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B1 noun #9,000 پرکاربردترین 11 دقیقه مطالعه

家谱

jiāpǔ رتبه 9,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 家谱 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 家谱 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of 家谱 (jiāpǔ) as a 'family book'. It is a book that tells you who your father, mother, grandfather, and grandmother are. In Chinese culture, families are very important, and some families have a special book to write down everyone's names. You might say 'This is my family tree' (这是我的家谱). Even if you don't have a big book, you can use this word to talk about your family history in a simple way. Focus on the characters: 家 (jiā) means 'family' or 'home', and 谱 (pǔ) means a 'list' or 'record'. Together, they make 'family record'. It is a noun. You can use it with the word 'have' (有) or 'see' (看). For example: 'I have a family tree' (我有家谱).

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At the A2 level, you should understand that 家谱 (jiāpǔ) is a formal way to talk about ancestry. It is more than just a list; it is a document. You might learn to use it with adjectives like 'old' (老的) or 'long' (长的). For example, 'My family has a very old family tree' (我家有一本很老的家谱). You can also use it when talking about your relatives. If you find a new cousin, you might say they are 'in the family tree'. At this level, you can start using the classifier 本 (běn), which is used for books. 'A family tree' is 一本家谱. You might also hear this word during Chinese holidays like the Spring Festival when people talk about their ancestors.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to understand the cultural importance of the 家谱 (jiāpǔ) in Chinese society. It is not just a hobby; it is a way to show respect to ancestors (filial piety). You should be able to use verbs like 查 (chá - to check) or 发现 (fāxiàn - to discover) with it. For example, 'I discovered many interesting things while checking the family tree' (我在查家谱时发现了很多有趣的事情). You should also know that a 家谱 often contains more than just names; it includes stories and family rules. This level requires you to use the word in sentences about identity and heritage. You might discuss why it is important to 'keep' or 'save' (保存) the family tree for the future.

At the B2 level, you should be able to discuss the process of creating or updating a 家谱 (jiāpǔ). Use formal verbs like 编纂 (biānzuǎn - to compile) or 修 (xiū - to update/repair). You should understand the difference between 家谱 and 族谱 (zúpǔ), noting that the latter refers to a larger clan. You can talk about the sociological role of these documents in traditional Chinese villages. For instance, 'The compilation of the family tree helped strengthen the bonds between clan members' (编纂家谱有助于加强宗族成员之间的联系). You should also be able to understand more complex sentences where 家谱 is used in the context of historical research or 'root-seeking' (寻根) journeys by overseas Chinese.

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At the C1 level, you should treat 家谱 (jiāpǔ) as a primary historical source. You can analyze its contents, such as the 家训 (jiāxùn - family instructions) or 世系 (shìxì - lineage). You should be able to discuss the impact of historical events (like the Cultural Revolution) on the preservation of these documents. Your vocabulary should include terms like 谱牒学 (pǔdiéxué - genealogy) and 传承 (chuánchéng - to pass down/inherit). You might use the word in an academic or professional context, perhaps discussing how DNA technology is being used to verify claims made in ancient 家谱. You should be comfortable reading complex texts that describe the migration of families as documented in their genealogical records.

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At the C2 level, you possess a deep understanding of the historiographical value of 家谱 (jiāpǔ). You can discuss the nuances of different types of genealogical records, such as 支谱 (zhīpǔ - branch records) vs. 大统谱 (dàtǒngpǔ - general records). You can critically evaluate the reliability of these documents, acknowledging that they were sometimes 'embellished' to claim descent from famous historical figures. You can use the word in high-level debates about cultural identity, the evolution of the Chinese family structure, and the tension between traditional clan loyalty and modern state-building. You are capable of translating or interpreting ancient genealogical prefaces written in Classical Chinese, which are often included at the beginning of a 家谱.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

家谱 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Jiapu is a Chinese genealogical record documenting family lineage and history across multiple generations.
It serves as a vital cultural tool for ancestral worship and maintaining family identity.
Commonly called a 'family tree' in English, but it is often a detailed multi-volume book.
It includes names, biographies, family rules, and migration histories of a specific clan.

The term 家谱 (jiāpǔ) is a profound cultural artifact in Chinese society, representing much more than a simple list of names. It is a comprehensive genealogical record that traces the lineage, history, and achievements of a family or clan across generations. Historically, the 家谱 served as the spiritual and legal backbone of the family unit, documenting births, deaths, marriages, and the moral codes by which the family lived. In modern contexts, while the ritualistic weight has shifted, it remains a vital tool for those seeking to understand their roots and maintain a sense of continuity in a rapidly changing world.

