این صفحه به زبان شما
English العربية Deutsch Español Français 日本語 한국어 Português 中文 हिन्दी
A1 adjective 8 دقیقه مطالعه

ძვირი

Expensive

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'dzviri' means 'expensive.' You will use it in very simple sentences like 'This is expensive' (Es dzviria) or 'Expensive bread' (Dzviri puri). It is one of the first adjectives you learn because it is essential for shopping and eating out. You should focus on the basic nominative form and how it changes slightly when you add 'is' (dzvir-ia). At this stage, don't worry about complex grammar; just use it to describe things you see in shops. You might also learn 'dzalian dzviri' (very expensive) to express your feelings about prices. It's a key survival word for any tourist in Georgia.
At the A2 level, you begin to use 'dzviri' in more varied contexts. You can start comparing items using 'ufro dzviri' (more expensive). You will also learn to use it with plural nouns, although the adjective itself doesn't change form (e.g., 'dzviri sapatsmebi' - expensive shoes). You should be able to ask questions about prices, such as 'Ratom aris ase dzviri?' (Why is it so expensive?). You are also introduced to the opposite word 'iapi' (cheap) and can make basic comparisons between two products. You might start noticing how the word is used in short dialogues at the market.
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
At the B1 level, you move beyond simple descriptions. You learn the verbal form 'gadzvireba' (to become expensive/price increase). You can discuss trends, like 'Life is becoming more expensive' (Tskhovreba dzvirdeba). You also start to distinguish between 'dzviri' (expensive) and 'dzvirpasi' (precious/dear). You can use 'dzviri' in more complex sentence structures with conjunctions like 'tumsats' (although) or 'radgan' (because). For example: 'I bought it although it was expensive.' You also begin to understand the adverbial form 'dzvirad' used with verbs like 'ghirs' (to cost) or 'kidva' (to buy).
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
At the B2 level, you use 'dzviri' and its derivatives with nuance. You understand formal terms like 'dzviradghirebuli' and can use them in professional or academic writing. You can discuss economic concepts like inflation and 'gadzvirebis tendentsia' (the tendency of price increases). You are comfortable with idioms involving the word, such as 'dzvirad daujda' (it cost him dearly, often in a metaphorical sense). Your vocabulary includes synonyms for different registers, and you can explain why something might be considered 'dzviri' using sophisticated justifications regarding quality and market demand.
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
At the C1 level, 'dzviri' is just one tool in a vast arsenal of economic and evaluative vocabulary. You can use it in literary or highly formal contexts. You understand the historical etymology of the word and how it relates to other Caucasian languages or ancient Georgian roots. You can engage in deep debates about 'dzviri tskhovreba' (the expensive life/high cost of living) and its social implications. You use the word in complex metaphorical ways, discussing the 'expensive' nature of freedom or political choices. You are also sensitive to the subtle connotations of using 'dzviri' versus more technical terms like 'maghalpasi' (high-priced).
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
At the C2 level, your mastery of 'dzviri' is indistinguishable from a native speaker. You can use it in puns, wordplay, and high-level rhetoric. You understand the most obscure idioms and historical usages. You can analyze the use of 'dzviri' in Georgian classical literature and how its meaning has shifted over centuries. You can write persuasive essays on economic policy where 'dzviri' and its derivatives are used to convey precise shades of meaning. You are also able to navigate the most complex social negotiations where the word 'dzviri' is used as a subtle linguistic tool rather than just a descriptor of price.
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

ძვირი در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Dzviri is the Georgian word for 'expensive'.
  • It is used for high prices in shops and services.
  • The opposite is 'iapi', which means 'cheap'.
  • It can also mean 'dearly' in a metaphorical sense.

The Georgian word ძვირი (dzviri) is a fundamental adjective used primarily to describe the high cost of goods, services, or experiences. At its core, it translates to "expensive" or "costly" in English. However, in the context of Georgian culture, where hospitality and the value of exchange are deeply rooted, the word carries significant weight in daily social interactions, particularly in the bustling markets (bazari) and the growing urban retail landscape of cities like Tbilisi and Batumi.

