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A2 noun #3,000 le plus courant 21 min de lecture

Fähig

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces Fähig en 30 secondes
Explication Fähig in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to build their German vocabulary. The word 'fähig' is generally not a core focus at this stage, as beginners rely heavily on the modal verb 'können' (can) to express ability. For example, an A1 student will learn to say 'Ich kann schwimmen' (I can swim) rather than 'Ich bin fähig zu schwimmen'. However, it is beneficial for A1 learners to recognize 'fähig' when they hear or read it, understanding that it relates to being able to do something. The primary goal at this level is passive recognition. If an A1 learner encounters 'fähig', they should associate it with 'können' and 'gut' (good). They might see it in simple descriptions, such as 'Er ist ein fähiger Mann' (He is a capable man). Teachers at this level should not burden students with the complex 'zu' infinitive constructions required to use 'fähig' actively in a sentence. Instead, the focus should be on building a foundational vocabulary of nouns and simple verbs. If introduced, 'fähig' should be taught as a simple adjective describing a person's general competence, paired with basic vocabulary. The antonym 'unfähig' (incapable) might also be introduced as a recognizable negative trait. Overall, A1 learners should know what 'fähig' means but should not be expected to use it in complex grammatical structures until they reach higher proficiency levels.
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At the A2 level, 'fähig' becomes a highly relevant and active part of a learner's vocabulary. This is the stage where students begin to move beyond simple sentences and start constructing more complex thoughts. The most critical grammatical milestone at A2 regarding 'fähig' is learning the construction 'fähig sein, etwas zu tun' (to be capable of doing something). This introduces learners to infinitive clauses with 'zu', which is a major step in German grammar. A2 learners should practice sentences like 'Ich bin fähig, das Problem zu lösen' (I am capable of solving the problem) or 'Bist du fähig, mir zu helfen?' (Are you capable of helping me?). They need to understand that 'fähig' requires this specific structure and cannot be directly translated using prepositions like 'von' (of). Additionally, A2 learners should start recognizing and using 'fähig' as an attributive adjective, applying basic adjective declension rules: 'ein fähiger Arzt' (a capable doctor), 'eine fähige Lehrerin' (a capable teacher). They should also be introduced to the most common compound word, 'teamfähig' (capable of working in a team), as it is ubiquitous in everyday German and job contexts. By the end of A2, a student should confidently use 'fähig' to describe personal abilities and the competence of others, distinguishing it from the simpler modal verb 'können'.
At the B1 level, learners are expected to handle a wider range of topics, including work, school, and leisure, with greater fluency. The use of 'fähig' expands significantly here. B1 students should be entirely comfortable with the 'fähig sein, ... zu' construction and should use it to express more abstract and complex abilities. For example, 'Er ist nicht fähig, Kritik zu akzeptieren' (He is not capable of accepting criticism). A major focus at B1 is the explosion of compound adjectives ending in '-fähig'. Learners should actively build their vocabulary by learning words like 'leistungsfähig' (efficient/high-performing), 'widerstandsfähig' (resilient), 'kompromissfähig' (able to compromise), and 'funktionsfähig' (functional). These words are crucial for discussing professional environments, technology, and personal traits. B1 learners should also understand the synonymous phrase 'in der Lage sein' (to be in the position/able to) and be able to use it interchangeably with 'fähig sein' to add variety to their speech and writing. Furthermore, they should be able to comprehend 'fähig' in written texts, such as job advertisements or news articles, where it is frequently used to describe requirements or conditions. The antonym 'unfähig' and its compounds (e.g., 'arbeitsunfähig') should also be actively used. Mastery at B1 means using 'fähig' and its derivatives naturally in conversations about skills, workplace dynamics, and technical capabilities.
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At the B2 level, learners achieve a degree of fluency and spontaneity that allows for regular interaction with native speakers. The use of 'fähig' at this stage becomes more nuanced and sophisticated. B2 students should effortlessly use 'fähig' in complex sentence structures, including passive voice and subjunctive moods (e.g., 'Wäre er fähig gewesen, das zu tun?' - Would he have been capable of doing that?). The focus shifts heavily toward professional and academic registers. Learners must master a wide array of '-fähig' compounds relevant to business, law, and society, such as 'konkurrenzfähig' (competitive), 'gesellschaftsfähig' (socially acceptable), 'exportfähig' (exportable), and 'konsensfähig' (capable of reaching a consensus). They should be able to read and understand complex texts, such as opinion pieces or technical reports, where these terms are used to argue points or describe systemic capabilities. B2 learners also need to grasp the subtle differences between 'fähig', 'kompetent', and 'qualifiziert', choosing the exact right word for the context. In discussions, they should use 'fähig' to articulate arguments about human potential, political systems, or economic conditions. Additionally, they should be familiar with noun forms derived from these adjectives, primarily ending in '-fähigkeit' (e.g., 'die Leistungsfähigkeit' - efficiency/capacity). At B2, 'fähig' is a tool for precise, professional, and abstract communication.
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At the C1 level, learners can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. The use of 'fähig' is expected to be near-native, encompassing highly specialized, idiomatic, and abstract contexts. C1 students must navigate legal, medical, and psychological terminology where 'fähig' is a foundational element. They must understand and use terms like 'zurechnungsfähig' (of sound mind/criminally responsible), 'geschäftsfähig' (legally competent to contract), 'haftfähig' (fit for detention), and 'verhandlungsfähig' (fit to stand trial). These terms are essential for reading advanced literature, legal documents, or high-level journalism. Furthermore, C1 learners should appreciate the philosophical and sociological applications of the word, discussing concepts like 'demokratiefähig' (capable of sustaining democracy) or 'friedensfähig' (capable of peace). They should be adept at creating their own neologisms using '-fähig' to concisely describe a new concept, a common practice in academic German. The grammatical execution of 'fähig' with complex, multi-clause infinitive structures must be flawless. They should also understand subtle ironic or rhetorical uses of 'fähig' and 'unfähig' in literature and debate. At this level, 'fähig' is not just about personal ability; it is a critical linguistic component for analyzing and debating the structural capacities of society, law, and human psychology.
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At the C2 level, learners possess a comprehensive mastery of the German language, equivalent to a highly educated native speaker. The engagement with 'fähig' at this stage involves an intimate understanding of its etymology, historical usage, and the finest literary nuances. C2 users deploy 'fähig' and its myriad compounds with absolute precision, often in highly formal, academic, or literary contexts. They can effortlessly parse and construct dense, complex sentences where 'fähig' governs multiple nested subordinate clauses. At this level, the focus is on stylistic elegance and rhetorical impact. A C2 speaker might use 'fähig' to dissect complex philosophical arguments regarding human agency, determinism, and cognitive capacity. They are fully conversant with the entire spectrum of legal and medical jargon relying on '-fähig' and '-fähigkeit'. Furthermore, they can play with the language, perhaps using 'fähig' in an archaic sense or employing it in sophisticated wordplay. They understand the cultural weight of concepts like 'Leistungsfähigkeit' in the context of the German economic model (Wirtschaftswunder) and can critique such concepts fluently. At C2, 'fähig' is a fully integrated element of a vast, nuanced vocabulary, used not just to communicate, but to persuade, analyze, and create high-level discourse across any specialized field.
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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

