A2 noun #3,000 پرکاربردترین 6 دقیقه مطالعه

家庭成员

Family member.

jiātíng chéngyuán
At the A1 level, you learn the basic names for people in your family, like '爸爸' (dad) and '妈妈' (mom). '家庭成员' is a big word, but it just means 'the people in your family'. You might see this word in a very simple textbook when the book introduces the topic of family. At this stage, you don't need to use this word yourself very often. Instead, you say '我家有三口人' (My family has three people). Think of '家庭成员' as the title of a chapter in your book. It helps you group all the words for family together. When you see this word, know that the sentence is talking about the group of people you live with. It is a formal way to say 'family'.
At the A2 level, you are starting to describe your life in more detail. You might use '家庭成员' when you are writing a short introduction about yourself for a class or a form. You should know that '家庭' means 'family' and '成员' means 'member'. So, '家庭成员' are the members of your family. You can use it to talk about how many people are in your family in a slightly more formal way. For example, '我的家庭成员包括爸爸、妈妈和我' (My family members include dad, mom, and me). You will also start to see this word in simple stories or news for learners. It is important to distinguish it from '家人', which you use with friends.
At the B1 level, you can use '家庭成员' to discuss roles and responsibilities within a household. You might talk about how '家庭成员' should help each other with chores or how they spend time together. You are now expected to understand the word in context, such as in a letter from a school or a simple office memo. You should be able to form sentences like '每个家庭成员都应该分担家务' (Every family member should share the housework). You are also learning that Chinese culture values the harmony of '家庭成员'. This word helps you move from basic survival Chinese to more structured, descriptive Chinese used in social interactions and intermediate writing.
At the B2 level, you use '家庭成员' to discuss more complex topics like the changing structure of the Chinese family. You might talk about the 'One-Child Policy' and how it reduced the number of '家庭成员' in a typical household. You can use the term in debates about social issues, such as '如何改善家庭成员之间的关系' (How to improve relationships between family members). You understand that this term is used in sociology and psychology to describe the family as a system. Your vocabulary is now sophisticated enough to choose between '家人', '家庭成员', and '亲戚' based on the level of formality and the specific point you are trying to make in your essays or speeches.
At the C1 level, '家庭成员' is a term you use fluently in professional and academic settings. You might analyze legal documents where '家庭成员' defines who is eligible for certain benefits or who has legal obligations under the 'Marriage Law' of China. You can discuss the nuances of how '家庭成员' are defined in different cultures and how the legal definition in China might include elderly parents due to filial piety laws. You are comfortable using the term in high-level discussions about demographics, urban planning, or social welfare. You recognize the term in literature when an author wants to create a sense of distance or objectivity regarding a character's domestic life.
At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of '家庭成员'. You can use it in philosophical discourses on the evolution of the family unit from the Confucian 'Clan' system to the modern nuclear family. You understand the deep legal and social implications of the term in the 'Hukou' (household registration) system and how '家庭成员' status affects everything from education rights to property inheritance. You can write scholarly articles or give keynote speeches where you use the term to dissect the micro-dynamics of Chinese society. You also appreciate the stylistic choice of using this formal term in creative writing to evoke a specific atmosphere, such as the coldness of a bureaucratic process or the structural integrity of a household.

家庭成员 در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Formal term for family members.
  • Used in official, legal, and academic contexts.
  • Combines '家庭' (family) and '成员' (member).
  • Less emotional than the common word '家人'.

The term 家庭成员 (jiātíng chéngyuán) is a formal and precise way to refer to the individuals who constitute a family unit. While the more common word '家人' (jiārén) is used in daily conversation to express warmth and affection, '家庭成员' is the standard term used in administrative, legal, and sociological contexts. It literally breaks down into '家庭' (family/household) and '成员' (member). In Chinese culture, the definition of a family member has historically been broad, encompassing not just the nuclear family but also the extended kinship network. However, in modern urban China, it most frequently refers to those living under the same roof or those with direct legal ties.

