حال کامل: For در مقابل Since (مدت زمان و نقطه شروع)
for (مدت زمان) و since (نقطه شروع) رو با زمان حال کامل (Present Perfect) خوب یاد بگیر.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'for' to measure the length of time and 'since' to pinpoint the exact moment something started.
- Use 'for' + a period of time (e.g., for 3 hours, for a decade).
- Use 'since' + a specific point in time (e.g., since 9:00, since Monday).
- Always use the Present Perfect (have/has + V3) to connect that past time to now.
مرور کلی
Present Perfect. اما ستارههای واقعی این نمایش دو تا کلمه کوچولuan: for و since. اونا بهمون میگن که داری یه بازه زمانی رو اندازه میگیری یا داری به یه تاریخ توی تقویم اشاره میکنی.for استفاده میکنی. اگه از اولین تیکتاک وایرالشون طرفدار اون گروه موسیقی ایندی (indie) بودی، داری از since استفاده میکنی. قاطی کردن اینا مثل اینه که کفشات رو لنگه به لنگه بپوشی.I am a gamerو
I have been a gamer since I was fiveهستن. یکیشون یه واقعیته؛ اون یکی یه میراث.
این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
for رو مثل یه کرونومتر و since رو مثل یه تقویم در نظر بگیر.forیه مدت زمان رو اندازه میگیره. برای یه دوره زمانیه. بهمون کل دقایق، ساعتها، روزها یا سالها رو میگه.sinceبه یه زمان شروع اشاره میکنه. برای یه لحظه خاص در گذشتهست که اون کار شروع شده.
I have been here for fifteen minutes.(مجموع کرونومتر).
I have been here since 2:00 PM.(نقطه شروع تقویم/ساعت).
for) یا به خط شروع اشاره کنی (since)؟for استفاده میکنی.forthree daysforsix monthsfora long time
since استفاده کن.sinceMondaysincelast ChristmassinceI graduated
for گولت بزنه که به فکر «هدف» یا «برایِ» بیفتی. ما نمیگیم «این برای توئه». ما میگیم «این برای یه مدتی طول کشید».Present Perfect (have + past participle) استفاده میکنیم. استفاده ازشون با حال ساده یه لحظه کلاسیک «ای وای» (oops moment) هست که بعداً درستش میکنیم.
الگوی ساخت
have/has کرهست، و past participle اون مواد خوشمزه وسطشه. بعدش، تزیین for یا since رو آخرش اضافه میکنی.
have (or 've)
has (or 's)
-ed اضافه کن (مثلاً worked، played).
been، known، had).
for یا since رو انتخاب کن:
for + [Period of time]
since + [Specific point in time]
جدول صرف
| فرم | مثال | ترجمه |
|---|---|---|
| Positive | I have lived here for two years. | من دو ساله که اینجا زندگی میکنم. |
| Negative | She hasn't called since Friday. | او از جمعه تماس نگرفته است. |
| Question | Have you known him for long? | خیلی وقته میشناسیش؟ |
| Short Form | They've been married since 2010. | اونا از سال ۲۰۱۰ ازدواج کردن. |
ترفند حافظه
به حرف S توی Since فکر کن. S برای Starting Point (نقطه شروع) هست.
به حرف O توی fOr فکر کن. O برای periOd (دوره) هست (مثل یه دایره زمان).
یا فقط یادت باشه: For = Four (چهار - عدد). اگه یه عدد دیدی مثل ۴ ساعت، ۵ روز، ۱۰ سال، از for استفاده کن!
کی استفاده کنیم
be, have (برای مالکیت), know, و like.- "I've known my best friend since kindergarten."
- "She's been a vegetarian for six months."
- "He's worked at Google since last year."
- "I've played guitar for ages."
- "I haven't posted on Instagram since my vacation."
- "We've been in this WhatsApp group for three years."
- "I've had this Uber account since 2015."