Fähig en 30 secondes

  • Translates to 'capable' or 'able' in English.
  • Requires the 'zu' + infinitive construction (fähig sein, etwas zu tun).
  • Highly productive as a suffix to create compound adjectives (e.g., teamfähig).
  • Used in everyday, professional, and formal legal/medical contexts.

The German word fähig is an essential adjective that translates directly to 'capable' or 'able' in English. It is a fundamental vocabulary word for learners at the A2 level, as it allows you to express ability, competence, and potential in a wide variety of contexts. Understanding how to use 'fähig' correctly is crucial for building more complex sentences, particularly those involving the infinitive with 'zu'. When you say someone is 'fähig', you are describing their inherent or acquired capacity to perform a specific action, handle a situation, or fulfill a role. This concept is deeply embedded in both everyday communication and professional environments in German-speaking countries. The word itself is derived from the noun 'die Fähigkeit' (ability), though historically, the adjective form has roots in older Germanic terms related to grasping or holding, metaphorically extending to grasping a concept or holding a skill.

Core Meaning
The primary definition revolves around having the necessary power, skill, resources, or qualifications to do something.
Grammatical Function
It functions as an adjective and is often used as a predicate adjective with the verb 'sein' (to be), followed by 'zu' and an infinitive verb.
Nuance
Unlike 'können' (can/to be able to), which is a modal verb, 'fähig' emphasizes the internal capacity or psychological/physical readiness rather than just the general possibility.

Er ist fähig, das Problem ganz allein zu lösen.

He is capable of solving the problem all by himself.

To truly master 'fähig', one must understand its distinction from the modal verb 'können'. While both can be translated as 'able to', 'können' is used for general abilities (Ich kann schwimmen - I can swim), whereas 'fähig sein' often implies a specific competence or overcoming a particular challenge (Ich bin fähig, diese schwere Kiste zu tragen - I am capable of carrying this heavy box). This distinction is subtle but important for sounding natural in German. Furthermore, 'fähig' is incredibly versatile because it serves as a suffix to create numerous compound adjectives, such as 'teamfähig' (capable of working in a team), 'leistungsfähig' (efficient/capable of high performance), and 'widerstandsfähig' (resilient). These compounds are ubiquitous in German job advertisements and formal assessments.

Wir suchen einen fähigen Mitarbeiter für unser Team.

We are looking for a capable employee for our team.

In psychological and medical contexts, 'fähig' also denotes the mental or legal capacity to make decisions. For instance, 'zurechnungsfähig' means of sound mind or legally responsible, while 'geschäftsfähig' means legally competent to conduct business. These specialized uses highlight the word's importance beyond simple everyday tasks. Even in casual conversation, expressing that someone is 'ein fähiger Mann' or 'eine fähige Frau' is a strong compliment, indicating respect for their competence and reliability. The antonym 'unfähig' (incapable/incompetent) is equally common and carries a strong negative connotation, often used to criticize someone's lack of skill or failure to perform a basic duty.

Compound Usage
Frequently combined with nouns to create specific capability descriptors (e.g., kritikfähig - able to take criticism).
Legal Context
Forms the basis of legal terminology regarding competence (e.g., testierfähig - capable of making a will).
Emotional Context
Can describe emotional capacity, such as 'liebesfähig' (capable of loving).