Literal Meaning
Refers to a price that is high or exceeds the expected value of an item.
Economic Context
Used when discussing inflation, the cost of living, or comparing prices between different vendors.

ეს მანქანა ძალიან ძვირია. (This car is very expensive.)

Historically, the word shares a root with 'dzvirpasi' (precious), suggesting that in ancient times, something expensive was inherently something of great value or rarity. Today, while it is most commonly used for monetary cost, it can also be used metaphorically to describe a high personal or emotional price paid for a decision. For instance, a mistake can be 'expensive' in terms of consequences. In the modern Georgian economy, where tourism is a major factor, you will frequently hear this word in discussions regarding restaurant prices, hotel bookings, and real estate.

Social Register
It is a neutral term, appropriate for both formal business meetings and casual conversations with friends.

თბილისში ბინის ქირაობა ძვირი გახდა. (Renting an apartment in Tbilisi has become expensive.)

Understanding 'dzviri' also requires understanding its opposite, 'iapi' (cheap). Georgians often contrast the two when evaluating quality. There is a common sentiment that if something is too 'iapi', its quality might be questionable, whereas 'dzviri' items are expected to be 'khariskhiani' (high quality). This linguistic pair is essential for anyone navigating the Georgian marketplace. Furthermore, the word appears in various grammatical forms depending on its position in the sentence, taking the nominative '-i' ending when used as a predicate or a standalone adjective.

ეს კაბა ჩემთვის ძვირია. (This dress is expensive for me.)

Using ძვირი correctly involves understanding basic Georgian syntax and adjective-noun agreement. In Georgian, adjectives usually precede the noun they modify. When the adjective 'dzviri' precedes a noun, it stays in its basic form, but when it serves as the predicate of the sentence (e.g., 'The book is expensive'), it takes the suffix '-ia', which is a shortened form of the verb 'to be' (aris).

Attributive Use
ძვირი საათი (An expensive watch). Here, 'dzviri' describes the watch directly.
Predicative Use
საათი ძვირია (The watch is expensive). The '-ia' ending functions as the verb 'is'.

არ მინდა ძვირი საჩუქარი. (I don't want an expensive gift.)

To intensify the meaning, you can add adverbs like 'dzalian' (very) or 'sakmaod' (quite). 'ძალიან ძვირია' (It is very expensive) is perhaps one of the most useful phrases for a traveler. If you are comparing two items, you would use the comparative construction. For example, 'This is more expensive than that' would be 'ეს იმაზე ძვირია'. Notice how the object of comparison takes the postposition '-ze'.

რატომ არის ასე ძვირი? (Why is it so expensive?)

When talking about price increases, the verb 'gadzvirda' (became expensive) is used. This is the verbal form derived from the adjective root. For example, 'Benzini gadzvirda' (Petrol has become more expensive). This is a very common topic of conversation in Georgia, often accompanied by a sigh or a gesture of frustration. Understanding the transition from adjective (dzviri) to verb (gadzvireba) is key for intermediate learners.

Plural Forms
In Georgian, adjectives usually don't change for plurality when they precede the noun. 'ძვირი ბინები' (Expensive apartments). However, if the noun is implied, you might see 'ძვირები' (the expensive ones).

ეს პროდუქტები საკმაოდ ძვირია. (These products are quite expensive.)

The word ძვირი is omnipresent in Georgian daily life. From the high-end boutiques on Rustaveli Avenue to the vegetable stalls in the Dezerter Bazaar, price is a constant topic of negotiation and discussion. In the bazaar, you'll hear shoppers exclaiming 'dzviria!' as a tactical move to lower the price. The vendor might respond by justifying the quality, but the word 'dzviri' acts as the opening bell for the haggling process.

In the Media
News reports frequently use 'dzviri' when discussing the 'samomkhmareblo kalata' (consumer basket) or the rise in utility prices. Headlines like 'Gadzvirebuli tskhovreba' (Increased cost of living) are common.

ბაზარში ყველაფერი ძვირია. (Everything in the market is expensive.)

