Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
When two vowels meet in Korean, they often merge into one sound to make speaking faster and smoother.
- ㅏ + ㅏ = ㅘ (e.g., 가 + 아 = 가)
- ㅗ + ㅏ = ㅘ (e.g., 오 + 아 = 와)
- ㅜ + ㅓ = ㅝ (e.g., 주 + 어 = 줘)
Overview
- 1同化（Merging）: 同じ母音が重なった場合、一つに吸収されます。「가」＋「아요」は「가아요」とならず、「가요」となります。日本語の「あぁ」が「あー」と長音化する感覚に近いです。
- 2二重母音化（Diphthongization）: 異なる母音が混ざって新しい音を作る現象です。「오」＋「아」が「와（wa）」になるのは、英語の「wa」と同じ音です。口の形を「o」から「a」へ滑らかに動かすことで、一つの音節に収めています。
- SNSやメッセージ: カカオトークなどで友人とやり取りする際、縮約しない文章はまず見かけません。「지금 와요?（今来ますか？）」と書くのが普通です。
- カフェやレストラン: 店員さんに注文する時や、友人に話しかける時、必ずこの縮約形を使います。「커피 마셔요?（コーヒー飲みますか？）」というように、自然な会話のテンポを生み出します。
- プレゼンやスピーチ: 少し丁寧な場であっても、この「해요体」の縮約形は標準的な丁寧語として使われます。つまり、縮約は「崩した言葉」ではなく、「正しい言葉」なのです。
- 1パッチムがあるのに縮約してしまう:
- 1「ㅏ」や「ㅓ」の重複をそのままにしてしまう:
- 1「하다」動詞の「하」を「해」に変えるのを忘れる:
- 1Q: なぜ「가요」は「가」と「아요」の組み合わせなのですか？
- 1Q: 「돼요」と「되어요」はどちらが正しいですか？
- 1Q: 縮約しないと相手に伝わりませんか？
Vowel Contraction Rules
| Stem Vowel | Suffix | Result | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ㅏ
|
아
|
ㅏ
|
가다 -> 가요
|
|
ㅗ
|
아
|
ㅘ
|
오다 -> 와요
|
|
ㅜ
|
어
|
ㅝ
|
주다 -> 줘요
|
|
ㅣ
|
어
|
ㅕ
|
기다리다 -> 기다려요
|
|
ㅐ
|
어
|
ㅐ
|
매다 -> 매요
|
|
ㅔ
|
어
|
ㅔ
|
세다 -> 세요
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contracted Form |
|---|---|
|
보아
|
봐
|
|
주어
|
줘
|
|
되어
|
돼
|
|
하여
|
해
|
Meanings
Vowel contraction occurs when two adjacent vowels merge into a single syllable or a combined vowel sound during conjugation.
Basic Contraction
Merging of stem-final vowels with conjugation suffixes.
“가요”
“와요”
Double Vowel Merging
Merging of two distinct vowels into a diphthong.
“보 + 아 = 봐”
“주 + 어 = 줘”
Reference Table
| 語幹の母音 | 語尾 | 縮約した形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
ㅏ
|
-아요
|
ㅏ (吸収)
|
가다 → 가요
|
|
ㅗ
|
-아요
|
ㅘ (合体)
|
오다 → 와요
|
|
ㅜ
|
-어요
|
ㅝ (合体)
|
배우다 → 배워요
|
|
ㅣ
|
-어요
|
ㅕ (変身)
|
마시다 → 마셔요
|
|
ㅐ
|
-어요
|
ㅐ (吸収)
|
지내다 → 지내요
|
|
하
|
-여요
|
해 (特別)
|
공부하다 → 공부해요
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
갑니다. (Daily movement)
가요. (Daily movement)
가. (Daily movement)
가네. (Daily movement)
韓国語・母音合体ハブ
吸収
- ㅏ + 아 ただの ㅏ
- ㅓ + 어 ただの ㅓ
ブレンド
- ㅗ + 아 ㅘ になる
- ㅜ + 어 ㅝ になる
教科書 vs リアルな会話
縮約すべき？
語幹にパッチム（下の文字）はありますか？
語幹の母音は ㅏ, ㅓ, ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅣ のどれかですか？
「ビッグ5」縮約パターン
消えるタイプ
- • 가다 → 가요
- • 서다 → 서요
混ざるタイプ
- • 오다 → 와요
- • 배우다 → 배워요
変身タイプ
- • 마시다 → 마셔요
- • 기다리다 → 기다려요
レベル別の例文
저는 학교에 가요.