Sie ist eine äußerst fähige Anwältin mit jahrelanger Erfahrung.

She is an extremely capable lawyer with years of experience.

Bist du fähig, diese Verantwortung zu übernehmen?

Are you capable of taking on this responsibility?

The pronunciation of 'fähig' is straightforward but requires attention to the German 'ä' sound, which is similar to the 'e' in the English word 'bed', but slightly more open and elongated. The 'h' is silent, serving to lengthen the 'ä' vowel, and the final 'ig' is traditionally pronounced as a soft 'ich' sound in standard High German (Bühnendeutsch), though in southern Germany and Austria, it is often pronounced as a hard 'ik'. Regardless of regional variations, mastering the use of 'fähig' will significantly elevate your German proficiency, allowing you to articulate complex thoughts about human potential, professional qualifications, and functional capacities with precision and confidence.

Pronunciation Note
The 'ig' ending is pronounced like 'ich' [ɪç] in the north, and 'ik' [ɪk] in the south.
Vowel Length
The 'ä' is long due to the following silent 'h' (Dehnungs-h).
Adverbial Use
It can also be used as an adverb, though this is less common than its adjectival use.

Niemand hielt ihn für fähig, ein solches Meisterwerk zu schaffen.

No one thought him capable of creating such a masterpiece.

Using the word fähig correctly in German requires an understanding of its syntactic environment and the specific grammatical structures it demands. As an adjective, it follows the standard rules of German adjective declension when placed before a noun. For example, 'ein fähiger Mann' (a capable man), 'eine fähige Frau' (a capable woman), and 'ein fähiges Kind' (a capable child). In these attributive uses, the endings change based on gender, number, and case. However, 'fähig' is most frequently encountered in its predicative form, where it does not take any endings. In this structure, it is almost always paired with the verb 'sein' (to be) and is followed by an infinitive clause introduced by 'zu'. This construction is the direct equivalent of the English 'to be capable of doing something'. Mastering this specific sentence pattern is a major milestone for A2 learners, as it introduces subordinate clause structures and infinitive phrases.

Attributive Use
Placed directly before a noun, requiring standard adjective declension (e.g., der fähige Arzt).
Predicative Use
Used with 'sein' without declension endings (e.g., Die Ärztin ist fähig).
Infinitive Construction
The most common complex structure: 'fähig sein, [etwas] zu [tun]'.

Ich bin nicht fähig, mich heute auf die Arbeit zu konzentrieren.

I am not capable of concentrating on work today.

When constructing sentences with 'fähig sein, ... zu', it is vital to remember the comma placement. In German, infinitive clauses that depend on adjectives like 'fähig' must be separated by a comma if they contain more than just the word 'zu' and the infinitive verb. For example, 'Er ist fähig zu arbeiten' does not strictly require a comma, but 'Er ist fähig, hart zu arbeiten' does. This punctuation rule helps clarify the sentence structure and is a key aspect of written German proficiency. Additionally, 'fähig' can be modified by adverbs of degree to express the extent of capability. Words like 'sehr' (very), 'äußerst' (extremely), 'kaum' (barely), and 'völlig' (completely) are frequently placed before 'fähig' to add nuance. For instance, 'völlig unfähig' means completely incapable, a phrase often used in expressions of frustration.

Das System ist fähig, große Datenmengen in Sekunden zu verarbeiten.

The system is capable of processing large amounts of data in seconds.

Another critical aspect of using 'fähig' is its role as a suffix in compound adjectives. This is a highly productive feature of the German language. By attaching '-fähig' to a noun or a verb stem, you create a new adjective that means 'capable of [noun/verb]'. For example, 'der Transport' + 'fähig' becomes 'transportfähig' (transportable/capable of being transported). 'Die Gesellschaft' (society) + 'fähig' becomes 'gesellschaftsfähig' (socially acceptable/presentable). This suffix is incredibly common in technical, medical, and business German. If a patient is ready to leave the hospital, they are 'entlassungsfähig'. If a product can be sold, it is 'verkaufsfähig'. Understanding this morphological pattern allows learners to exponentially increase their vocabulary, as recognizing the base word immediately reveals the meaning of the compound.

Noun + fähig
Creates adjectives indicating suitability for a noun's concept (e.g., wettbewerbsfähig - competitive).
Verb stem + fähig
Creates adjectives indicating the ability to undergo an action (e.g., lernfähig - capable of learning).
Negative Prefix
Adding 'un-' creates the opposite meaning (e.g., arbeitsunfähig - unable to work).

Nach dem Unfall war er für drei Monate arbeitsunfähig.

After the accident, he was incapable of working for three months.

Wir brauchen eine konsensfähige Lösung für dieses Problem.

We need a solution capable of reaching a consensus for this problem.

