分别 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 分别 is an adverb meaning 'respectively' or 'separately', used to link lists or describe individual actions.
- It can also be a verb meaning 'to part ways' or a noun meaning 'difference'.
- In formal contexts, it is essential for mapping data and statistics accurately.
- It requires a plural subject or a list of items to function correctly as an adverb.
The word 分别 (fēnbié) is a versatile Chinese term that primarily functions as an adverb, a verb, and occasionally a noun. In its most common B1-level usage as an adverb, it translates to 'respectively' or 'separately'. This function is crucial for mapping multiple subjects to multiple objects or attributes in a clear, organized fashion. Imagine you have two friends, Zhang San and Li Si, who bought an apple and a pear. Instead of saying 'Zhang San bought an apple and Li Si bought a pear,' you can use 分别 to link them efficiently.
- Core Function: Mapping
- It acts as a linguistic bridge, connecting a list of items (A, B, C) to a list of properties (X, Y, Z) in a 1-to-1 correspondence.
- Spatial/Temporal Separation
- It describes actions taken by different parties independently or at different times/locations.
这两个箱子分别重十公斤和十五公斤。
— These two boxes weigh ten kilograms and fifteen kilograms respectively.
Beyond its mathematical precision, 分别 also carries the emotional weight of 'parting' when used as a verb. It evokes the image of paths diverging. In a noun form, it refers to the 'difference' or 'distinction' between things, though 区别 (qūbié) is more common for abstract differences. Understanding 分别 requires recognizing whether the speaker is organizing data or describing a separation.
他们毕业后就分别了。
— They parted ways after graduation.
- Etymology Note
- 分 (fēn) means to divide or separate, and 别 (bié) means to leave or distinguish. Together, they emphasize the act of breaking a whole into distinct parts.
Using 分别 correctly is a hallmark of reaching an intermediate level of Chinese fluency. It allows for concise and professional communication, especially in reporting and academic contexts. The most common grammatical structure is: [Subject A and Subject B] + 分别 + [Verb] + [Attribute X and Attribute Y].
老师和学生分别表达了不同的看法。
— The teacher and the students respectively expressed different views.
When used to mean 'separately' (doing things individually), it often precedes the verb to indicate that the action was not performed together. This is slightly different from 各自 (gèzì), which emphasizes 'each on their own'. 分别 is more about the physical or logical separation of the actions.
- Rule 1: Parallel Structure
- The items before and after '分别' should be balanced. If you list three people, you should generally list three corresponding actions or results.
- Rule 2: Placement
- As an adverb, it almost always comes before the verb or the predicate it modifies.
我们会后分别找他们谈话。
— We will talk to them separately after the meeting.
You will encounter 分别 in a variety of settings, ranging from formal news broadcasts to emotional scenes in movies. Its dual nature makes it ubiquitous.
- In News and Reports
- Journalists use it to report statistics. "The price of oil and gold rose by 2% and 5% respectively." This is the most common formal usage.
- In Literature and Drama
- When characters are parting ways, especially for a long time, '分别' is used to describe the sadness of separation. It sounds more poetic than '离开' (to leave).
这次分别，不知道什么时候才能再见。
— This parting, I don't know when we'll meet again.
In business meetings, you'll hear it when tasks are being assigned to different departments. "Marketing and Sales will respectively handle the campaign and the leads." It provides a clear division of labor.
Even advanced learners sometimes stumble with 分别. The most frequent errors involve logic and word choice.
- Mistake 1: Mismatched Lists
- Saying "A, B, and C did X and Y respectively" is a logical error. You need three actions for three people.
- Mistake 2: Confusing with '各自' (gèzì)
- While '各自' means 'each', '分别' is better for mapping lists. '各自回家' (each goes home) is common; '分别回家' is also correct but implies a more formal separation of the group.
❌ 我分别他了。
✅ 我跟他分别了。
— You cannot '分别' someone directly like a transitive verb in the sense of parting; you part 'with' someone.
To truly master 分别, you must distinguish it from its synonyms. Each has a specific nuance.
- 分别 vs. 区别 (qūbié)
- '分别' as a noun is the difference between things. '区别' is more common as a verb meaning 'to distinguish' or 'to differentiate'. Use '区别' for abstract differences.
- 分别 vs. 各自 (gèzì)
- '各自' emphasizes the individual's own perspective or possession (e.g., '各自的父母' - their respective parents). '分别' is more objective and used for mapping data.