Etymology
The word '家' (jiā) depicts a pig under a roof, symbolizing domesticity and wealth, while '庭' (tíng) refers to a courtyard. '成员' implies a component part of a larger group.
Scope
Typically includes parents, children, spouses, and sometimes grandparents or siblings depending on the household structure.
Formality
High. Used in census forms, school applications, and news reports.

“每个家庭成员都有责任维护家里的整洁。” (Every family member has the responsibility to maintain the cleanliness of the home.)

Understanding this term requires recognizing the shift from the traditional 'big family' (大家庭) to the modern 'small family' (小家庭). In a traditional sense, a family member might include distant cousins or uncles who share a common lineage. In a modern legal sense, it is strictly defined by blood, marriage, or adoption. When filling out a '户口本' (hùkǒu běn - household registration), the '家庭成员' section is where you list every person officially registered at that address.

“调查显示,现代家庭成员之间的沟通时间正在减少。” (Surveys show that communication time between modern family members is decreasing.)

Sociological Context
The 'One-Child Policy' significantly altered the structure of family members for a generation, leading to the '4-2-1' family structure (4 grandparents, 2 parents, 1 child).

Using 家庭成员 correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a collective noun phrase. It is almost always used to describe a group or an individual's status within that group. You cannot simply point to your brother and say '他是我的家庭成员' in a casual setting; it would sound like you are reading from a police report. Instead, you would say '他是我的家人'.

Quantification
Use the measure word '名' (míng) or '位' (wèi) for formal counts. Example: '三名家庭成员' (three family members).
Possession
It is often preceded by '所有' (suǒyǒu - all) or '每位' (měi wèi - every).

“请列出所有共同居住的家庭成员。” (Please list all family members living together.)

In writing, this term is indispensable for essays regarding social issues, demographics, or psychology. It allows for a level of abstraction that '家人' does not provide. For instance, when discussing the impact of economic stress on the family unit, '家庭成员' is the appropriate subject for your sentences. It treats the individuals as components of a system.

“由于工作原因,部分家庭成员不得不分居两地。” (Due to work reasons, some family members have to live in different locations.)

Common Verbs
Commonly paired with '包括' (include), '照顾' (take care of), and '支持' (support).

You will encounter 家庭成员 in specific environments. If you are in China and applying for a visa, opening a bank account, or registering a child for school, you will see this term on every form. It is the 'official' label for your kin.

“在紧急情况下,我们会联系您的家庭成员。” (In case of emergency, we will contact your family members.)

News broadcasts and documentaries frequently use the term when discussing social trends, such as the aging population or the 'empty nest' (空巢) phenomenon. In these contexts, the term emphasizes the demographic aspect of the family. You might also hear it in a hospital setting where doctors discuss hereditary conditions that might affect other '家庭成员'.

“法律规定,家庭成员之间有相互扶助的义务。” (The law stipulates that family members have the obligation to assist each other.)

Legal Documents
Found in inheritance laws, marriage certificates, and insurance policies.
Media
Used in talk shows discussing family dynamics or parenting.

The most frequent mistake learners make is using 家庭成员 in casual conversation. Saying '我爱我的家庭成员' (I love my family members) sounds robotic and unnatural. In such cases, '我爱我的家人' is the correct choice. '家人' implies a bond of love, while '家庭成员' implies a list of names.

Confusion with '亲戚'
'家庭成员' usually refers to the immediate household, while '亲戚' (qīnqi) refers to extended relatives like cousins, aunts, and uncles who live elsewhere.
Measure Word Errors
Avoid using '个' (gè) in formal writing; '名' (míng) is much better suited for '成员'.

“错误:我家有四个家庭成员。 (Too formal for home talk)
正确:我家有四口人。”

Another mistake is forgetting that '家庭成员' is a compound noun. Learners sometimes try to split it or add unnecessary particles. Keep it as a single unit. Also, be careful with the word '成员' (member) - it can apply to clubs or teams, but '家庭成员' is specifically for the family unit.