Finally, in formal and academic writing, 'fähig' is often used to discuss abstract concepts of human potential and societal structures. Philosophers and sociologists might discuss whether humans are 'friedensfähig' (capable of peace) or 'demokratiefähig' (capable of democracy). These high-level discussions rely on the same basic grammatical rules but apply them to complex, theoretical nouns. For a language learner, practicing the 'zu' infinitive construction with 'fähig' is the best way to internalize its usage. Start with simple sentences like 'Ich bin fähig zu lesen' and gradually build up to more complex thoughts like 'Ich bin fähig, einen langen deutschen Text ohne Wörterbuch zu lesen'. This progressive practice will solidify your understanding and ensure you can deploy this powerful word accurately in any situation.

Abstract Concepts
Used extensively in philosophy and sociology to describe human nature.
Progressive Practice
Start with simple infinitives and expand to full infinitive clauses.
Formal Register
Highly appropriate for academic papers and formal speeches.

Der Mensch ist von Natur aus lernfähig.

Humans are by nature capable of learning.

The adjective fähig is omnipresent in the German-speaking world, appearing across a vast spectrum of contexts ranging from casual daily conversations to highly formal legal and medical documents. Because it describes the fundamental concept of ability and competence, you will encounter it frequently if you live, work, or study in Germany, Austria, or Switzerland. One of the most common places you will hear and read 'fähig' is in the professional sphere, particularly during the job application process. Job advertisements (Stellenanzeigen) are filled with compound adjectives ending in '-fähig'. Employers constantly seek candidates who are 'teamfähig' (able to work in a team), 'belastbar und leistungsfähig' (resilient and capable of high performance), and 'kommunikationsfähig' (capable of good communication). In job interviews, a candidate might assert, 'Ich bin fähig, komplexe Projekte zu leiten' (I am capable of managing complex projects).

Job Advertisements
A primary source of '-fähig' compounds describing desired soft skills.
Performance Reviews
Used by managers to evaluate an employee's competence and potential.
Workplace Dialogue
Common in discussions about task delegation and project feasibility.

In unserer Abteilung ist es wichtig, absolut teamfähig zu sein.

In our department, it is important to be absolutely capable of working in a team.

Beyond the workplace, the medical and psychological fields rely heavily on 'fähig' and its derivatives to describe a patient's condition. If you visit a doctor in Germany because you are too sick to work, you will receive an 'Arbeitsunfähigkeitsbescheinigung' (certificate of incapacity for work), commonly referred to as a 'Krankschreibung'. The core of this massive compound word is 'unfähig' (incapable). Doctors also assess whether patients are 'rehabilitationsfähig' (capable of undergoing rehabilitation) or 'transportfähig' (stable enough to be transported). In psychology, therapists might discuss a patient's 'Beziehungsfähigkeit' (capacity for relationships) or whether they are 'bindungsfähig' (capable of forming attachments). These terms are standard in medical reports and consultations, making them crucial vocabulary for anyone navigating the healthcare system.

Der Arzt hat bestätigt, dass der Patient wieder reisefähig ist.

The doctor confirmed that the patient is capable of traveling again.

The legal system is another domain where 'fähig' plays a critical role. Legal German (Juristendeutsch) uses specific terms to define a person's legal standing and responsibilities. A key concept is 'Geschäftsfähigkeit' (legal capacity to contract). Minors under 7 are 'geschäftsunfähig' (legally incompetent), while those between 7 and 17 are 'beschränkt geschäftsfähig' (partially legally competent). In criminal law, a court must determine if a defendant is 'schuldfähig' (culpable/capable of guilt) or 'zurechnungsfähig' (of sound mind/accountable). These are not just abstract legal terms; they frequently appear in news reports about trials and legal disputes. Understanding these terms is essential for comprehending German news media and participating in discussions about current events and justice.

Legal Competence
Terms like geschäftsfähig dictate who can sign contracts.
Criminal Accountability
Schuldfähig determines if someone can be held legally responsible for a crime.
News Media
Frequently used in journalism to report on legal and political matters.

Der Gutachter erklärte den Angeklagten für voll zurechnungsfähig.

The expert declared the defendant fully of sound mind.

Kinder unter sieben Jahren sind rechtlich geschäftsunfähig.

Children under seven years old are legally incapable of contracting.

Finally, in everyday social interactions, 'fähig' is used to express admiration or frustration. You might hear someone praise a mechanic by saying, 'Er ist ein sehr fähiger Handwerker' (He is a very capable craftsman). Conversely, in a moment of anger, someone might exclaim, 'Bist du überhaupt fähig, mir zuzuhören?' (Are you even capable of listening to me?). In sports, commentators frequently discuss whether a team is 'konkurrenzfähig' (competitive/capable of competing) on an international level. In technology reviews, a smartphone might be described as '5G-fähig' (5G-capable) or 'schnellladefähig' (capable of fast charging). Because it seamlessly attaches to almost any concept to describe its potential, 'fähig' is a true workhorse of the German language, echoing through offices, hospitals, courtrooms, and living rooms alike.

Everyday Praise
Used to compliment someone's skills and competence.
Technology
Describes the features and compatibilities of electronic devices.
Sports Commentary
Evaluates the competitive ability of athletes and teams.

Mein neues Smartphone ist endlich 5G-fähig.

My new smartphone is finally 5G-capable.