- 分别 vs. 离别 (líbié)
- '离别' is a more formal and emotional verb for parting, often implying a long-term or permanent separation.
这两个词有什么分别？
— What is the difference between these two words? (Here '分别' is a noun synonym for '区别').
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
Parallelism in Chinese
Adverb placement
Mapping subjects to predicates
Noun vs. Verb usage of compound words
Expressing 'each' (各自 vs 分别)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
我们在这里分别吧。
Let's part ways here.
分别 used as a verb meaning 'to part'.
他们分别了很久。
They have been separated for a long time.
Focus on the duration of separation.
我和他分别去商店。
He and I go to the store separately.
Simple adverbial use for 'separately'.
这是我们的分别。
This is our parting.
Used as a noun.
他们分别在两个房间。
They are in two rooms respectively.
Mapping people to locations.
不要难过，这只是短暂的分别。
Don't be sad, this is just a short parting.
Common phrase for goodbyes.
我们分别买了一个苹果。
We each bought an apple separately.
Emphasizing separate actions.
他们分别来自北京和上海。
They come from Beijing and Shanghai respectively.
Classic 'respectively' structure.
这两个苹果分别重100克和120克。
These two apples weigh 100g and 120g respectively.
Using numbers with 分别.
老师分别给两个学生写了信。
The teacher wrote letters to the two students separately.
Action directed at different objects.
我们分别在上午和下午见面。
We meet in the morning and afternoon respectively.
Mapping time slots.
这两本书分别是我的和你的。
These two books are mine and yours respectively.
Mapping ownership.
他们分别住在五楼和六楼。
They live on the 5th and 6th floors respectively.
Mapping locations.
我和哥哥分别喜欢红的和蓝的。
My brother and I like the red one and the blue one respectively.
Mapping preferences.
请把这些东西分别放好。
Please put these things away separately.
Imperative use for organization.
他们毕业后分别去了不同的城市。
After graduation, they went to different cities respectively.
Describing life paths.
这两项任务分别由市场部和销售部负责。
These two tasks are handled by the marketing and sales departments respectively.
Formal business mapping.
这两个方案有什么分别？
What is the difference between these two plans?
Using 分别 as a noun for 'difference'.
我们分别向他表达了感谢。
We expressed our thanks to him separately.
Individual actions toward a single target.
这两次会议分别在周一和周三举行。
These two meetings will be held on Monday and Wednesday respectively.
Scheduling with precision.
他们分别获得了第一名和第二名。
They won first and second place respectively.
Reporting results.
请分别说明你们的理由。
Please state your reasons separately.
Requesting individual input.
这两张照片分别是去年和今年拍的。
These two photos were taken last year and this year respectively.
Mapping time to objects.
他们分别代表了两个不同的群体。
They respectively represent two different groups.
Abstract representation.
报告分别从经济、社会和环境三个方面进行了分析。
The report analyzed from economic, social, and environmental perspectives respectively.
Complex academic mapping.
这两款手机的屏幕尺寸分别是6.1英寸和6.7英寸。
The screen sizes of these two phones are 6.1 and 6.7 inches respectively.
Technical specifications.
我们分别在不同的场合听到了这个消息。
We heard this news on different occasions respectively.
Mapping events to contexts.
这两位作家的风格分别倾向于现实主义和浪漫主义。
The styles of these two writers lean toward realism and romanticism respectively.
Literary analysis.
他们分别就职于两家竞争公司。
They are employed at two competing companies respectively.
Professional status.
这两个词在意义上并没有太大的分别。
There isn't much difference in meaning between these two words.
Noun use in linguistic comparison.
政府分别对这两类企业实施了不同的政策。
The government implemented different policies for these two types of enterprises respectively.
Policy reporting.
我们分别给出了正面和负面的评价。
We gave positive and negative reviews respectively.
Contrasting outcomes.
该项研究分别在三个不同的实验室进行了重复验证。
The study was independently replicated in three different laboratories.
Scientific validation context.
这两部法律分别针对的是刑事犯罪和民事纠纷。
These two laws target criminal offenses and civil disputes respectively.
Legal precision.
作者在文中分别探讨了权力的本质及其运作机制。
The author explores the essence of power and its operational mechanisms respectively in the text.
High-level thematic mapping.
这两个概念在哲学史上有着本质的分别。
These two concepts have an essential distinction in the history of philosophy.
