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B1 verb #3,000 le plus courant 10 min de lecture

bekämpfen

At the A1 level, you might not use the word 'bekämpfen' very often, as it is a bit more advanced. However, you can understand it in simple contexts like 'fighting a cold' or 'fighting fire'. Think of it as a stronger version of 'machen gegen' (do something against). For example, if you have a headache, you might 'bekämpfen' the pain with a pill. At this stage, just remember that it means to try to make something bad go away. You don't need to worry about the complex grammar yet, just recognize that 'be-' + 'kämpfen' is a directed action. It's like saying 'I am fighting the problem'. It's a useful word to know when you see it in news headlines or health posters. Most A1 learners will use 'kämpfen gegen' because it's easier to translate directly from English, but seeing 'bekämpfen' will help you recognize more formal German early on.
By A2, you are starting to use more specific verbs. 'Bekämpfen' becomes useful when talking about health, the environment, or simple social rules. You might say 'Wir müssen den Müll bekämpfen' (We must fight the trash/pollution). You should start to notice that there is no 'gegen' after 'bekämpfen'. This is a key difference from 'kämpfen'. In A2, you learn to describe problems and solutions. 'Bekämpfen' is the perfect verb for the 'solution' part. You can use it to talk about how you 'bekämpfen' your tiredness with coffee or how a town 'bekämpft' the snow in winter. It's a step up from basic verbs like 'stoppen' or 'helfen'. It shows you are thinking about active ways to solve problems. You will also see it in simple news stories about the police 'bekämpfen' crime.
At the B1 level, 'bekämpfen' is a core vocabulary word. You are expected to use it in discussions about social issues, politics, and personal challenges. This is the level where you distinguish between 'kämpfen' (to struggle/fight in general) and 'bekämpfen' (to combat a specific thing). You should be able to use it in the accusative case correctly: 'Die Regierung bekämpft die Arbeitslosigkeit.' You will also encounter it in the passive voice: 'Die Krankheit wurde erfolgreich bekämpft.' B1 learners should use this word in essays or presentations about topics like climate change, poverty, or health. It adds a level of seriousness and precision to your language. You should also be familiar with the noun 'die Bekämpfung'. This level is about moving from simple descriptions to more structured arguments, and 'bekämpfen' is a key tool for that.
At B2, you should use 'bekämpfen' fluently in a variety of registers. You understand the nuance that 'bekämpfen' is proactive and often systemic. You can use it to discuss abstract concepts like 'Vorurteile bekämpfen' (combating prejudices) or 'die Ursachen von Armut bekämpfen' (combating the causes of poverty). You are also aware of synonyms like 'entgegenwirken' or 'eindämmen' and can choose 'bekämpfen' when you want to emphasize a more vigorous or direct approach. Your grammar should be perfect: no 'gegen' with 'bekämpfen'. You can also use it in more complex sentence structures, such as 'Um die Inflation zu bekämpfen, müssen die Zinsen erhöht werden.' At this level, you also recognize the word in professional and academic texts, where it is used to describe strategies and measures in fields like sociology, medicine, and economics.
For C1 learners, 'bekämpfen' is used with high precision. You understand its rhetorical weight in political and social discourse. You can analyze how the word is used to frame certain issues as 'wars' (e.g., 'der Kampf gegen Drogen' vs. 'Drogen bekämpfen'). You use the word in sophisticated contexts, such as 'systemische Ungleichheit bekämpfen' or 'die Symptome, nicht die Ursachen bekämpfen'. You are also familiar with the nominalized forms and compound words like 'Terrorismusbekämpfung' or 'Schädlingsbekämpfung'. You can distinguish between 'bekämpfen' and more subtle verbs like 'paralysieren', 'neutralisieren', or 'konterkarieren'. Your usage is natural, and you can use it metaphorically in literature or high-level journalism to describe psychological or philosophical struggles.
At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'bekämpfen' and its place in the German language's history and structure. You can use it in highly formal, academic, or literary contexts. You might use it to discuss the 'Bekämpfung von Existenzangst' in a philosophical essay or the 'Bekämpfung von Marktmonopolen' in a complex economic analysis. You understand the subtle connotations it carries—sometimes of necessity, sometimes of aggression. You can play with the word in creative writing or use it to critique political rhetoric. You are also aware of its etymological roots and how the 'be-' prefix functions across the Germanic language family to create transitive, intensive verbs. Your command of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, using it to convey exactly the right amount of force and direction.
Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

bekämpfen en 30 secondes

  • Bekämpfen is a transitive verb meaning to combat or fight a specific target.
  • It requires the accusative case and does NOT use the preposition 'gegen'.
  • Commonly used for diseases, social issues, fire, and crime.
  • It implies a proactive and goal-oriented effort to eliminate a problem.