When learning the German word fähig, English speakers often encounter a few specific pitfalls due to direct translation habits and grammatical differences between the two languages. The most prevalent and glaring mistake is the incorrect use of prepositions. In English, we say that someone is 'capable OF doing something'. A direct, word-for-word translation leads many learners to say 'fähig von' or 'fähig an'. This is grammatically incorrect in German and sounds very unnatural to native speakers. In German, the adjective 'fähig' does not take a prepositional object in this manner. Instead, it absolutely requires the infinitive construction with 'zu'. You must say 'fähig sein, etwas zu tun'. Breaking the habit of translating 'of' to 'von' in this context is one of the most important steps in mastering this word.

The Preposition Error
Translating 'capable of' as 'fähig von'. This is always wrong.
The Correct Structure
Always use 'fähig sein' followed by a comma and a 'zu' infinitive clause.
Example Correction
Instead of 'Ich bin fähig von schwimmen', say 'Ich bin fähig zu schwimmen'.

FALSCH: Er ist fähig von der Arbeit. RICHTIG: Er ist fähig, die Arbeit zu machen.

WRONG: He is capable of the work. RIGHT: He is capable of doing the work.

Another frequent mistake involves confusing 'fähig' with the modal verb 'können'. While both can be translated as 'can' or 'able to', they are used differently. 'Können' is a modal verb that directly modifies another verb without 'zu' (e.g., Ich kann singen). 'Fähig sein' is an adjectival phrase that requires 'zu' (e.g., Ich bin fähig zu singen). Learners often mix these structures, resulting in errors like 'Ich bin fähig singen' (missing the 'zu') or 'Ich kann zu singen' (adding an unnecessary 'zu'). Furthermore, there is a nuance in meaning. 'Können' is used for general skills or possibilities, while 'fähig sein' emphasizes a specific capacity, often overcoming a limitation or describing a fundamental trait. Overusing 'fähig' when a simple 'können' would suffice can make your German sound overly formal or slightly dramatic.

FALSCH: Ich bin fähig das Auto fahren. RICHTIG: Ich bin fähig, das Auto zu fahren.

WRONG: I am capable drive the car. RIGHT: I am capable of driving the car.

A third area of confusion arises with adjective declension. When 'fähig' is used predicatively (after the verb 'sein'), it takes no endings: 'Der Mann ist fähig'. However, when used attributively (before a noun), it must be declined according to gender, number, and case: 'ein fähiger Mann', 'die fähige Frau', 'mit einem fähigen Team'. Learners often forget to decline it or apply the wrong endings, especially in the dative and genitive cases. This is a general issue with German adjectives, but because 'fähig' is often used in professional contexts where correct grammar is highly valued, these mistakes can be particularly noticeable. Practicing adjective declension charts specifically with 'fähig' and its compound forms (like 'teamfähig') is highly recommended.

Predicative vs. Attributive
Remember: no ending after 'sein', but endings are required before a noun.
Case Confusion
Pay special attention to dative and accusative endings when describing capable people.
Compound Declension
Compounds like 'leistungsfähig' follow the exact same declension rules as 'fähig'.

Wir suchen nach einem fähigen (nicht: fähig) Manager.

We are looking for a capable manager.

Sie ist eine sehr fähige Programmiererin.

She is a very capable programmer.

Lastly, learners sometimes confuse 'fähig' with words that look or sound similar but have different meanings. A common mix-up is with 'fertig' (finished/ready). While both start with 'f' and end with 'ig', saying 'Ich bin fähig' when you mean 'I am finished' will cause confusion. Another subtle error is using 'fähig' when 'kompetent' (competent) or 'qualifiziert' (qualified) might be more precise in a highly specific professional context, though 'fähig' is generally acceptable. By being aware of these common mistakes—especially the 'von' preposition error and the 'zu' infinitive requirement—you can significantly improve the accuracy and natural flow of your German sentences.

Fähig vs. Fertig
Fähig = capable. Fertig = finished/ready. Do not mix them up.
Overuse
Don't use it for simple permissions (use 'dürfen') or simple possibilities (use 'können').
Punctuation
Forgetting the comma before the 'zu' clause in written German is a common punctuation error.

Bist du fähig, das bis morgen zu erledigen?

Are you capable of getting that done by tomorrow?

The German language offers a rich variety of words to express ability, competence, and potential, many of which are similar to fähig. Understanding the nuances between these synonyms is key to developing a sophisticated and precise vocabulary. The most direct and common alternative is the modal verb können (can/to be able to). While 'fähig sein' is an adjectival phrase emphasizing internal capacity, 'können' is the standard, everyday way to express that you have the skill or opportunity to do something. 'Ich kann schwimmen' (I can swim) is much more natural for general skills than 'Ich bin fähig zu schwimmen'. However, 'können' lacks the formal weight and the specific focus on 'capability' that 'fähig' provides, especially in professional or technical contexts.

Können
The standard modal verb for 'can' or 'to be able to'. Used for general abilities and possibilities.
Kompetent
Means 'competent'. Often used in professional settings to describe someone with the right skills and knowledge.
Qualifiziert
Means 'qualified'. Implies formal training, certification, or education for a specific role.

Sie ist nicht nur fähig, sondern auch hoch qualifiziert für diese Position.

She is not only capable but also highly qualified for this position.

