Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Master the four most common English verbs in the past: went, had, did, and made.
- Use 'went' for past movement: 'I went to the park yesterday.'
- Use 'had' for past possession or experiences: 'We had a great dinner.'
- Use 'did' for general actions and 'made' for creating things: 'I did my homework and made a cake.'
Overview
I goed to the gymって送っちゃって、すぐに赤いアンダーラインが引かれたときのあの嫌な感じ、経験あるよね？みんなあるある。英語の動詞はだいたい親切で、ただ-edを付ければいいだけ。でも、ルールがつまんないって言って勝手にルールを作っちゃった「反抗期」の動詞たちがいるんだ。それが「不規則動詞」。今日はその中でも超重要な「ビッグ4」、go、have、do、makeを見ていくよ。これらはただよく使われるだけじゃなくて、英語の会話におけるVIPなんだ。もしこれらを過去形で使えないと、君の話は壊れたロボットみたいに聞こえちゃうかも。週末のことを説明するのに、どこにもwent（行かなかった）、何もhad（持ってなかった/食べなかった）、仕事をdid（しなかった）、計画をmade（立てなかった）なんて、無理でしょ！これらの動詞は、君の過去の経験をつなぎ合わせる接着剤なんだ。-edを使う中、この4つは古くてユニークな形を保っているんだ。このガイドでは、どこへ旅行したか、何を持っていたか、どんなタスクを終わらせたか、そして何を作ったかについて、マスターしていくよ。Instagramで「#TBT」（昔の写真をアップするタグ）を投稿するときも、友達に最高に楽しかった夜の話をするときも、自然に聞こえるためにはこれらの動詞が必要不可欠。何千ものルールを覚えようとしなくて大丈夫。この4つの強力なプレーヤーだけに集中しよう。どうせ日常生活の8割くらいはこいつらがこなしてくれてるんだから。それに、これさえちゃんと使えれば、教科書っぽさが抜けて、地元の人みたいに聞こえ始めるよ。お気に入りのビデオゲームの「裏技」を覚えるようなものだと思って。最初は少し努力がいるけど、後ですべてがずっとスムーズになるからね！How This Grammar Works
walkはwalkedになる。でも、今回のビッグ4は、単語がガラッと変わっちゃうんだ。goがgoedじゃなくてwentになる論理的な理由なんてないんだよね。ただの歴史的な「クセ」みたいなもの。さっきまでコンサートにgoing（行っている）してたと思ったら、次の瞬間（過去の話なら）コンサートにwent（行った）になる。これらの動詞は、元の形と全然似ていないからユニークなんだ。秘密は、これらの単語があまりに古くて一般的すぎて、「標準的」なルールに抵抗したこと。お洒落だと思って今でもガラケーを使ってる友達みたいな感じ。自分流を貫いてるんだね。正しく使うコツは、セットとして見ること。wentを新しい単語だと思わずに、goの「過去バージョン」だと考えよう。ポケモンの進化みたいなものだね、文法版の！
Formation Pattern
went to the mall. | 私はショッピングモールに行きました。
had a pizza. | 私たちはピザを食べました（持っていました）。
did a great job. | よくやったね。
made a TikTok. | 彼女はTikTokを撮りました（作りました）。
did not（またはdidn't）を使って、その後に元の動詞を置くんだ。
didn't go.
didn't make a cake.
didを使って、動詞は基本の形のままにするんだ。
Did you go to the party?
Did they have fun?