I go to school.
커피를 주세요.
Please give me coffee.
영화를 봐요.
I watch a movie.
여기에 와요.
Come here.
숙제를 해요.
I do homework.
문을 열어줘요.
Please open the door for me.
사과를 깎아요.
I peel the apple.
노래를 불러요.
I sing a song.
그것은 안 돼요.
That is not allowed.
친구를 기다려요.
I am waiting for a friend.
옷을 입혀요.
I dress (someone).
마음을 비워요.
I clear my mind.
그 일을 다 해냈어요.
I finished that work.
그는 나를 속였어요.
He deceived me.
문제를 해결해요.
I solve the problem.
그것을 배워요.
I learn that.
그는 나를 꾀어냈어요.
He lured me out.
그것은 오해예요.
That is a misunderstanding.
그는 나를 쏘아봤어요.
He glared at me.
그것을 꼬아놨어요.
He twisted it up.
그는 나를 옭아맸어요.
He ensnared me.
그것을 핥아먹어요.
I lick it up.
그는 나를 갉아먹어요.
He is gnawing at me.
그것을 틔워내요.
I sprout it.
間違えやすい
Learners think irregular changes are contractions.
Mixing up vowel contraction with particle merging.
Mixing up present and past contractions.
よくある間違い
가아요
가요
오아요
와요
주어요
줘요
하아요
해요
보아요
봐요
되어요
돼요
기다리아요
기다려요
마시어요
마셔요
쓰어요
써요
크어요
커요
쏘아보아요
쏘아봐요
꾀어내어요
꾀어내요
핥아먹어요
핥아먹어요
文型パターン
저는 ___에 가요.
영화를 ___.
커피를 ___.
숙제를 ___.
Real World Usage
뭐 해?
이거 주세요.
열심히 하겠습니다.
영화 봐요!
어디로 가요?
주문해요.
「하다」は最強のショートカット
パッチムがある時はストップ！
チャットでのスピード感
Smart Tips
Always check if they can merge.
Remember it always becomes 해요.
It almost always becomes ㅘ.
It almost always becomes ㅝ.
発音
Diphthong formation
The two vowels are pronounced as one single, gliding sound.
Statement
가요 ↓
Falling intonation for declarative sentences.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of vowels as magnets; if they are the same polarity, they snap together.
視覚的連想
Imagine two puzzle pieces with vowel shapes sliding into each other to form one perfect square.
Rhyme
Vowels meet and start to play, merge together, hip-hooray!
Story
Mr. A and Mr. A were walking. They bumped into each other and became one big Mr. A. Then Mr. O met Mr. A and they danced into a 'Wa' shape. Now they are a happy, shorter family.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write 5 sentences using different verbs and apply the contraction rule for each.
文化メモ
Contractions are the hallmark of the Seoul dialect.
Busan dialect often keeps vowels slightly longer.
Jeju dialect has unique vowel shifts.
Contractions evolved from the need for faster speech in the Joseon Dynasty.
会話のきっかけ
어디에 가요?
무엇을 봐요?
커피를 줘요?
숙제를 해요?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercises저는 학교에 ___.
오다 + 아요 = ?
Find and fix the mistake:
주어요 -> ?
보다 -> ?
Contractions are optional.
A: 어디 가요? B: 집에 ___.
커피 / 주다 / polite
Which uses ㅘ?
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercises유튜브를 ___.
저는 学校に 가아요.
[마셔요] [물을] [저는]
이거 주세요/줘요.
지금 ___.
ペアを作ってください：
英語を ___.
公園で 운동하아요.
I am standing.
仲間外れを選んでください。
Score: /10
よくある質問 (8)
No, they are mandatory in standard Korean.
To make speech faster and more natural.
Yes, almost all verbs follow these rules.
They have their own rules, but still use contractions.
Yes, they are required in writing.
Yes, it is '하 + 여'.
Look at the stem's last vowel.
Very few, mostly irregular verbs.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Contractions like 'del' (de + el).
Korean contractions are mandatory for conjugation.
Elision like 'l'ami' (le + ami).
Korean merges vowels into new sounds.
Contractions like 'ins' (in + das).
Korean is a verb-final, agglutinative language.
None.
Korean has a much more complex vowel system.
None.
Korean uses suffixal conjugation.
None.
Korean is agglutinative.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
関連動画
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