B2 · بالای متوسط فصل 16

پرتغالی رویاها: زمان شرطی ناکامل

1 مجموع قواعد
10 مثال‌ها
7 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of hypothetical thinking and emotional expression using the Portuguese imperfect subjunctive.

  • Conjugate regular and irregular verbs in the imperfect subjunctive.
  • Construct hypothetical 'if' sentences that contrast with reality.
  • Express wishes and polite requests with newfound nuance and sophistication.
Unlock the Portuguese of your dreams.

چی یاد می‌گیری

وای! آماده‌ای برای اینکه پرتغالی‌ت رو ببری یه مرحله بالاتر و مثل بومی‌زبان‌ها حرف بزنی؟ این فصل قراره یه دنیای جدید رو برات باز کنه: زمان شرطی ناکامل (Imperfect Subjunctive). این همون زمانیه که باهاش می‌تونی بگی «اگه اینطور بود...»، «کاشکی می‌شد...» یا «چه می‌شد اگر...». تو این فصل یاد می‌گیری چطور با این زمان جادویی، آرزوهات، رویاهات و حتی افسوس‌هات رو بیان کنی. مثلاً فکر کن می‌خوای بگی «کاشکی وقت بیشتری برای سفر داشتم» یا «اگه رئیس بودم، حقوق‌ها رو بیشتر می‌کردم.» این زمان دقیقاً برای همین جملات به درد می‌خوره. ما از پایه شروع می‌کنیم، با endingsهای معروف -sse که امضای این زمانه آشنا می‌شی و یاد می‌گیری چطور ازشون برای موقعیت‌های فرضی که با واقعیت الان فرق دارن، استفاده کنی. بعدش می‌ریم سراغ اینکه چطور با این زمان، حرفاتو خیلی مؤدبانه‌تر بزنی یا چطور آرزوهایی که می‌دونی شاید هیچوقت اتفاق نیفتن رو بیان کنی. وقتی این فصل تموم بشه، دیگه فقط کلمات رو کنار هم نمی‌ذاری. تو می‌تونی با ظرافت و احساس کامل، دنیای درون ذهنت رو به پرتغالی بیان کنی. می‌تونی تو یه کافه تو لیسبون، با یه دوست بومی‌زبان درباره رویاهات صحبت کنی و کاملاً طبیعی به نظر بیای. این یعنی پرتغالی‌ت خیلی پخته‌تر و جذاب‌تر می‌شه و واقعاً حس می‌کنی به یه سطح B2 واقعی رسیدی. پس بزن بریم که پرتغالی رویاها رو کشف کنیم!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: articulate hypothetical scenarios using the -sse ending patterns.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Welcome to the exciting world of the Portuguese Imperfect Subjunctive, a truly essential grammar point for anyone aiming for B2 Portuguese proficiency and beyond. This chapter,
Dreaming with the Imperfect Subjunctive,
is your gateway to expressing a deeper, more nuanced range of ideas in Portuguese. Forget just stating facts; we're about to unlock the language of possibilities, wishes, and polite hypotheticals.
This tense is often referred to as the what-if or if only tense, and mastering it will significantly elevate your Portuguese grammar skills, making your conversations richer and more authentic.
At the B2 level, moving beyond basic communication means understanding how to navigate complex thoughts and express yourself with greater sophistication. The Imperfect Subjunctive is precisely what you need for this. It allows you to speak about situations that are contrary to present reality, to make gentle suggestions, or to articulate desires that might seem just out of reach.
Imagine being able to say,
If I had more time, I would learn another language,
or
I wish you were here.
These are the kinds of expressions that will make your Portuguese truly shine.
By the end of this guide, you won't just be conjugating verbs; you'll be weaving intricate thoughts and emotions into your speech, sounding more like a native speaker. This skill is invaluable for real-life interactions, whether you're discussing future plans, reflecting on past choices, or simply engaging in polite conversation. Get ready to add a powerful new tool to your Portuguese grammar toolkit!