didを「過去形磁石」だと思ってみて。メインの動詞から「過去っぽさ」を吸い取っちゃうんだ。didがいれば、メインの動詞はまた自由になって、普通のリラックスした基本の形に戻れる。didが重労働をこなしてくれる親で、子供たち（go、have、do、make）はただリラックスして遊んでいればいい、そんな感じだよ！
When To Use It
- Travel & Logistics: Uberみたいなアプリを使ったり、地下鉄に乗ったりしたなら、どこかへ
went（行った）ことになるね。「Iwentto the airport at 5 AM.（朝5時に空港へ行ったよ。）」 (うわ、早いね！コーヒー飲めてた（had）といいけど。) - Possession & Experiences: 昔使っていたスマホや、食べた食事について話すときは
hadを使おう。「Ihadan iPhone 6 in high school.（高校のときはiPhone 6を使ってたよ。）」とか「Wehadsushi for dinner.（夕飯は寿司だったよ。）」みたいにね。 - Completing Tasks: 宿題からジムのトレーニングまで。「I
did50 pushups this morning.（今朝は腕立て50回やったよ。）」 (筋肉自慢しちゃえ！)とか「Ididthe laundry finally.（やっと洗濯したよ。）」とか。 - Creating Content: これはソーシャルメディアで超重要。「I
madea new playlist on Spotify.（Spotifyで新しいプレイリストを作ったよ。）」とか「Hemadea viral video about his cat.（彼は飼い猫のバズる動画を作ったよ。）」とかね。 - The Zoom Life: オンラインで一日のことを話すとき。「I
hadthree meetings on Zoom today, and Ididabsolutely nothing in all of them.（今日はZoom会議が3つもあったけど、全部でマジで何もしなかったわ。）」
Common Mistakes
goed、haved、doed、makedなんて言わないでね。英語の先生が泣いちゃうし、スマホの自動修正機能もフル稼働することになっちゃう。didと過去形を一緒に使っちゃうことだね。- ✗ Did you went?
- ✓
Didyougo?
doとmakeの混同にも気をつけて。基本的には、動作にはdoを、何か物理的なものを作り出すときにはmakeを使うんだ。宿題はdoする（アクティビティだから）けど、サンドイッチはmakeする（美味しいものを作り出したから）。もしサンドイッチをdoしちゃうと、パンを使って変な儀式でもしてるのかと思われちゃうかも。Contrast With Similar Patterns
Past Simple（I went）とPresent Perfect（I have gone）をよく混同しがち。A2レベルなら、これだけ覚えておいて：*いつ*起きたか（昨日、昨夜、2022年など）を言うときは、絶対にPast Simpleを使わなきゃダメ。
I went to London last year. （特定の時間 = Past Simple）I have been to London.（一般的な経験 = Present Perfect）
それと、規則動詞とも比べてみて。規則動詞は制服みたいなもの。みんな同じ格好（-ed）を着てる。不規則動詞はファッションアイコン。みんな独自のスタイルを持ってるんだ。played、walked、watchedはその他大勢だけど、went、had、did、madeはショーの主役。主役をエキストラみたいに扱っちゃダメだよ！
Quick FAQ
誰が話しているかに関係なく、いつもwentなの？
そうだよ！現在形（goかgoesか使い分けるよね）と違って、過去形は誰に対しても同じ。「I went」「you went」「they went」。みんなが招待されてるパーティーみたいなものだね！
食事のとき、hadとdidはどう違うの？
普通は朝食をhad（食べた）するよね。もし朝食をdidしたと言うと、自分がシェフだったか、「朝食」っていうタスクをこなしたみたいに聞こえるんだ。食べるならhadを使おう。
同じ文の中で、didをメインの動詞と助動詞の両方として使える？
もちろん！変な感じに聞こえるかもしれないけど、正しいんだ。「I did（助動詞）not do（メインの動詞）my homework.」
madeは友達を作るときにも使える？
うん！「I made a lot of friends on my trip.（旅行でたくさん友達ができたよ。）」。「作り出す」っていう抽象的なことのひとつだね。
なんで英語にはこんなに不規則動詞が多いの？
英語は、実は3つの言語がトレンチコートを着て1つのフリをしてるようなものだからなんだ。この4つは言語の中でも一番古い部分から来ていて、変化するのを拒んでるんだ。ノートパソコンからどこうとしない猫みたいに、頑固なんだよね。
2. Negative Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction |
|---|---|
|
Did not go
|
Didn't go
|
|
Did not have
|
Didn't have
|
|
Did not do
|
Didn't do
|
|
Did not make
|
Didn't make
|
The Big Four: Past Simple Forms
| Infinitive | Past Affirmative | Past Negative | Past Question |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Go
|
Went
|
Didn't go
|
Did ... go?
|
|
Have
|
Had
|
Didn't have
|
Did ... have?
|
|
Do
|
Did
|
Didn't do
|
Did ... do?
|
|
Make
|
Made
|
Didn't make
|
Did ... make?
|
Meanings
These four verbs are the most used in English. In the past tense, they do not follow the standard '-ed' rule; they have unique irregular forms that must be memorized to describe yesterday's activities.
Movement (Go -> Went)
To move from one place to another in the past.
“I went to London last year.”
“They went home early.”
Possession/Experience (Have -> Had)
To own something or experience an event in the past.