Cultural Significance: In traditional Chinese culture, filial piety (孝, xiào) is the cornerstone of social ethics. Maintaining a 家谱 is considered a supreme act of filial piety because it honors the ancestors and ensures they are not forgotten by future generations. It is often kept in the ancestral hall (祠堂) and updated with great ceremony.

他在老家的祠堂里找到了那本尘封已久的家谱。(He found that long-dusty family tree in the ancestral hall of his hometown.)

When people use the word today, they might be referring to a physical book, a digital database, or the abstract concept of their ancestry. It is common to hear it during the Qingming Festival (Tomb-Sweeping Day) or Chinese New Year, when families gather and reflect on their shared heritage. Younger generations are increasingly using digital platforms to 'repair' or 'recompile' (修) their 家谱, blending ancient tradition with modern technology.

The Structure of a Jiapu: A typical 家谱 contains several sections: the 'Preface' (序言) explaining the family's origins, the 'Genealogy Chart' (世系表) showing the lineage, 'Biographies' (传记) of distinguished ancestors, and 'Family Rules' (家训) which provide moral guidance to descendants.

编纂家谱是一项浩大的工程，需要查阅大量的历史文献。(Compiling a family tree is a massive project that requires consulting a large amount of historical documents.)

The word is also used metaphorically in some contexts to describe the 'lineage' of a particular craft, school of thought, or even a brand's history, though its primary use remains strictly familial. Understanding 家谱 is essential for anyone studying Chinese sociology, as it highlights the transition from clan-based societies to the modern nuclear family structure. Despite the social upheavals of the 20th century, many families went to great lengths to hide and preserve their 家谱 from destruction, viewing them as the physical manifestation of their identity.

Social Function: Beyond record-keeping, the 家谱 served as a social contract. It defined who was 'in' and 'out' of the family, regulated inheritance, and even provided a basis for social welfare within the clan, such as supporting widows or funding the education of promising young members.

根据家谱记载，我们的祖先在三百年前迁徙到了这里。(According to the family tree records, our ancestors migrated here three hundred years ago.)

这份家谱详细记录了家族每一代成员的生平。(This family tree details the life stories of every member of the family across generations.)

Using 家谱 (jiāpǔ) correctly involves understanding the specific verbs that commonly accompany it. Unlike general 'books' that you just 'read' (看), a 家谱 is something you 'consult' (查阅), 'compile' (编纂), 'repair/restore' (修), or 'pass down' (传承). It acts as the direct object in sentences describing genealogical research or family preservation.

Verbal Collocations: Common verbs include: 修家谱 (to compile/update a family tree), 入家谱 (to be recorded in the family tree), 查家谱 (to look up the family tree), and 续家谱 (to continue the family tree records for new generations).

由于历史原因，许多家庭的家谱都遗失了。(Due to historical reasons, many families' family trees have been lost.)

When discussing the contents of a 家谱, we often use the word 记载 (jìzǎi), meaning 'to record' or 'be recorded in'. This highlights the authoritative nature of the document. You will often see sentences structured as 'According to the [Jiapu] records...' (根据家谱记载...).

在这本家谱中，你可以看到我们家族的兴衰史。(In this family tree, you can see the history of our family's rise and fall.)

In formal writing, 家谱 is used to discuss historical continuity and sociological patterns. In informal conversation, it might come up when talking about one's origins or surprising discoveries about ancestors. For example, 'I just found out through the family tree that we are related to...' (我刚从家谱里发现我们和...有亲戚关系).

Modern Sentence Patterns: Modern usage often involves technology: 电子家谱 (electronic family tree) or 在线家谱 (online family tree). Sentence: 'We are digitizing our family tree.' (我们正在将家谱数字化。)

他花费了十年的时间来重修这份断代已久的家谱。(He spent ten years recompiling this family tree that had been interrupted for a long time.)

Another common usage involves the concept of 'entering' the family tree (入谱). Traditionally, this was a significant event, especially for newborn sons or new wives. Sentences like 'His name has been officially entered into the family tree' (他的名字已经正式记入了家谱) carry a weight of formal recognition and belonging.

虽然他自小在国外长大，但他对家族的家谱非常感兴趣。(Even though he grew up abroad from a young age, he is very interested in the family tree.)

通过这份家谱，我们得以了解祖辈们的奋斗历程。(Through this family tree, we are able to understand the struggles of our ancestors.)