مکالمات واقعی
Conversation A (At a Party)
Sam
Alex
Sam
since I finished or for five years?Alex
Conversation B (Waiting for Food)
Taylor
Jordan
Taylor
اشتباهات رایج
- 1The
Present SimpleTrap
I am here since Monday.
I have been here since Monday.
since استفاده میکنی، *باید* از Present Perfect استفاده کنی. اگه بگی I am here since Monday، یه انگلیسیزبان میفهمه چی میگی، ولی مغزش خارش میگیره (اذیت میشه).
- 1The
For + DateMistake
for one month.- 1The
Since + DurationMistake
- 1Using
Agowith Since
ago اون رو به یه زمان گذشتهی تمامشده تبدیل میکنه. ساده بگیرش.مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
I lived in Paris for two years.
(الان اونجا زندگی نمیکنم. یه خاطرهست.)I was a student in 2015.
(من الان یه بزرگسال شاغلم.)
I have lived in Paris for two years.
(الان پاریسم، احتمالاً دارم کروسان میخورم.)I have been a student since 2021.
(هنوز امتحان دارم و بیپولم.)
for میتونه با هر دوتاش استفاده بشه! اما معنی تغییر میکنه. با Past Simple، for بهت میگه یه رویداد *تمامشده* چقدر طول کشید. با Present Perfect، میگه یه رویداد *در حال انجام* تا الان چقدر طول کشیده. اما since تقریباً منحصراً دوستِ Present Perfect هست.سؤالات رایج
Can I use for with the future?
آره!
I am going to stay in London for a week.ولی اون یه قانون گرامری دیگهست. فعلاً روی ارتباط «گذشته-به-حال» تمرکز کن.
Is it
for a long timeor
since a long time?
همیشه
for a long time. نمیتونی توی تقویم به «a long time» اشاره کنی.
Can I say since always?
توی گفتار محاوره رایجه ("I've loved pizza since always«)، ولی از نظر فنی »always« یه نقطه در زمان نیست. بهتره بگی »I've always loved pizza."
What about all day?
ما از for با all استفاده نمیکنیم. فقط بگو "I've been working all day." نیازی به for نیست! اضافه کردنش باعث میشه شبیه یه ربات از فیلمهای علمیتخیلی دهه ۷۰ به نظر برسی.
Can since be followed by a sentence?
آره! "I've been happy since I met you." اون «دیدن تو» نقطه شروعه.
تمرین پیشرونده
مشخص کن کلمه زمانی یه «نقطه» (۸:۰۰، دوشنبه) است یا یه «دوره» (۲ ساعت، ۳ هفته).
تمرین کن که با استفاده از for بگی چقدر وقته گوشی فعلیت رو داری.
تمرین کن که با استفاده از since بگی کی یادگیری انگلیسی رو شروع کردی.
سعی کن توی کپشنهای شبکههای اجتماعی یه اشتباه پیدا کنی (همه جا هستن!).
Present Perfect + For/Since Structure
| Subject | Auxiliary | Past Participle | Time Marker |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I / You / We / They
|
have
|
lived here
|
for 5 years
|
|
He / She / It
|
has
|
worked here
|
since January
|
|
I / You / We / They
|
haven't
|
seen him
|
for a week
|
|
He / She / It
|
hasn't
|
called
|
since Tuesday
|
|
Have
|
you
|
been here
|
for long?
|
|
Has
|
she
|
known him
|
since school?
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
I have
|
I've
|
I've been here for an hour.
|
|
You have
|
You've
|
You've known her since 2010.
|
|
He has
|
He's
|
He's worked here for a month.
|
|
She has
|
She's
|
She's been sick since Friday.
|
|
It has
|
It's
|
It's been raining for days.
|
|
We have
|
We've
|
We've lived here since June.
|
|
They have
|
They've
|
They've waited for ages.
|
Meanings
In English, the Present Perfect is used to describe actions that began in the past and continue into the present. 'For' and 'since' are the specific tools we use to tell the listener exactly how long that action has been happening.
