irregular در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Irregular describes anything that lacks a steady pattern, symmetry, or adherence to standard rules, whether in grammar, physical shapes, or time.
- In Portuguese grammar, it specifically refers to verbs that do not follow the standard conjugation patterns of -ar, -er, and -ir endings.
- The word is versatile and used in medicine (pulse), geography (terrain), law (non-compliance), and daily life (schedules or surfaces).
- It is a gender-neutral adjective in the singular ('irregular') and adds '-es' for the plural form ('irregulares') for both genders.
The Portuguese word irregular is a multifaceted adjective derived from the Latin irregularis, combining the prefix in- (not) with regularis (pertaining to a rule). At its core, it describes anything that deviates from a standard pattern, a predictable rhythm, or a symmetrical form. In the Lusophone world, you will encounter this word in contexts ranging from the physical world—like the jagged edges of a mountain range—to the abstract world of linguistics, where it describes verbs that refuse to follow standard conjugation rules. Understanding 'irregular' is essential for A2 learners because it marks the transition from seeing the world in simple, 'perfect' categories to acknowledging the complexity and unpredictability of real life and language.
- Physical Form
- Refers to shapes that lack symmetry or evenness, such as a stone or a coastline.
- Temporal Pattern
- Describes events that happen at unpredictable intervals, like an irregular heartbeat or rain in a desert.
- Grammatical Context
- Specifically used for verbs (verbos irregulares) that change their stem or endings in ways that don't follow the standard -ar, -er, or -ir paradigms.
A calçada portuguesa tem pedras de formato irregular, o que cria um visual único mas exige cuidado ao caminhar.
Beyond the physical and grammatical, 'irregular' can also imply a lack of legal or administrative compliance. If a document is 'irregular', it means it contains errors or lacks necessary components. However, unlike the word 'ilegal' (illegal), 'irregular' often suggests a technical fault rather than a criminal intent. For example, a building might have an 'irregular' status because of a missing permit, which is a bureaucratic hurdle rather than a crime. This nuance is vital for navigating professional environments in Portugal or Brazil.
O médico notou um batimento irregular durante o exame de rotina.
- Linguistic Nuance
- Verbs like 'ir' (to go) and 'ser' (to be) are the most 'irregulares' in the language.
- Administrative Usage
- Used to describe situations that don't follow the 'regra' (rule) of the institution.
O terreno tinha um relevo irregular, dificultando a construção da casa.
A frequência do aluno às aulas tem sido muito irregular este semestre.
As margens do rio são irregulares e cheias de curvas sinuosas.
Using 'irregular' correctly in Portuguese requires an understanding of its placement and its pluralization. As an adjective, it usually follows the noun it modifies. For instance, 'um verbo irregular' or 'uma superfície irregular'. Because it ends in '-r', the plural form is created by adding '-es', resulting in 'irregulares'. This applies regardless of the gender of the noun. In everyday conversation, you'll use it most frequently when discussing schedules, grammar, or the physical state of objects. It is a 'safe' word—it isn't overly formal, nor is it slang, making it appropriate for both a business meeting and a casual chat about the weather.
When applying 'irregular' to people, be cautious. Calling someone's work 'irregular' suggests that sometimes it is good and sometimes it is bad—it implies inconsistency. If you say a student's attendance is 'irregular', you are noting that they miss classes without a predictable pattern. In a more technical sense, such as in medicine or engineering, 'irregular' is used with high precision to denote a deviation from a known baseline. For example, 'pulso irregular' or 'terreno irregular'. In these cases, the word is purely descriptive and lacks any judgmental tone.
Grammatically, the most common hurdle for learners is the 'verbos irregulares'. These are the 'rebels' of the Portuguese language. While regular verbs follow a predictable pattern (like 'falar' or 'comer'), irregular verbs like 'fazer' (to do/make) change their roots (eu faço, tu fazes). When a teacher says 'Este verbo é irregular', they are warning you that you cannot simply apply the standard endings; you must memorize its unique forms. This usage is so common that 'irregular' becomes one of the first technical linguistic terms a student learns.
You will hear 'irregular' in several distinct environments. In a classroom, it is the bane of students' existence, usually preceding a list of verbs to memorize. In a doctor's office, it might be used to describe a biological rhythm that isn't quite right. In the news, you might hear about 'situações irregulares' regarding immigration, taxes, or construction projects, where the word serves as a polite way to say 'not according to the law'.