The German verb bekämpfen is a powerful, transitive verb that signifies the act of taking active, often aggressive measures to eliminate, reduce, or overcome something perceived as negative, harmful, or undesirable. Unlike the base verb kämpfen, which can be general or intransitive (to struggle), the prefix be- transforms the action into one that is directed specifically at an object. When you bekämpfen something, you are not just struggling in its presence; you are actively working to destroy or neutralize it. This word is indispensable in contexts ranging from medicine and environmental science to social justice and personal development. It implies a sense of agency and a goal-oriented approach to conflict. In a metaphorical sense, it can also refer to internal struggles, such as fighting one's own fears or bad habits.

Transitivity
Always requires a direct accusative object (e.g., 'die Krankheit bekämpfen').
Intentionality
Implies a deliberate strategy or effort to win against an opponent or problem.
Scope
Used for physical battles, social issues, biological threats, and psychological hurdles.

"Die Regierung hat neue Maßnahmen angekündigt, um die Inflation wirksam zu bekämpfen." (The government has announced new measures to effectively combat inflation.)

In the realm of public health, doctors and researchers bekämpfen viruses and bacteria. In the legal system, police and prosecutors bekämpfen crime. In the environmental sector, activists bekämpfen the effects of climate change. The word carries a weight of seriousness; you don't usually 'bekämpfen' a minor annoyance like a fly (unless you are being dramatic), but rather significant threats. The linguistic structure of the word suggests a 'covering' or 'applying' of the fight (Kampf) onto the object, which is the hallmark of the be- prefix in German. This makes the verb much more focused than the prepositional 'kämpfen gegen' (to fight against), although they are often used as synonyms in casual speech. However, in formal writing, bekämpfen is preferred for its directness and clarity of objective.

Furthermore, the word is often found in the passive voice in news reports, such as 'Die Ursachen wurden erfolgreich bekämpft' (The causes were successfully combated). This highlights the result-oriented nature of the verb. It is not just about the process of fighting, but the intent to reach a state where the problem no longer exists or is significantly diminished. Whether it is a fire (ein Feuer bekämpfen) or corruption (Korruption bekämpfen), the focus is always on the target that needs to be eradicated.

Using bekämpfen correctly requires an understanding of German sentence structure and the specific nuances of the be- prefix. As a transitive verb, it always takes an object in the accusative case. This is the most common point of confusion for learners who are used to the English 'fight against' or the German 'kämpfen gegen'. In German, you say 'Ich bekämpfe den Schmerz' (I combat the pain), not 'Ich bekämpfe gegen den Schmerz'. The directness of the verb is what gives it its strength. It suggests that the action is applied directly to the object, like a tool being used on a material.

Conjugation
Regular verb: bekämpfte (past), hat bekämpft (perfect).
Word Order
In a main clause: 'Wir bekämpfen die Armut.' In a subordinate clause: '...weil wir die Armut bekämpfen.'
Passive Voice
'Die Pandemie wird mit Impfstoffen bekämpft.'

"Es ist schwierig, Vorurteile zu bekämpfen, wenn sie tief in der Gesellschaft verwurzelt sind." (It is difficult to combat prejudices when they are deeply rooted in society.)

When constructing sentences, consider the 'weapon' or 'method' used to combat the object. This is usually introduced with the preposition mit (with) or durch (through). For example, 'Man bekämpft Feuer mit Wasser' (One fights fire with water). This structure allows you to explain not just what is being fought, but how the battle is being waged. In professional contexts, you might hear about 'Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung von...' (measures for the combating of...), where the nominalized form Bekämpfung is used. This is very common in official documents and news headlines.

In terms of register, bekämpfen is appropriate for both formal and semi-formal situations. In very informal settings, people might use 'dagegen angehen' or simply 'was machen gegen'. However, bekämpfen remains the standard choice for serious topics. It is also worth noting that while bekämpfen usually targets something negative, it can occasionally be used in sports or competitive contexts to describe neutralizing an opponent's strategy, though 'neutralisieren' or 'stoppen' might be more common there. Stick to using it for problems, diseases, and social issues to be safe.

