C1 Verb Moods 13 min read むずかしい

「Unless」をマスターする:例外の達人

「Unless」を使えば、例外をスマートに伝えられます。あなたのC1英語が「sharp」、「confident」、そして「naturally fluent」になる魔法のツールですよ!

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

'Unless' means 'except if' and introduces the only condition that will prevent an event from happening.

  • Use a positive verb after 'unless' because the word itself is negative: 'Unless it rains' (not 'Unless it doesn't rain').
  • In the main clause, use future or present tenses for real possibilities: 'I'll go unless it's cold.'
  • Avoid 'unless' for impossible or counterfactual conditions; use 'if... not' instead: 'If he hadn't helped me (not Unless he had helped me).'
Event A + 🛑 + unless + Condition B (Positive Verb)

Overview

TikTokをスクロールしていると、クリエイターをフォローしない限り(unless)開かない「プロフィールのリンク」を目にすることがありますよね。聞き覚えがありませんか?この unless という短い単語は、英語における究極のゲートキーパー(門番)です。「デイブが来ない限り(unless)、ロードトリップに行くよ」と言う友人のような存在です。これは厳しい境界線を設定します。「〜以外は」というマーカーだと考えてください。if not と似た機能を持ちますが、よりパンチが効いた、決定的な響きがあります。C1レベルでは、単なる基本的なコミュニケーションだけでなく、ニュアンスが求められます。unless は、状況の結果を完全に変えてしまう唯一の特定の事柄を強調することで、表現に磨きをかけます。これは、一般的なルールと、非常に具体的で決定的な例外との違いです。さらに、don'tsnot's が多すぎる、まどろっこしい表現からあなたを救ってくれます。正直なところ、一つの文の中で三重否定を追いかける余裕なんて、私たちの脳にはありません。unless を使って、クリーンで鋭く、現代的な表現を保ちましょう。これは文法のベルベットロープです。条件を満たした人だけが通れるのです。

How This Grammar Works

本質的に、unless は否定的な条件を導入します。基本的には「もし〜でなければ(if... not)」という意味です。しかし、単に置き換えるだけではありません。unless は、付け足しの説明や特定の除外事項のように感じられます。これを使うとき、あなたは「すべてはこの一つの方向に進むが、それを止める可能性がある唯一のことはこれだ」と言っているのです。特定のイベントによってのみ中断されるデフォルトの経路という感覚を作り出します。例えば、「Wi-Fiがまた切れない限り(unless)、Zoom会議に参加するよ」。デフォルトの予定は会議です。Wi-Fiの切断は例外です。「Wi-Fiが切れなければ、会議に参加する」と言おうとすると、少し自信なさげで、確実な予定という感じが薄れます。unless は、約束をしたり、警告を発したり、Uberのドライバーに実際に待ってもらうための条件を設定したりするのに最適です。また、技術的な指示や免責事項(私たちが『同意する』をクリックするためにスクロールして飛ばすあれです)でも非常に一般的です。これは条件の言語であり、アプリ主導でサブスクリプションベースの私たちの世界では、条件はいたるところにあります。

Formation Pattern

1
時制のルールさえ掴んでしまえば、unless を使った文の構成は実は非常に直感的です。これは第1条件文と同じ論理に従います。
2
unless 節:unless + [主語] + [現在単純形の動詞] を使用します。未来のことを話していても、unless 節の中で will を使うことはほとんどありません。これは聞き手にとって大きな違和感となります!
3
主節:ここで結果を説明します。willgoing to、あるいは canmust のような助動詞を使うことができます。
4
パターン:[主節] + unless + [条件節]
5
例:I’m going to cancel my Netflix subscription + unless + they add better shows.
6
パターン:Unless + [条件節], + [主節]
7
例:Unless you have a VIP pass, + you can't enter the backstage area.
8
カンマに注意してください!unless で始める場合は、メインの結果の前に小さな間(カンマ)が必要です。unless が真ん中にある場合は、カンマは不要です。