You will encounter 家谱 (jiāpǔ) in a variety of settings ranging from academic research to casual family gatherings. In mainland China, Taiwan, and among the global Chinese diaspora, the word resurfaces particularly during times of cultural reflection. If you are visiting a rural village in China, especially in provinces like Guangdong, Fujian, or Jiangxi, you might see 家谱 being discussed in the context of the local 祠堂 (cítáng - ancestral hall).

The Ancestral Hall Context: In many traditional villages, the 家谱 is kept in a central location. Elders might gather to discuss 'updating the family tree' (续家谱), which is a major community event involving feasts and rituals. You might hear: '今年我们要重修家谱' (We are going to recompile the family tree this year).

老村长说，这本家谱已经传了二十多代了。(The old village chief said this family tree has been passed down for over twenty generations.)

Another common setting is during the 清明节 (Qīngmíng Jié - Tomb-Sweeping Festival). Families visit their ancestors' graves and often talk about their lineage. A grandfather might point to a name on a tombstone and explain its place in the 家谱 to a grandchild. It is a time for oral history to meet written records.

News and Media: You will hear the word in documentaries about Chinese history or news reports about 'root-seeking' (寻根) journeys. Many overseas Chinese return to China with fragments of information, hoping to find their family's 家谱 in their ancestral village to confirm their identity.

新闻报道了一位华侨通过家谱找到了失散多年的亲人。(The news reported on an overseas Chinese person who found long-lost relatives through a family tree.)

In academic circles, historians and sociologists use 家谱 as primary source material. They might discuss the 'value of genealogy' (家谱的价值) in studying migration patterns or economic history. If you attend a lecture on Chinese genealogy, the term will be used frequently and formally.

Pop Culture and Literature: Period dramas (古装剧) often feature 家谱 as a plot device—perhaps a character's true identity is revealed through a hidden record, or a family member is threatened with being 'removed from the family tree' (从家谱中除名) as a severe punishment.

在很多武侠小说中，家谱往往隐藏着巨大的秘密。(In many martial arts novels, family trees often hide great secrets.)

Finally, in the digital age, you'll see the word on websites and apps dedicated to genealogy. Users might 'upload' their 家谱 or 'search' (搜索) for ancestors. This modern context is where most learners are likely to interact with the word if they are researching their own Chinese heritage.

现在有很多手机软件可以帮助你制作电子家谱。(Nowadays, there are many mobile apps that can help you create an electronic family tree.)

While 家谱 (jiāpǔ) seems straightforward, learners often make subtle errors in its usage, particularly regarding its scope and the specific cultural connotations it carries. One of the most common mistakes is treating it as a synonym for a simple list of relatives or a 'family photo album'.

Mistake 1: Confusing Scope (Jiapu vs. Zupu): Learners often use 家谱 when they actually mean 族谱 (zúpǔ). While often interchangeable in casual speech, 家谱 usually refers to a specific branch or a single family unit, whereas 族谱 refers to the entire clan (everyone with the same surname in a region). Using 家谱 for a massive multi-village clan might sound slightly imprecise to a native speaker.

错误：我们的家谱包含了全省所有姓王的人。(Wrong: Our family tree contains everyone with the surname Wang in the whole province.) — Correct: Use 族谱 for such a large scale.

Another common error involves the verb 'to write'. English speakers often want to say 写家谱 (xiě jiāpǔ). While technically understood, it sounds childish. The correct, more sophisticated verbs are 编纂 (biānzuǎn) for the initial compilation or 修 (xiū) for updating/revising.

Mistake 2: Ignoring the Gender Bias: Historically, many 家谱 only recorded male descendants. When learners discuss 家谱 in a historical context, they might assume it includes everyone. It is important to realize that 'entering the family tree' (入谱) was often a gendered privilege. Modern ones are inclusive, but historical ones are not.

注意：在古代，女性的名字通常不会出现在家谱上。(Note: In ancient times, women's names usually did not appear on the family tree.)

A third mistake is using 家谱 to refer to an animal's pedigree. For animals, the correct term is 血统书 (xuètǒngshū) or 系谱 (xìpǔ). Calling a dog's pedigree a 家谱 is incorrect and might even be seen as offensive because it applies a human, ancestor-honoring term to an animal.

Mistake 3: Misusing Classifiers: Don't use 个 (gè) as a classifier for 家谱. Use 本 (běn) if it is a book, or 部 (bù) if it is a large, multi-volume set. Using 一个家谱 sounds like a beginner mistake.

正确：这部家谱记录了五百年的历史。(Correct: This [set of] family tree records five hundred years of history.)

错误用法：我把我的家谱发到朋友圈了。(Incorrect usage: I posted my family tree on WeChat Moments.) — While possible, it sounds odd unless you are sharing a historical document.