Philosophical noun use.
调查显示，城乡居民的收入增长率分别为8%和5%。
Surveys show that the income growth rates for urban and rural residents were 8% and 5% respectively.
Statistical reporting.
他们分别从理论和实践两个层面论证了该观点的正确性。
They argued for the correctness of the viewpoint from both theoretical and practical levels respectively.
Argumentative structure.
这两次实验的数据分别记录在附录A和附录B中。
The data from these two experiments are recorded in Appendix A and Appendix B respectively.
Technical documentation.
我们分别对受访者进行了深度访谈和问卷调查。
We conducted in-depth interviews and questionnaires with the respondents respectively.
Methodological mapping.
其作品的艺术价值与历史价值分别体现在其独特的构图与对时代背景的真实还原。
The artistic and historical values of the work are respectively reflected in its unique composition and its authentic restoration of the era's background.
Sophisticated aesthetic analysis.
这两派学说在核心假设上存在着不可调和的分别。
There is an irreconcilable distinction in the core hypotheses of these two schools of thought.
Abstract philosophical noun use.
外交部发言人分别就双边贸易与地区安全问题阐明了中方立场。
The Foreign Ministry spokesperson clarified China's position on bilateral trade and regional security issues respectively.
Diplomatic discourse.
这两项政策的实施，分别旨在短期刺激消费与长期优化产业结构。
The implementation of these two policies aims to stimulate consumption in the short term and optimize the industrial structure in the long term respectively.
Macroeconomic policy analysis.
在该语境下，‘自由’与‘民主’被分别赋予了更为深刻的内涵。
In this context, 'freedom' and 'democracy' are respectively endowed with more profound connotations.
Linguistic and political theory.
史学家们分别从政治动员与社会变迁的角度对该事件进行了重新审视。
Historians have re-examined the event from the perspectives of political mobilization and social change respectively.
Historiographical mapping.
这两类物质的化学性质分别决定了它们在工业生产中的不同用途。
The chemical properties of these two types of substances respectively determine their different uses in industrial production.
Scientific causality.
他们分别以悲剧和喜剧的形式，探讨了人性的复杂面相。
They explored the complex facets of human nature through the forms of tragedy and comedy respectively.
Literary and dramatic theory.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
خانواده کلمه
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Essential for 1-to-1 correspondence.
Describes the act of leaving each other.
Indicates actions done individually.
-
You cannot use '分别' as a transitive verb for 'to part with someone' without a preposition.
-
If you have two subjects, you usually need two corresponding actions or results.
-
You cannot use '分别' with a single singular subject.
-
Learners often forget that '分别' can be a noun.
-
Use '各自' when emphasizing individual possession.
نکات
Matching Counts
Always ensure the number of subjects matches the number of objects when using 'respectively'.
Formal Reports
Use '分别' to make your business or academic reports sound more professional and organized.
Noun Usage
When asking 'What's the difference?', you can use '有什么分别？' or '有什么区别？' interchangeably.
Parting Ways
Use '分别' when writing about a significant goodbye in a journal or story to add emotional depth.
Logical Mapping
Think of '分别' as a mathematical function that maps Set A to Set B.
Clarity
In speech, '分别' helps prevent confusion when you are giving different instructions to different people.
Data Signal
Train your ears to hear '分别' as a signal that specific data points are coming up.
Parallelism
Maintain parallel structure in your sentences to make '分别' work effectively.
Poetic Nuance
Recognize that in literature, '分别' is often more than just a goodbye; it's a thematic element.
Vs. 各自
Remember: '分别' is about the mapping; '各自' is about the individual.
حفظ کنید
ریشه کلمه
分 (divide) + 别 (leave/distinguish). Historically used to describe the act of separating parts from a whole or people leaving one another.
بافت فرهنگی
The 'Parting' (离别) genre is a major pillar of Tang and Song poetry.
Historically, friends would walk each other a long distance before '分别'.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"你和你的好朋友分别住在哪里？"
"这两件衣服有什么分别？"
"你们毕业的时候是怎么分别的？"
"这两个方案你分别怎么看？"
"你们公司两个部门分别负责什么？"
موضوعات نگارش
描写一次让你难忘的分别。
比较两个你喜欢的城市，分别说说它们的优点。
记录你今天分别在上午、中午和晚上做了什么。
讨论‘分别’和‘区别’在用法上的不同。
写一段关于两个朋友毕业后分别去向的文字。
سوالات متداول
10 سوالNo, '分别' as an adverb requires a plural subject or a list of items because it implies a mapping or a separation between multiple entities.