“I had a red car.”
“We had a party on Saturday.”
General Action (Do -> Did)
To perform a task, activity, or duty in the past.
“I did the laundry.”
“She did her best.”
Creation/Production (Make -> Made)
To create, build, or produce something that didn't exist before.
“He made a sandwich.”
“They made a mistake.”
Reference Table
| 動詞 | 現在形 | 過去形 | 例文 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Go
|
go
|
went
|
I **went** to the gym yesterday.
|
|
Have
|
have
|
had
|
She **had** a great time at the party.
|
|
Do
|
do
|
did
|
We **did** our homework last night.
|
|
Make
|
make
|
made
|
He **made** a delicious dinner.
|
|
Go (negative)
|
do not go
|
did not go
|
They **didn't go** to the concert.
|
|
Have (question)
|
do you have
|
did you have
|
**Did you have** lunch yet?
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
I proceeded to the office. (Workplace)
I went to the office. (Workplace)
I headed to the office. (Workplace)
I bounced to the office. (Workplace)
過去のBig Four
不規則動詞
- Go went
- Have had
- Do did
- Make made
主な使い方
- 完了した行動 Finished events
- 過去の習慣 Regular actions in past
- 物語 Sequence of events
よくある間違い
- -edをつける e.g., *goed*, *haved*
- didの後に e.g., *Did you went*?
規則動詞 vs. 不規則動詞の過去形
過去形を選ぶフローチャート
動詞は「go」、「have」、「do」、「make」ですか？
それは規則動詞ですか？
動詞の活動：過去形
Went (移動)
- • went to the park
- • went on vacation
- • went home early
Had (所有/経験)
- • had a great time
- • had breakfast
- • had a meeting
Did (行動/タスク)
- • did my homework
- • did the laundry
- • did a good job
Made (作成/生産)
- • made a cake
- • made a decision
- • made a mistake
レベル別の例文
I went to the park.
Fui al parque.
I had a sandwich.
Me comí un sándwich.
I did my homework.
Hice mi tarea.
I made a card.
Hice una tarjeta.
We went to Italy last summer.
Fuimos a Italia el verano pasado.
She didn't have any money.
Ella no tenía nada de dinero.
Did you do the laundry?
¿Hiciste la colada?
They made a lot of noise.
Hicieron mucho ruido.
I went to the doctor because I felt ill.
Fui al médico porque me sentía mal.
We had a long discussion about the project.
Tuvimos una larga discusión sobre el proyecto.
He did a great job on the presentation.
Hizo un gran trabajo en la presentación.
She made a mistake in the calculations.
Cometió un error en los cálculos.
The company went bankrupt after the crisis.
La empresa quebró tras la crisis.
I had no choice but to accept the offer.
No tuve más remedio que aceptar la oferta.
The government did everything possible.
El gobierno hizo todo lo posible.
The news made a huge impact on society.
La noticia causó un gran impacto en la sociedad.
The plan went awry from the very beginning.
El plan salió mal desde el principio.
He had the audacity to ask for more.
Tuvo la audacia de pedir más.
The researchers did an exhaustive study.
Los investigadores realizaron un estudio exhaustivo.
The architect made provision for future expansion.
El arquitecto previó una futura ampliación.
His reputation went before him.
Su reputación le precedía.
She had a premonition that something was wrong.
Tuvo la premonición de que algo iba mal.
The witness did more harm than good.
El testigo hizo más daño que bien.
The artist made a name for himself in Paris.
El artista se hizo un nombre en París.
間違えやすい
Learners confuse the past simple 'went' with the past participle 'gone'.
Many languages use one word for both actions.
Learners use 'was' for hunger or age because of L1 interference.
よくある間違い
I goed to the park.
I went to the park.
I haved a coffee.
I had a coffee.
I doed my work.
I did my work.
I maked a cake.
I made a cake.
I didn't went.
I didn't go.
Did you had lunch?
Did you have lunch?
I did a cake.
I made a cake.
I have went there yesterday.
I went there yesterday.
I made my homework.
I did my homework.
She had a shower two hours before.
She had a shower two hours ago.
I did a mistake.
I made a mistake.
文型パターン
I went to ___ with ___.
We had ___ for ___.
She did the ___ and then made ___.
Did you ___ when you went to ___?
Real World Usage
I went to that new bar, had a blast!
I did a lot of research and made a plan for the first month.