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

The Portuguese Imperfect Subjunctive, often called the 'What-If' Tense (-sse), is used to express hypothetical situations, wishes, doubts, or polite requests that are contrary to fact or unlikely to happen in the present or future. It’s frequently found in clauses introduced by conjunctions like se (if), embora (although), caso (in case), quando (when, if hypothetical), para que (in order that), and after expressions of desire or emotion like gostaria que (I would like that...). This is the core of the "Imperfect Subjunctive: The 'If I Were' Tense (-asse, -esse, -isse)".
To form the Imperfect Subjunctive, you typically take the eles/elas (they) form of the Pretérito Perfeito Simples (Simple Past), remove the -am ending, and then add the appropriate Imperfect Subjunctive endings:
* For -ar verbs, the endings are: -asse, -asses, -asse, -ássemos, -ásseis, -assem.
* Example: falar (to speak) -> eles falaram -> remove -am -> falar -> eu falasse (if I spoke/were to speak)
* For -er and -ir verbs, the endings are: -esse, -esses, -esse, -êssemos, -êsseis, -essem.
* Example: comer (to eat) -> eles comeram -> remove -am -> comer -> eu comesse (if I ate/were to eat)
* Example: partir (to leave) -> eles partiram -> remove -am -> partir -> eu partisse (if I left/were to leave)
This method works for both regular and irregular verbs, making it quite straightforward once you know the simple past forms. For instance, ser/ir (to be/to go) -> eles foram -> remove -am -> for -> eu fosse (if I were/went).
Here are some key uses of this "Portuguese 'What If' Tense (Imperfect Subjunctive)":
  1. 1Hypothetical Conditions (If I were/had): Often used with se (if) in conditional sentences.
* Se eu tivesse dinheiro, viajaria mais. (If I had money, I would travel more.)
  1. 1Wishes or Regrets (If only/I wish I had): Expressing desires contrary to present reality, often with gostaria que or queria que. This is the "Portuguese 'If Only' Tense (Imperfect Subjunctive)".
* Gostaria que ele viesse à festa. (I would like him to come to the party. / I wish he would come to the party.)
* Queria que tu estivesses aqui. (I wanted you to be here. / I wish you were here.)
  1. 1Polite Suggestions or Requests:
* Seria bom que todos participassem. (It would be good if everyone participated.)
* Preferia que falasses mais baixo. (I'd prefer that you spoke more quietly.)

اشتباهات رایج

  1. 1✗ Wrong: Se eu tinha tempo, eu iria ao cinema.
✓ Correct: Se eu tivesse tempo, eu iria ao cinema.
*Explanation:* This is a classic if clause error. When expressing a hypothetical condition contrary to fact in the present or future, you must use the Imperfect Subjunctive (tivesse) in the if clause, not the Imperfect Indicative (tinha). The main clause typically uses the Conditional (iria).
  1. 1✗ Wrong: Eu queria que ele vem amanhã.
✓ Correct: Eu queria que ele viesse amanhã.
*Explanation:* After expressions of desire or emotion in the past (like queria - I wanted), the following clause requires the Imperfect Subjunctive (viesse), not the Present Indicative (vem). This correctly conveys
I wanted him to come
or
I wished he would come.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: Se fosse possível, eu fazia isso.
✓ Correct: Se fosse possível, eu faria isso.
*Explanation:* While faria (Conditional) is correct for the main clause, some learners mistakenly use the Imperfect Indicative (fazia) in place of the Conditional in complex hypothetical sentences. Remember the pattern: Imperfect Subjunctive (in 'se' clause) + Conditional (in main clause).

مکالمات واقعی

A

A

Se tu fosses o presidente, o que farias primeiro? (If you were the president, what would you do first?)
B

B

Se eu fosse o presidente, eu investiria mais na educação. (If I were the president, I would invest more in education.)
A

A

Gostaria que viesses connosco no próximo fim de semana. (I would like you to come with us next weekend.)
B

B

Ah, eu adoraria! Se pudesse, iria com certeza. (Oh, I'd love to! If I could, I would definitely go.)
A

A

Era importante que ele chegasse a tempo para a reunião. (It was important that he arrived on time for the meeting.)
B

B

Sim, se ele se atrasasse, teríamos um problema. (Yes, if he were late, we would have a problem.)

سؤالات رایج

Q

When do I use the Portuguese Imperfect Subjunctive instead of the Conditional?

The Imperfect Subjunctive is typically used in the dependent clause (often after se, que, or expressions of desire) to set up a hypothetical or contrary-to-fact situation, while the Conditional is used in the main clause to describe the consequence of that hypothetical situation (e.g.,

If I *were* (subjunctive), I *would do* (conditional)
).

Q

What's the difference between the Portuguese Imperfect Subjunctive and the Present Subjunctive?

The Present Subjunctive usually refers to doubts, wishes, or commands in the present or future that *might* happen, or general conditions. The Imperfect Subjunctive refers to hypothetical situations, wishes, or regrets that are contrary to present or past reality, or are less likely to happen.

Q

Can I use the Imperfect Subjunctive for past events in Portuguese?

Yes, you can! When referring to hypothetical situations or regrets about the past, you often use the compound form: Imperfect Subjunctive of ter (to have) or haver (to have) + past participle. For example,

Se eu tivesse sabido, não teria ido
(If I had known, I wouldn't have gone).

