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A2 noun خنثی 2 دقیقه مطالعه

형제자매

hyeongjejamae [hjʌ̹ŋd͡ʑed͡ʑamɛ]
تمرین کن

Overview

The Korean word '형제자매' (hyeong-je-ja-mae) literally translates to 'brothers and sisters' and is a comprehensive term used to refer to all siblings collectively, regardless of their gender or birth order. This term is a compound word derived from '형제' (hyeong-je), meaning 'brothers,' and '자매' (ja-mae), meaning 'sisters.'

In Korean culture, familial relationships are highly significant, and the way one addresses or refers to siblings often reflects respect for age and gender hierarchy. While '형제자매' is a general term, individual siblings are often referred to using more specific titles that indicate their birth order and gender relative to the speaker. For example:

* Younger sibling (regardless of gender): 동생 (dong-saeng)

When referring to one's own siblings in a more formal or collective context, '저의 형제자매' (jeo-ui hyeong-je-ja-mae) meaning 'my brothers and sisters' or '우리 형제자매' (u-ri hyeong-je-ja-mae) meaning 'our brothers and sisters' can be used. The term '형제자매' emphasizes the familial bond and is often used in discussions about family structure, family gatherings, or in general conversations about having siblings. It encompasses the entirety of the sibling group, providing a concise way to refer to all of them at once without needing to list each individual brother and sister. Understanding '형제자매' is key to grasping the nuances of Korean familial terminology.

مثال‌ها

1

나는 형제자매가 한 명도 없어.

일상 대화

I don't have any siblings.

2

형제자매는 서로 의지하며 살아야 한다.

조언/격언

Siblings should live relying on each other.

3

우리 형제자매는 모두 해외에 살고 있습니다.

가족 이야기

All my siblings live overseas.

4

그녀는 형제자매가 많은 대가족에서 자랐다.

인물 설명

She grew up in a large family with many siblings.

5

형제자매 간의 우애는 무엇보다 소중하다.

격언/문학적 표현

Brotherly and sisterly love is more precious than anything.

ترکیب‌های رایج

형제자매가 많다
형제자매가 적다
형제자매 관계
형제자매처럼 지내다

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

형제자매 در مقابل 형제
'형제' exclusively refers to brothers, whereas '형제자매' encompasses both brothers and sisters. While '형제' can sometimes be used in a broader sense to include sisters in certain contexts, '형제자매' is the precise and inclusive term for all siblings, clearly indicating both male and female siblings.
형제자매 در مقابل 자매
'자매' exclusively refers to sisters, whereas '형제자매' encompasses both brothers and sisters. '형제자매' is the precise and inclusive term for all siblings, clearly indicating both male and female siblings, while '자매' is specific to female siblings.

الگوهای دستوری

형제자매가 많다/적다 (To have many/few siblings) 형제자매처럼 지내다 (To live like siblings, to be close) 형제자매 관계 (Sibling relationship)

نحوه استفاده

نکات کاربردی

'형제자매' (hyeongjejamae) is a gender-neutral term that collectively refers to siblings, encompassing both brothers and sisters. While it can be used to describe one's own siblings, it can also be used more broadly to refer to a group of siblings or the concept of siblings in general. When referring to individual siblings, more specific terms are often used based on gender and age relative to the speaker. For example, a male speaker would refer to his older brother as '형' (hyeong) and his older sister as '누나' (nuna). A female speaker would refer to her older brother as '오빠' (oppa) and her older sister as '언니' (eonni). Younger siblings are generally referred to as '동생' (dongsaeng), which is also a gender-neutral term, but can be specified as '남동생' (namdongsaeng - younger brother) or '여동생' (yeodongsaeng - younger sister) if necessary. '형제자매' is commonly used in formal contexts, literature, or when making a general statement about siblings, while the more specific terms are used in everyday conversation to show respect and express the relationship dynamics.

اشتباهات رایج

A common mistake is trying to use '형제' (hyung-je) for all siblings. While '형제' can sometimes be used to refer to brothers specifically, and in a broader sense to include sisters (like 'mankind' can refer to all humans), it literally translates to 'brothers.' To specifically and inclusively refer to all siblings (brothers and sisters), '형제자매' (hyung-je-ja-mae) is the correct and most natural term. Using '형제' alone when you mean 'siblings' can be ambiguous or incomplete. Another mistake is separating the components, like saying '형 제 자매' instead of the single compound word '형제자매'. It's one word to encompass all of them.

