B1 Gerunds & Infinitives 1 min read متوسط

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Bengali gerunds turn verbs into nouns by adding '-a' or '-no' to the root, letting them act as subjects or objects.

  • Add '-a' (আ) to most roots: 'kor' (do) becomes 'kora' (doing/to do).
  • Add '-no' (নো) to causative or vowel-heavy roots: 'janano' (informing).
  • Use them as subjects: 'Satar kata bhalo' (Swimming is good).
Verb Root + আ/নো ➔ 🧠 Noun (Subject/Object)

Meanings

A gerund (verbal noun) in Bengali is a verb form that functions as a noun. It names the action itself rather than describing someone performing it.

1

Subjective Usage

When the action itself is the 'doer' or the main topic of the sentence.

“ধূমপান করা স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য ক্ষতিকর। (Smoking is harmful to health.)”

“সাঁতার কাটা একটি ভালো ব্যায়াম। (Swimming is a good exercise.)”

2

Objective Usage

When the action is the receiver of another verb (like 'like', 'start', or 'stop').

“আমি রান্না করা পছন্দ করি। (I like cooking.)”

“সে ছবি আঁকা শিখছে। (He is learning drawing.)”

3

Genitive/Possessive Usage

When the gerund takes the '-r' ending to show relationship or purpose.

“খাওয়ার সময় কথা বলো না। (Don't talk while eating/at the time of eating.)”

“শোয়ার ঘরটি পরিষ্কার করো। (Clean the sleeping room/bedroom.)”

Common Gerund Formations

Verb Root English Meaning Gerund Suffix Bengali Gerund English Gerund
Kor Do -a Kora Doing
Dekh See -a Dekha Seeing
Por Read -a Pora Reading
Kha Eat -oa Khaoa Eating
Ja Go -oa Jaoa Going
De Give -oa Deoa Giving
Likh Write -a Likha Writing
Hata Walk -no Hatano Making walk
Ghum Sleep -ano Ghumano Sleeping
Jan Know -ano Janano Informing

Reference Table

Reference table for Using Gerunds as Subjects or Objects
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Subject Gerund + Verb সাঁতার কাটা ভালো। (Swimming is good.)
Affirmative Object Object + Gerund + Verb আমি বই পড়া ভালোবাসি। (I love reading books.)
Negative Subject Gerund + না + Verb মিথ্যা বলা না ভালো। (Not telling lies is good.)
Genitive (Possessive) Gerund + র খাওয়ার সময় (Eating time)
Locative (Place/Time) Gerund + য়/তে পড়াতে মন দাও (Focus on reading)
With Article Gerund + টা তোমার আসাটা ভালো হয়েছে। (Your coming was good.)
Causative Root + আনো তাকে জানানো দরকার। (Informing him is necessary.)

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
ধূমপান করা স্বাস্থ্যের পক্ষে ক্ষতিকর।

ধূমপান করা স্বাস্থ্যের পক্ষে ক্ষতিকর। (Health warning)

خنثی
ধূমপান করা খারাপ।

ধূমপান করা খারাপ। (Health warning)

غیر رسمی
বিড়ি খাওয়া ভালো না।

বিড়ি খাওয়া ভালো না। (Health warning)

عامیانه
ফুঁকা ছাড়ো ভাই।

ফুঁকা ছাড়ো ভাই। (Health warning)

The Verb-to-Noun Bridge

Gerund (Verbal Noun)

Subject

  • Hata Walking

Object

  • Ranna kora Cooking

Purpose

  • Khaowar For eating

Gerund vs. Continuous Verb

Gerund (Noun)
Kora The act of doing
Continuous (Verb)
Korchi I am doing

Choosing the Suffix

1

Does root end in consonant?

YES
Add -a (আ)
NO
Go to next step
2

Does root end in vowel?

YES
Add -oa (ওয়া) or -no (নো)
NO
Check causative

Common Gerund Categories

🎨

Hobbies

  • Aka (Drawing)
  • Gawa (Singing)
  • Pora (Reading)
🏃

Health

  • Hata (Walking)
  • Dourano (Running)
  • Satar kata (Swimming)
🏠

Daily

  • Ranna kora (Cooking)
  • Ghumano (Sleeping)
  • Khaoa (Eating)

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

বই পড়া ভালো।

Reading books is good.