If you are walking through the historic centers of Lisbon or Porto, you might hear a tour guide describe the 'pavimento irregular' (the uneven pavement) of the old streets. In the business world, a manager might describe a company's 'crescimento irregular' (uneven growth), indicating that while the company is growing, the progress isn't steady month-to-month. Weather reports also use the term to describe 'chuvas irregulares', meaning rain that falls sporadically across a region rather than in a consistent downpour. This versatility makes 'irregular' a high-frequency word that bridges the gap between basic description and specialized terminology.
One of the most common mistakes learners make is confusing 'irregular' with 'errado' (wrong) or 'anormal' (abnormal). While something irregular is not following a rule, it isn't necessarily 'wrong' in a moral sense. For example, an irregular verb isn't 'wrong'; it's just a different category of correct grammar. Similarly, an irregular shape in art might be the desired outcome. Avoid using 'irregular' when you actually mean 'bad' or 'broken'.
Another mistake is in pluralization. Some learners try to pluralize it as 'irregulares' (correct) but forget that the 'e' is necessary. They might say 'irregulas', which is incorrect. Also, remember that 'irregular' does not have a gendered form. There is no 'irregulo' or 'irregula'. It is always 'irregular' for both 'o caminho' (the path) and 'a estrada' (the road). Finally, be careful with the adverbial form. To say 'irregularly', you must use 'irregularmente'. Using 'irregular' as an adverb (e.g., 'Ele trabalha irregular') is a common error; it should be 'Ele trabalha de forma irregular' or 'Ele trabalha irregularmente'.
To enrich your vocabulary, it's helpful to know words that share a semantic field with 'irregular'. Assimétrico (asymmetrical) is a great substitute when talking specifically about visual or physical lack of balance. If you are talking about something that changes frequently, variável (variable) or instável (unstable) might be more precise. For example, 'clima instável' is often more natural than 'clima irregular' when describing weather that changes from sunny to rainy in an hour.
In a formal or legal context, you might encounter anômalo (anomalous), which suggests a deviation from the scientific or logical norm. If something is disconnected or has gaps, descontínuo (discontinuous) is a strong choice. On the other hand, if you want to describe something that is messy or lacks order, desordenado (disordered) fits well. Understanding these nuances allows you to move beyond the broad umbrella of 'irregular' and provide more specific descriptions in your Portuguese conversations.
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
Conjugation of irregular verbs
Adjective-noun agreement
Pluralization of words ending in -r
Formation of adverbs with -mente
Use of 'ser' vs 'estar' with adjectives
مثالها بر اساس سطح
O verbo 'ir' é irregular.
The verb 'to go' is irregular.
Adjective modifying 'verbo'.
A mesa tem uma forma irregular.
The table has an irregular shape.
Adjective modifying 'forma'.
Eu tenho um horário irregular.
I have an irregular schedule.
Describes frequency.
A pedra é irregular.
The stone is irregular.
Simple predicative use.
O caminho é irregular.
The path is irregular.
Describes physical surface.
Estes verbos são irregulares.
These verbs are irregular.
Plural form 'irregulares'.
Ela tem dentes irregulares.
She has irregular teeth.
Plural adjective.
O desenho é irregular.
The drawing is irregular.
Describes lack of symmetry.
O terreno é muito irregular para construir.
The terrain is too irregular to build on.
Used with 'muito' for intensity.
O pulso dele está um pouco irregular.
His pulse is a bit irregular.
Medical context.
Recebi um pagamento irregular este mês.
I received an irregular payment this month.
Financial context.
A calçada está irregular e perigosa.
The sidewalk is irregular and dangerous.
Coordinated adjectives.
Ele trabalha de forma irregular.
He works in an irregular way.
Adverbial phrase 'de forma irregular'.
A respiração do bebê parece irregular.
The baby's breathing seems irregular.
Describing a biological rhythm.
As margens da folha são irregulares.
The edges of the leaf are irregular.
Plural agreement.
O serviço de ônibus é irregular aqui.
The bus service is irregular here.
Describing service frequency.
Houve uma batida irregular no motor do carro.
There was an irregular knock in the car engine.
Describing a mechanical sound.
A distribuição de luz na sala é irregular.