When To Use It

断定的に聞こえたいときや、確固たる要件を述べているときに unless を使います。あなたの人生の「利用規約」にぴったりです。
  • 警告と脅し: 「この注文を直さない限り(unless)、マネージャーを呼ぶわよ。」
  • 要件: 「この最終試験に合格しない限り(unless)、卒業はできないわよ。」
  • 社交的な予定: 「渋滞に巻き込まれない限り(unless)、8時に会いましょう。」
  • デジタルライフ: 「記号、数字、ユニコーンの血が含まれていない限り(unless)、パスワードは承認されません。」
プロフェッショナルな場面では、unless は境界線を設定するための最良の友となります。計画はあるけれど、潜在的なハードルについては現実的であることを示せます。SNSでは、限定感を演出したり、強い意見を表明したりするために使われます。「ヴィーガンの選択肢がない限り(unless)、あそこでは食べないわ」。ダイレクトで、明快で、混乱の余地を与えません。

Common Mistakes

C1レベルの学習者でさえ、時々これにつまずきます。最大の罠は? 二重否定 です。
✗ 誤り: "I won't go unless you don't come."
✓ 正しい: "I won't go unless you come."
覚えておいてください、unless はすでに「〜でなければ」という意味を含んでいます。もう一つ not を加えると、自分の条件を打ち消してしまったことになります。「ピザが好きじゃないわけじゃない」と言うようなものです。普通に「ピザが好き」と言いましょう!
もう一つの間違いは、仮定の話や非現実的な状況、特に第3条件文(過去の後悔)で unless を使うことです。
✗ 誤り:
I would have helped you unless I had been busy.
✓ 正しい: "I would have helped you if I hadn't been busy."

Contrast With Similar Patterns

対決:Unless vs. If... not
多くの場合入れ替え可能ですが、unless の方がはるかに限定的です。「電話をくれないと悲しい」と言うと、一般的な感情の状態のように聞こえます。「電話をくれない限り(unless)、悲しい」と言うと、電話だけがあなたの幸せを救える*唯一*のもののように聞こえます。
論理的な例外には unless を使いましょう。
例:"You'll be late unless you leave now."

Quick FAQ

Q

unlesscouldmight と一緒に使えますか?

はい! "I might go unless I'm too tired." すでに条件付きの計画に、不確実性の層を加えることができます。

Q

テキストメッセージで unless を使うのは堅苦しすぎますか?

全くそんなことはありません。WhatsAppなどで非常によく使われます。「上司に残業させられない限り(unless)、7時に会おう」。

Tense Consistency with 'Unless'

Main Clause Tense Conjunction Unless Clause Tense Meaning
Future (will + verb)
unless
Present Simple
Future possibility
Present Simple
unless
Present Simple
General truth / Habit
Imperative (Command)
unless
Present Simple
Instruction / Warning
Modal (can/should)
unless
Present Simple
Permission / Advice
Past Simple (Rare)
unless
Past Simple
Past habit/exception

Meanings

A conjunction used to introduce a case in which a preceding statement is not true or a particular situation cannot happen.

1

The Sole Exception

Used to indicate that the following clause is the only thing that could change the outcome.

“I'll be there at 8:00 unless the train is delayed.”

“You can't enter the club unless you are over 21.”

2

The Afterthought Warning

Used at the end of a sentence to add a condition that just occurred to the speaker.

“I'll see you tomorrow—unless you're busy?”

“We should have enough food, unless John brings his five brothers.”

3

Contractual/Legal Limitation

Used to define specific boundaries of an agreement or law.

“No person shall be liable unless negligence is proven.”

“The tenant may not paint the walls unless written consent is provided.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 「Unless」をマスターする:例外の達人
使い方 例文 意味 よく似た表現
Negative Condition
I won't call you unless there's an emergency.
緊急事態がなければ電話しません。
If...not
Requirement/Warning
You can't enter unless you have a ticket.
チケットがなければ入場できません。
Only if
Exception
All deliveries will be accepted unless specified otherwise.
別途指定がない限り、全ての配達は受け付けられます。
Except if
Ultimatum
We'll miss the train unless we leave now!
今出発しないと電車に乗り遅れます!
If we don't
General Rule
The store is open daily unless it's a public holiday.
祝日を除き、店は毎日営業しています。
Except for
Strong Intention
I'm not going to bed unless I finish this chapter.
この章を終わらせなければ寝ません。
Until

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
The project will inevitably fail unless additional funding is secured.

The project will inevitably fail unless additional funding is secured. (Business/Financial)

ニュートラル
The project will fail unless we get more money.