Another closely related word is kompetent (competent). While 'fähig' implies the raw ability to do something, 'kompetent' suggests a higher level of professional skill, knowledge, and authority. A 'fähiger Mitarbeiter' is a capable employee who gets the job done, but ein 'kompetenter Berater' is an expert consultant whose advice you trust due to their deep knowledge. Similarly, qualifiziert (qualified) is used when someone has the formal education, degrees, or certifications required for a task. You can be 'fähig' to fix a car because you learned it as a hobby, but you are only 'qualifiziert' if you have completed a mechanic's apprenticeship. Choosing between these words allows you to specify exactly what kind of ability you are describing.

Wir suchen einen fähigen und kompetenten Leiter für das neue Projekt.

We are looking for a capable and competent leader for the new project.

In contexts describing physical or mental readiness, words like in der Lage (in the position/able) are frequently used as direct synonyms for 'fähig sein'. The phrase 'in der Lage sein, etwas zu tun' is completely interchangeable with 'fähig sein, etwas zu tun'. For example, 'Ich bin nicht in der Lage, dir zu helfen' means exactly the same as 'Ich bin nicht fähig, dir zu helfen' (I am not able to help you). 'In der Lage sein' often sounds slightly more formal or polite and is very common in written correspondence. Another related concept is begabt (gifted/talented) or talentiert. These words describe an innate, natural ability rather than just a functional capability. A 'begabter Musiker' has natural talent, whereas a 'fähiger Musiker' is technically proficient.

In der Lage (sein)
A phrase meaning 'to be in the position to' or 'to be able to'. Highly synonymous with 'fähig sein'.
Begabt / Talentiert
Means 'gifted' or 'talented'. Focuses on natural, innate ability rather than learned capability.
Geschickt
Means 'skillful' or 'dexterous'. Often used for manual abilities or clever handling of situations.

Aufgrund der Krankheit war er nicht in der Lage, zu arbeiten, obwohl er sehr fähig ist.

Due to the illness, he was not in the position to work, even though he is very capable.

Sie ist eine fähige und äußerst geschickte Verhandlungsführerin.

She is a capable and extremely skillful negotiator.

Finally, it is worth noting the antonyms, as they help define the boundaries of 'fähig'. The direct opposite is unfähig (incapable/incompetent). Other related negative terms include inkompetent (incompetent) and machtlos (powerless). While 'unfähig' simply means lacking the ability, it can carry a harsh, insulting tone when applied to a person's professional skills. Understanding this web of synonyms and antonyms—from the everyday 'können' to the formal 'in der Lage sein' and the specific 'kompetent'—will allow you to express the exact shade of meaning you intend, making your German much more expressive and accurate.

Unfähig
The direct antonym, meaning incapable or incompetent. Can be strongly derogatory.
Tauglich
Means 'suitable' or 'fit for purpose'. Often used in military or technical contexts (e.g., wehrtauglich).
Mächtig
Means 'powerful' or 'in command of'. Used with genitive: 'einer Sprache mächtig sein' (to be capable of a language).

Es ist frustrierend, mit jemandem zu arbeiten, der völlig unfähig ist.

It is frustrating to work with someone who is completely incapable.

How Formal Is It?

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Infinitive clauses with 'zu'

Adjective declension

Comma rules for infinitive clauses

Word formation (compounding suffixes)

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Exemples par niveau

1

Er ist ein fähiger Mann.

He is a capable man.

Used as an attributive adjective with the masculine nominative ending '-er'.

2

Sie ist sehr fähig.

She is very capable.

Used as a predicative adjective, no ending required.

3

Das ist eine fähige Person.

That is a capable person.

Attributive use with feminine nominative ending '-e'.

4

Bist du fähig?

Are you capable?

Simple yes/no question using the predicative form.

5

Der fähige Hund lernt schnell.

The capable dog learns fast.

Attributive use with definite article 'der'.

6

Ich bin nicht fähig.

I am not capable.

Negation with 'nicht' placed before the predicative adjective.

7

Wir brauchen fähige Leute.

We need capable people.

Attributive use in plural accusative, ending '-e'.

8

Ist er fähig für den Job?

Is he capable for the job?

Simple prepositional phrase, though 'zu' + infinitive is better for higher levels.

1

Ich bin fähig, das Auto zu reparieren.

I am capable of repairing the car.

Introduction of the 'zu' + infinitive construction.

2

Bist du fähig, mir heute zu helfen?

Are you capable of helping me today?

Question format with 'zu' + infinitive clause.

3

Sie ist fähig, gut im Team zu arbeiten.

She is capable of working well in a team.

Using adverbs within the infinitive clause.

4

Er sucht einen fähigen Mitarbeiter.

He is looking for a capable employee.

Accusative masculine declension '-en'.

5

Wir sind nicht fähig, so viel zu bezahlen.

We are not capable of paying that much.

Negation combined with the infinitive construction.

6

Das ist ein sehr fähiges Team.

That is a very capable team.

Neuter nominative declension '-es' with an adverb of degree.

7

Ich glaube, dass er fähig ist.

I believe that he is capable.

Used at the end of a subordinate 'dass' clause.

8

Sie ist absolut teamfähig.

She is absolutely capable of working in a team.

Introduction of a common compound adjective.

1

Aufgrund seiner Erfahrung ist er fähig, das Projekt zu leiten.

Due to his experience, he is capable of leading the project.