2

আমি গান গাওয়া পছন্দ করি।

I like singing.

3

সাঁতার কাটা সহজ।

Swimming is easy.

4

চা খাওয়া শেষ।

Drinking tea is finished.

1

বেশি ঘুমানো খারাপ।

Sleeping too much is bad.

2

সে রান্না করা শিখছে।

He is learning cooking.

3

মিথ্যা বলা পাপ।

Telling lies is a sin.

4

এখানে বসা নিষেধ।

Sitting here is prohibited.

1

তোমার আসার খবর আমি জানতাম না।

I didn't know the news of your coming.

2

পড়ার সময় ডিস্টার্ব করো না।

Don't disturb during reading time.

3

সকালে হাঁটা স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য উপকারী।

Walking in the morning is beneficial for health.

4

আমি তার গান শোনা পছন্দ করি।

I like listening to his songs.

1

তার হঠাৎ চলে যাওয়াটা আমাদের অবাক করেছে।

His sudden leaving surprised us.

2

অংক করা আমার কাছে সবসময়ই কঠিন মনে হয়।

Doing math always seems difficult to me.

3

দেশের জন্য কাজ করা আমাদের কর্তব্য।

Working for the country is our duty.

4

বেশি কথা বলা তার স্বভাব।

Talking too much is his nature.

1

সাহিত্য চর্চা করা মনের খোরাক জোগায়।

Practicing literature provides food for the soul.

2

ভুল স্বীকার করা মহত্ত্বের লক্ষণ।

Admitting a mistake is a sign of greatness.

3

অন্যায়ের প্রতিবাদ করা জরুরি।

Protesting against injustice is urgent.

4

সময়ের সঠিক ব্যবহার করা শিখতে হবে।

One must learn to make the right use of time.

1

মনুষ্যত্বের অবমাননা করা ক্ষমার অযোগ্য।

Insulting humanity is unforgivable.

2

প্রকৃতির সান্নিধ্যে থাকা মানসিক প্রশান্তি দেয়।

Being in the proximity of nature gives mental peace.

3

অতীতকে আঁকড়ে ধরে রাখা অর্থহীন।

Holding onto the past is meaningless.

4

জ্ঞানের অন্বেষণ করা মানুষের চিরন্তন প্রবৃত্তি।

Searching for knowledge is man's eternal instinct.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Using Gerunds as Subjects or Objects در مقابل Gerund (-a) vs. Present Continuous (-chi)

Learners use the gerund to describe what they are doing right now.

Using Gerunds as Subjects or Objects در مقابل Gerund (-a) vs. Infinitive (-te)

Both can translate to 'to [verb]' in English.

Using Gerunds as Subjects or Objects در مقابل Gerund (-a) vs. Past Participle (-e)

The '-e' form is used for 'having done' something.

اشتباهات رایج

Ami pora.

Ami porchi.

Don't use the gerund for 'I am doing'. Use the continuous tense.

Boi pori bhalo.

Boi pora bhalo.

You cannot use a conjugated verb as a subject. Use the gerund.

Kha bhalo.

Khawa bhalo.

The root alone cannot be a noun.

Ami gaan gawa.

Ami gaan gai.

Gerunds don't replace simple present verbs.

Khaoa age.

Khawar age.

Gerunds need the genitive '-r' before postpositions like 'age' (before).

Ami ranna pochondo.

Ami ranna kora pochondo kori.

You need the full verbal noun and the verb 'to do' (kori).

Satar kata jani.

Satar katte jani.

For 'knowing how to', the infinitive '-te' is often more natural than the gerund.

Tar asha bhalo hoyni.

Tar asha-ta bhalo hoyni.

Adding '-ta' makes the specific instance of the action more natural.

Ami porar bhalobashi.

Ami pora bhalobashi.

Don't add genitive '-r' when the gerund is a direct object.

Ghumano somoy.

Ghumanor somoy.

Compound nouns usually require the genitive form of the gerund.

Jawa dorkar.

Jaoa dorkar.