The project will fail unless we get more money. (Business/Financial)

カジュアル
We're doomed unless we get some cash.

We're doomed unless we get some cash. (Business/Financial)

スラング
We're toast unless we get that bread.

We're toast unless we get that bread. (Business/Financial)

「Unless」の世界

UNLESS

意味

  • If Not 条件否定
  • Except If 例外の指定

文法

  • Conjunction 節を繋ぐ
  • Simple Present unless節の動詞の時制

主な使い方

  • Requirements 条件の設定
  • Warnings 否定的な結果の防止
  • Exceptions 通常の逸脱

避けるべきこと

  • Double Negatives Unless + not
  • Until 時間と条件の混同

「Unless」 vs. 「If Not」 vs. 「Until」

Unless (条件)
Unless it rains, we'll go. 雨が降らない限り、行く。
Means: 'Except if' 意味: '〜の場合を除いて'
Focus: Condition 焦点: 条件
If Not (明示的な否定)
If it doesn't rain, we'll go. 雨が降らなければ、行く。
Equivalent meaning, more explicit negative 同等の意味、より明示的な否定
Focus: Condition 焦点: 条件
More verbose より冗長
Until (時間)
We'll wait until it stops raining. 雨が止むまで待つ。
We will wait up to the point it stops raining. 雨が止む時点まで待つ。
Focus: Time 焦点: 時間
When something changes 何かが変化する時

「Unless」を使う時

1

ある条件が満たされないと、何かが起こらないことを伝えたいですか?

YES
「Unless」を検討しましょう。
NO
他の条件文(If, Whenなど)を使いましょう。
2

一般的なルールに対する明確な例外を表現していますか?

YES
「Unless」を使いましょう。
NO
「Except for」や「Apart from」が良いかもしれません。
3

条件節の動詞は否定形ですか(例: 'don't', 'isn't')?

YES
STOP!肯定動詞を使って再構成してください:「Unless it IS raining」。
NO
そのままでOKです!
4

何かが起こる「時点」について言及していますか?

YES
代わりに「Until」を使いましょう。
NO
条件には「Unless」を使い続けましょう。

「Unless」の使われる状況

💬

カジュアル

  • 友達とのメッセージ
  • ゲームのボイスチャット
  • カフェでの会話
  • SNSのキャプション
💼

フォーマル

  • 就職面接
  • 大学での発表
  • 公式文書
  • ビジネスメール
📚

学習

  • 自主学習ノート
  • 授業での議論
  • オンライン教材
  • 試験の指示
🏠

日常

  • 予定を立てる時
  • ルールを設定する時
  • 買い物での決定
  • 旅行の手配

レベル別の例文

1

I will go to the park unless it rains.

I will go to the park except if it rains.

2

We can eat pizza unless you are full.

We can eat pizza except if you are full.

3

I sleep at 10 PM unless I have homework.

I sleep at 10 PM except if I have homework.

4

She is happy unless she is hungry.

She is happy except if she is hungry.

1

I'll call you at 6:00 unless I'm busy.

I will call you at 6:00 except if I am busy.

2

You can't watch TV unless you finish your dinner.

You can't watch TV except if you finish your dinner.

3

Unless it's very cold, we will walk to school.

Except if it is very cold, we will walk to school.

4

I'll buy that shirt unless it's too expensive.

I will buy that shirt except if it is too expensive.

1

You will fail the exam unless you study harder.

You will fail the exam if you do not study harder.

2

I won't go to the party unless you come too.

I will not go to the party if you do not come too.

3

Unless we leave now, we will miss the train.

If we do not leave now, we will miss the train.

4

The dog is very quiet unless someone rings the bell.

The dog is very quiet except if someone rings the bell.

1

Unless the government intervenes, the strike will continue.

If the government does not intervene, the strike will continue.

2

I'm not going to tell him the truth unless he asks me directly.

I am not going to tell him the truth if he does not ask me directly.

3

We'll have the meeting in the garden, unless of course it rains.

We will have the meeting in the garden, except if it rains.

4

Unless you have a permit, you cannot park your car here.

If you do not have a permit, you cannot park your car here.

1

Unless the evidence is irrefutable, the jury is unlikely to convict.

If the evidence is not irrefutable, the jury is unlikely to convict.

2

I wouldn't have mentioned it unless I thought it was important.

