家庭成员
Family member.
家庭成员 30秒で
- Formal term for family members.
- Used in official, legal, and academic contexts.
- Combines '家庭' (family) and '成员' (member).
- Less emotional than the common word '家人'.
The term 家庭成员 (jiātíng chéngyuán) is a formal and precise way to refer to the individuals who constitute a family unit. While the more common word '家人' (jiārén) is used in daily conversation to express warmth and affection, '家庭成员' is the standard term used in administrative, legal, and sociological contexts. It literally breaks down into '家庭' (family/household) and '成员' (member). In Chinese culture, the definition of a family member has historically been broad, encompassing not just the nuclear family but also the extended kinship network. However, in modern urban China, it most frequently refers to those living under the same roof or those with direct legal ties.
- Etymology
- The word '家' (jiā) depicts a pig under a roof, symbolizing domesticity and wealth, while '庭' (tíng) refers to a courtyard. '成员' implies a component part of a larger group.
- Scope
- Typically includes parents, children, spouses, and sometimes grandparents or siblings depending on the household structure.
- Formality
- High. Used in census forms, school applications, and news reports.
“每个家庭成员都有责任维护家里的整洁。” (Every family member has the responsibility to maintain the cleanliness of the home.)
Understanding this term requires recognizing the shift from the traditional 'big family' (大家庭) to the modern 'small family' (小家庭). In a traditional sense, a family member might include distant cousins or uncles who share a common lineage. In a modern legal sense, it is strictly defined by blood, marriage, or adoption. When filling out a '户口本' (hùkǒu běn - household registration), the '家庭成员' section is where you list every person officially registered at that address.
“调查显示,现代家庭成员之间的沟通时间正在减少。” (Surveys show that communication time between modern family members is decreasing.)
- Sociological Context
- The 'One-Child Policy' significantly altered the structure of family members for a generation, leading to the '4-2-1' family structure (4 grandparents, 2 parents, 1 child).
Using 家庭成员 correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a collective noun phrase. It is almost always used to describe a group or an individual's status within that group. You cannot simply point to your brother and say '他是我的家庭成员' in a casual setting; it would sound like you are reading from a police report. Instead, you would say '他是我的家人'.
- Quantification
- Use the measure word '名' (míng) or '位' (wèi) for formal counts. Example: '三名家庭成员' (three family members).
- Possession
- It is often preceded by '所有' (suǒyǒu - all) or '每位' (měi wèi - every).
“请列出所有共同居住的家庭成员。” (Please list all family members living together.)
In writing, this term is indispensable for essays regarding social issues, demographics, or psychology. It allows for a level of abstraction that '家人' does not provide. For instance, when discussing the impact of economic stress on the family unit, '家庭成员' is the appropriate subject for your sentences. It treats the individuals as components of a system.
“由于工作原因,部分家庭成员不得不分居两地。” (Due to work reasons, some family members have to live in different locations.)
- Common Verbs
- Commonly paired with '包括' (include), '照顾' (take care of), and '支持' (support).
You will encounter 家庭成员 in specific environments. If you are in China and applying for a visa, opening a bank account, or registering a child for school, you will see this term on every form. It is the 'official' label for your kin.
“在紧急情况下,我们会联系您的家庭成员。” (In case of emergency, we will contact your family members.)
News broadcasts and documentaries frequently use the term when discussing social trends, such as the aging population or the 'empty nest' (空巢) phenomenon. In these contexts, the term emphasizes the demographic aspect of the family. You might also hear it in a hospital setting where doctors discuss hereditary conditions that might affect other '家庭成员'.
“法律规定,家庭成员之间有相互扶助的义务。” (The law stipulates that family members have the obligation to assist each other.)
- Legal Documents
- Found in inheritance laws, marriage certificates, and insurance policies.
- Media
- Used in talk shows discussing family dynamics or parenting.
The most frequent mistake learners make is using 家庭成员 in casual conversation. Saying '我爱我的家庭成员' (I love my family members) sounds robotic and unnatural. In such cases, '我爱我的家人' is the correct choice. '家人' implies a bond of love, while '家庭成员' implies a list of names.