The distribution of light in the room is irregular.
Describing spatial distribution.
O governo detetou uma situação irregular na empresa.
The government detected an irregular situation in the company.
Administrative/Legal nuance.
Sua frequência na academia tem sido irregular.
Your attendance at the gym has been irregular.
Describing habit consistency.
O artista prefere usar linhas irregulares.
The artist prefers to use irregular lines.
Aesthetic choice.
A chuva caiu de maneira irregular na região.
The rain fell in an irregular manner in the region.
Adverbial phrase.
O terreno acidentado tem um relevo irregular.
The rugged terrain has an irregular relief.
Geographical term.
Encontramos algumas irregularidades no contrato.
We found some irregularities in the contract.
Noun form 'irregularidades'.
O paciente apresenta um ritmo cardíaco irregular.
The patient presents an irregular heart rhythm.
Formal medical terminology.
A imigração irregular é um desafio global.
Irregular immigration is a global challenge.
Sociopolitical context.
O crescimento econômico do país foi irregular na última década.
The country's economic growth was irregular in the last decade.
Economic analysis.
A superfície do satélite é extremamente irregular.
The satellite's surface is extremely irregular.
Scientific description.
A auditoria revelou gastos irregulares na prefeitura.
The audit revealed irregular spending in the city hall.
Legal/Financial context.
O fornecimento de energia é irregular nas zonas rurais.
The power supply is irregular in rural areas.
Infrastructure context.
O tecido tem uma trama irregular proposital.
The fabric has an intentionally irregular weave.
Textile industry term.
A conduta do funcionário foi considerada irregular.
The employee's conduct was considered irregular.
Professional ethics.
A obra literária possui uma estrutura narrativa irregular.
The literary work has an irregular narrative structure.
Literary criticism.
O fenômeno ocorre em intervalos irregulares e imprevisíveis.
The phenomenon occurs at irregular and unpredictable intervals.
Scientific observation.
A distribuição irregular de renda agrava a pobreza.
The uneven distribution of income worsens poverty.
Sociological analysis.
O relevo cárstico é caracterizado por superfícies irregulares.
Karst relief is characterized by irregular surfaces.
Geological terminology.
A métrica do poema é irregular, desafiando a tradição.
The poem's meter is irregular, defying tradition.
Poetic analysis.
Houve uma ocupação irregular do solo urbano.
There was an irregular occupation of urban soil.
Urban planning term.
A flutuação irregular do câmbio prejudica as exportações.
The irregular fluctuation of the exchange rate harms exports.
Macroeconomics.
A peça apresenta uma geometria irregular e vanguardista.
The piece presents an irregular and avant-garde geometry.
Art history.
A guerra irregular exige táticas de guerrilha sofisticadas.
Irregular warfare requires sophisticated guerrilla tactics.
Military science.
A subjetividade do autor manifesta-se em um fluxo irregular de consciência.
The author's subjectivity manifests in an irregular stream of consciousness.
Advanced literary theory.
A cristalização ocorreu de forma irregular devido às impurezas.
Crystallization occurred irregularly due to impurities.
Chemical engineering.
O sistema jurídico tenta mitigar os efeitos de normas irregulares.
The legal system tries to mitigate the effects of irregular norms.
Jurisprudence.
A pulsação das estrelas variáveis é frequentemente irregular.
The pulsation of variable stars is often irregular.
Astrophysics.
O discurso político foi marcado por uma cadência irregular.
The political speech was marked by an irregular cadence.
Rhetorical analysis.
A porosidade irregular da rocha afeta a extração de petróleo.
The irregular porosity of the rock affects oil extraction.
Petroleum geology.
A memória é um processo irregular, seletivo e fragmentado.
Memory is an irregular, selective, and fragmented process.
Philosophical/Psychological context.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Anormal implies something is wrong or strange; irregular just means it lacks a pattern.
Ilegal is against the law; irregular is often just a technical non-compliance.
Torto means physically bent or crooked; irregular is more general (time, shape, rules).
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
نحوه استفاده
'Irregular' is more technical than 'torto' (crooked).
Neutral; fits all registers.
Very high in academic and medical contexts.
-
Adjectives ending in -r do not change to -o or -a for gender.
-
The plural of words ending in -r requires -es.
-
Use the adverbial form to describe how an action is performed.