I would not have mentioned it if I did not think it was important.

3

The economy will stagnate unless structural reforms are implemented immediately.

The economy will stagnate if structural reforms are not implemented immediately.

4

Unless one is prepared to work long hours, a career in law is difficult.

If one is not prepared to work long hours, a career in law is difficult.

1

Unless the CEO were to resign, the company's reputation remains tarnished.

If the CEO were not to resign, the company's reputation remains tarnished.

2

The treaty is effectively dead, unless, by some miracle, both sides agree to a ceasefire.

The treaty is dead, except if both sides agree to a ceasefire.

3

One cannot fully appreciate the nuance of the poem unless one reads it in the original Latin.

One cannot appreciate the poem if one does not read it in Latin.

4

Unless and until the data is verified, we cannot publish the findings.

If and until the data is not verified, we cannot publish.

間違えやすい

Mastering 'Unless': The Master of Exceptions Unless vs. Until

Learners confuse 'exception' (unless) with 'time' (until).

Mastering 'Unless': The Master of Exceptions Unless vs. Except

Both mean 'exclusion', but 'unless' needs a verb.

Mastering 'Unless': The Master of Exceptions Unless vs. If Not

They are often the same, but 'if not' is for past regrets.

よくある間違い

I will go unless it doesn't rain.

I will go unless it rains.

Unless already means 'if not', so 'doesn't' is extra.

Unless apples, I like fruit.

Except for apples, I like fruit.

Unless must be followed by a clause (subject + verb), not just a noun.

I'll stay home unless it will rain.

I'll stay home unless it rains.

Use present tense after unless, not future 'will'.

Unless you help me?

Will you help me?

Unless is not used for simple requests.

I'm happy unless I'm not hungry.

I'm happy unless I'm hungry.

Double negative makes the opposite meaning.

Unless you don't study, you fail.

Unless you study, you fail.

The condition for failing is NOT studying.

What will happen unless he comes?

What will happen if he doesn't come?

Unless is rarely used in questions about negative outcomes.

I would have come unless I was sick.

I would have come if I hadn't been sick.

Unless is not used for past counterfactuals.

I'll be surprised unless he wins.

I'll be surprised if he doesn't win.

Unless is not used when the condition causes an emotion like surprise.

Unless he had been there, I'd be dead.

If he hadn't been there, I'd be dead.

Unless cannot replace 'if not' in Type 3 conditionals.

文型パターン

I won't ___ unless you ___.

Unless ___ happens, we will ___.

___ is impossible unless ___.

Unless and until ___, nothing will change.

Real World Usage

Job Interviews common

I'm available to start immediately, unless you require a longer notice period.

Texting Friends constant

See u at 8 unless I crash on the sofa lol.

Legal Contracts very common

The deposit is non-refundable unless the landlord cancels.

Ordering Food occasional

I'll take the burger, unless the kitchen is closed?

Travel/Airlines common

Boarding will begin shortly unless there is a gate change.

Social Media common

Don't DM me unless you're buying my art!

💡

UnlessとIf Notの違い

どちらも似ていますが、「unless」はより自然で簡潔に聞こえることが多いんです。「except if」といった明確な例外を強調したい時に使うと、文章がより洗練されてスマートになりますよ。「We won't go unless it's sunny.」
⚠️

二重否定は絶対に避けて!

これはとっても大事なポイント!「unless」自体が「if not」(〜でなければ)という意味を含んでいるので、その後に「don't」や「isn't」、「doesn't」のような否定形を持ってきてはいけません。意味がごちゃ混ぜになって、すごく不自然な英語になってしまいます。「You can't pass unless you study.」
🎯

「例外」から先に考えてみよう

「unless」を使って文を作る時は、「これは〜が起こらない限り、起こる/起こらないだろう」つまり「This will happen/won't happen, *except in the case that*...」のように考えてみてください。このちょっとした思考の切り替えで、いつでも自然で正しい文章が作れるようになりますよ。「I won't call unless there's an emergency.」
🌍

カジュアルな会話で大活躍!

「unless」は、WhatsAppのチャットからゲームのボイスチャットまで、日常英会話で本当によく使われます。これを使いこなせると、微妙な条件表現もスムーズにできるようになり、実際の会話での自信がグンと上がりますよ。「We'll meet at 7 unless you're busy.」
💡

文頭?文末?どちらでもOK!