Spelling nuance: vowel roots like 'Ja' take 'oa' not just 'a'.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

___ (Gerund) আমার শখ।

আমি ___ (Gerund) পছন্দ করি না।

___ (Gerund) স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য ___।

আপনার ___ (Gerund) দেখে আমি অবাক হলাম।

Real World Usage

Social Media very common

ভ্রমণ করা আমার নেশা। (Traveling is my passion.)

Job Interviews common

আমি টিম পরিচালনা করা জানি। (I know how to manage teams.)

Public Signs constant

এখানে গাড়ি রাখা নিষেধ। (Parking cars here is prohibited.)

Doctor's Office common

আপনার নিয়মিত হাঁটা দরকার। (You need to walk regularly.)

Cooking Apps very common

পেঁয়াজ ভাজা শুরু করুন। (Start frying the onions.)

Travel Agency common

টিকিট কাটা হয়েছে কি? (Has the ticket-cutting/buying been done?)

🎯

The '-ta' Trick

Add '-ta' to your gerund (e.g., 'Kora-ta') to make it sound more natural when it's the specific subject of your sentence.
⚠️

Avoid '-ing' Thinking

Don't assume every English '-ing' is a Bengali '-a'. If it's an action happening now, use the continuous tense instead.
💡

Compound Verbs

Many Bengali verbs are two words (Noun + Kora). The gerund form is always 'Kora'. Example: 'Sahajyo kora' (Helping).
💬

Polite Requests

Using a gerund with 'hobe' (will be/must) is a common way to give polite instructions. 'Ekhane bosha hobe' (Please sit here).

Smart Tips

Always use the gerund form ending in '-a' or '-no'.

Ami ranna pochondo kori. Ami ranna kora pochondo kori.

Add an '-r' to the gerund to make it possessive.

Khaoa pore ami jabo. Khawar pore ami jabo.

Add the article '-ta' to make it sound more natural and specific.

Asha bhalo hoyni. Asha-ta bhalo hoyni.

Remember the 'w' sound glide: 'Jaoa', 'Khawa'.

Jaa bhalo. Jaoa bhalo.

تلفظ

Kora (Ko-ra/Ko-ro)

The 'a' sound

The suffix '-a' is pronounced as a short 'o' sound in West Bengal (like 'bore') but as a clear 'a' in some Bangladeshi dialects.

Kha-wa

Vowel Glides

In words like 'Khaoa', the 'o' and 'a' blend smoothly together.

Subject Emphasis

Satar kata? Bhalo.

Rising intonation on the gerund makes it the topic of a question.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

To make a verb a noun to stay, just add an 'A' and lead the way!

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a verb (like a running man) suddenly freezing into a statue. The statue is the gerund—it's the 'act of running' captured as a thing you can talk about.

Rhyme

Root plus 'A' makes it a noun, Use it as a subject all over town!

Story

A chef named 'Kora' (Doing) loved 'Ranna' (Cooking). He said, 'Ranna kora (Cooking) is my life.' He didn't say 'I am cooking,' he just named the love of his life: the act itself.

شبکه واژگان

KoraPoraKhaoaJaoaDekhaShonaBola

چالش

Write down 5 things you like doing using the gerund form (e.g., 'Ami ___ pochondo kori').

نکات فرهنگی

In Kolkata, the '-a' suffix often sounds more like an 'o'. 'Kora' sounds like 'Koro'.

In many parts of Bangladesh, the 'a' suffix is very distinct and flat.

Formal Bengali uses Sanskrit verbal nouns like 'Gomon' instead of 'Jaoa'.

The Bengali verbal noun suffixes '-a' and '-no' derive from the Sanskrit suffix '-ana' (e.g., 'darshana' -> 'dekha').

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

আপনার কি রান্না করা পছন্দ?

ছুটির দিনে আপনার কি করা ভালো লাগে?

বই পড়া কেন জরুরি বলে আপনি মনে করেন?

বিদেশে থাকা আর দেশে থাকার মধ্যে পার্থক্য কি?

موضوعات نگارش

Write about your favorite hobby using at least 3 gerunds.
Discuss the benefits of exercise.
Compare living in a city versus a village.
Write a formal letter advising someone to stop a bad habit.

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct gerund form of the verb in brackets.