'分别' is more objective and used for mapping lists (A, B -> X, Y). '各自' emphasizes the individual's own perspective or possession (each person's own).
It can be both, but its use as 'respectively' is very common in formal writing and news. As 'parting', it can be quite poetic and emotional.
Yes, as a noun, it can mean difference, but '区别' (qūbié) is more frequently used in modern Chinese for that purpose.
As an adverb, yes, it typically precedes the verb or the predicate it is modifying.
It can imply parting ways, but '分手' (fēnshǒu) is the specific term for a romantic breakup.
A, B, 和 C 分别是 X, Y, 和 Z. The structure remains the same regardless of the number of items.
Yes, especially when clarifying details or talking about parting with friends.
The opposite would be '共同' (together) or '一起' (together).
No, it is primarily an adverb, verb, or noun.
خودت رو بسنج 200 سوال
Write a sentence using '分别' to describe where two of your friends live.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '分别' to describe the prices of two items.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Use '分别' to describe two different responsibilities in a company.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '分别' as a noun meaning 'difference'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a formal sentence about statistical growth using '分别'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a simple sentence about two people going to different places.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe two people's hobbies using '分别'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe two meetings held on different days.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Discuss two aspects of a problem using '分别'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Say goodbye to a friend using '分别'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe two people's ages.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe two reviews (positive/negative).
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe two laws targeting different crimes.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe two students' grades.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe two people's origins.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe two phone screen sizes.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe two research methods.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe two people in different rooms.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe two colors people like.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe two companies' locations.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe your two best friends' jobs using '分别'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Tell me where your parents are from using '分别'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain the responsibilities of two departments in your school/company.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Compare two products you use daily.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Discuss two different viewpoints on a social issue.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say where you and your friend are going.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Tell the ages of two siblings.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Describe two events on a calendar.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Summarize a report's findings.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say goodbye at a station.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
State two reasons for a decision.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Describe two different prices.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain two chemical properties.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Describe two items' colors.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Describe two travel destinations.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Describe two winners in a race.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Describe two laboratory locations.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Describe two people's heights.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Describe two people's favorite foods.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Describe two software versions.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Listen: '这两个箱子分别重十公斤和十五公斤。' Which box is heavier?
Listen: '我和哥哥分别喜欢红的和蓝的。' Who likes blue?
Listen: '两家公司分别在上海和深圳设立了办事处。' Where are the offices?
Listen: '这两个方案分别由王总和李总负责。' Who is responsible for the second plan?
Listen: '出口额和进口额分别增长了8%和5%。' What was the export growth?
Listen: '我们分别去买东西。' Are they together?
Listen: '他们分别来自北京和上海。' Where is the first person from?
Listen: '这两款手机分别卖3000和4000。' Price of the first one?
Listen: '研究分别在三个实验室进行。' How many labs?
Listen: '请分别坐好。' Instruction?
Listen: '他们分别获得了第一和第二。' Who got second?
Listen: '这两部法律分别针对刑事和民事。' Targets?
Listen: '数据分别存在附录A和B。' Location of data?
Listen: '我们毕业后就分别了。' Event?
Listen: '有什么分别？' Question?
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Summary
The word 分别 (fēnbié) is your go-to tool for organization and precision. Whether you are reporting that 'A and B did X and Y respectively' or describing a poignant 'parting' between friends, it ensures your Chinese is both clear and sophisticated.
- 分别 is an adverb meaning 'respectively' or 'separately', used to link lists or describe individual actions.
- It can also be a verb meaning 'to part ways' or a noun meaning 'difference'.
- In formal contexts, it is essential for mapping data and statistics accurately.
- It requires a plural subject or a list of items to function correctly as an adverb.
Matching Counts
Always ensure the number of subjects matches the number of objects when using 'respectively'.
Formal Reports
Use '分别' to make your business or academic reports sound more professional and organized.
Noun Usage
When asking 'What's the difference?', you can use '有什么分别？' or '有什么区别？' interchangeably.
Parting Ways
Use '分别' when writing about a significant goodbye in a journal or story to add emotional depth.
مثال
这两个班级的及格率分别为80%和90%。