「unless」の節は文の最初に来ても大丈夫です。その場合は、メインの節の前にコンマを忘れずに挿入してくださいね。「Unless it rains, we'll go for a walk.」とっても簡単でしょう?

Smart Tips

Swap some for 'unless' to improve your lexical variety and sound more like a C1 speaker.

If the government does not act, the crisis will worsen. Unless the government acts, the crisis will worsen.

Stop! Switch to 'if... not'. 'Unless' doesn't work for things that didn't happen.

Unless I had missed the bus, I would have been on time. If I hadn't missed the bus, I would have been on time.

Check if you are asking about a negative result. If so, 'if not' is better.

What will you do unless he pays you? What will you do if he doesn't pay you?

Add 'of course' after 'unless'.

We are finished unless you have questions. We are finished, unless of course you have more questions.

発音

/ənˈles/

Stress on 'Unless'

The second syllable 'less' usually carries more weight and a slightly higher pitch to signal the condition.

I'll be there... [pause] ...unless I'm late.

The 'Unless' Pause

When 'unless' is used as an afterthought, there is a significant glottal stop or pause before it.

Rising-Falling

Unless it RAISES, we'll GO.

Emphasizes the exception clearly.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Unless is 'Except If'. If you can't swap them, don't use it!

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant 'STOP' sign that only disappears if a specific person (the condition) walks through it. If they don't walk through, the sign stays, and you can't pass.

Rhyme

Unless is a mess if you add a 'not', keep the verb positive, give it all you've got!

Story

A king says, 'I will marry the princess unless a dragon eats me.' He is safe and happy. But if he says 'unless a dragon doesn't eat me,' he is asking to be eaten! Always keep the dragon positive.

Word Web

ExceptConditionExceptionRequirementUnlessIf notProvided

チャレンジ

Write three sentences about your weekend plans using 'unless'. One must start with 'Unless' and two must have it in the middle.

文化メモ

In the US and UK, 'unless' is a 'term of art' in contracts to create 'conditions subsequent'—events that can cancel a contract.

Brits often use 'unless' with 'of course' to make a correction sound less aggressive.

In some dialects, 'unless' is replaced by 'lest' or 'without' in very old-fashioned speech, though this is rare now.

Derived from the Middle English phrase 'on lesse' (in a less state).

会話のきっかけ

What is one thing you would never do unless someone paid you a million dollars?

Unless we change our habits, what will happen to the planet?

I'll buy you dinner tonight—unless you have other plans?

Unless the economy improves, how will your industry change?

日記のテーマ

Write about your 'deal-breakers' in a friendship. Use 'unless' at least three times.
Describe a historical event that would have ended differently 'unless' a specific thing happened.
Write a short story about a character who is cursed. They can only speak 'unless' it is a full moon.

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解


Incorrect

正解


Incorrect

正解


Incorrect

正解

Test Yourself

文を完成させる正しい選択肢を選びましょう。

I can't access the website ___ I know the password.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: unless
「Unless」は「私がパスワードを知らないなら」という意味を正しく含んでいます。「If」を使うと、後ろの節で否定が必要になります。「until」は時間を指します。
文中の間違いを見つけて修正しましょう。 Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

She won't apologize unless she isn't wrong.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She won't apologize unless she is wrong.
「Unless」は既に否定的な意味(〜でなければ)を含んでいるので、「isn't」は二重否定になります。正しい形では、「unless」の後に肯定動詞を使います。
正しい英文を入力してください。 翻訳

Translate into English: 'No saldremos a menos que la lluvia pare.'

Answer starts with: ["W...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["We won't go out unless the rain stops.","We will not go out unless the rain stops."]
スペイン語の「a menos que」は英語の「unless」に直接翻訳されます。未来の条件を表す「unless」節では、単純現在形(「stops」)を使うことを忘れないでくださいね。
正しく「unless」を使っている文を選びましょう。 選択問題

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: You won't understand unless you read the instructions.
最初の選択肢は二重否定を使っていて間違っています。三番目の選択肢は意味が変わってしまいます。正しい文は「unless」を「あなたが指示を読まなければ」という意味で使っています。

Score: /4

練習問題

8 exercises
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which sentence is grammatically correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: b
Option B follows the rule: 'unless' + positive verb + present tense.
Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb.