You will encounter bekämpfen most frequently in news broadcasts, newspapers, and official reports. It is a staple of political discourse. Politicians are constantly promising to bekämpfen various social ills, from unemployment (Arbeitslosigkeit) to terrorism (Terrorismus). If you listen to the Tagesschau or read Der Spiegel, you will see this word in almost every edition. It frames social issues as a battle that requires decisive action, which is a common rhetorical strategy in governance and activism.

Medical Contexts
Doctors talk about 'Symptome bekämpfen' (fighting symptoms) or 'die Ausbreitung des Virus bekämpfen'.
Environmental Contexts
Discussions on 'den Klimawandel bekämpfen' or 'die Umweltverschmutzung bekämpfen'.
Legal/Police Contexts
'Die organisierte Kriminalität bekämpfen' (combating organized crime).

"Die Feuerwehrleute arbeiteten die ganze Nacht, um den Waldbrand zu bekämpfen." (The firefighters worked all night to combat the forest fire.)

In a more personal or psychological context, you might hear it in therapy or self-help settings. Someone might say they are trying to bekämpfen their 'inneren Schweinehund' (inner pig-dog/laziness) or their 'Ängste' (fears). Here, the word takes on a more metaphorical but equally intense meaning. It suggests a struggle against a part of oneself that is hindering progress. This versatility makes it a key word for expressing the human experience of overcoming obstacles, whether they are external threats or internal demons.

In the workplace, you might hear it during meetings regarding 'Krisenmanagement'. A manager might say, 'Wir müssen die Ursachen für den Umsatzrückgang bekämpfen' (We must combat the causes of the decline in sales). It signals a proactive, problem-solving attitude. In summary, wherever there is a problem that requires more than just a passive response, bekämpfen is the word that describes the active effort to fix it. It is a word of action, urgency, and determination.

The most frequent mistake learners make with bekämpfen is the 'preposition trap'. Because the English equivalent is often 'to fight against', learners instinctively want to say 'bekämpfen gegen'. This is grammatically incorrect in German. The prefix be- already incorporates the direction of the action, making the preposition redundant and wrong. You must use the accusative case directly. If you feel the need to use 'gegen', you must switch to the verb kämpfen.

Wrong
Ich bekämpfe gegen die Korruption. (Incorrect use of preposition)
Right
Ich bekämpfe die Korruption. (Correct transitive use)
Also Right
Ich kämpfe gegen die Korruption. (Correct use of 'kämpfen' with preposition)

"Man kann eine Ideologie nicht mit Waffen bekämpfen, sondern nur mit besseren Ideen." (You cannot combat an ideology with weapons, but only with better ideas.)

Another common error is confusing bekämpfen with abkämpfen or erkämpfen. Sich abkämpfen means to exhaust oneself through struggling (e.g., 'Er kämpfte sich mit den schweren Koffern ab'). Erkämpfen means to achieve something through fighting (e.g., 'Sie hat sich ihren Platz in der Firma erkämpft'). Bekämpfen is specifically about the act of opposing or eliminating a target. Using the wrong prefix can completely change the meaning of your sentence, so it is vital to keep these distinctions in mind.

Finally, some learners use bekämpfen for situations that are too minor. While you can technically 'bekämpfen' a fly, it sounds overly aggressive or humorous. For small annoyances, verbs like 'vertreiben' (to drive away) or 'loswerden' (to get rid of) are often more appropriate. Bekämpfen implies a level of systemic or serious opposition. Using it for a small disagreement with a friend would also be out of place; in that case, 'streiten' (to argue) or 'sich auseinandersetzen' (to deal with/confront) would be better choices. Reserve bekämpfen for the big stuff: diseases, social issues, and serious threats.

Understanding the synonyms and related words for bekämpfen helps in choosing the right level of intensity and formality. While bekämpfen is the most direct word for combating something, other verbs offer different nuances. For instance, entgegenwirken (to counteract) is often used in scientific or technical contexts to describe a force that works against another force without necessarily implying a 'fight'. It is more neutral and less aggressive than bekämpfen.

Bekämpfen vs. Kämpfen gegen
'Bekämpfen' is more direct and formal; 'kämpfen gegen' is more general and common in speech.
Bekämpfen vs. Beseitigen
'Beseitigen' means to eliminate or remove. 'Bekämpfen' is the process, 'beseitigen' is often the result.
Bekämpfen vs. Unterdrücken
'Unterdrücken' (to suppress) implies holding something down rather than eliminating it (e.g., suppressing feelings or a rebellion).