Complex sentence starting with a prepositional phrase.

2

Das neue Smartphone ist extrem leistungsfähig.

The new smartphone is extremely powerful/capable.

Use of the compound 'leistungsfähig'.

3

Ich war gestern so müde, dass ich zu nichts fähig war.

I was so tired yesterday that I was capable of nothing.

Use of 'zu nichts fähig sein' (capable of nothing).

4

Wir müssen eine lösungsorientierte und fähige Person einstellen.

We must hire a solution-oriented and capable person.

Multiple adjectives modifying a noun in the accusative.

5

Ist die Maschine noch funktionsfähig?

Is the machine still functional/capable of functioning?

Use of the compound 'funktionsfähig'.

6

Er hat bewiesen, dass er fähig ist, unter Druck zu arbeiten.

He has proven that he is capable of working under pressure.

Infinitive clause embedded within a 'dass' clause.

7

Sie gilt als eine der fähigsten Ärztinnen der Stadt.

She is considered one of the most capable doctors in the city.

Superlative form 'fähigsten' in a genitive construction.

8

Nach dem Unfall war er wochenlang arbeitsunfähig.

After the accident, he was incapable of working for weeks.

Use of the negative compound 'arbeitsunfähig'.

1

Um international konkurrenzfähig zu bleiben, müssen wir innovativ sein.

In order to remain internationally competitive, we must be innovative.

Compound 'konkurrenzfähig' in an 'um...zu' construction.

2

Es ist fraglich, ob er psychisch fähig ist, diese Belastung zu ertragen.

It is questionable whether he is psychologically capable of bearing this burden.

Adverbial modification 'psychisch fähig' in an indirect question.

3

Die Software ist netzwerkfähig und kann in bestehende Systeme integriert werden.

The software is network-capable and can be integrated into existing systems.

Technical compound 'netzwerkfähig' with passive voice.

4

Trotz seines Alters ist er geistig noch völlig aufnahmefähig.

Despite his age, he is still completely mentally receptive/capable of absorbing information.

Compound 'aufnahmefähig' modified by adverbs.

5

Der Kompromiss muss für alle beteiligten Parteien konsensfähig sein.

The compromise must be capable of reaching a consensus for all involved parties.

Political/formal compound 'konsensfähig'.

6

Man hielt ihn nicht für fähig, ein solches Verbrechen zu begehen.

He was not thought capable of committing such a crime.

Use of 'jemanden für fähig halten' (to consider someone capable).

7

Ihre bemerkenswerte Anpassungsfähigkeit macht sie zu einer fähigen Führungskraft.

Her remarkable adaptability makes her a capable leader.

Noun derivative 'Anpassungsfähigkeit' paired with the adjective.

8

Der Patient wurde nach der Operation als transportfähig eingestuft.

The patient was classified as capable of being transported after the surgery.

Medical compound 'transportfähig' in passive voice.

1

Der forensische Gutachter erklärte den Angeklagten zur Tatzeit für voll zurechnungsfähig.

The forensic expert declared the defendant fully of sound mind at the time of the crime.

Legal terminology 'zurechnungsfähig'.

2

In einer hochkomplexen, globalisierten Wirtschaft sind nur äußerst wandlungsfähige Unternehmen überlebensfähig.

In a highly complex, globalized economy, only extremely adaptable companies are capable of surviving.

Multiple advanced compounds: 'wandlungsfähig', 'überlebensfähig'.

3

Es bedarf einer fähigen Rhetorik, um die Massen in Krisenzeiten zu mobilisieren.

It requires capable rhetoric to mobilize the masses in times of crisis.

Abstract use of 'fähig' modifying a concept (Rhetorik) with genitive 'bedarf'.

4

Die Frage, ob der Mensch von Natur aus friedensfähig ist, beschäftigt Philosophen seit Jahrtausenden.

The question of whether humans are by nature capable of peace has occupied philosophers for millennia.

Philosophical compound 'friedensfähig' in an indirect question.

5

Da der Vertragspartner zum Zeitpunkt der Unterschrift stark alkoholisiert war, war er rechtlich gesehen geschäftsunfähig.

Since the contracting party was heavily intoxicated at the time of signing, he was legally incapable of contracting.

Legal term 'geschäftsunfähig' with causal 'da' clause.

6

Ihre Analyse war brillant; sie ist fähig, die subtilsten Nuancen des Textes zu dekonstruieren.

Her analysis was brilliant; she is capable of deconstructing the most subtle nuances of the text.

Advanced vocabulary in the infinitive clause (Nuancen, dekonstruieren).

7

Das System ist nicht nur abwärtskompatibel, sondern auch in hohem Maße ausbaufähig.

The system is not only backwards compatible but also highly capable of being expanded.

Technical compound 'ausbaufähig' with 'in hohem Maße'.

8

Man darf die Sprengkraft einer Gesellschaft, die sich selbst nicht mehr für reformfähig hält, nicht unterschätzen.

One must not underestimate the explosive power of a society that no longer considers itself capable of reform.

Societal compound 'reformfähig' in a complex relative clause.

1

Die demagogische Brillanz des Redners lag gerade darin, dass er fähig war, Ressentiments in scheinbar rationale Argumente umzumünzen.