To truly master 家庭成员, you must understand its neighbors in the semantic field. The Chinese language has a very specific hierarchy for kinship and group belonging.

家人 (jiārén)
The most common term for 'family'. It is warm, personal, and used in 90% of daily speech.
亲属 (qīnshǔ)
A legal term meaning 'relatives'. It is even more formal than '家庭成员' and is used in courtrooms or for inheritance discussions.
家属 (jiāshǔ)
Specifically refers to the 'dependents' or 'family of' a specific person, often used in hospitals or workplaces (e.g., 'patient's family').

“医生正在和病人的家属沟通。” (The doctor is communicating with the patient's family members.)

While '家庭成员' focuses on the individuals as part of a unit, '亲戚' (relatives) focuses on the bloodline outside the immediate home. Understanding these nuances helps you navigate social situations in China without sounding overly clinical or inappropriately casual.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

""

غیر رسمی

""

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

我家有四个家庭成员。

My family has four members.

Basic 'Subject + Verb + Number + Noun' structure.

2

你的家庭成员是谁?

Who are your family members?

Using '谁' (who) to ask about people.

3

家庭成员都很开心。

The family members are all happy.

Using '都' (all) to describe the group.

4

这是我的家庭成员。

These are my family members.

Using '这' (this/these) for introduction.

5

我爱我的家庭成员。

I love my family members.

Simple S-V-O sentence.

6

家庭成员在家里。

The family members are at home.

Using '在' for location.

7

三个家庭成员在吃饭。

Three family members are eating.

Number + Measure Word + Noun.

8

我的家庭成员很少。

My family members are few.

Adjective '少' (few) as a predicate.

1

请写下你所有家庭成员的名字。

Please write down the names of all your family members.

Using '所有' (all) and '的' (possessive).

2

家庭成员之间应该互相帮助。

Family members should help each other.

Using '之间' (between) and '应该' (should).

3

我的家庭成员包括爸爸、妈妈和妹妹。

My family members include dad, mom, and younger sister.

Using '包括' (include) for listing.

4

每个家庭成员都有自己的房间。

Every family member has their own room.

Using '每个' (every) and '自己的' (own).

5

我们家有五位家庭成员。

Our family has five family members.

Using the polite measure word '位'.

6

家庭成员经常一起去公园。

Family members often go to the park together.

Using '经常' (often) and '一起' (together).

7

哪位家庭成员最高?

Which family member is the tallest?

Superlative '最高' (tallest).

8

我介绍一下我的家庭成员。

Let me introduce my family members.

Using '一下' for a brief action.

1

作为家庭成员,我们有责任照顾老人。

As family members, we have the responsibility to take care of the elderly.

Using '作为' (as) to define a role.

2

由于工作忙,家庭成员聚在一起的时间变少了。

Due to busy work, the time family members spend together has decreased.

Using '由于' (due to) and '变' (become).

3

家庭成员的健康是最重要的。

The health of family members is the most important thing.

Using '最' (most) for emphasis.

4

有些家庭成员住得很远。

Some family members live very far away.

Using '有些' (some) and '得' (degree complement).

5

我们需要尊重每一位家庭成员的意见。

We need to respect the opinion of every family member.

Using '尊重' (respect) and '意见' (opinion).

6

家庭成员之间的沟通非常关键。

Communication between family members is very crucial.

Using '关键' (crucial/key).

7

为了家庭成员,他决定换一份工作。

For the sake of his family members, he decided to change jobs.

Using '为了' (for/for the sake of).

8

家庭成员的增加让这个房子显得有点挤。

The increase in family members makes this house seem a bit crowded.

Using '显得' (seem/appear).

1

现代社会的家庭成员结构正在发生深刻变化。

The structure of family members in modern society is undergoing profound changes.

Using '结构' (structure) and '深刻' (profound).

2

法律明确规定了家庭成员之间的扶养义务。

The law clearly stipulates the obligation of support between family members.