"Wir müssen den Ursachen der Krise entgegenwirken, bevor wir sie endgültig bekämpfen können." (We must counteract the causes of the crisis before we can finally combat them.)

Another interesting comparison is with anfechten (to challenge/contest). This is used in legal or intellectual contexts, such as 'ein Testament anfechten' (to contest a will). It is a form of 'fighting', but through legal or logical means rather than direct action. Similarly, widerstehen (to resist) describes a passive form of fighting where one simply does not give in to a force or temptation. If you 'widerstehen' a chocolate cake, you aren't 'bekämpfen'-ing it (which would imply trying to destroy all chocolate cakes), you are simply resisting its pull.

In summary, choose bekämpfen when you want to emphasize a proactive, direct, and serious effort to eliminate a problem. Use entgegenwirken for a more subtle or technical counter-action, unterdrücken for suppression, and beseitigen when the focus is on the final removal of the object. Mastering these distinctions will make your German sound much more precise and sophisticated, especially in academic or professional settings.

How Formal Is It?

Formel

""

Informel

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Guide de prononciation

Rime avec
dämpfen pfänden

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Exemples par niveau

1

Wir bekämpfen den Schnupfen mit Tee.

We fight the cold with tea.

Simple transitive use.

2

Die Polizei bekämpft das Verbrechen.

The police fight crime.

Direct object: das Verbrechen.

3

Wasser bekämpft das Feuer.

Water fights the fire.

Subject-Verb-Object.

4

Ich bekämpfe meine Müdigkeit.

I am fighting my tiredness.

Personal use.

5

Die Creme bekämpft Pickel.

The cream fights pimples.

Product function.

6

Wir bekämpfen den Hunger.

We fight hunger.

Social context.

7

Er bekämpft die Kälte mit einer Jacke.

He fights the cold with a jacket.

Using 'mit' for the means.

8

Sie bekämpfen den Lärm.

They fight the noise.

Plural subject.

1

Die Stadt bekämpft die Ratten im Park.

The city is fighting the rats in the park.

Local administration context.

2

Wir müssen die Umweltverschmutzung bekämpfen.

We must fight pollution.

Modal verb 'müssen' + infinitive.

3

Dieses Medikament bekämpft die Schmerzen schnell.

This medicine fights the pain quickly.

Adverb 'schnell' modifying the action.

4

Bauern bekämpfen Unkraut auf dem Feld.

Farmers fight weeds in the field.

Professional context.

5

Die Armee bekämpft die Feinde.

The army fights the enemies.

Military context.

6

Wir bekämpfen das Chaos in der Küche.

We are fighting the chaos in the kitchen.

Metaphorical use.

7

Er bekämpft seine Angst vor Hunden.

He is fighting his fear of dogs.

Psychological context.

8

Die neue Regel soll das Rauchen bekämpfen.

The new rule is intended to combat smoking.

Purpose clause with 'soll'.

1

Die Regierung will die Arbeitslosigkeit aktiv bekämpfen.

The government wants to actively combat unemployment.

Political discourse.

2

Es ist wichtig, die Korruption in der Politik zu bekämpfen.

It is important to combat corruption in politics.

Infinitive construction with 'zu'.

3

Wissenschaftler bekämpfen die Ausbreitung neuer Krankheiten.

Scientists are fighting the spread of new diseases.

Scientific context.

4

Wir müssen die Ursachen des Klimawandels bekämpfen.

We must combat the causes of climate change.

Focus on 'Ursachen' (causes).

5

Die Feuerwehr bekämpfte den Brand stundenlang.

The fire department fought the fire for hours.

Präteritum (past tense).

6

Sie bekämpft ihre Sucht mit großer Willenskraft.

She fights her addiction with great willpower.

Personal struggle.

7

Das Gesetz wurde eingeführt, um Diskriminierung zu bekämpfen.

The law was introduced to combat discrimination.

Passive voice + 'um...zu' clause.

8

Wir bekämpfen die Inflation durch eine Zinserhöhung.

We are fighting inflation through an interest rate hike.

Economic context.

1

Die Organisation bekämpft weltweit die Kinderarmut.

The organization combats child poverty worldwide.

Global context.