In social settings, friends might use it when planning an evening out. 'Ese restorani dzviria, skhvagan tsevidet' (This restaurant is expensive, let's go elsewhere). It's also used in the context of real estate, which is a major talking point in Georgia today. With the influx of foreigners and the development of luxury high-rises, the word 'dzviri' is often paired with 'ubani' (neighborhood) to describe prestigious areas like Vake or Vera.

ეს სასტუმრო ძალიან ძვირი ღირს. (This hotel costs very much/is very expensive.)

Finally, you will hear it in the workplace. Project managers might discuss 'dzviri resursebi' (expensive resources) or 'dzviri tekhnologia' (expensive technology). In these contexts, it's less about a complaint and more about a budgetary reality. Whether it's the price of a 'shoti' bread at the local bakery or the cost of a wedding at a grand hall, 'dzviri' is the linguistic yardstick by which Georgians measure the material world.

Common Collocations
'Dzvirad kidva' (buying at a high price), 'dzvirad gakidva' (selling at a high price), 'dzviri mshvildosani' (expensive archer - though this is a specific idiom, it shows the versatility).

One of the most frequent mistakes for English speakers is confusing ძვირი (dzviri) with ძვირფასი (dzvirpasi). While both share the same root, 'dzviri' strictly refers to monetary cost, whereas 'dzvirpasi' means 'precious,' 'dear,' or 'valuable' in an emotional or intrinsic sense. You would call your mother 'dzvirpasi dediko,' but calling her 'dzviri dediko' would imply she is expensive to maintain, which is likely not what you mean!

Grammar Error: Adjective Agreement
Learners often try to decline the adjective when it precedes a noun in the nominative case. Remember: 'dzviri tsigni' (expensive book), not 'dzviri tsignia' unless you mean 'The book is expensive'.

❌ ეს არის ძვირია სახლი. (Incorrect)
✅ ეს არის ძვირი სახლი. (Correct - This is an expensive house.)

Another common pitfall is the use of 'dzviri' with the verb 'to cost' (ghirs). In English, we say 'It is expensive' or 'It costs a lot.' In Georgian, you can say 'dzviria' (it is expensive) or 'dzvirad ghirs' (it costs dearly/expensively). A common mistake is saying 'dzviri ghirs,' which is grammatically awkward. The adverbial form 'dzvirad' should be used with the verb 'ghirs'.

Pronunciation can also be a hurdle. The 'dz' sound (ძ) is a voiced alveolar affricate, like the 'ds' in 'roads.' English speakers often mispronounce it as a simple 'z' or 'd.' Practicing the 'dz' sound is crucial for being understood. Additionally, the 'r' in Georgian is slightly trilled. Mispronouncing 'dzviri' can sometimes lead to confusion with other words, though there are few direct homophones that cause serious issues.

Confusing with 'Fasiani'
'Pasiani' means something has a price (it's not free). 'Dzviri' means that price is high. Don't use 'pasiani' when you want to complain about the cost.

While ძვირი is the standard word for 'expensive,' Georgian offers several synonyms and related terms that can add nuance to your speech. Depending on the context—whether you're talking about a luxury item, a rip-off, or a high-value asset—you might choose a different word.

ძვირადღირებული (Dzviradghirebuli)
This literally means 'high-cost' or 'high-valued.' It is more formal and is often used in advertising or official reports. For example: 'dzviradghirebuli avtomobili' (a high-value automobile).
ფასდაუდებელი (Pasdaudebeli)
This means 'priceless.' While 'dzviri' means the price is high, 'pasdaudebeli' means the value is so high it cannot be measured in money. Use this for art or historical artifacts.

ეს ძვირადღირებული საათია. (This is a high-cost/luxury watch.)

In slang or informal settings, you might hear people say 'tsatshvdenili' (reaching the sky) to describe prices that have skyrocketed. Another useful term is 'khalkhis dzartva' (robbing the people), used when someone feels a price is unfairly high. On the other hand, if you want to emphasize that something is worth its high price, you might use 'dzvirpasi' (precious/valuable).

For the opposite of 'dzviri,' the most common word is იაფი (iapi), meaning cheap. If you want a more positive spin on a low price, use 'khelmisatsvdomi' (accessible/affordable). In a business context, you might use 'biujeturi' (budget-friendly). Knowing these alternatives allows you to navigate Georgian social and commercial environments with much greater precision and cultural sensitivity.

