B2 Verb Forms 1 min read سخت

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Double causatives allow you to express that someone is forced or enabled to make a third party perform an action.

  • Add -aunu to the root for the first causative: 'to make someone do' (e.g., garnu -> garaunu).
  • Add -aunu again to the causative stem for the second causative: 'to make someone make someone do' (e.g., garaunu -> garaunaunu).
  • Maintain the agent markers: the first agent takes 'lai' and the second agent takes 'dwara' or 'le'.
Subject + Agent1 + lai + Agent2 + dwara + Verb-aunaunu

Double Causative Formation

Root Causative 1 Double Causative
गर्नु (do)
गराउनु
गराउन लगाउनु
लेख्नु (write)
लेखाउनु
लेखाउन लगाउनु
पढ्नु (read)
पढाउनु
पढाउन लगाउनु
खानु (eat)
खुवाउनु
खुवाउन लगाउनु
बस्नु (sit)
बसाउनु
बसाउन लगाउनु
हिँड्नु (walk)
हिँडाउनु
हिँडाउन लगाउनु

Meanings

The double causative indicates a chain of command where the subject causes an intermediary to cause a third party to perform an action.

1

Delegated Authority

Expressing that you instructed a manager to instruct a worker.

“मैले म्यानेजरलाई कर्मचारीद्वारा फाइल पठाउन लगाएँ।”

“शिक्षकले विद्यार्थीलाई अर्को विद्यार्थीद्वारा किताब ल्याउन लगाउनुभयो।”

Reference Table

Reference table for Double Causatives in Nepali
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Sub + Obj1 + lai + Obj2 + dwara + Verb-auna lagaunu
मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।
Negative
Sub + Obj1 + lai + Obj2 + dwara + Verb-auna nalagaunu
मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाइनँ।
Interrogative
Ke Sub le Obj1 lai Obj2 dwara Verb-auna lagayo?
के तिमीले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगायौ?
Past
Verb-auna lagaye
मैले लगाएँ
Future
Verb-auna lagaunechu
मैले लगाउनेछु
Continuous
Verb-auna lagai rahechu
मैले लगाइरहेको छु

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
मैले उहाँलाई कार्य सम्पन्न गराउन लगाएँ।

मैले उहाँलाई कार्य सम्पन्न गराउन लगाएँ। (Workplace delegation)

خنثی
मैले उसलाई काम गराउन लगाएँ।

मैले उसलाई काम गराउन लगाएँ। (Workplace delegation)

غیر رسمی
मैले उसलाई काम गर्न लगाएँ।

मैले उसलाई काम गर्न लगाएँ। (Workplace delegation)

عامیانه
मैले उसलाई काममा जोतेँ।

मैले उसलाई काममा जोतेँ। (Workplace delegation)

The Causative Chain

Initiator

Intermediary

  • रामलाई to Ram

Executor

  • श्यामद्वारा by Shyam

Action

  • काम गराउन to make work

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

म काम गर्छु।

I do work.

1

मैले उसलाई काम गराएँ।

I made him do the work.

1

शिक्षकले विद्यार्थीलाई लेख्न लगाउनुभयो।

The teacher made the student write.

1

मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।

I made Ram make Shyam do the work.

1

प्रबन्धकले सुपरभाइजरलाई कर्मचारीद्वारा प्रतिवेदन तयार गराउन लगाउनुभयो।

The manager made the supervisor make the staff prepare the report.

1

सरकारले मन्त्रालयलाई विभागद्वारा नीति कार्यान्वयन गराउन लगायो।

The government made the ministry make the department implement the policy.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Double Causatives in Nepali در مقابل Simple vs Double Causative

Learners often use double when simple is sufficient.

Double Causatives in Nepali در مقابل Causative vs Auxiliary 'lagaunu'

Both can mean 'to make someone do'.

Double Causatives in Nepali در مقابل Active vs Causative

Mixing up who is doing the action.

اشتباهات رایج

म काम गराउँछु।

म काम गर्छु।

Don't use causative for yourself.

म रामलाई काम गर्छु।

म रामलाई काम गराउँछु।

Missing causative suffix.

रामले काम गराउँछ।

रामले काम गर्छ।

Incorrect causative usage.

म गराउनु गर्छु।

म गराउँछु।

Grammar structure error.

मैले रामलाई श्यामलाई काम गराउन लगाएँ।

मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।

Using 'lai' twice instead of 'dwara'.

मैले रामद्वारा श्यामलाई काम गराएँ।

मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराएँ।

Swapped agents.

मैले रामलाई काम गराउन लगाउनु।

मैले रामलाई काम गराउन लगाएँ।

Wrong verb conjugation.

उसले मलाई काम गराउन लगायो।

उसले मलाई काम गर्न लगायो।

Redundant causative.

मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गर्न लगाएँ।

मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।

Missing causative in the second verb.

रामले श्यामलाई काम गराउन लगायो।

रामले श्यामलाई काम गर्न लगायो।

Incorrect causative.

सरकारले जनतालाई कर तिर्न लगायो।

सरकारले जनताद्वारा कर तिराउन लगायो।

Incorrect agent marking.

मैले उसलाई काम गराउन लगाउनु पर्छ।

मैले उसलाई काम गराउन लगाउनुपर्छ।

Spacing error.

उसले मलाई काम गराउन लगाइयो।

उसले मलाई काम गराउन लगायो।

Passive/Active confusion.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

मैले ___ लाई ___ द्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।

के तपाईंले ___ लाई ___ द्वारा यो काम गराउन लगाउनुभयो?