- Confusion with '亲戚'
- '家庭成员' usually refers to the immediate household, while '亲戚' (qīnqi) refers to extended relatives like cousins, aunts, and uncles who live elsewhere.
- Measure Word Errors
- Avoid using '个' (gè) in formal writing; '名' (míng) is much better suited for '成员'.
“错误:我家有四个家庭成员。 (Too formal for home talk)
正确:我家有四口人。”
Another mistake is forgetting that '家庭成员' is a compound noun. Learners sometimes try to split it or add unnecessary particles. Keep it as a single unit. Also, be careful with the word '成员' (member) - it can apply to clubs or teams, but '家庭成员' is specifically for the family unit.
To truly master 家庭成员, you must understand its neighbors in the semantic field. The Chinese language has a very specific hierarchy for kinship and group belonging.
- 家人 (jiārén)
- The most common term for 'family'. It is warm, personal, and used in 90% of daily speech.
- 亲属 (qīnshǔ)
- A legal term meaning 'relatives'. It is even more formal than '家庭成员' and is used in courtrooms or for inheritance discussions.
- 家属 (jiāshǔ)
- Specifically refers to the 'dependents' or 'family of' a specific person, often used in hospitals or workplaces (e.g., 'patient's family').
“医生正在和病人的家属沟通。” (The doctor is communicating with the patient's family members.)
While '家庭成员' focuses on the individuals as part of a unit, '亲戚' (relatives) focuses on the bloodline outside the immediate home. Understanding these nuances helps you navigate social situations in China without sounding overly clinical or inappropriately casual.
How Formal Is It?
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難易度
知っておくべき文法
レベル別の例文
我家有四个家庭成员。
My family has four members.
Basic 'Subject + Verb + Number + Noun' structure.
你的家庭成员是谁?
Who are your family members?
Using '谁' (who) to ask about people.
家庭成员都很开心。
The family members are all happy.
Using '都' (all) to describe the group.
这是我的家庭成员。
These are my family members.
Using '这' (this/these) for introduction.
我爱我的家庭成员。
I love my family members.
Simple S-V-O sentence.
家庭成员在家里。
The family members are at home.
Using '在' for location.
三个家庭成员在吃饭。
Three family members are eating.
Number + Measure Word + Noun.
我的家庭成员很少。
My family members are few.
Adjective '少' (few) as a predicate.
请写下你所有家庭成员的名字。
Please write down the names of all your family members.
Using '所有' (all) and '的' (possessive).
家庭成员之间应该互相帮助。
Family members should help each other.
Using '之间' (between) and '应该' (should).
我的家庭成员包括爸爸、妈妈和妹妹。
My family members include dad, mom, and younger sister.
Using '包括' (include) for listing.
每个家庭成员都有自己的房间。
Every family member has their own room.
Using '每个' (every) and '自己的' (own).
我们家有五位家庭成员。
Our family has five family members.
Using the polite measure word '位'.
家庭成员经常一起去公园。
Family members often go to the park together.
Using '经常' (often) and '一起' (together).
哪位家庭成员最高?
Which family member is the tallest?
Superlative '最高' (tallest).
我介绍一下我的家庭成员。
Let me introduce my family members.
Using '一下' for a brief action.
作为家庭成员,我们有责任照顾老人。
As family members, we have the responsibility to take care of the elderly.
Using '作为' (as) to define a role.
由于工作忙,家庭成员聚在一起的时间变少了。
Due to busy work, the time family members spend together has decreased.
Using '由于' (due to) and '变' (become).
家庭成员的健康是最重要的。
The health of family members is the most important thing.
Using '最' (most) for emphasis.
有些家庭成员住得很远。
Some family members live very far away.
Using '有些' (some) and '得' (degree complement).
我们需要尊重每一位家庭成员的意见。
We need to respect the opinion of every family member.
Using '尊重' (respect) and '意见' (opinion).
家庭成员之间的沟通非常关键。
Communication between family members is very crucial.
Using '关键' (crucial/key).
为了家庭成员,他决定换一份工作。
For the sake of his family members, he decided to change jobs.
Using '为了' (for/for the sake of).
家庭成员的增加让这个房子显得有点挤。
The increase in family members makes this house seem a bit crowded.