نکات

💡

Word Breakdown

'형제자매' (hyeong-je-ja-mae) is a compound word derived from '형제' (hyeong-je) meaning 'brothers' and '자매' (ja-mae) meaning 'sisters'. Each part can be used independently as well.
💡

Common Pitfall

While '형제자매' literally means 'brothers and sisters,' it can sometimes be shortened to just '형제' (hyeong-je) to broadly refer to all siblings, regardless of gender, especially in more traditional or formal contexts. However, using '형제자매' is always clear and inclusive.
💡

Usage Example

우리 형제자매는 모두 사이가 좋아요. (U-ri hyeong-je-ja-mae-neun mo-du sa-i-ga jo-a-yo.) - All my siblings get along well.

ریشه کلمه

From Middle Korean 혀 M 弟 (hyengcey) + 姉妹 (camae), from Early Middle Korean *혀 M 弟 (hyungjey) and *자매 (jamae), the latter being from Sino-Korean 姉妹 (jamae), from Middle Chinese 姉妹 (tsyej-mejX, “elder sister; younger sister”). First attested in the Seokbo Sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / Episodes from the Life of Seokga) in 1447, as 혀 M 弟 자ᄆᆡ (hyengcey camae).

بافت فرهنگی

In Korean culture, family ties are extremely strong, and the concept of '형제자매' (hyeongjejamae) or siblings holds a significant place. Unlike in some Western cultures where individualism might be emphasized, Korean society often places importance on the collective, with the family as the fundamental unit. Siblings are expected to maintain close relationships throughout their lives, offering mutual support, respect, and loyalty. Older siblings, especially an older brother (형 - hyeong) or older sister (누나 - nuna for a male, 언니 - eonni for a female), traditionally hold a position of some authority and responsibility towards their younger siblings. This often translates to providing guidance, protection, and sometimes even financial assistance. The honorifics used when addressing siblings (e.g., calling an older sister '언니') further emphasize this hierarchical yet affectionate structure.

راهنمای حفظ

형제자매 (hyung-je-ja-mae) sounds a bit like 'Hyung-je, jam-mae!' Imagine two siblings, Hyung-je and Jam-mae, playing together. To remember it's about all siblings, think of it as a combo of older brother (형 - hyung), younger brother (제 - je), older sister (자 - ja), and younger sister (매 - mae). So, 'Hyung-je, jam-mae!' covers everyone!

سوالات متداول

4 سوال
'형제자매' (hyeong-je-ja-mae) is a Korean word that collectively refers to siblings, encompassing both brothers and sisters. It's a compound word where '형제' (hyeong-je) specifically means brothers and '자매' (ja-mae) means sisters. This term is widely used in everyday conversation and formal contexts to speak about one's siblings without having to specify their gender individually. Understanding this term is fundamental for anyone learning Korean, as family relationships are a very important part of Korean culture and language. It highlights the inclusive nature of the Korean language when discussing family members.
'형제자매' is used to talk about one's siblings in a general sense. For example, you might say '저는 형제자매가 두 명 있어요.' (Jeo-neun hyeong-je-ja-mae-ga du myeong i-sseo-yo.), which means 'I have two siblings.' Another common usage is in questions like '형제자매가 어떻게 되세요?' (Hyeong-je-ja-mae-ga eo-tteo-ke doe-se-yo?), meaning 'How many siblings do you have?' or 'What is your sibling order?' It's a polite and comprehensive way to inquire or state information about one's brothers and sisters. This term simplifies communication by providing a single word for a group of family members who share a common bond.
The word '형제자매' is a combination of two Sino-Korean terms: '형제' (hyeong-je) and '자매' (ja-mae). '형제' is derived from Chinese characters 兄 (hyeong, meaning older brother) and 弟 (je, meaning younger brother). Similarly, '자매' comes from 姉 (ja, meaning older sister) and 妹 (mae, meaning younger sister). The combination of these two terms into '형제자매' creates a comprehensive word for all siblings, irrespective of gender and birth order. This construction is typical in Korean, where compound words are often formed to express broader concepts efficiently. This etymology reflects the historical influence of Chinese on the Korean language and its vocabulary.
While '형제자매' is the general term for siblings, Koreans often use more specific terms depending on the gender and birth order. For example, '오빠' (oppa) is used by a female to refer to her older brother, '형' (hyeong) is used by a male for his older brother, '언니' (eonni) is used by a female for her older sister, and '누나' (nuna) is used by a male for his older sister. Younger siblings are generally referred to as '남동생' (nam-dong-saeng) for a younger brother and '여동생' (yeo-dong-saeng) for a younger sister. '형제자매' serves as the overarching term when referring to all siblings collectively without specifying these individual distinctions, making it a very useful and inclusive word.

خودت رو بسنج

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'저는 ____가 많아요.' (I have many siblings.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
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'우리 ____는 모두 성인입니다.' (All of my siblings are adults.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
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'그는 ____ 중 막내입니다.' (He is the youngest among the siblings.)

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

امتیاز: /3

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手足 چینی 兄弟 ژاپنی
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