Duration (For)
Measuring the total length of time from the start until now.
“She has been a doctor for 20 years.”
“We have waited for ages.”
Starting Point (Since)
Identifying the specific date, time, or event when the action began.
“I have known him since kindergarten.”
“It hasn't rained since last Tuesday.”
Negative Duration
Expressing how long it has been since an event last occurred.
“I haven't eaten for six hours.”
“She hasn't called since her birthday.”
Reference Table
| حرف اضافه | کاربرد | بعدش چی میاد؟ | مثال |
|---|---|---|---|
|
for
|
مدت زمان (چقدر طول کشیده؟)
|
یک دوره زمانی
|
I have lived here for 5 years.
|
|
since
|
نقطه شروع (کی شروع شده؟)
|
یک نقطه زمانی
|
She has studied since 2020.
|
|
for
|
طول یک عمل
|
مقدار زمان
|
We've been waiting for an hour.
|
|
since
|
منشأ یک عمل
|
یک رویداد یا تاریخ مشخص
|
He hasn't called since Monday.
|
|
for
|
کل زمان صرف شده
|
عدد + واحد زمان
|
They have worked on it for weeks.
|
|
since
|
از اون لحظه تا الان
|
جمله گذشته ساده / سال
|
I've known him since we were kids.
|
طیف رسمیت
I have been a resident of this city for over a decade. (residency)
I've lived here for ten years. (residency)
I've been here for ages. (residency)
I've been repping this city since forever. (residency)
حال کامل: For در مقابل Since
استفاده از FOR (مدت زمان)
- چقدر طول کشید؟ Focus on the length of time
- دوره زمانی e.g., 'three years', 'a long time'
- در حال انجام Action is still happening
- شمارش Measuring the stretch of time
استفاده از SINCE (نقطه شروع)
- کی شروع شد؟ Focus on the beginning moment
- نقطه زمانی e.g., '2020', 'last Tuesday'
- تا الان From that point up to the present
- علامتگذاری Pinpointing the start on a timeline
زمینههای رایج
- تجربه How long you've had an experience
- موقعیتها Ongoing states or jobs
- سوالات Often with 'How long...?'
- اخبار Reporting duration of events
For در مقابل Since: مقایسه
انتخاب For یا Since با حال کامل
آیا جمله در مورد یک عمل یا حالتی است که در گذشته شروع شده و هنوز ادامه دارد یا الان مهم است؟
آیا در مورد یک *طول زمان* صحبت میکنی (مثلاً دو ساعت، پنج روز، یک دهه)؟
آیا در مورد یک *لحظه شروع مشخص* صحبت میکنی (مثلاً 2020، دوشنبه گذشته، بچه بودم)؟
عبارات زمانی با For و Since
با FOR
- • two hours
- • a week
- • six months
- • many years
- • a long time
- • ages
با SINCE
- • 2020
- • last Monday
- • I was born
- • the accident
- • this morning
- • he left
مثالها بر اساس سطح
I have been here for two hours.
She has been happy since Monday.
We have had this car for a week.
He has been a student since 2023.
They have lived in this house for ten years.
I haven't seen him since last night.
Has it rained since Friday?
She has worked at the bank for six months.
I've known my best friend since we were in primary school.
He hasn't eaten meat for a very long time.
We've been waiting for the bus for over forty minutes.
How long has she been interested in photography?
The company has been expanding its reach since the new CEO took over.
I've been meaning to call you for ages, but I've been so busy.
Prices have been rising steadily since the beginning of the year.
He's been playing the piano for most of his life.
Since the inception of the project, we have encountered numerous hurdles.
The policy has been in place for what seems like an eternity.
I haven't felt this energized since I was in my early twenties.
They have been living under a cloud of suspicion for several months now.
The landscape has undergone a radical transformation since the industrial era began.