Using '显得' (seem/appear).
现代社会的家庭成员结构正在发生深刻变化。
The structure of family members in modern society is undergoing profound changes.
Using '结构' (structure) and '深刻' (profound).
法律明确规定了家庭成员之间的扶养义务。
The law clearly stipulates the obligation of support between family members.
Using '明确' (clearly) and '规定' (stipulate).
家庭成员的心理健康不容忽视。
The mental health of family members cannot be ignored.
Using '不容' (cannot be/not allowed).
由于经济压力,许多家庭成员选择共同创业。
Due to economic pressure, many family members choose to start businesses together.
Using '创业' (start a business).
家庭成员的教育背景对孩子的发展有很大影响。
The educational background of family members has a great influence on a child's development.
Using '背景' (background) and '影响' (influence).
如何平衡工作与陪伴家庭成员的时间是一个难题。
How to balance work and time spent with family members is a difficult problem.
Using '平衡' (balance) and '难题' (difficult problem).
有些家庭成员因为观念不同而产生矛盾。
Some family members have conflicts due to different perspectives.
Using '观念' (perspective/concept) and '矛盾' (conflict).
政府为困难家庭成员提供了必要的社会保障。
The government provides necessary social security for family members in difficulty.
Using '提供' (provide) and '保障' (security/guarantee).
该政策旨在保障所有家庭成员的合法权益。
This policy aims to protect the legal rights and interests of all family members.
Using '旨在' (aim to) and '权益' (rights and interests).
家庭成员间的互动模式往往反映了深层的文化价值观。
The interaction patterns among family members often reflect deep-seated cultural values.
Using '模式' (pattern) and '反映' (reflect).
在某些案件中,家庭成员的证词至关重要。
In certain cases, the testimony of family members is of vital importance.
Using '证词' (testimony) and '至关重要' (vital).
城市化进程导致了家庭成员在地理空间上的疏离。
The process of urbanization has led to the geographical alienation of family members.
Using '进程' (process) and '疏离' (alienation).
家庭成员的收入差距可能会影响家庭的整体和谐。
The income gap among family members may affect the overall harmony of the family.
Using '差距' (gap) and '和谐' (harmony).
研究探讨了家庭成员在危机时刻的心理韧性。
The study explored the psychological resilience of family members in times of crisis.
Using '探讨' (explore/discuss) and '韧性' (resilience).
家庭成员的社会资本对个人的职业生涯具有显著影响。
The social capital of family members has a significant impact on an individual's career.
Using '社会资本' (social capital) and '显著' (significant).
法律对‘家庭成员’的界定在不同语境下可能有所不同。
The legal definition of 'family member' may vary in different contexts.
Using '界定' (definition/delimitation).
家庭成员的角色演变折射出社会结构的宏大变迁。
The evolution of family members' roles reflects the grand changes in social structure.
Using '折射' (reflect/refract) and '变迁' (changes).
儒家思想对家庭成员间的伦理关系有着严密的规定。
Confucianism has strict regulations on the ethical relationships between family members.
Using '伦理' (ethics) and '严密' (strict/rigorous).
在数字化时代,家庭成员的虚拟共存成为一种新常态。
In the digital age, the virtual coexistence of family members has become a new normal.
Using '虚拟共存' (virtual coexistence).
家庭成员间的权力博弈往往隐藏在日常生活的琐碎之中。
The power struggles among family members are often hidden in the trivialities of daily life.
Using '博弈' (game/struggle) and '琐碎' (trivialities).
文学作品常通过家庭成员的冲突来揭示人性的复杂性。
Literary works often reveal the complexity of human nature through conflicts between family members.
Using '揭示' (reveal) and '复杂性' (complexity).
家庭成员的认同感在跨国移民背景下面临严峻挑战。
The sense of identity among family members faces severe challenges in the context of transnational migration.
Using '认同感' (sense of identity) and '严峻' (severe).
血缘不再是界定家庭成员的唯一标准,情感契约愈发重要。
Bloodline is no longer the sole criterion for defining family members; emotional contracts are becoming increasingly important.
Using '愈发' (increasingly).