Summary Table
  • Dzviri: Standard 'expensive'.
  • Dzviradghirebuli: Formal 'high-cost'.
  • Pasiani: Simply 'not free'.
  • Iapi: 'Cheap'.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

"პროდუქციის თვითღირებულება საკმაოდ ძვირია."

خنثی

"ეს მანქანა ძვირია."

نکته جالب

The root 'dzvir-' is also found in 'dzvirpasi', which is the standard word for 'precious'. This shows that in the Georgian worldview, something expensive was historically linked to being cherished.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /dzviri/
US /dzviri/
In Georgian, stress is subtle and usually falls on the first syllable in three-syllable words, but in 'dzviri', it is relatively flat with a slight emphasis on the first syllable.
هم‌قافیه با
ხშირი (khshiri - frequent) გმირი (gmiri - hero) პირი (piri - mouth/edge) ნიორი (niori - garlic - partial rhyme) ყვირილი (kvirili - shouting - partial rhyme) ფრთხილი (prtkhili - cautious) ტკბილი (tkbili - sweet) თბილი (tbili - warm)
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing 'dz' as just 'z'.
  • Pronouncing 'dz' as just 'd'.
  • Making the 'v' sound like a 'w'.
  • Not trilling the 'r' at all.
  • Stressing the final 'i' too much.
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

ეს ჩაი ძვირია.

This tea is expensive.

The '-ia' ending means 'is'.

2

ძვირი პური.

Expensive bread.

Adjective precedes the noun.

3

ძალიან ძვირია!

It is very expensive!

'Dzalian' means 'very'.

4

ეს ძვირი არ არის.

This is not expensive.

'Ar aris' means 'is not'.

5

ძვირი წყალი.

Expensive water.

Simple adjective-noun pair.

6

რატომ არის ძვირი?

Why is it expensive?

'Ratom' means 'why'.

7

ეს კაბა ძვირია.

This dress is expensive.

Predicative use of adjective.

8

მე არ მინდა ძვირი ტელეფონი.

I don't want an expensive phone.

'Ar minda' means 'I don't want'.

1

ეს წიგნი იმაზე ძვირია.

This book is more expensive than that.

Comparative construction using '-ze'.

2

თბილისში ყველაფერი ძვირია.

Everything is expensive in Tbilisi.

'Kvelaperi' means 'everything'.

3

ძვირი საათი ვიყიდე.

I bought an expensive watch.

Past tense verb 'vikide'.

4

ეს რესტორანი საკმაოდ ძვირია.

This restaurant is quite expensive.

'Sakmaod' means 'quite'.

5

ძვირი ბინები ვაკეშია.

Expensive apartments are in Vake.

Plural noun 'binebi'.

6

ჩემთვის ეს ძალიან ძვირია.

For me, this is very expensive.

'Chemtvis' means 'for me'.

7

უფრო ძვირი რამე გაქვთ?

Do you have something more expensive?

'Upro' means 'more'.

8

ეს მანქანა ძალიან ძვირი ღირს.

This car costs very much.

Adverbial use with 'ghirs'.

1

ბოლო დროს პროდუქტები გაძვირდა.

Lately, products have become more expensive.

Verbal form 'gadzvirda'.

2

ეს შეცდომა ძვირად დაუჯდა.

This mistake cost him dearly.

Metaphorical use of 'dzvirad'.

3

ძვირია, თუმცა ხარისხიანი.

It is expensive, although high quality.

Use of 'tumtsa' (although).

4

ბინის ქირაობა სულ უფრო ძვირდება.

Renting an apartment is becoming more and more expensive.

Progressive increase 'sul upro dzvirdeba'.

5

არ მეგონა, თუ ასე ძვირი იქნებოდა.

I didn't think it would be so expensive.

Conditional/Future 'ikneboda'.

6

ძვირადღირებული ტექნიკა ვიყიდეთ.

We bought high-cost equipment.

Formal synonym 'dzviradghirebuli'.

