A2 · 初中級 チャプター 5

The Past: Irregular Actions and Questions

4 トータルルール
46 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of storytelling by speaking confidently about your past experiences and asking friends about theirs.

  • Identify irregular past forms for essential verbs.
  • Construct negative sentences using the did not structure.
  • Formulate questions to engage others about their past actions.
Unlock your past, share your stories.

学べること

Ready to talk about yesterday? This chapter will help you confidently ask Did you...? and say what you did (or didn't!)! Soon, you'll be sharing your past stories using common words like went and "had.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: recount a simple past event using irregular verbs and ask follow-up questions.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Mastering how to talk about the past is a huge step in your English journey. This chapter,
The Past: Irregular Actions and Questions,
will unlock your ability to share stories, describe recent events, and ask others about their experiences. For A2 English grammar learners, this means confidently navigating simple routine tasks and familiar topics, moving beyond just the present tense.
You’ll learn how to ask Did you...? and explain what you did (or didn't!) in clear, understandable English.
We'll focus on some of the most frequent verbs you'll encounter – like go, have, do, and make – and discover how they change in the past. These irregular verbs don't follow the simple -ed rule, but once you memorize them, you'll use them constantly. We'll also tackle other common irregular verbs such as take, get, come, and say.
Learning these fundamental forms is crucial for building fluency and connecting your thoughts about yesterday with your current conversations.
By the end of this guide, you’ll not only recognize these essential past tense forms but also comfortably use them to form negative statements using "didn't
and ask clear questions. This knowledge is key for anyone looking to improve their
English the past: irregular actions and questions" skills, making your conversations much richer and more natural. Get ready to transform your ability to recount events and engage with the world around you!

How This Grammar Works

Talking about completed actions in the past requires a special form of the verb, called the Past Simple. For many verbs, you just add -ed (e.g., *walk* becomes walked). However, many of the most common verbs in English are irregular, meaning they change completely.
This chapter focuses on these vital irregular verbs, particularly the Big Four: go, have, do, and make. You can't avoid these, so learning their past forms – went, had, did, and made – is your first mission. For example,
I go to the park every day
becomes
I went to the park yesterday.
Similarly,
I have coffee
becomes
I had coffee this morning.
Beyond the Big Four, we'll look at other highly frequent irregular verbs: take (past: took), get (past: got), come (past: came), and say (past: said). With these, you can describe a wide range of daily actions, like
She took a photo
or
He came home late.
When you want to say something *didn't* happen in the past, you use the helper verb
did not
(contracted to "didn't
) followed by the main verb in its base form. This is crucial: the main verb *does not* change to its past irregular form after
didn't. For example, I didn't go to the party (not I didn't went").
For questions, you also use
Did
at the beginning, followed by the subject, and then the main verb in its base form. Again, the main verb stays simple. So,
You went to the store
becomes
Did you go to the store?
This pattern applies to all verbs, regular or irregular, when forming negatives and questions in the Past Simple.

Common Mistakes

Learning irregular verbs can be tricky, but recognizing common errors will help you avoid them.
  1. 1Mixing past forms in negatives and questions.
✗ I didn't went to the cinema.
✓ I didn't go to the cinema.
*Explanation: After didn't (or did in a question), the main verb always returns to its base form.*
  1. 1Using 'did' with the past form of the main verb in questions.
✗ Did you had a good time?
✓ Did you have a good time?
*Explanation: Similar to negatives, Did already signals the past, so the main verb have stays in its base form.*
  1. 1Forgetting irregular forms and adding -ed.
✗ I goed to work yesterday.
✓ I went to work yesterday.
*Explanation: Remember that common verbs like go, have, do, and make are irregular and do not take -ed in the past simple.*

Real Conversations

Here are some examples of these patterns in action:

A

A

Hey, how was your weekend? Did you do anything fun?
B

B

Yeah, I went to the beach on Saturday. It was great!
A

A

Oh, nice! What did you do there? Did you swim?
B

B

No, I didn't swim. The water was too cold. I just walked along the shore.
A

A

So, did you make dinner last night?
B

B

No, I didn't make dinner. I had a lot of work. My friend came over, and we just ordered pizza.
A

A

Sounds easy! What did you get?
B

B

We got a large pepperoni. It was delicious!

Quick FAQ

Q

Why do I need to memorize so many irregular verbs in A2 English grammar?