2

Man muss die Symptome und die Wurzeln des Problems bekämpfen.

One must combat the symptoms and the roots of the problem.

Abstract metaphorical use.

3

Die Software wurde entwickelt, um Viren effektiv zu bekämpfen.

The software was developed to effectively combat viruses.

Technological context.

4

Es reicht nicht, nur die Folgen zu bekämpfen; wir brauchen Prävention.

It's not enough to just combat the consequences; we need prevention.

Contrastive sentence.

5

Die Polizei hat die Drogenkriminalität in diesem Viertel erfolgreich bekämpft.

The police have successfully combated drug crime in this neighborhood.

Perfekt (present perfect) tense.

6

Wir müssen Vorurteile in unseren Köpfen bekämpfen.

We must combat prejudices in our minds.

Internalized social issues.

7

Die neue Steuer soll die Spekulation am Wohnungsmarkt bekämpfen.

The new tax is intended to combat speculation in the housing market.

Economic policy.

8

Sie bekämpften den Vorschlag mit allen juristischen Mitteln.

They fought the proposal with all legal means.

Legal context.

1

Die Zentralbank versucht, die deflationären Tendenzen zu bekämpfen.

The central bank is trying to combat deflationary tendencies.

Advanced economic terminology.

2

Es gilt, die systemischen Ursachen der Ungleichheit zu bekämpfen.

It is necessary to combat the systemic causes of inequality.

Formal 'Es gilt...' construction.

3

Die Kampagne zielt darauf ab, die Stigmatisierung von psychischen Krankheiten zu bekämpfen.

The campaign aims to combat the stigmatization of mental illnesses.

Sociological context.

4

In seinem neuen Buch bekämpft der Autor veraltete Denkmuster.

In his new book, the author combats outdated patterns of thought.

Intellectual/Literary context.

5

Die Behörden bekämpfen die Geldwäsche durch strengere Kontrollen.

The authorities combat money laundering through stricter controls.

Financial crime context.

6

Wir müssen den Populismus mit Fakten und Aufklärung bekämpfen.

We must combat populism with facts and enlightenment.

Political theory.

7

Die Therapie hilft dabei, traumatische Erinnerungen zu bekämpfen.

The therapy helps in combating traumatic memories.

Psychological depth.

8

Man kann den Terrorismus nicht allein mit militärischer Gewalt bekämpfen.

One cannot combat terrorism with military force alone.

Nuanced argument.

1

Die Abhandlung bekämpft die philosophischen Grundlagen des Nihilismus.

The treatise combats the philosophical foundations of nihilism.

Highly academic context.

2

Es ist ein Sisyphus-Unterfangen, die Entropie in einem geschlossenen System zu bekämpfen.

It is a Sisyphean task to combat entropy in a closed system.

Scientific/Philosophical metaphor.

3

Die Lyrik jener Zeit bekämpfte die Erstarrung der gesellschaftlichen Konventionen.

The poetry of that time combated the rigidity of social conventions.

Literary analysis.

4

Man muss die Erosion der demokratischen Werte entschlossen bekämpfen.

One must resolutely combat the erosion of democratic values.

Political philosophy.

5

Die Strategie sieht vor, die Marktbeherrschung durch Kartellrecht zu bekämpfen.

The strategy provides for combating market dominance through antitrust law.

Legal/Economic strategy.

6

Er bekämpfte die aufkommende Melancholie mit rastloser Tätigkeit.

He combated the rising melancholy with restless activity.

Nuanced emotional description.

7

Die Reformen zielen darauf ab, die strukturelle Korruption in der Verwaltung zu bekämpfen.

The reforms aim to combat structural corruption in the administration.

Administrative reform context.

8

Die Wissenschaft bekämpft das Unwissen als den größten Feind des Fortschritts.

Science combats ignorance as the greatest enemy of progress.

Abstract personification.