In the world of genealogy and family history, several Chinese terms overlap with 家谱 (jiāpǔ). Understanding the nuances between them will help you sound more like a native speaker and better comprehend historical texts.

家谱 vs. 族谱 (zúpǔ): 家谱 usually focuses on a single family line or a smaller family unit. 族谱 (Clan Genealogy) is broader, encompassing the entire clan across different regions. Think of 家谱 as a branch and 族谱 as the whole tree. In many cases, they are used as synonyms, but 族谱 has a more communal, grander feel.
家谱 vs. 宗谱 (zōngpǔ): 宗谱 (Lineage Genealogy) is often used in the context of ancestral worship and ritual. It focuses heavily on the 'Zong' (宗), the line of descent from a common ancestor. This term is more formal and carries a stronger religious/ritualistic connotation than 家谱.
家谱 vs. 世系表 (shìxìbiǎo): A 世系表 is specifically the chart or diagram of a lineage. A 家谱 is the whole book, while the 世系表 is the visual representation found inside the book. If you are just drawing a diagram on a piece of paper, you are making a 世系表, not necessarily a full 家谱.

虽然他没有完整的家谱，但他画了一份简单的世系表。(Although he doesn't have a complete family tree [book], he drew a simple lineage chart.)

Another term you might encounter is 谱牒 (pǔdié). This is a very formal, academic term for genealogy in general. It is rarely used in conversation but frequently seen in history books and museum exhibits. If you are studying the 'science' of genealogy, you are studying 谱牒学 (pǔdiéxué).

爷爷经常给我们讲家史，但真正的细节都在那本家谱里。(Grandpa often tells us family history, but the real details are in that family tree.)

Finally, there is 祖籍 (zǔjí), which means 'ancestral home'. While not a synonym for 家谱, they are closely related. Your 家谱 will tell you where your 祖籍 is. When people talk about finding their roots, they usually use these two terms together.

为了确认自己的祖籍，他翻遍了家里的家谱。(To confirm his ancestral home, he searched through the family tree at home.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

In ancient times, having a 'Jiapu' was often a status symbol for the elite. Commoners did not start widely keeping them until the Song Dynasty when Confucianism emphasized family records for all.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /dʒiːˈɑː.pʊ/

US /dʒiˈɑ.pu/

The stress is equal on both syllables, but the third tone on 'pǔ' makes it sound slightly more emphasized.

هم‌قافیه با

家 (jiā) rhymes with: 花 (huā), 瓜 (guā), 虾 (xiā) 谱 (pǔ) rhymes with: 苦 (kǔ), 土 (tǔ), 舞 (wǔ), 虎 (hǔ), 补 (bǔ), 鲁 (lǔ), 古 (gǔ)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'jia' as 'ja' (like jam). It must have the 'i' sound glide.
Pronouncing 'pu' as 'puh'. It should be a closed 'u' sound like 'boot'.
Ignoring the tones: Jiā (High flat) and Pǔ (Low dipping).
Confusing 'pu' with 'bu'.
Making the 'i' in 'jia' too long.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The word itself is easy, but reading a real historical Jiapu is extremely difficult due to Classical Chinese.

نوشتن 4/5

The character '谱' (pǔ) has many strokes and requires practice to write correctly.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Easy to pronounce if you master the jia/ja distinction and the third tone.

گوش دادن 2/5

Clear and distinct, though it can be confused with '族谱' (zúpǔ) in fast speech.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

家 (family) 爷爷 (grandfather) 奶奶 (grandmother) 祖先 (ancestor) 书 (book)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

祠堂 (ancestral hall) 辈分 (generation) 祭祖 (ancestor worship) 血缘 (bloodline) 传承 (inheritance)

پیشرفته

谱牒学 (genealogy) 世系表 (lineage chart) 宗族 (clan) 家训 (family rules) 昭穆 (order of ancestors)

گرامر لازم

The use of the classifier '本' (běn) for books.

我买了一本厚厚的家谱。

Using '根据...记载' (According to... records).

根据家谱记载，我们家曾是当地的名门望族。

Resultative complements like '找到' (found).

我在家谱里找到了我的曾祖父。

The passive voice with '被' (bèi).

那本旧家谱被火烧毁了。

The 'Shi...de' construction for emphasis.

这份家谱是去年重修的。

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

这是我的家谱。

This is my family tree.

Subject + be + possessive + noun.

家谱里有我的名字。

My name is in the family tree.

Location + have + object.

你看过家谱吗？

Have you seen the family tree?

Question with 'ma' and 'guo' (experience).