-
Don't use an adverb where an adjective is needed to describe a noun.
-
Use 'irregular' for technical non-compliance, 'ilegal' for crimes.
نکات
Plural Rule
Always add '-es' to adjectives ending in '-r'. This makes 'irregular' become 'irregulares'. It is a consistent rule in Portuguese. Practice with 'popular' and 'particular' too.
Verbs First
When you hear 'irregular', think of verbs. Most Portuguese learners encounter this word in grammar first. Master the top 10 irregular verbs early. It will boost your confidence significantly.
Initial R
The 'r' in 'irregular' is at the start of the root 'regular'. In Portuguese, an 'r' between vowels is soft, but here it's strong. Treat it like the 'h' in 'house' (Brazilian) or a trill (European). This is key for clarity.
Bureaucracy
In Lusophone countries, 'irregular' is a common administrative term. If your documents are 'irregulares', don't panic. It usually just means you need to provide more info. It is less severe than 'ilegal'.
Descriptive Power
Use 'irregular' to describe nature. Coastlines, mountains, and clouds are rarely 'regulares'. It makes your descriptions sound more natural and poetic. Avoid overusing 'bonito' or 'feio'.
Health Terms
Knowing 'irregular' is useful for doctor visits. You can describe symptoms like 'sono irregular' or 'apetite irregular'. It helps the doctor understand patterns in your health. It is a precise and helpful term.
Adverb Usage
Instead of 'de um jeito irregular', use 'irregularmente'. It sounds more professional and sophisticated in writing. Adverbs ending in '-mente' are common in formal Portuguese. Use them to improve your grade.
News Keywords
Listen for 'irregular' in news about the economy. 'Crescimento irregular' is a phrase you will hear often. It helps you understand the general tone of the report. It usually implies instability or concern.
Soft Criticism
Use 'irregular' to give feedback gently. Instead of saying someone is 'bad', say their work is 'irregular'. It implies they have potential but need more consistency. It is a more polite way to criticize.
Pattern Recognition
Study 'irregular' alongside 'regular'. Seeing the contrast helps you internalize the meaning faster. Draw a straight line and a wavy line in your notebook. Label them to create a visual anchor.
حفظ کنید
ریشه کلمه
Latin
بافت فرهنگی
The 'Processo de Regularização' is a common term for immigrants fixing their 'irregular' status.
Being 'irregular' in social commitments is generally frowned upon, though 'Portuguese time' can be flexible.
Portuguese Manueline style often uses irregular, organic shapes inspired by the sea.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"Você acha que os verbos irregulares são difíceis?"
"O transporte público na sua cidade é regular ou irregular?"
"Você prefere arte com formas simétricas ou irregulares?"
"O seu horário de trabalho é muito irregular?"
"Você já teve problemas com documentação irregular?"
موضوعات نگارش
Descreva um objeto na sua casa que tenha uma forma irregular.
Escreva sobre uma vez que você teve um horário irregular.
Como você se sente ao estudar verbos irregulares?
Descreva o relevo da região onde você nasceu.
Pense em um hábito seu que é irregular. Por que ele é assim?
سوالات متداول
10 سوالÉ um verbo que não segue o padrão normal de conjugação. Ele muda o radical ou as terminações de forma inesperada. Exemplos comuns incluem 'ser', 'ir' e 'fazer'. É fundamental memorizá-los para falar bem. Eles são muito frequentes no dia a dia.
O plural de irregular é 'irregulares'. Você adiciona '-es' ao final da palavra. Isso serve para o masculino e o feminino. Por exemplo: 'caminhos irregulares' ou 'formas irregulares'. É um erro comum esquecer o 'e'.
Irregular significa que algo não segue as normas técnicas ou padrões. Ilegal significa que algo viola a lei criminal. Uma construção pode ser irregular por falta de um papel. Um roubo é sempre ilegal. A distinção é importante em contextos jurídicos.
Sim, mas geralmente descreve o comportamento ou o trabalho da pessoa. Dizer que um funcionário é irregular significa que ele não é constante. Pode ser um elogio ou uma crítica, dependendo do contexto. Normalmente, sugere falta de previsibilidade. Use com cuidado para não ofender.