I went to Japan for two weeks and had a business visa.
The restaurant made a mistake with my order.
We went hiking and had the best views!
I had a fever yesterday and did a COVID test.
毎日の振り返りで練習しよう
4つの大動詞には「-ed」はつけない！
音に耳を傾けてみよう
日常会話の必須アイテム
Smart Tips
Stop! Think of the word 'went'. It's like 'sent'.
The 'didn't' is a past-tense vacuum. It sucks the past out of the next verb.
Always use 'did'. Did the laundry, did the dishes, did the cleaning.
Use 'had' instead of 'ate'. It sounds much more natural in English.
発音
Went
Rhymes with 'sent' and 'tent'. Short 'e' sound.
Had
Short 'a' sound like 'cat' or 'bad'.
Did
Short 'i' sound like 'sit' or 'pin'.
Made
Long 'a' sound like 'cake' or 'lake'. The 'e' is silent.
Question Intonation
Did you go? ↗
Rising intonation at the end of 'did' questions.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Go-Went, Have-Had, Do-Did, Make-Made. Remember: 'I went to the store and had what I made, then I did the dishes.'
視覚的連想
Imagine a chef who WENT to the kitchen, HAD some flour, MADE a pizza, and then DID the cleaning.
Rhyme
I went to the shop, I had a quick stop, I did what I could, and made something good.
Story
Yesterday was busy. I went to the office at 9 AM. I had a meeting with my boss. We did a lot of planning. Finally, I made a report for the team.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Write four sentences about your day yesterday using each of the Big Four verbs in the past tense.
文化メモ
British speakers often use 'had' for many daily activities like 'had a bath' or 'had a tea' more frequently than American speakers.
Americans often use 'did' in contexts like 'did the dishes' or 'did the laundry' as standard household chores.
Using 'went' for 'visited' is very common in casual conversation across all English-speaking cultures.
These verbs are among the oldest in English, originating from Proto-Germanic roots.
会話のきっかけ
Where did you go last weekend?
What did you have for breakfast today?
What was the last thing you made by hand?
Tell me about a time you did something brave.
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
Last night, I ___ a delicious pizza for dinner.
Find and fix the mistake:
Did you went to the store yesterday?
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesYesterday, I ___ to the cinema.
Which one is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
She maked a delicious cake for my birthday.
He had a car. -> ___ he ___ a car?
Go, Have, Do, Make
A: What did you do? B: I ___ the dishes.
We use 'made' for creating things like food or art.
Sorting: Homework, Laundry, Dishes
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesWe ___ a fantastic time on our vacation last summer.
Choose the correct sentence:
Match the verbs:
My brother doed his homework very quickly.
Translate into English: '¿Hiciste la cena anoche?'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Before the internet, people ___ to the library for research.
Choose the correct sentence:
I didn't made any plans for the weekend.
Translate into English: 'Ella hizo su mejor esfuerzo en la competencia.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the question verb with the answer verb:
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
No, that is incorrect. You should say 'I have gone' (Present Perfect) or 'I went' (Past Simple).
Because 'go' is an irregular verb. Historically, 'went' came from a different verb, 'wend', and replaced the old past form of 'go'.
Use `did` for tasks, work, and chores. Use `made` for creating something new, like food or a craft.
No. In English, we use the verb 'to be' for age. 'I was 20', not 'I had 20'.
Never. Always use 'didn't have'. The word 'didn't' already shows the past tense.
Yes! It is very common. 'I had a burger' means you ate it.
It is still 'did'. For example: 'Did you see him?'
Yes, but in very formal writing, you might replace 'went' with 'attended' or 'proceeded'.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
fui, tuve, hice
Spanish speakers must learn to split 'hacer' into 'do' and 'make'.
suis allé, eu, fait
French uses 'être' or 'avoir' as helpers, while English past simple is one word (went).
ging, hatte, tat, machte
German often uses the perfect tense ('ich bin gegangen') in speech where English uses the simple past ('I went').
itta, atta, shita, tsukutta
Japanese has no 'do-support' (did/didn't) for questions and negatives.
dhahaba, kana ladayhi, fa'ala, sana'a
Arabic doesn't have a direct equivalent for 'have' as a verb; it uses 'at' or 'with' + a pronoun.
qu le, you le, zuo le
Chinese learners must learn to change the verb itself in English, which is a totally new concept.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Continue With
関連動画
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