Many of the most common verbs in English are irregular (go, have, do, make, say, take, get). Memorizing them helps you understand and produce daily conversations naturally and confidently when talking about

English the past: irregular actions and questions.

Q

When do I use

did
and when do I use the irregular past verb, like
went
?

You use the irregular past verb (e.g., went, had) in positive statements:

I went home.
You use
did
(or "didn't
) for questions and negative statements, and with
did,
the main verb always goes back to its base form:
Did you go home? or I didn't go home."

Q

Is there a trick to learning irregular verbs, or do I just need to remember them?

Unfortunately, there's no single trick; you generally need to remember them. However, grouping them by similar sound changes (e.g., sing-sang-sung) or by daily usage frequency can help. Consistent practice and exposure are key!

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these irregular past forms constantly. While there aren't significant regional differences in the *forms* themselves (e.g., went is went everywhere), the frequency with which people ask Did you...? and describe past actions is very high. It's essential for informal chats about your day, sharing weekend plans that just happened, or recounting anecdotes.
Learning these patterns well helps you participate smoothly in everyday social interactions, making you sound more natural and fluent.

重要な例文 (8)

1

Last weekend, I **went** to the mountains with friends.

先週末、友達と山に行きました。

ビッグフォー：過去形のGo, Have, Do, Make
2

She **had** a big cup of coffee this morning before work.

彼女は今朝、仕事の前に大きなコーヒーを飲みました。

ビッグフォー：過去形のGo, Have, Do, Make
3

I **took** the last slice of pizza. Sorry!

最後のピザ、私が食べちゃった。ごめんね！

よく使う不規則動詞: took, got, came, said
4

She **got** a new job last month. It's exciting!

彼女は先月、新しい仕事に就きました。すごいね！

よく使う不規則動詞: took, got, came, said
5

I didn't watch that TikTok video you sent.

送ってくれたTikTokの動画、見てないんだ。

過去形否定文: 過去に「しなかった」(didn't)
6

She didn't receive the email about the meeting.

彼女は会議のメールを受け取っていませんでした。

過去形否定文: 過去に「しなかった」(didn't)
7

Did you see my latest Instagram story?

私の最新のインスタストーリー見た？

過去形：疑問文の作り方 (Did you...?)
8

Where did you order the food from?

どこでその食べ物頼んだの？

過去形：疑問文の作り方 (Did you...?)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

毎日の振り返りで練習しよう

一日の終わりに、今日したこと3つ、行った場所1つ、持っていたもの、作ったものを自分や友達に話してみてください。これで記憶がしっかり定着しますよ。「At the end of each day, try to tell yourself (or a friend!) three things you did, one place you went, something you had, and something you made. This active recall strengthens memory.」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ビッグフォー：過去形のGo, Have, Do, Make
💡

フレーズで練習

単語一つ一つを覚えるより、短いフレーズで覚えるのが効果的ですよ。「I took a picture.」「She got a coffee.」「They came late.」のように、文の中で使ってみましょう。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: よく使う不規則動詞: took, got, came, said
💡

動詞の原形が一番の友達！

「didn't」の後ろには、いつも動詞の「もともとの形（原形）」を使います。「did」が過去の意味を全部引き受けてくれるので、動詞はリラックスして原形で大丈夫ですよ。「昨日、映画を見に行かなかったんだ」: "I didn't go to the movies yesterday."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去形否定文: 過去に「しなかった」(didn't)
🎯

「Did」は「スポンジ」みたい

「Did」を、過去形を全部吸い取るスポンジだと思ってください。スポンジが過去形を吸い取ったら、メインの動詞はもう乾いて（＝原型で）大丈夫です！ "Think of 'did' as a sponge that soaks up the past tense. Once the sponge is full, the main verb stays dry and normal."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去形：疑問文の作り方 (Did you...?)

重要な語彙 (6)

went past of go had past of have took past of take said past of say didn't did not yesterday the day before today

Real-World Preview

coffee

Catching up with a friend

Review Summary

  • Subject + past verb (went/had/did/made)
  • Subject + irregular verb (took/got/came/said)
  • Subject + didn't + base verb
  • Did + subject + base verb?

よくある間違い

Once 'did' is used, the main verb must be in its base form. You don't need to use the past form again.

Wrong: Did you went to the store?
正解: Did you go to the store?

In English, we use 'didn't' to make a sentence negative in the past, not 'no'.