A pronúncia começa com um 'i' forte, seguido de um 'r' gutural. O 'g' é duro como em 'gato'. Termina com 'lar', onde o 'r' final é suave ou retroflexo. No Brasil, o 'r' inicial é bem marcado. Em Portugal, soa um pouco mais vibrante.
É quando o coração não bate em um ritmo constante. É um termo médico comum em consultas. Pode indicar uma arritmia ou apenas estresse. Se o médico disser isso, ele pedirá mais exames. É um uso muito comum da palavra.
Não, a palavra irregular é uniforme. Ela serve tanto para substantivos masculinos quanto femininos. Dizemos 'o solo irregular' e 'a calçada irregular'. A única mudança permitida é para o plural. Isso facilita o aprendizado para estrangeiros.
O antônimo principal é 'regular'. Outras opções incluem 'constante', 'uniforme' ou 'simétrico'. Escolha o antônimo baseado no contexto específico. Se for sobre formas, use 'simétrico'. Se for sobre tempo, use 'constante'.
Refere-se a algo que não está devidamente documentado ou autorizado. É muito usado para falar de imigrantes sem visto. Também se aplica a empresas sem licença de funcionamento. Indica que algo precisa ser corrigido legalmente. É um termo burocrático frequente.
Basta adicionar o sufixo '-mente' à forma feminina (que é igual à masculina). Assim, temos 'irregularmente'. Significa que algo é feito de maneira irregular. Por exemplo: 'Ele respira irregularmente'. É uma palavra longa, mas útil.
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Summary
Mastering 'irregular' allows you to describe the unpredictable aspects of life, from the 'verbos irregulares' that are essential for fluency to the 'terreno irregular' of the Portuguese landscape. It is a vital tool for moving beyond basic, 'perfect' descriptions into nuanced, real-world communication.
- Irregular describes anything that lacks a steady pattern, symmetry, or adherence to standard rules, whether in grammar, physical shapes, or time.
- In Portuguese grammar, it specifically refers to verbs that do not follow the standard conjugation patterns of -ar, -er, and -ir endings.
- The word is versatile and used in medicine (pulse), geography (terrain), law (non-compliance), and daily life (schedules or surfaces).
- It is a gender-neutral adjective in the singular ('irregular') and adds '-es' for the plural form ('irregulares') for both genders.
Plural Rule
Always add '-es' to adjectives ending in '-r'. This makes 'irregular' become 'irregulares'. It is a consistent rule in Portuguese. Practice with 'popular' and 'particular' too.
Verbs First
When you hear 'irregular', think of verbs. Most Portuguese learners encounter this word in grammar first. Master the top 10 irregular verbs early. It will boost your confidence significantly.
Initial R
The 'r' in 'irregular' is at the start of the root 'regular'. In Portuguese, an 'r' between vowels is soft, but here it's strong. Treat it like the 'h' in 'house' (Brazilian) or a trill (European). This is key for clarity.
Bureaucracy
In Lusophone countries, 'irregular' is a common administrative term. If your documents are 'irregulares', don't panic. It usually just means you need to provide more info. It is less severe than 'ilegal'.
محتوای مرتبط
آن را در متن یاد بگیرید
این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
واژههای بیشتر health
abaixar
A2پایین آوردن یا خم شدن. برای صدا یا قیمت ها استفاده می شود.
abdómen
B1قسمت بدن بین قفسه سینه و لگن؛ شکم. (قسمت بدن واقع بین قفسه سینه و لگن؛ شکم.)
abdômen
A2شکم بخشی از بدن است که بین قفسه سینه و لگن قرار دارد. این بخش شامل اندامهای گوارشی است.
abortar
A2سقط جنین یا متوقف کردن فرآیندی که قبلاً شروع شده است. مثال: 'لغو ماموریت.'
abstinência
A2بیمار از علائم ترک رنج می برد.
abstinente
A2یک فرد پرهیزگار داوطلبانه از لذتها دوری میکند.
acalmar-se
A2آرام شدن و کمتر آشفته یا پر سر و صدا شدن.
acamado
A2بیمار از زمان عمل جراحی خود در رختخواب بستری است.
acaso
A2Acaso به معنی 'تصادفاً' یا 'شاید' است. این کلمه رویدادی غیرمنتظره را توصیف می کند یا احتمالی را بیان می کند.
acidentar
A2او دیروز در بزرگراه دچار حادثه شد.