Collocations courantes

die Armut bekämpfen
den Klimawandel bekämpfen
eine Krankheit bekämpfen
das Verbrechen bekämpfen
die Korruption bekämpfen
ein Feuer bekämpfen
die Inflation bekämpfen
Symptome bekämpfen
Vorurteile bekämpfen
die Ursachen bekämpfen

Phrases Courantes

aktiv bekämpfen

erfolgreich bekämpfen

entschlossen bekämpfen

gemeinsam bekämpfen

wirksam bekämpfen

mit allen Mitteln bekämpfen

an der Wurzel bekämpfen

systematisch bekämpfen

weltweit bekämpfen

die Folgen bekämpfen

Souvent confondu avec

bekämpfen vs kämpfen gegen (requires preposition)

bekämpfen vs abkämpfen (to exhaust oneself)

bekämpfen vs erkämpfen (to achieve by fighting)

Expressions idiomatiques

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""

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Facile à confondre

bekämpfen vs bestreiten

To contest or deny, rather than physically/actively combat.

bekämpfen vs widerstehen

To resist (passive) rather than combat (active).

bekämpfen vs unterdrücken

To suppress or hold down, not necessarily eliminate.

bekämpfen vs abwehren

To fend off an attack (defensive) vs. bekämpfen (offensive/proactive).

bekämpfen vs vernichten

To destroy completely; bekämpfen is the process of trying to do so.

Structures de phrases

Comment l'utiliser

nuance

Stronger and more focused than 'kämpfen gegen'.

metaphor

Can be used for internal psychological states.

Erreurs courantes
  • Using 'gegen' with bekämpfen.
  • Forgetting the accusative ending on the object.
  • Confusing it with 'besiegen' (to defeat/win).
  • Using it for minor personal arguments.
  • Separating the 'be-' prefix.

Astuces

No 'gegen'!

Always remember: 'Ich bekämpfe die Grippe', NOT 'Ich bekämpfe gegen die Grippe'.

Compound Nouns

Look out for words ending in '-bekämpfung' in German newspapers.

Formal Writing

Use 'bekämpfen' instead of 'was machen gegen' to sound more professional.

Medical Use

It's the standard word for 'fighting' symptoms or diseases in a medical context.

Inner Struggle

Use it for 'den inneren Schweinehund bekämpfen' to talk about overcoming laziness.

Global Issues

Perfect for essays on 'Armut', 'Hunger', or 'Klimawandel'.

Stress

The stress is on the second syllable: be-KÄMP-fen.

vs. Kämpfen

'Kämpfen' is the struggle; 'bekämpfen' is the attack on the problem.

Firefighting

Firefighters 'bekämpfen' the fire, they don't just 'fight against' it.

Be-Direct

The 'be-' prefix makes the action direct. Direct object, no preposition.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

BE-KÄMPFEN: 'BE' the one who ends the 'KAMPF' (fight) by targeting the problem directly.

Origine du mot

Contexte culturel

Strong focus on 'Ursachenbekämpfung' (fighting causes) rather than just symptoms.

High usage in election manifestos.

Germany's 'Energiewende' is framed as a way to 'den Klimawandel zu bekämpfen'.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"Wie bekämpfst du Stress im Alltag?"

"Was sollte die Regierung tun, um die Armut zu bekämpfen?"

"Welche Hausmittel helfen, eine Erkältung zu bekämpfen?"

"Wie kann man Vorurteile in der Gesellschaft am besten bekämpfen?"

"Hast du jemals ein Feuer bekämpft?"

Sujets d'écriture

Schreibe über eine persönliche Angst, die du bekämpfen möchtest.

Welches globale Problem würdest du als Erstes bekämpfen, wenn du die Macht hättest?

Beschreibe eine Situation, in der du erfolgreich ein Problem bekämpft hast.

Ist es besser, Symptome oder Ursachen zu bekämpfen? Warum?

Wie bekämpft deine Stadt den Müll auf den Straßen?

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, that is a common mistake. 'Bekämpfen' is transitive and takes a direct accusative object. Use 'kämpfen gegen' if you want to use a preposition.

No, it is most commonly used for abstract things like diseases, social issues, or personal habits.

The noun is 'die Bekämpfung'. It is often used in formal contexts like 'die Kriminalitätsbekämpfung'.

Yes, it follows the regular conjugation pattern: bekämpfen, bekämpfte, hat bekämpft.

Yes, you can 'einen Feind bekämpfen', but it sounds very aggressive. In social contexts, 'gegen jemanden kämpfen' is more common unless it's a literal war.

'Bekämpfen' is the act of fighting/combating, while 'beseitigen' means to actually remove or eliminate something.

No, 'be-' is always inseparable in German. It stays with the verb root.

You say 'ein Feuer bekämpfen' or 'den Brand bekämpfen'.

It's rare. Usually, you use 'besiegen' (to defeat) or 'gegen jemanden spielen'.

Yes, it is a standard B1 word, essential for discussing social and personal problems.

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