我不认识家谱里的人。

I don't know the people in the family tree.

Negative sentence with 'renshi' (know people).

我爸爸有一本家谱。

My dad has a family tree book.

Use of classifier 'ben'.

家谱很老。

The family tree is very old.

Adjective predicate with 'hen'.

我想买一本家谱。

I want to buy a family tree book.

Volitional verb 'xiang' + 'mai'.

家谱在桌子上。

The family tree is on the table.

Zai + location.

这本家谱记录了很多祖先。

This family tree records many ancestors.

Verb 'jizai' (record).

我们家没有家谱。

Our family doesn't have a family tree.

Negative 'meiyou'.

他在家谱里找到了爷爷的名字。

He found his grandfather's name in the family tree.

Resultative complement 'zhaodao'.

家谱对中国人很重要。

Family trees are very important to Chinese people.

A dui B hen zhongyao.

你想看我们家的家谱吗？

Do you want to see our family's family tree?

Polite question.

这本家谱是从我爷爷那里传下来的。

This family tree was passed down from my grandfather.

Shi...de construction for emphasis.

家谱里写着我们来自南方。

The family tree says we come from the south.

Zhe (state) + location.

我正在学习怎么看家谱。

I am learning how to read a family tree.

Zhengzai (progressive).

为了修家谱，他走访了很多亲戚。

In order to update the family tree, he visited many relatives.

Weile (purpose) + clause.

这份家谱已经保存了一百多年了。

This family tree has been preserved for over a hundred years.

Duration of state.

通过查阅家谱，我了解了家族的历史。

By consulting the family tree, I learned about the family history.

Tongguo (through) + method.

家谱中详细记载了每一代人的生平。

The life stories of each generation are recorded in detail in the family tree.

Adverb 'xiangxi' (detailed).

他是我们家族中唯一拥有家谱的人。

He is the only person in our family who has the family tree.

Relative clause with 'de'.

重修家谱是一件非常有意义的事情。

Recompiling the family tree is a very meaningful thing.

Gerund-like subject.

由于战乱，很多宝贵的家谱都失传了。

Due to wars, many precious family trees were lost to history.

Youyu (due to) + cause.

我们在家谱里发现了一个很有名的祖先。

We found a very famous ancestor in the family tree.

Discovery in a location.

编纂家谱不仅是记录姓名，更是传承家风。

Compiling a family tree is not just about recording names, but more about passing down family values.

Bujin... gengshi (not only... but even more).

他花了数年时间收集资料，终于完成了家谱的修订。

He spent several years collecting information and finally completed the revision of the family tree.

Resultative complement 'wancheng'.

家谱是研究中国社会变迁的重要文献。

Family trees are important documents for studying Chinese social changes.

Formal definition structure.

这份家谱的真实性还有待进一步考证。

The authenticity of this family tree still needs further verification.

Youdai (needs/remains to be).

在过去，女性往往被排除在家谱之外。

In the past, women were often excluded from family trees.

Passive voice with 'bei'.

他希望通过这份家谱找到失散在海外的亲人。

He hopes to find relatives scattered overseas through this family tree.

Wish + through + means.

家谱中包含的家训对后代有着深远的影响。

The family rules contained in the family tree have a profound impact on future generations.

Dui... you... yingxiang (have impact on).

这部家谱采用了传统的排版方式，非常有艺术价值。

This family tree uses traditional layout methods and has great artistic value.

Caiyong (adopt/use).

家谱作为宗族文化的载体，承载着厚重的历史记忆。

As a carrier of clan culture, the family tree carries heavy historical memories.

Zuowei (as) + role.

在谱牒学研究中，家谱被视为微观史研究的宝库。

In genealogical research, family trees are regarded as a treasure trove for micro-history research.

Bei shiyu (be regarded as).

为了确保家谱的严谨性，编纂者必须进行大量的田野调查。

To ensure the rigor of the family tree, the compilers must conduct extensive field research.

Weile quebao (to ensure).

这部家谱不仅详述了血缘关系，还记录了家族的迁徙路径。

This family tree not only details blood relations but also records the family's migration paths.

Xiangshu (detail).

家谱的续修通常需要宗族成员的共同集资与协作。

The updating of a family tree usually requires joint funding and cooperation from clan members.

Noun phrase subject.

随着数字化技术的发展，越来越多的家谱被录入数据库。

With the development of digital technology, more and more family trees are being entered into databases.

Suizhe (along with).

这些家谱为我们揭示了古代社会的婚姻制度和继承习俗。

These family trees reveal the marriage systems and inheritance customs of ancient society to us.