For all the time I've spent researching, I've yet to find a definitive answer.
Since having been granted autonomy, the department has flourished.
The tradition has been upheld for generations, since time immemorial.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners use Past Simple for ongoing actions or Present Perfect for finished ones.
Both relate to time, but 'during' is used with a noun to say *when* something happened, not *how long*.
Learners use 'from' to indicate a starting point with Present Perfect.
اشتباهات رایج
I am here for two days.
I have been here for two days.
I have been here since two hours.
I have been here for two hours.
She has work here since 2010.
She has worked here since 2010.
I have lived here since a long time.
I have lived here for a long time.
I've been here since I was borned.
I've been here since I was born.
He has since Monday been sick.
He has been sick since Monday.
We have known us for years.
We have known each other for years.
I've been knowing him for years.
I've known him for years.
It's been a long time since I don't see him.
It's been a long time since I saw him.
I have lived here since five years ago.
I have lived here for five years.
Since two years, I have been working here.
For two years, I have been working here.
I have for many years sought the truth.
I have sought the truth for many years.
الگوهای جملهسازی
I have been ___ for ___.
She has known ___ since ___.
It has been ___ since ___.
How long have you ___?
Real World Usage
I have worked in sales for over six years.
I've had this pain since yesterday morning.
I've lived in this neighborhood since I was a kid.
I've been waiting for a refund for two weeks.
Software engineer since 2015.
Married to my best friend since '18.
چک ذهنی For در مقابل Since
vs. I've been waiting since 7 PM."زمانها رو قاطی نکن!
for و since معمولاً با زمان حال کامل (Present Perfect) یا حال کامل استمراری (Present Perfect Continuous) میان. اگه کاری هنوز ادامه داره یا به الان مربوطه، از گذشته ساده (Simple Past) با اینا استفاده نکن. I have lived here for a long time.(درست) نه
I lived here for a long time.(اگه هنوز اونجا زندگی میکنی).
به بیوگرافی خودت فکر کن!
تفاوتهای منطقهای
for. ولی برای انگلیسی واضح و قابل فهم برای همه، به همون استفادههای استاندارد پایبند باش. "I've been here for a bit.« (خودمونی) ولی »I've been here for a short time." (استاندارد).استفاده با سوالات
How long...? برای پرسیدن مدت زمان استفاده کنی. How long have you been studying English?جوابش تقریباً همیشه
for یا since داره. "I've been studying for two years.« یا »I've been studying since 2022."Smart Tips
Try to see if you can put the word 'all' before the time. If you can say 'all my life', you can usually use 'for' (for my whole life). If you can't, it's likely 'since'.
Always put the verb after 'since' in the Past Simple.
Start your answer with 'For...' or 'Since...' to immediately give the listener the time context they need.
Use 'Since [Year]' to show your start date at a company. It looks professional and clear.
تلفظ
Contraction Stress
In 'I've been', the 've' is almost silent. The stress is on 'been'.
Since vs. Sins
The 'ce' in 'since' is a sharp 's' sound. Do not pronounce it like 'z'.
For reduction
In fast speech, 'for' often sounds like 'fer'.
Emphasis on Duration
I've been waiting for FIVE hours!
Conveys frustration or surprise at the length of time.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
FOR is for the 'Four' (length) of the journey; SINCE is for the 'Start' of the story.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine 'FOR' as a ruler measuring a piece of string (the duration). Imagine 'SINCE' as a push-pin on a calendar (the starting point).
Rhyme
For is the length, Since is the start; keep them together, don't pull them apart!
Story
I have been a traveler for ten years. I have been in this city since Tuesday. I have had this map for a long time, ever since I left home.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Look at your watch. Write one sentence with 'for' and one with 'since' about how long you have been studying today.
نکات فرهنگی
BrE speakers are very strict about using Present Perfect with 'just', 'already', and 'yet' alongside 'for/since'.