We will be late unless we ___ (leave) now.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: leave
We need a positive present tense verb after 'unless'.
Find the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Unless he had studied, he would have failed the exam.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
You cannot use 'unless' for Type 3 (past) conditionals. Use 'If he hadn't studied'.
Rewrite the sentence using 'unless'. Sentence Transformation

If you don't have a ticket, you can't come in.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
'Unless' replaces 'if not', so the negative 'don't' is removed.
Match the beginning of the sentence to the end. Match Pairs

1. I'll be there... | 2. Unless you're busy... | 3. We'll lose...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-A, 2-B, 3-C
These pairs match the logical exceptions.
Select the best option for a formal context. 選択問題

The contract is binding ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
A is formal and grammatically correct.
Complete the C1-level sentence.

The theory remains valid ___ new evidence comes to light.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: unless
'Unless' introduces the only condition that would invalidate the theory.
Which is NOT a correct use of 'unless'? 選択問題

Identify the incorrect sentence.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a
We don't use 'unless' with verbs of emotion like 'surprised'.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
文を完成させるのに最適な単語を選びましょう。 穴埋め問題

You can't submit the application ___ all fields are completed.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: unless
文中の間違いを特定して修正しましょう。 Error Correction

I can't help you unless you don't tell me what's wrong.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I can't help you unless you tell me what's wrong.
文法的に正しい文を選びましょう。 選択問題

Which statement is grammatically sound?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The project won't launch unless the budget is approved.
その文を自然な英語に翻訳しましょう。 翻訳

Translate: 'No habrá paz a menos que ambos lados negocien.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["There will be no peace unless both sides negotiate.","There won't be peace unless both sides negotiate."]
これらの単語を並べ替えて、「unless」を使った正しい文を作りましょう。 Sentence Reorder

Put these words in order:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: They can't finish unless we help.
メインの節と、論理的な「unless」の条件を結びつけましょう。 Match Pairs

Match the main clauses with their logical `unless` conditions:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
最も適切な選択肢を選びましょう。 穴埋め問題

She won't come to the party ___ she finishes her essay.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: unless
「unless」に関する間違いを修正しましょう。 Error Correction

You won't get a refund unless you didn't return the item.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: You won't get a refund unless you return the item.
最適な選択肢を選びましょう。 選択問題

Select the best option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All employees must attend, unless they have a valid excuse.
英語の同等表現を提供しましょう。 翻訳

Translate: 'No puedo ver Netflix a menos que tenga conexión a internet.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["I can't watch Netflix unless I have an internet connection.","I cannot watch Netflix unless I have an internet connection."]
「unless」を使って正しい文を再構築しましょう。 Sentence Reorder

Build a correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I don't wake up early unless you set the alarm.
文の最初の部分と適切な「unless」の節を組み合わせましょう。 Match Pairs

Pair the first half with the appropriate `unless` clause:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

Score: /12

よくある質問 (8)

Generally, no. Just like 'if', we use the present tense for future meanings: `Unless it rains` (not `Unless it will rain`).

Yes, it often sounds more precise and professional, especially in writing and legal contexts.

Absolutely! Just remember to put a comma after the 'unless' clause: `Unless you help, I'm stuck.`

Because 'unless' already means 'if not'. Adding 'doesn't' creates a double negative, which means 'if he does'.

Only for past habits (e.g., 'He never ate unless he was hungry'). You cannot use it for past regrets/hypotheticals (Type 3).

They are identical in meaning! 'Unless' is just the single-word version.

'Lest' is very archaic and means 'for fear that'. Use 'unless' for exceptions.

Yes! `I won't go unless you go.` This is very common.

Scaffolded Practice

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1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

a menos que

English uses indicative; Spanish uses subjunctive.

French moderate

à moins que

French adds an extra 'ne' which confuses English learners.

German moderate

es sei denn, dass

German word order is much more rigid than English 'unless'.

Japanese partial

~nai kagiri

Japanese logic is 'as long as [negative]', whereas English is 'except if [positive]'.

Arabic high

إلا إذا (illa idha)

Arabic usually places the condition after the main clause.

Chinese moderate

除非 (chúfēi)

Chinese requires a 'partner word' (cai) to complete the logic.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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