Wei... jieshi (reveal to...).

尽管岁月流逝，家谱依然是维系家族情感的纽带。

Despite the passage of time, the family tree remains a bond that maintains family emotions.

Jinguan... yiran (despite... still).

家谱的编纂往往伴随着对祖先功绩的追述与神化。

The compilation of family trees is often accompanied by the recounting and mythologizing of ancestors' achievements.

Bansuizhe (accompanied by).

通过对家谱中人口数据的统计分析，可以窥见当时的社会经济状况。

Through statistical analysis of the population data in family trees, one can catch a glimpse of the socio-economic conditions of the time.

Keyi kuijian (can catch a glimpse of).

晚清时期的家谱呈现出某种向近代转型的特征。

Family trees from the late Qing period exhibit certain characteristics of transitioning towards the modern era.

Chengxian (present/exhibit).

家谱中的序言往往辞藻华丽，蕴含着深厚的文学底蕴。

The prefaces in family trees are often written in ornate language and contain profound literary depth.

Yunhan (contain/embody).

某些家谱可能存在攀附名门的现象，研究时需审慎辨析。

Some family trees may exhibit the phenomenon of claiming false connections to famous families, requiring careful discernment during research.

Xu shenshen bianxi (requires careful discernment).

家谱的政治功能在于通过血缘认同来强化基层社会的稳定。

The political function of family trees lies in strengthening the stability of grassroots society through blood identity.

Zaiyu (lies in).

这种跨越千年的谱牒传承，体现了中华民族对根脉的极致追求。

This genealogical heritage spanning millennia reflects the Chinese nation's ultimate pursuit of their roots.

Tixian (reflects/embodies).

家谱的消失往往意味着一个家族文化认同的瓦解。

The disappearance of a family tree often signifies the collapse of a family's cultural identity.

Yiweizhe (signifies/means).

ترکیب‌های رایج

修家谱

入家谱

查家谱

续家谱

家谱记载

老家谱

电子家谱

毁坏家谱

编写家谱

家谱文化

عبارات رایج

重修家谱

— To recompile or revise the family tree. This is a major family project.

全村人都在为重修家谱捐款。

家谱研究

— Genealogical research. Often used in academic or hobbyist contexts.

他退休后专门从事家谱研究。

寻根问祖

— To seek one's roots and ancestors, often using a Jiapu as a guide.

许多华侨回乡寻根问祖。

光宗耀祖

— To bring honor to one's ancestors, often recorded in the Jiapu.

他努力读书，希望能光宗耀祖。

断代家谱

— A family tree with missing generations.

这份断代家谱很难补全。

支派家谱

— A family tree for a specific branch of a larger clan.

这是我们这一支派的家谱。

名门家谱

— The genealogy of a famous or noble family.

名门家谱通常记录得非常详细。

民间家谱

— Genealogies of common people/families.

民间家谱是研究社会史的重要资料。

家谱数字化

— The process of turning physical genealogies into digital formats.

家谱数字化方便了后人的查阅。

家谱序言

— The preface of a family tree, often containing historical context.

家谱序言写得非常有文采。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

家谱 vs 食谱 (shípǔ)

Means 'recipe'. Both use 'pǔ' (record), but one is for food, the other for family.

家谱 vs 相册 (xiàngcè)

Means 'photo album'. A Jiapu might have photos, but its main purpose is written lineage.

家谱 vs 户口本 (hùkǒuběn)

The official government household registration. A Jiapu is a private family record.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"名列家谱"

— To have one's name listed in the family tree, implying formal recognition.

他终于名列家谱，成为了家族的一员。

Neutral

"开枝散叶"

— To have many descendants, growing the family tree like a tree growing leaves.

祝愿你们家族开枝散叶，兴旺发达。

Literary/Blessing

"追根溯源"

— To trace something back to its origin, like tracing a lineage in a Jiapu.

我们要追根溯源，找到家族的发源地。

Formal

"祖德流芳"

— The virtues of ancestors leaving a lasting fragrance (influence), recorded in the Jiapu.

家谱中记载了祖德流芳的事迹。

Formal

"世代相传"

— Passed down from generation to generation, like the Jiapu itself.

这本家谱是世代相传的宝贝。

Neutral

"承前启后"

— To inherit from predecessors and pave the way for successors.

修家谱是为了承前启后，教育后人。

Formal

"根深蒂固"

— Deeply rooted; can describe family traditions found in the Jiapu.

家族的观念在他们心中根深蒂固。

Neutral

"数典忘祖"

— To talk about past events but forget one's own ancestors (to be ignorant of one's history).

