (specific instructions)
明確な指示 (clear instructions)
適切な指示 (appropriate instructions)
指示待ち (waiting for instructions)
指示系統 (chain of command)

عبارات رایج

ご指示をお願いいたします (Please give me your instructions)
指示通りにやりました (I did it as instructed)
次の指示を待ってください (Please wait for the next instructions)
先生の指示を聞きなさい (Listen to the teacher's instructions)
画面の指示に従う (Follow the on-screen instructions)
指示が不明確です (The instructions are unclear)
指示を仰ぎたいのですが (I would like to ask for your instructions)
指示が二転三転する (Instructions change repeatedly)
指示待ち人間 (A person who only waits for instructions)
係員の指示に従う (Follow the staff's instructions)

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

指示 vs 指導 (shidou) - Guidance/coaching. Long-term teaching vs. short-term task direction.

指示 vs 命令 (meirei) - Command/order. Absolute and strict vs. operational direction.

指示 vs 指図 (sashizu) - Bossing around. Has a negative, interfering nuance compared to the neutral 'shiji'.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"指示を仰ぐ (to look up for instructions - seek guidance)"
"指示が飛ぶ (instructions fly - orders are given rapidly)"
"指示系統が麻痺する (the chain of command is paralyzed)"
"指示待ちに陥る (to fall into a state of waiting for instructions)"
"暗黙の指示 (implicit instructions)"
"トップダウンの指示 (top-down instructions)"
"指示を徹底する (to ensure instructions are fully understood and followed)"
"指示に背く (to disobey instructions)"
"的確な指示を飛ばす (to issue precise instructions quickly)"
"ご指示を賜る (to humbly receive instructions)"

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

指示 vs

指示 vs

指示 vs

指示 vs

指示 vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

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نحوه استفاده

nuance

Implies authority. The person giving the 'shiji' is assumed to be in charge or knowledgeable.

formality

Highly formal. Used in professional, educational, and official contexts.

colloquialism

Rarely used in casual conversation among close friends, where '教える' (oshieru) or '言う' (iu) is preferred.

اشتباهات رایج
  • Using '指示する' towards a boss or teacher (sounds rude and demanding).
  • Forgetting to add 'ご' (go) when referring to a superior's instructions (ご指示).
  • Using '指示' with friends for casual plans instead of '教える' (oshieru).
  • Using the particle 'を' instead of 'に' with the verb 従う (should be 指示に従う).
  • Confusing '指示' (instruction) with '指導' (long-term guidance/mentorship).

نکات

Particle Pairing

Always remember: 指示を出す (issue) uses 'を', but 指示に従う (follow) uses 'に'.

Hou-Ren-Sou

Seeking '指示' is a core part of Japanese business communication. Don't guess; ask for instructions!

Use 'Go-shiji'

Never just say '指示' when talking about your boss's orders. Always elevate it to 'ご指示'.

Suffix 'Doori'

Add '通り' (doori) to make '指示通り' (as instructed). It's a lifesaver in the office.

Avoid 'Shiji-machi'

While following instructions is good, being a 'shiji-machi' (waiting for instructions) shows a lack of initiative.

Pitch Accent

Pronounce it SHI-ji (Atamadaka). The pitch drops after the first syllable.

Finger and Show

Remember the kanji: 指 (finger) + 示 (show). You point a finger to show someone what to do.

Don't Instruct Bosses

Never use '指示する' towards a superior. It sounds incredibly rude and bossy.

Shiji vs Meirei

Use '指示' for normal tasks. Save '命令' (meirei) for strict, absolute commands like in the military.

Emergency Announcements

In Japan, always listen for '係員の指示に従ってください' during emergencies or train delays.

حفظ کنید

ریشه کلمه

Combined, they literally mean 'to point and show', evolving to mean directing someone's actions.

بافت فرهنگی

The business practice of Reporting, Communicating, and Consulting, where seeking 'shiji' is vital.

Always use 'ご指示' (goshiji) when referring to instructions from a boss or client.

A modern social critique of employees who lack initiative and only move when given a 'shiji'.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"部長、次のプロジェクトについてご指示をお願いできますでしょうか。(Manager, could I ask for your instructions regarding the next project?)"

"すみません、この機械の使い方の指示はどこに書いてありますか。(Excuse me, where are the instructions for using this machine written?)"