म ___ लाई ___ द्वारा प्रतिवेदन तयार गराउन लगाउँछु।

उसले ___ लाई ___ द्वारा गाडी सफा गराउन लगायो।

Real World Usage

Corporate Office very common

मैले म्यानेजरलाई कर्मचारीद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।

Government Office common

मन्त्रालयले विभागद्वारा काम गराउन लगायो।

Construction Site common

ठेकेदारले मिस्त्रीद्वारा काम गराउन लगायो।

School Administration occasional

प्रधानाध्यापकले शिक्षकद्वारा विद्यार्थीलाई पढाउन लगाउनुभयो।

Home Repair occasional

मैले दाइलाई प्लम्बरद्वारा पाइप मर्मत गराउन लगाएँ।

Social Media rare

मैले उसलाई काम गराउन लगाएँ।

💡

Use 'lagaunu' for flow

When the causative suffix feels too heavy, use 'lagaunu' to break it up.
⚠️

Watch the agents

Ensure you use 'lai' for the intermediary and 'dwara' for the executor.
🎯

Context is key

Only use double causatives when there are three distinct people involved.
💬

Formal vs Informal

Double causatives are almost always formal. Avoid them in casual conversation.

Smart Tips

Use the double causative structure to show the chain of command.

मैले रामलाई श्यामलाई काम गर्न भनेँ। मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।

Use double causatives to clearly define responsibility.

म्यानेजरले काम गराए। म्यानेजरले सुपरभाइजरलाई कर्मचारीद्वारा काम गराउन लगाए।

Always use 'dwara' for the person doing the actual work.

मैले रामलाई श्यामलाई काम गराउन लगाएँ। मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।

Break the sentence down into who told whom to do what.

मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ। मैले [रामलाई] [श्यामद्वारा] [काम गराउन] [लगाएँ] - clear!

تلفظ

/aʊnu/

Causative Suffix

The '-aunu' suffix is pronounced clearly with a long 'au' sound.

Instructional

Subject + Agent + lai + Verb-aunu ↑

Rising intonation at the end indicates a command or instruction.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a 'Boss of a Boss'. You are the big boss, Ram is the middle manager, Shyam is the worker.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a line of three people. You point to the first, who points to the second, who does the work.

Rhyme

Double the 'aunu' to make it clear, the middle man makes the worker appear.

Story

I wanted a cake. I told my brother (intermediary) to tell the baker (executor) to bake it. I used the double causative to explain this chain.

شبکه واژگان

गराउनुलगाउनुद्वारालाईनिर्देशनआदेश

چالش

Write three sentences describing a task you delegated today using this structure.

نکات فرهنگی

In formal business settings, double causatives are preferred to maintain professional distance.

People often use simpler structures, preferring direct requests over complex causative chains.

Highly formal language often uses these structures in official circulars.

The causative suffix '-aunu' is derived from Old Indo-Aryan causative markers.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

तपाईंले कसैलाई काम गराउन लगाउनुभएको छ?

के तपाईंले कहिल्यै कसैलाई अर्को व्यक्तिद्वारा काम गराउन लगाउनुभएको छ?

तपाईंको अफिसमा काम कसरी बाँडिन्छ?

के तपाईंलाई कामको जिम्मा लिन मन पर्छ?

موضوعات نگارش

Describe a time you had to delegate a complex task.
Write about the hierarchy in your workplace.
Explain how a government project is implemented.
Write a short story about a boss who delegates everything.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct causative form.

मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम ___ लगाएँ।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: गराउन
The causative form is needed here.
Choose the correct sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।
Correct agent marking.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

मैले रामलाई श्यामलाई काम गराउन लगाएँ।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।
Use 'dwara' for the executor.
Transform to double causative. Sentence Transformation

मैले रामलाई काम गराएँ। (Add Shyam as executor)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।
Correct structure.
Is this true? True False Rule

Double causatives involve three people.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Initiator, intermediary, executor.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: रामले के गर्यो? B: उसले ___ ।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मलाई काम गराउन लगायो।
Appropriate causative.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

मैले / रामलाई / श्यामद्वारा / काम / गराउन / लगाएँ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।
Standard word order.
Match the verb to its causative. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: गराउनु
Standard causative.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the correct causative form.

मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम ___ लगाएँ।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: गराउन
The causative form is needed here.
Choose the correct sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।
Correct agent marking.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

मैले रामलाई श्यामलाई काम गराउन लगाएँ।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।
Use 'dwara' for the executor.
Transform to double causative. Sentence Transformation

मैले रामलाई काम गराएँ। (Add Shyam as executor)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।
Correct structure.
Is this true? True False Rule

Double causatives involve three people.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Initiator, intermediary, executor.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: रामले के गर्यो? B: उसले ___ ।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मलाई काम गराउन लगायो।
Appropriate causative.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

मैले / रामलाई / श्यामद्वारा / काम / गराउन / लगाएँ

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मैले रामलाई श्यामद्वारा काम गराउन लगाएँ।
Standard word order.
Match the verb to its causative. جفت کردن

Match 'गर्नु' to its causative.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: गराउनु
Standard causative.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

Use it when there are three people involved in a chain of command.

No, it is quite formal and usually found in writing.

No, you cannot cause yourself to do something in this way.

'Lai' marks the intermediary, 'dwara' marks the executor.

Theoretically yes, but it is rarely used.

Very rarely, it's too long.

Managing the case markers for three people is complex.

Some verbs don't take causative forms easily.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

hacer + infinitive

Nepali uses suffixes; Spanish uses a separate verb.

French moderate

faire + infinitive

Nepali is agglutinative; French is analytic.

German partial

lassen + infinitive

German lacks the recursive suffixing found in Nepali.

Japanese high

causative suffix -seru/-saseru

Japanese causative-passive is more complex.

Arabic partial

Form IV (Af'ala)

Arabic is root-based; Nepali is suffix-based.

Chinese low

使 (shǐ) / 让 (ràng)

Chinese has no verb conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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