সকালে ___ (hata) স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য ভালো।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: হাঁটা
The subject of the sentence requires the verbal noun (gerund) form 'hata'.
Which sentence is grammatically correct? چند گزینه‌ای

Select the correct option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আমি বই পড়া পছন্দ করি।
When 'reading' is the object of 'like', the gerund 'pora' is used.
Correct the mistake in the following sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ধূমপান করছি স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য খারাপ।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ধূমপান করা
You cannot use the continuous verb 'korchi' as a subject; you must use the gerund 'kora'.
Rearrange the words to form a correct sentence. Sentence Building

শখ / আমার / ছবি / আঁকা

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct.
In Bengali, the subject 'Chobi aka' can come first or after the possessive 'Amar shokh'.
Match the verb root to its gerund form. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Khawa, 2-Kora, 3-Ghumano
Vowel roots take 'oa', consonant roots take 'a', and some take 'ano'.
Is the following statement true or false? True False Rule

A gerund in Bengali can take the genitive ending '-r'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Gerunds are nouns and can take any case ending, including the genitive '-r'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: তুমি কি করছো? B: আমি বই ___।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: পড়ছি
This is a trick! The question asks 'What are you doing?', so you need the continuous tense, not the gerund.
Identify which word is a gerund. Grammar Sorting

Which of these is a gerund?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: যাওয়া
'Jaoa' is the verbal noun (going), while the others are conjugated verbs.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct gerund form of the verb in brackets.

সকালে ___ (hata) স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য ভালো।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: হাঁটা
The subject of the sentence requires the verbal noun (gerund) form 'hata'.
Which sentence is grammatically correct? چند گزینه‌ای

Select the correct option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: আমি বই পড়া পছন্দ করি।
When 'reading' is the object of 'like', the gerund 'pora' is used.
Correct the mistake in the following sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

ধূমপান করছি স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য খারাপ।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ধূমপান করা
You cannot use the continuous verb 'korchi' as a subject; you must use the gerund 'kora'.
Rearrange the words to form a correct sentence. Sentence Building

শখ / আমার / ছবি / আঁকা

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct.
In Bengali, the subject 'Chobi aka' can come first or after the possessive 'Amar shokh'.
Match the verb root to its gerund form. Match Pairs

1. Kha, 2. Kor, 3. Ghum

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Khawa, 2-Kora, 3-Ghumano
Vowel roots take 'oa', consonant roots take 'a', and some take 'ano'.
Is the following statement true or false? True False Rule

A gerund in Bengali can take the genitive ending '-r'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Gerunds are nouns and can take any case ending, including the genitive '-r'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: তুমি কি করছো? B: আমি বই ___।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: পড়ছি
This is a trick! The question asks 'What are you doing?', so you need the continuous tense, not the gerund.
Identify which word is a gerund. Grammar Sorting

Which of these is a gerund?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: যাওয়া
'Jaoa' is the verbal noun (going), while the others are conjugated verbs.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

`Pora` is the specific act of reading, while `Porashona` is a compound gerund meaning 'studying' in general.

Usually, no. With 'pari', we use the infinitive `-te`. For example, `Ami korte pari` (I can do).

It's just a spelling variation. Both represent the same sound and function as the gerund of 'Kha' (eat).

You use the gerund: `Kotha bola bondho koro` (Stop the act of speaking).

The gerund itself is neutral. However, in very formal Bengali, you might use Sanskrit-derived verbal nouns like `Gomon` instead of `Jaoa`.

Generally, no. Actions are abstract and treated as singular nouns in Bengali.

The `-ta` is a definite article. `Kora-ta` means 'the doing' or 'the act of doing' specifically.

Add `na` after it. For example, `Satar na kata` (Not swimming).

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Infinitive (e.g., Comer)

Spanish uses the same form for 'to eat' and 'eating', whereas Bengali has separate forms.

French moderate

Infinitive (e.g., Marcher)

French infinitives don't take case endings like Bengali gerunds do.

German high

Nominalized Infinitive (e.g., Das Laufen)

German uses the exact infinitive form; Bengali modifies the root.

Japanese high

Nominalizers 'no' or 'koto'

Japanese nominalizers are separate particles; Bengali's is a suffix.

Arabic high

Masdar

Arabic Masdars have many complex patterns; Bengali gerunds are very regular.

Chinese low

Verb as Noun

Bengali requires a specific suffix; Chinese does not.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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