如果不读家谱，我们就可能数典忘祖。

Critical

"叶落归根"

— Falling leaves return to their roots; returning to one's ancestral home.

他晚年回乡，就是为了叶落归根，葬入祖坟。

Literary

"门当户对"

— Families of equal social status (often verified by checking Jiapus in the past).

古代结婚讲究门当户对。

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

家谱 vs 族谱

Both mean genealogy.

Jiapu is for a specific family; Zupu is for a whole clan sharing a surname.

这一支的家谱包含在总部的族谱里。

家谱 vs 家史

Both relate to family past.

Jiapu is a structured record; Jiashi is a narrative history/story.

他写了一本家史来补充家谱里的干巴巴的名单。

家谱 vs 系谱

Both refer to lineage.

Xipu is more technical/scientific, often used for animals or linguistics.

生物学家正在研究狗的系谱。

家谱 vs 宗谱

Both refer to genealogy.

Zongpu has a stronger religious/ritual focus for ancestral halls.

宗谱每年祭祀时都要拿出来供奉。

家谱 vs 名册

Both are lists of names.

Mince is a general register (like a class list); Jiapu is strictly for kinship.

这只是一个会员名册，不是家谱。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

这是[possessive]家谱。

这是我的家谱。

[location]有家谱。

书架上有家谱。

通过[action]家谱，我[result]。

通过查阅家谱，我找到了我的根。

家谱不仅[fact 1]，而且[fact 2]。

家谱不仅记录了姓名，而且传承了文化。

家谱是[concept]的载体。

家谱是家族记忆的载体。

对家谱的[action]具有[value]价值。

对家谱的研究具有极高的社会学价值。

把[name]记入家谱。

把新生的宝宝记入家谱。

根据家谱记载，[fact]。

根据家谱记载，我们的祖先是医生。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

家 (family)

族 (clan)

谱 (record/score)

世系 (lineage)

祖先 (ancestor)

后代 (descendant)

فعل‌ها

修 (to compile/repair)

编 (to edit)

查 (to check)

续 (to continue)

传 (to pass down)

صفت‌ها

老的 (old)

详细的 (detailed)

正式的 (formal)

珍贵的 (precious)

مرتبط

祠堂 (ancestral hall)

家训 (family rules)

辈分 (generation rank)

祖籍 (ancestral home)

寻根 (root-seeking)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in cultural/historical contexts; low in daily shopping/tech contexts.

اشتباهات رایج

Using '写' (xiě) for compiling a Jiapu. → Using '修' (xiū) or '编纂' (biānzuǎn).
While '写' is understood, '修' is the culturally appropriate verb for compiling or updating a genealogy.
Calling a family photo album a '家谱'. → Calling it a '相册' (xiàngcè).
A Jiapu is a formal text record of lineage, not just a collection of pictures.
Using '个' (gè) as a classifier. → Using '本' (běn) or '部' (bù).
Like most books, Jiapu requires the classifier 'ben'. 'Bu' is used for larger, multi-volume sets.
Assuming all Jiapus are ancient. → Recognizing that many are modern.
Many families are creating new Jiapus today; it is a living tradition, not just a relic of the past.
Confusing '家谱' with '户口本'. → Knowing the difference between private and government records.
A '户口本' is a mandatory government document; a '家谱' is a private cultural document.

نکات

The Power of the Name

Being 'removed from the Jiapu' (除名) was historically one of the most severe social punishments in China, effectively making one a social outcast.

Radical Wisdom

The character '谱' has the speech radical '讠', suggesting that a family tree is a collection of names and stories spoken and recorded.

Check the Preface

The '序言' (preface) of a Jiapu is often the most interesting part, containing the family's migration history and philosophy.

Digital Roots

Search for '家谱网' (Jiapu websites) to see how modern Chinese people are digitizing their ancestry.

Handle with Care

If someone shows you their physical Jiapu, handle it with great respect. It is often considered a sacred family heirloom.

Guanxi and Jiapu

Knowing your Jiapu can help you find 'distant relatives' who might help you in business or life—this is a key part of Chinese social networking.

Related Word 'Pǔ'

Once you learn '家谱', words like '食谱' (recipe) and '离谱' (outrageous/off the charts) become much easier to remember.

Stroke Order

The character '谱' is complex. Practice the right side '普' separately first; it means 'general' or 'universal'.

Tonal Clarity

Distinguish between 'Jiāpǔ' (Family tree) and 'Jiǎpǔ' (fake record). The first tone on 'Jia' is crucial.