Q

What are some common verbs that often trigger the Imperfect Subjunctive?

Verbs and expressions like gostaria que (I would like that...), queria que (I wanted that...), seria bom que (it would be good that...), era importante que (it was important that...), se (if), caso (in case), and embora (although) frequently precede clauses requiring the Imperfect Subjunctive.

بافت فرهنگی

In Portugal and Brazil, the Imperfect Subjunctive is vital for expressing politeness, humility, and indirectness. Native speakers frequently use it to make softer suggestions, express modest wishes, or navigate sensitive topics without being too direct. For example, instead of a blunt command, a speaker might use
Gostaria que me ajudasses
(I would like you to help me) which is far more courteous.
Mastering this tense makes your Portuguese sound less abrupt and more natural, reflecting the cultural value placed on nuanced communication. It's truly a hallmark of sophisticated, B2-level conversation.

مثال‌های کلیدی (2)

1

Se eu **tivesse** dinheiro, comprava esse tênis agora.

اگه پول داشتم، همین الان این کتونی رو می‌خریدم.

ماضی استمراری التزامی (زمانِ «اگر من بودم»)
2

Eu queria que você **viesse** na minha festa.

دوست داشتم که به مهمونی من بیای.

ماضی استمراری التزامی (زمانِ «اگر من بودم»)

نکات و ترفندها (1)

🎯

اکسان روی 'Nós'

توی حالت 'ما' (nós)، یادت نره حتماً علامت اکسان بذاری چون ریتم تلفظ رو کلاً عوض می‌کنه: falássemos.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ماضی استمراری التزامی (زمانِ «اگر من بودم»)

واژگان کلیدی (6)

se if fosse were (from ser) tivesse had (from ter) quisesse wanted (from querer) oxalá hopefully / if only talvez perhaps

Real-World Preview

coffee

Dreaming in a Café

Review Summary

  • Preterite 3rd person plural stem (minus -ram) + -sse, -sses, -sse, -ssemos, -sseis, -ssem

اشتباهات رایج

Never use the conditional in the 'if' (se) clause. Always use the imperfect subjunctive.

Wrong: Se eu teria dinheiro, viajaria.
صحیح: Se eu tivesse dinheiro, viajaria.

The imperfect indicative is for past habits, not for hypothetical conditions.

Wrong: Se eu falava português...
صحیح: Se eu falasse português...

You must conjugate the verb based on the preterite stem, not the infinitive.

Wrong: Se eu ser rico...
صحیح: Se eu fosse rico...

Next Steps

You've unlocked a powerful tool for self-expression. Keep dreaming in Portuguese!

Write a 'bucket list' of 5 things you would do if you were a millionaire.

Continue to: اگه... بودی: رویاها و درخواست‌های مودبانه

تمرین سریع (3)

جای خالی رو با شکل درست فعل 'ser' (بودن) پر کن.

Se eu ___ você, aceitaria o emprego.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: fosse
برای جملات فرضی 'اگه جای تو بودم' از وجه التزامی گذشته 'fosse' استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ماضی استمراری التزامی (زمانِ «اگر من بودم»)

جمله‌ای رو انتخاب کن که یه آرزو در مورد گذشته رو درست بیان می‌کنه.

کدوم جمله یه موقعیت فرضی می‌سازه؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu queria que ele estudasse mais.
وقتی از یه محرک گذشته مثل 'queria' استفاده می‌کنی، فعل بعدی باید وجه التزامی گذشته ('estudasse') باشه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ماضی استمراری التزامی (زمانِ «اگر من بودم»)

اشتباه رو توی صرف فعل پیدا کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

Nós falessemos com ele se tivéssemos tempo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós falássemos com ele...
حالت 'nós' در وجه التزامی گذشته همیشه نیاز به علامت اکسان داره: 'falássemos'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ماضی استمراری التزامی (زمانِ «اگر من بودم»)

Score: /3

سوالات رایج (2)

برای موقعیت‌های فرضی ('اگه پولدار بودم')، آرزوها در مورد حال یا گذشته ('ای کاش اینجا بودی') و دستورات نقل شده از گذشته ('بهم گفت برم'). مثلاً: Se eu pudesse...
سوم شخص جمع گذشته ساده (eles falaram) رو بردار، '-am' رو حذف کن و پسوندهای (-asse, -esse, -isse) رو اضافه کن. مثل: falasse.
فصل قبلی
شرط و زمان‌بندی: حرفه‌ای‌تر شو!
فصل بعدی
اگه... بودی: رویاها و درخواست‌های مودبانه
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