7

ფასები ყოველდღე იზრდება, ყველაფერი ძვირდება.

Prices grow every day, everything gets expensive.

Synonymous verbs 'izrudeba' and 'dzvirdeba'.

8

ეს მომსახურება ზედმეტად ძვირია.

This service is too expensive.

'Zedmetad' means 'too/excessively'.

1

ინფლაციის გამო ცხოვრება გაძვირდა.

Life became expensive due to inflation.

'Gamo' (due to) requires the genitive case.

2

ეს კომპანია ძვირადღირებულ პროექტებზე მუშაობს.

This company works on high-cost projects.

Plural dative case 'proektebze'.

3

ძვირი სიამოვნებაა ასეთი მოგზაურობა.

Such a trip is an expensive pleasure.

Idiomatic 'dzviri siamovneba'.

4

მათ ძვირად დათმეს თავიანთი პოზიციები.

They gave up their positions at a high price.

Metaphorical adverbial use.

5

ეს არის ყველაზე ძვირი სასტუმრო ქალაქში.

This is the most expensive hotel in the city.

Superlative 'kvelaze dzviri'.

6

ნავთობის ფასის ზრდამ ყველაფერი გააძვირა.

The rise in oil prices made everything more expensive.

Causative verb 'gaadzvira'.

7

საკმაოდ ძვირი ჯდება ამ სახლის შენახვა.

Maintaining this house costs quite a lot.

'Dzvirad jdeba' is a common idiom for cost.

8

ძვირი მასალები გამოვიყენეთ მშენებლობისთვის.

We used expensive materials for the construction.

Instrumental case 'msheneblobistvis'.

1

სახელმწიფოსთვის ეს რეფორმა ძალიან ძვირი დაჯდება.

This reform will cost the state very dearly.

Future tense 'dajdeba'.

2

ძვირია ის თავისუფლება, რომელიც სისხლით მოიპოვება.

Expensive/Dear is the freedom that is gained with blood.

Philosophical use of 'dzviri'.

3

ბაზრის მონოპოლიზაციამ პროდუქციის გაძვირება გამოიწვია.

Monopolization of the market caused the price increase of products.

Abstract noun 'gadzvireba'.

4

ეს ექსპონატი ფასდაუდებელია, თუმცა მისი დაზღვევა ძვირია.

This exhibit is priceless, though its insurance is expensive.

Contrast between 'pasdaudebeli' and 'dzviri'.

5

პოლიტიკური შეცდომები ხშირად ძვირად უჯდება ქვეყანას.

Political mistakes often cost the country dearly.

Indirect object 'kvekanas'.

6

ძვირადღირებული კამპანია ყოველთვის არ ნიშნავს წარმატებას.

A high-cost campaign does not always mean success.

Formal compound adjective.

7

ჩვენი დრო ყველაზე ძვირი რესურსია.

Our time is the most expensive resource.

Metaphorical resource allocation.

8

კრედიტის აღება ახლა ძალიან ძვირია მაღალი პროცენტის გამო.

Taking a credit is very expensive now due to high interest.

Economic context.

1

ამ გადაწყვეტილების ფასი შეიძლება ძვირი აღმოჩნდეს მომავალში.

The price of this decision might turn out to be expensive in the future.

Subjunctive/Potential 'armochndes'.

2

ძვირია ის ღიმილი, რომელიც სიმწარეს მალავს.

Expensive/Precious is the smile that hides bitterness.

Literary/Poetic usage.

3

ეკონომიკური კრიზისის პირობებში ძვირდება არა მხოლოდ საქონელი, არამედ მომსახურებაც.

In conditions of economic crisis, not only goods but also services become more expensive.

Correlative conjunction 'ara mkholo... aramed...-ts'.

4

ძვირად დაგვიჯდა ამ სიმართლის დამტკიცება.

Proving this truth cost us dearly.

Idiomatic cost of truth.

5

სოციალური უთანასწორობა ხშირად ძვირადღირებულ ცხოვრების წესზე მიანიშნებს.

Social inequality often points to a high-cost lifestyle.

Sociological context.