家庭成员的个体化倾向与传统家庭主义之间存在张力。
There is a tension between the individualistic tendencies of family members and traditional familialism.
Using '倾向' (tendency) and '张力' (tension).
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
家庭成员组成
家庭成员信息
家庭成员义务
家庭成员权利
家庭成员互动
家庭成员变动
家庭成员健康
家庭成员教育
家庭成员支持
家庭成员分工
よく混同される語
Informal and emotional.
Refers to extended family/relatives.
Refers to dependents or the family of a specific person (e.g., in a hospital).
慣用句と表現
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間違えやすい
文型パターン
使い方
Usually refers to the nuclear family in modern contexts.
家庭成员 is formal; 家人 is informal.
- Using it with friends (sounds too cold).
- Using '口' as a measure word for '成员' (use '位' or '名').
- Confusing '成员' with '人员' (人员 is more general personnel).
- Forgetting the '家庭' part and just saying '成员' (too vague).
- Mispronouncing 'jiātíng' as 'jiātǐng'.
ヒント
Forms
When you see this on a Chinese form, list your spouse and children first.
Synonym Choice
Use '家人' for 'I miss my family'. Use '家庭成员' for 'The family members are listed below'.
Measure Words
Remember: 一位家庭成员 (formal), 一个家庭成员 (common).
Hierarchy
In China, family members are often listed in order of age or seniority.
Essays
Use this term in HSK writing to sound more academic.
News
If you hear '家庭成员', the topic is likely social or statistical.
Oral Exams
Introduce your family using '家庭成员' to impress the examiner.
Deconstruction
Family + Member = Family Member. Simple logic!
Rights
This term is used to define who gets inheritance.
Respect
Always speak of your '家庭成员' with respect in formal Chinese settings.
暗記しよう
語源
Modern compound of '家庭' (family) and '成员' (member). '家庭' appeared in early modern Chinese to translate Western concepts of the domestic unit.
文化的な背景
The household registration system that defines official family members.
The tendency to prioritize the family's needs over individual needs.
The core duty of younger family members to care for elders.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
会話のきっかけ
"你家有几位家庭成员?"
"你觉得家庭成员之间最重要的品质是什么?"
"在你的国家,家庭成员通常住在一起吗?"
"你会经常和家庭成员聚会吗?"
"家庭成员对你的职业选择有影响吗?"
日記のテーマ
描述你的一位家庭成员。
写一写家庭成员之间的一次难忘聚会。
你认为现代社会的家庭成员关系发生了什么变化?
讨论家庭成员在个人成长中的作用。
如果你可以增加一位家庭成员(比如宠物),你会选什么?
よくある質問
10 問In a modern, emotional sense, yes, many people now consider pets as '家庭成员'. However, in formal legal documents, it only refers to humans.
It can be both. Like most Chinese nouns, the number is determined by the context or accompanying numbers.
The most polite and formal measure word is '位' (wèi).
'家庭成员' are the people you live with or your immediate family. '亲戚' are relatives like uncles and cousins who usually live elsewhere.
Don't use it when talking to your mom or dad. Don't say '你是我的家庭成员'. Say '你是我的家人'.
Yes, for insurance, emergency contacts, and family-run business discussions.
Yes, if they live with you or are considered part of the core family unit.
Yes, '团队成员' (team member), '俱乐部成员' (club member).
Yes, it appears frequently in HSK 3 and above, especially in reading and writing.
It creates a more formal, comprehensive term for the domestic environment.
自分をテスト 76 問
/ 76 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
While '家人' is for the heart and home, '家庭成员' is for the record and the report. Use it when you need to be precise, professional, or when discussing the family as a structured group rather than a group of loved ones.
- Formal term for family members.
- Used in official, legal, and academic contexts.
- Combines '家庭' (family) and '成员' (member).
- Less emotional than the common word '家人'.
Forms
When you see this on a Chinese form, list your spouse and children first.
Synonym Choice
Use '家人' for 'I miss my family'. Use '家庭成员' for 'The family members are listed below'.
Measure Words
Remember: 一位家庭成员 (formal), 一个家庭成员 (common).
Hierarchy
In China, family members are often listed in order of age or seniority.
例文
我的家庭成员都很支持我。