Formal vs Informal

In very casual talk, people just say '我家祖先' (my ancestors), so save '家谱' for when you are specifically talking about the records.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Jia' (家) as your 'Home' and 'Pu' (谱) as a 'Map' or 'Score'. So, a 'Jiapu' is the 'Map of your Home's history'.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a large, old book with a tree drawn on the cover, but inside, instead of leaves, there are thousands of Chinese names written in ink.

شبکه واژگان

Family Ancestor History Book Lineage Tradition Names Clan

چالش

Try to draw a small 'Jiapu' for three generations of your family and label it '我的家谱' in Chinese characters.

ریشه کلمه

The word is composed of '家' (jiā), meaning home or family, and '谱' (pǔ), meaning a list, table, or record. The concept of recording family lineages dates back to the Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046–256 BC) in China.

معنای اصلی: A record of the family's lineage to determine succession and inheritance rights.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)

بافت فرهنگی

Be aware that historical Jiapus often excluded women and children who died young, which can be a sensitive topic in modern discussions about gender equality.

Westerners call it a 'family tree', which is usually a visual diagram. A Chinese Jiapu is more like a 'Family Encyclopedia'.

The Kong (Confucius) family genealogy is the longest in the world. The 'Dream of the Red Chamber' novel discusses family decline and records. Modern 'Root-seeking' documentaries.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Family Reunion

我们要不要看看家谱？
家谱里有新成员吗？
给孩子们讲讲家谱里的故事。
家谱现在谁保管？

Genealogical Research

我想去档案馆查阅家谱。
这份家谱的年份很久远。
核对家谱中的信息。
寻找失传的家谱。

Village Visit

村里的祠堂有家谱吗？
老村长在修家谱。
家谱记录了全村的历史。
我们可以复印一份家谱吗？

Holiday (Qingming)

祭祖时要带上家谱。
家谱提醒我们不要忘本。
在祖先坟前读家谱。
确认家谱上的辈分。

Legal/Inheritance

家谱可以证明血缘关系。
根据家谱，他是合法的继承人。
家谱上的记录具有参考价值。
入谱是身份的象征。

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你家里有保存完好的家谱吗？ (Does your family have a well-preserved family tree?)"

"你对查阅自己的家谱感兴趣吗？ (Are you interested in researching your own family tree?)"

"你知道你的名字是怎么进入家谱的吗？ (Do you know how your name was entered into the family tree?)"

"你认为在现代社会家谱还有意义吗？ (Do you think family trees still have meaning in modern society?)"

"如果你的家谱丢了，你会想办法找回来吗？ (If your family tree was lost, would you find a way to get it back?)"

موضوعات نگارش

描述你第一次看到家谱时的感受。 (Describe how you felt the first time you saw a family tree.)

如果你要写一份家谱，你会记录哪些重要的家庭故事？ (If you were to write a family tree, what important family stories would you record?)

讨论家谱在中国文化中对“孝”的体现。 (Discuss how the family tree embodies 'filial piety' in Chinese culture.)

想象一下五百年后的后代看你的家谱时会想什么。 (Imagine what descendants 500 years from now will think when they look at your family tree.)

对比一下你国家的家谱文化和中国的家谱文化。 (Compare the family tree culture in your country with that of China.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Yes, you can call it an '电子家谱' (diànzǐ jiāpǔ). While traditional ones are books, the word applies to the concept of the genealogical record regardless of the medium.

No, in modern China, many ordinary families have or are creating a '家谱'. Historically, it was more common for wealthy families, but it is now a widespread cultural practice.

The most common and natural way is '修家谱' (xiū jiāpǔ) or '续家谱' (xù jiāpǔ). '修' implies a major revision, while '续' implies adding new generations.

In modern ones, yes. However, in historical '家谱', women were often excluded or only listed by their surnames (e.g., 'Wang Shi' meaning 'Woman from the Wang family').

Think of '家谱' as 'Family Tree' and '族谱' as 'Clan Genealogy'. '族谱' is usually larger in scope, covering many families with the same surname in a region.

It's better not to. Use '血统书' (xuètǒngshū) for animals. Using '家谱' for animals might sound strange or even disrespectful to some people.

They are often kept by the eldest male in the family or in a village '祠堂' (ancestral hall). Today, many are also kept in libraries or archives.

It is strictly a noun. You need a verb like '修' (compile), '查' (check), or '有' (have) to use it in a sentence.

'谱' means a record or a table. It is used for things that are systematically listed, like music (曲谱), recipes (食谱), or families (家谱).

You can say: '你家里有家谱吗？' (Nǐ jiālǐ yǒu jiāpǔ ma?)

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