Using '明确' (clearly) and '规定' (stipulate).

3

家庭成员的心理健康不容忽视。

The mental health of family members cannot be ignored.

Using '不容' (cannot be/not allowed).

4

由于经济压力,许多家庭成员选择共同创业。

Due to economic pressure, many family members choose to start businesses together.

Using '创业' (start a business).

5

家庭成员的教育背景对孩子的发展有很大影响。

The educational background of family members has a great influence on a child's development.

Using '背景' (background) and '影响' (influence).

6

如何平衡工作与陪伴家庭成员的时间是一个难题。

How to balance work and time spent with family members is a difficult problem.

Using '平衡' (balance) and '难题' (difficult problem).

7

有些家庭成员因为观念不同而产生矛盾。

Some family members have conflicts due to different perspectives.

Using '观念' (perspective/concept) and '矛盾' (conflict).

8

政府为困难家庭成员提供了必要的社会保障。

The government provides necessary social security for family members in difficulty.

Using '提供' (provide) and '保障' (security/guarantee).

1

该政策旨在保障所有家庭成员的合法权益。

This policy aims to protect the legal rights and interests of all family members.

Using '旨在' (aim to) and '权益' (rights and interests).

2

家庭成员间的互动模式往往反映了深层的文化价值观。

The interaction patterns among family members often reflect deep-seated cultural values.

Using '模式' (pattern) and '反映' (reflect).

3

在某些案件中,家庭成员的证词至关重要。

In certain cases, the testimony of family members is of vital importance.

Using '证词' (testimony) and '至关重要' (vital).

4

城市化进程导致了家庭成员在地理空间上的疏离。

The process of urbanization has led to the geographical alienation of family members.

Using '进程' (process) and '疏离' (alienation).

5

家庭成员的收入差距可能会影响家庭的整体和谐。

The income gap among family members may affect the overall harmony of the family.

Using '差距' (gap) and '和谐' (harmony).

6

研究探讨了家庭成员在危机时刻的心理韧性。

The study explored the psychological resilience of family members in times of crisis.

Using '探讨' (explore/discuss) and '韧性' (resilience).

7

家庭成员的社会资本对个人的职业生涯具有显著影响。

The social capital of family members has a significant impact on an individual's career.

Using '社会资本' (social capital) and '显著' (significant).

8

法律对‘家庭成员’的界定在不同语境下可能有所不同。

The legal definition of 'family member' may vary in different contexts.

Using '界定' (definition/delimitation).

1

家庭成员的角色演变折射出社会结构的宏大变迁。

The evolution of family members' roles reflects the grand changes in social structure.

Using '折射' (reflect/refract) and '变迁' (changes).

2

儒家思想对家庭成员间的伦理关系有着严密的规定。

Confucianism has strict regulations on the ethical relationships between family members.

Using '伦理' (ethics) and '严密' (strict/rigorous).

3

在数字化时代,家庭成员的虚拟共存成为一种新常态。

In the digital age, the virtual coexistence of family members has become a new normal.

Using '虚拟共存' (virtual coexistence).

4

家庭成员间的权力博弈往往隐藏在日常生活的琐碎之中。

The power struggles among family members are often hidden in the trivialities of daily life.

Using '博弈' (game/struggle) and '琐碎' (trivialities).

5

文学作品常通过家庭成员的冲突来揭示人性的复杂性。

Literary works often reveal the complexity of human nature through conflicts between family members.

Using '揭示' (reveal) and '复杂性' (complexity).

6

家庭成员的认同感在跨国移民背景下面临严峻挑战。

The sense of identity among family members faces severe challenges in the context of transnational migration.

Using '认同感' (sense of identity) and '严峻' (severe).

7

血缘不再是界定家庭成员的唯一标准,情感契约愈发重要。

Bloodline is no longer the sole criterion for defining family members; emotional contracts are becoming increasingly important.

Using '愈发' (increasingly).