"先生の指示がよく聞こえなかったんだけど、何て言ってた？(I couldn't hear the teacher's instructions well, what did they say?)"

"ナビの指示通りに来たのに、道に迷ってしまった。(I came exactly according to the navigation's instructions, but I got lost.)"

"緊急時は、必ず館内放送の指示に従ってください。(In an emergency, please be sure to follow the instructions on the PA system.)"

موضوعات نگارش

Write about a time you had to follow difficult instructions (指示).

Describe the 'chain of command' (指示系統) at your workplace or school.

Have you ever misunderstood a '指示'? What happened?

Why is it important to ask for 'ご指示' in Japanese business culture?

Write a short manual giving '指示' on how to cook your favorite meal.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

It is generally not recommended. '指示' sounds very formal and authoritative. If you tell a friend '指示する' (I will instruct you), it sounds like you are acting like their boss. Instead, use '教える' (oshieru - to tell/teach) or '連絡する' (renraku suru - to contact).

'命令' (meirei) means a strict command or order, often with severe consequences if disobeyed (like in the military). '指示' (shiji) is softer; it means an instruction or direction on how to do a task. In a normal office, bosses give '指示', not '命令'.

The most professional phrase is 'ご指示を仰ぐ' (goshiji o aogu), which means 'to humbly seek instructions.' You can say to your boss, '次は何をすべきか、ご指示を仰ぎたいのですが' (I would like to seek your instructions on what to do next).

'指示待ち人間' (shiji-machi ningen) literally means 'a person waiting for instructions.' It is a negative term used in Japanese business to describe an employee who lacks initiative and only does work when explicitly told to do so by a superior.

Adding the honorific prefix 'ご' (go) makes the word polite (Keigo). You use 'ご指示' when referring to instructions given *by* someone of higher status, like a boss, a teacher, or a client, to show respect for their authority.

You must use the particle 'に' (ni). The correct phrase is '指示に従う' (shiji ni shitagau). This translates to 'to follow the instructions' or 'to comply with the directions.'

It is primarily a noun meaning 'instruction'. However, it is a 'suru-verb', meaning you can add 'する' (suru) to the end to make it the verb '指示する' (to instruct / to direct).

A '指示書' (shijisho) is a written document containing instructions or directives. It is commonly used in manufacturing, IT, and corporate environments to ensure tasks are completed exactly as required.

You can say '指示通り' (shiji doori). '通り' means 'in the way of' or 'according to'. So, '指示通りにやりました' means 'I did it exactly as instructed.'

Yes, Japanese has many homophones. '支持' means support (like supporting a political party), and '私事' means a personal matter. You must rely on the kanji or the context of the sentence to know which 'shiji' is being used.

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指示 Chino

واژه‌های بیشتر Communication

謝罪

A1

عذرخواهی رسمی یا ابراز تاسف برای یک اشتباه یا تخلف. معمولاً در زمینه‌های حرفه‌ای یا رسمی برای پذیرش تقصیر استفاده می‌شود.

口論

A1

مشاجره لفظی یا بحث بین افراد که شامل برخورد نظرات یا احساسات است.

仮定

A1

عمل فرض کردن چیزی به عنوان حقیقت برای استدلال. یک فرض منطقی.

注意

A1

توجه یا احتیاط. 'مراقب ماشین‌ها باشید' (車に注意してください) و 'معلم به من تذکر داد' (先生に注意された).

雑談

A1

یک گفتگوی غیررسمی یا گپ و گفت کوتاه درباره موضوعات سبک و مختلف بدون هدفی خاص.

世間話

A1

سکن‌باناشی به گفتگوی معمولی یا «گپ‌وگفت» درباره زندگی روزمره یا موضوعات عمومی اشاره دارد.

通信

A1

به معنای انتقال اطلاعات یا سیگنال‌ها از راه دور است. معمولاً در زمینه اینترنت و مخابرات استفاده می‌شود.

構想

A1

یک طرح مفهومی یا دیدگاه برای یک پروژه بزرگ.

確認

B1

عمل بررسی یا تأیید اطلاعات.

連絡

A1

رنراکو به معنای تماس گرفتن یا مطلع کردن کسی است. این یک کلمه اساسی برای هماهنگی‌های اجتماعی و حرفه‌ای در ژاپن است.

مفید بود؟

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