Wrong: I no went to school.
正解: I didn't go to school.

Again, 'didn't' forces the verb 'go' to remain in its base form. Never use the past form after 'didn't'.

Wrong: She didn't went home.
正解: She didn't go home.

Next Steps

You've successfully unlocked the power of the past tense! Keep practicing your irregular verbs and don't be afraid to ask questions.

Write a diary entry for your yesterday

Continue to: 過去のドラマを再現！「あの時していたこと」を伝えよう

クイック練習 (10)

正しい過去形を選んで文章を完成させましょう。

Last night, I ___ a delicious pizza for dinner.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: made
「make」の過去形は「made」です。「maked」は間違いですよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ビッグフォー：過去形のGo, Have, Do, Make

文中の間違いを見つけて修正しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Did you went to the store yesterday?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Did you go to the store yesterday?
疑問文で「did」を使う場合、主要動詞は原形（「go」）である必要があります。過去形（「went」）ではありませんよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ビッグフォー：過去形のGo, Have, Do, Make

間違いを見つけて直してください。

Find and fix the mistake:

Where did they bought that phone?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Where did they buy that phone?
「did」を使っているので、動詞「bought」は原型「buy」にする必要があります。「did」がすでに過去を表していますからね。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去形：疑問文の作り方 (Did you...?)

正しい過去形を使っている文はどれですか？

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: We came home late last night.
「come」の過去形は「came」です。「comed」は間違いで、「come」は現在形です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: よく使う不規則動詞: took, got, came, said

文の間違いを見つけて直しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

She didn't finished her homework.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She didn't finish her homework.
「didn't」の後の動詞は、いつも原形にする必要があります。「finished」は「finish」になります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去形否定文: 過去に「しなかった」(didn't)

正しい形を選んで文を完成させましょう。

I ___ (go) to the party last night because I was sick.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: didn't go
「didn't」の後ろには、動詞の原形「go」を使います。「went」のような過去形は使いません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去形否定文: 過去に「しなかった」(didn't)

文中の間違いを見つけて直しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

She sayed goodbye to everyone at the party.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She said goodbye to everyone at the party.
「say」の過去形は「said」で、「sayed」ではありません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: よく使う不規則動詞: took, got, came, said

正しい文を選んでください。

Choose the grammatically correct question:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Did she go to the store?
「Did」は過去の助動詞なので、主要動詞「go」は原型でなければなりません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去形：疑問文の作り方 (Did you...?)

正しい過去形を選びましょう。

Yesterday, I ___ the bus to university.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: took
「take」の過去形は「took」です。「taked」は間違いです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: よく使う不規則動詞: took, got, came, said

正しい形を埋めてください。

Did you ___ (see) the movie yesterday?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: see
「did」の後には、いつも動詞の原型を使います。「Saw」は過去形、「seeing」は現在分詞形なので間違いです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 過去形：疑問文の作り方 (Did you...?)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

「Big Four」は go, have, do, make のことです。それぞれの過去形は went, had, did, made ですね。これらは過去の出来事について話すのに不可欠ですよ。「The 'Big Four' are go, have, do, and make. Their past simple forms are went, had, did, and made respectively. These are essential for talking about past events.」
「-ed」を付けて過去形を作るという標準的なルールに従わないからです。代わりに、goがwentになるように、形が完全に変わってしまうんですよ。「They're called irregular because they don't follow the standard rule of adding -ed to form their past simple. Instead, their forms change completely, like go becoming went.」
動詞の不規則とは、「-ed」を付けて過去形にするという一般的なルールに従わない、という意味です。「take」が「took」になるように、それぞれ独自の形に変化します。「take」が「took」になるのがその例ですね。
この4つの動詞（take, get, come, say）は、英語で最も頻繁に使われる動詞の一つです。これらをマスターすることは、過去の出来事について基本的なコミュニケーションを取る上で不可欠ですよ。例えば、「I got a message.」のように、日常で本当によく使われます。
過去の特定の時間に、ある行動や出来事が「起こらなかった」と伝えるのが主な目的です。過去の行動を否定する時に使います。「朝食を食べませんでした」: "I didn't eat breakfast." のようにね。
助動詞の「did」と「not」（短縮すると「didn't」）を使い、その後に動詞の「原形」を続けます。「主語 + didn't + 動詞の原形」という形になりますよ。
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The Past: States and Regular Actions
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