AmE speakers sometimes use the Past Simple with 'for' even if the action is ongoing, though Present Perfect is still preferred in writing.
Using 'since [Year]' is a standard way for companies to show heritage and reliability on logos.
The Present Perfect developed in Germanic languages to express a state resulting from a past action. 'For' comes from Old English meaning 'because of' or 'intended for', while 'since' comes from 'siththan' (after that).
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
How long have you lived in your current house?
What is a hobby you've had since you were a child?
How long have you been studying English, and what has been the hardest part?
Since the pandemic started, how has your daily routine changed?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
I haven't visited my grandparents ___ Christmas.
Christmas یه نقطه زمانی مشخصه، پس since انتخاب درسته.Find and fix the mistake:
They have been living here since five years.
Five years نشون دهنده مدت زمانه، نه نقطه شروع، پس به جای since باید از for استفاده بشه.Choose the correct sentence:
8 AM یه نقطه شروع مشخصه، پس به since نیاز داره. زمان حال کامل هم به درستی استفاده شده.Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
I've been watching (حال کامل استمراری) و for two hours (مدت زمان) استفاده میکنه.Score: /4
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesI have been a teacher ___ 2010.
They have lived in Paris ___ three months.
Find and fix the mistake:
I am knowing him for five years.
I moved here in January. (I have lived...)
1. ___ a long time / 2. ___ I was young / 3. ___ ten o'clock
A: How long have you had that cold? B: ___
Select the grammatically perfect sentence.
We use 'since' with a period of time like 'six weeks'.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesMy phone hasn't stopped ringing ___ I posted that viral video.
I haven't eaten a decent meal for last week.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Llevo estudiando español desde hace un año.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the phrases with `for` or `since`:
How long have you been waiting ___ the bus?
The store is closed since three days.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'No he hablado con ella desde que se mudó.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the expressions with `for` or `since`:
Score: /12
سوالات متداول (8)
Yes, but it means the action is finished. `I lived there for two years` means you don't live there now. `I have lived there for two years` means you still live there.
It is always `for two years`. You use `since` only for a specific date or time, like `since 2022`.
Yes! You can say `since I was a child` or `since I started my job`. The verb in the 'since' clause is usually in the Past Simple.
Use `for` to say how long (for 2 hours). Use `during` to say when something happened (during the movie).
No, that is incorrect. You should say `for a long time` because it is a duration.
Because `be` is a stative verb. We use it to describe states (like being a student or being in a city) that started in the past and continue now.
Generally, no. In English, we use the Present Perfect to show that an action started in the past and continues now.
It is very common in informal, spoken English, but in formal writing, you should use a specific time or `for a very long time`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
desde / hace
English requires the Present Perfect, not the Present Simple.
depuis
English distinguishes between 'for' and 'since' and requires a different verb tense.
seit
English uses two different words (for/since) and the Present Perfect.
kara / aida
Japanese doesn't have a direct 'Present Perfect' equivalent in the same way English does.
mundhu (منذ)
English requires a specific choice between two prepositions.
le (了) / yijing (已经)
Chinese has no verb conjugation for tense, making the 'have + V3' structure very difficult for learners.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
ویدیوهای مرتبط
09:35 Ancient Life as Old as the Universe
04:31 Supreme Court BANS Faithless Electors…………?
08:05 Is This The Biggest Mistake Science Ever Made?
Learn English Tenses: The Present Perfect
Learn English with Bob the Canadian
Master All 4 Present Tenses in 10 Min | English Grammar Lesson | Best Way To Learn English Tenses
Learn English | Let's Talk - Free English Lessons
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آینده استمراری (will be -ing)
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زمان حال کامل در انگلیسی: ارتباط گذشته با حال (ساختار پایه)
Overview Ta hala shode vared-e ye otagh beshi va kamelan yadet bere baraye chi rafti onja? Hameye ma in tajrobe ro dasht...