6

ენერგორესურსების გაძვირებამ ჯაჭვური რეაქცია გამოიწვია.

The price increase of energy resources caused a chain reaction.

Scientific/Economic metaphor.

7

ძვირია ის გაკვეთილი, რომელსაც ცხოვრება გვასწავლის.

Expensive is the lesson that life teaches us.

Aphoristic usage.

8

ამ ნაწარმოებში ავტორი ძვირადღირებული ნივთების ამაოებაზე საუბრობს.

In this work, the author speaks about the vanity of high-cost things.

Literary analysis.

ترکیب‌های رایج

ძალიან ძვირი
ძვირად ღირს
ძვირი სიამოვნება
ძვირი ბინა
ძვირი რესტორანი
ძვირი საჩუქარი
ძვირი დრო
ძვირად გაყიდვა
ძვირად ყიდვა
ზედმეტად ძვირი

عبارات رایج

ძვირია!

რა ძვირია!

ძვირი დაჯდა

არც ისე ძვირია

უფრო ძვირი

ყველაზე ძვირი

ძვირი ჯდება

ძვირად ჩათვლა

ძვირი ფასი

ძვირი ცხოვრება

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"ძვირად დაუჯდა"

To pay a high price for something, usually a mistake.

ეს შეცდომა მას ძვირად დაუჯდა.

Neutral

"ძვირი სიამოვნება"

An 'expensive pleasure' - something that is a luxury.

გოლფის თამაში ძვირი სიამოვნებაა.

Neutral

"ძვირად ფასობს"

To be highly valued or esteemed.

მისი ნიჭი ძვირად ფასობს.

Formal

"ძვირად გაყიდვა (თავის)"

To sell oneself dearly, to not give in easily in a negotiation.

მოლაპარაკებაზე თავი ძვირად გაყიდა.

Informal

"ძვირი მშვილდოსანი"

Literally 'expensive archer', someone who asks for a lot but does little (archaic).

ძველი ნათქვამია: 'ძვირი მშვილდოსანი'.

Archaic

"ძვირად ჩაუგდო"

To make someone pay a lot for something.

ეს ნივთი ძვირად ჩაუგდო ხელში.

Informal

"ძვირი ნახვა"

To see someone rarely (as if seeing them is expensive/precious).

შენი ნახვა ძვირი გახდა.

Informal

"ძვირად დაფასება"

To appreciate someone or something highly.

მეგობრობას ძვირად ვაფასებ.

Neutral

"ძვირი პური"

Can refer to times of famine or high inflation.

ომის დროს ძვირი პური იყო.

Historical

"ძვირი სიტყვა"

A word that carries great weight or value.

მისი ყოველი სიტყვა ძვირია.

Poetic

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

فعل‌ها

صفت‌ها

مرتبط

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Dzviri' as 'Dizzy-Price'. The price is so high it makes you 'dzviri' (dizzy).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a luxury car (dzviri) parked next to a pile of gold coins.

شبکه واژگان

Price Money Luxury Cost Gold High Market Bank

چالش

Go to a store and find three items. Label them 'dzviri' or 'iapi' in your head.

ریشه کلمه

The word 'dzviri' comes from the Old Georgian 'dzviri', which had connotations of both high price and rarity/value. It is a native Kartvelian root.

معنای اصلی: Valuable, rare, or difficult to obtain.

Kartvelian (South Caucasian).

بافت فرهنگی

Avoid calling a host's gift 'dzviri' to their face as it might imply they spent too much or you are uncomfortable; use 'dzvirpasi' instead.

In English, calling something 'expensive' can sometimes sound like a complaint. In Georgian, it's often just a statement of fact or a negotiation tactic.

Georgian folk songs often mention 'dzvirpasi' (precious), a close relative of 'dzviri'. Modern Georgian pop songs often lament the 'dzviri tskhovreba' (expensive life). Classical literature uses the root to describe high-born or valuable people.
برای نکات و یادداشت‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

محتوای مرتبط

مفید بود؟

نظرات (0)

برای نظر دادن وارد شوید
هنوز نظری وجود ندارد. اولین نفری باشید که افکار خود را به اشتراک می‌گذارد!