8

家庭成员的个体化倾向与传统家庭主义之间存在张力。

There is a tension between the individualistic tendencies of family members and traditional familialism.

Using '倾向' (tendency) and '张力' (tension).

ترکیب‌های رایج

所有家庭成员
每位家庭成员
核心家庭成员
主要家庭成员
家庭成员结构
家庭成员关系
家庭成员名单
家庭成员背景
照顾家庭成员
保护家庭成员

عبارات رایج

家庭成员组成

家庭成员信息

家庭成员义务

家庭成员权利

家庭成员互动

家庭成员变动

家庭成员健康

家庭成员教育

家庭成员支持

家庭成员分工

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

家庭成员 vs 家人

Informal and emotional.

家庭成员 vs 亲戚

Refers to extended family/relatives.

家庭成员 vs 家属

Refers to dependents or the family of a specific person (e.g., in a hospital).

اصطلاحات و عبارات

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

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به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

家庭成员 vs

家庭成员 vs

家庭成员 vs

家庭成员 vs

家庭成员 vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

نحوه استفاده

scope

Usually refers to the nuclear family in modern contexts.

formal vs informal

家庭成员 is formal; 家人 is informal.

اشتباهات رایج
  • Using it with friends (sounds too cold).
  • Using '口' as a measure word for '成员' (use '位' or '名').
  • Confusing '成员' with '人员' (人员 is more general personnel).
  • Forgetting the '家庭' part and just saying '成员' (too vague).
  • Mispronouncing 'jiātíng' as 'jiātǐng'.

نکات

Forms

When you see this on a Chinese form, list your spouse and children first.

Synonym Choice

Use '家人' for 'I miss my family'. Use '家庭成员' for 'The family members are listed below'.

Measure Words

Remember: 一位家庭成员 (formal), 一个家庭成员 (common).

Hierarchy

In China, family members are often listed in order of age or seniority.

Essays

Use this term in HSK writing to sound more academic.

News

If you hear '家庭成员', the topic is likely social or statistical.

Oral Exams

Introduce your family using '家庭成员' to impress the examiner.

Deconstruction

Family + Member = Family Member. Simple logic!

Rights

This term is used to define who gets inheritance.

Respect

Always speak of your '家庭成员' with respect in formal Chinese settings.

حفظ کنید

ریشه کلمه

Modern compound of '家庭' (family) and '成员' (member). '家庭' appeared in early modern Chinese to translate Western concepts of the domestic unit.

بافت فرهنگی

The household registration system that defines official family members.

The tendency to prioritize the family's needs over individual needs.

The core duty of younger family members to care for elders.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你家有几位家庭成员?"

"你觉得家庭成员之间最重要的品质是什么?"

"在你的国家,家庭成员通常住在一起吗?"

"你会经常和家庭成员聚会吗?"

"家庭成员对你的职业选择有影响吗?"

موضوعات نگارش

描述你的一位家庭成员。

写一写家庭成员之间的一次难忘聚会。

你认为现代社会的家庭成员关系发生了什么变化?

讨论家庭成员在个人成长中的作用。

如果你可以增加一位家庭成员(比如宠物),你会选什么?

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

In a modern, emotional sense, yes, many people now consider pets as '家庭成员'. However, in formal legal documents, it only refers to humans.

It can be both. Like most Chinese nouns, the number is determined by the context or accompanying numbers.

The most polite and formal measure word is '位' (wèi).

'家庭成员' are the people you live with or your immediate family. '亲戚' are relatives like uncles and cousins who usually live elsewhere.

Don't use it when talking to your mom or dad. Don't say '你是我的家庭成员'. Say '你是我的家人'.

Yes, for insurance, emergency contacts, and family-run business discussions.

Yes, if they live with you or are considered part of the core family unit.

Yes, '团队成员' (team member), '俱乐部成员' (club member).

Yes, it appears frequently in HSK 3 and above, especially in reading and writing.

It creates a more formal, comprehensive term for the domestic environment.

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/ 76 درست

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