The demagogic brilliance of the speaker lay precisely in the fact that he was capable of converting resentments into seemingly rational arguments.

Highly literary and analytical sentence structure.

2

Obgleich er über eine profunde Gelehrsamkeit verfügte, erwies er sich als gänzlich unfähig, diese einem Laienpublikum zu vermitteln.

Although he possessed profound erudition, he proved to be entirely incapable of conveying it to a lay audience.

Concessive clause with 'obgleich' and reflexive verb 'sich erweisen als'.

3

Die literarische Moderne ist gekennzeichnet durch Protagonisten, die kaum noch fähig sind, eine kohärente Identität aufrechtzuerhalten.

Literary modernism is characterized by protagonists who are barely capable of maintaining a coherent identity.

Academic literary analysis context.

4

Die Jurisprudenz muss sich stetig weiterentwickeln, um der immer komplexer werdenden technologischen Realität subsumtionsfähig zu bleiben.

Jurisprudence must constantly evolve in order to remain capable of subsuming the increasingly complex technological reality.

Highly specialized legal/philosophical compound 'subsumtionsfähig'.

5

Es zeugt von einer bemerkenswerten charakterlichen Größe, fähig zu sein, eigene fundamentalistische Überzeugungen der Falsifikation preiszugeben.

It testifies to remarkable greatness of character to be capable of exposing one's own fundamentalist convictions to falsification.

Complex infinitive clause acting as the logical subject.

6

Die Resilienz der Demokratie bemisst sich an ihrer Fähigkeit, auch radikale Systemkritik als diskursfähig zu integrieren.

The resilience of democracy is measured by its ability to integrate even radical systemic criticism as capable of discourse.

Political science terminology 'diskursfähig'.

7

Er war ein Meister der Ambiguität, fähig, mit einem einzigen Satz diametral entgegengesetzte Interpretationen zu evozieren.

He was a master of ambiguity, capable of evoking diametrically opposed interpretations with a single sentence.

Appositional use of 'fähig' with sophisticated vocabulary.

8

Die Frage der Willensfreiheit kulminiert in dem Dilemma, ob das neuronale Substrat überhaupt fähig ist, kausale Lücken für autonome Entscheidungen zu lassen.

The question of free will culminates in the dilemma of whether the neural substrate is even capable of leaving causal gaps for autonomous decisions.

Neurophilosophical context with dense terminology.

Collocations courantes

fähig sein
sehr fähig
äußerst fähig
dazu fähig
kaum fähig
völlig fähig
ein fähiger Mitarbeiter
eine fähige Führungskraft
geistig fähig
körperlich fähig

Phrases Courantes

fähig sein, etwas zu tun
zu allem fähig sein
zu nichts fähig sein
jemanden für fähig halten
sich fähig zeigen
ein fähiger Kopf
in hohem Maße fähig
absolut fähig
nicht fähig sein
wieder fähig sein

Souvent confondu avec

Fähig vs fertig (finished/ready)

Fähig vs können (can/modal verb)

Fähig vs kompetent (competent - similar but more formal/professional)

Expressions idiomatiques

"zu allem fähig sein (capable of anything - often negative)"
"ein fähiger Kopf sein (to be a smart/capable person)"
"seines Amtes fähig sein (capable of holding one's office)"
"nicht fähig sein, einen klaren Gedanken zu fassen (unable to think straight)"
"gesellschaftsfähig werden (to become socially acceptable)"
"salonfähig sein (to be socially acceptable/presentable)"
"überlebensfähig sein (to be viable/capable of surviving)"
"konkurrenzfähig bleiben (to stay competitive)"
"zurechnungsfähig sein (to be of sound mind)"
"arbeitsfähig geschrieben werden (to be declared fit for work by a doctor)"

Facile à confondre

Fähig vs

Fähig vs

Fähig vs

Structures de phrases

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Comment l'utiliser

nuance

Carries a stronger sense of specific competence or overcoming a hurdle than the simple modal verb 'können'.

frequency

High. Very common in both spoken and written German.

regional differences

Pronunciation of the '-ig' ending varies (soft 'ich' in the north/standard, hard 'ik' in the south/Austria/Switzerland).

Erreurs courantes
  • Translating 'capable of' as 'fähig von' instead of using 'zu' + infinitive.
  • Forgetting the comma before the extended infinitive clause in written German.
  • Confusing 'fähig' (capable) with 'fertig' (finished/ready).
  • Overusing 'fähig' for simple abilities where 'können' is more natural.
  • Failing to decline 'fähig' when it is placed directly before a noun.

Astuces

The 'zu' Rule

Always pair 'fähig' with 'zu' + infinitive when describing an action. Never use 'von'. This is the most common mistake English speakers make.

Build Compounds

If you know a noun, you can often add '-fähig' to it to describe the ability related to that noun. Kritik -> kritikfähig (able to take criticism).

Don't Forget the Comma

In writing, separate the main clause ('Ich bin fähig') from the extended infinitive clause with a comma. It makes your German look professional and correct.

Können vs. Fähig

Don't overuse 'fähig'. For simple, everyday abilities, stick to 'können'. Save 'fähig' for when you want to emphasize competence or capacity.

The Silent H

The 'h' in 'fähig' is silent. It only serves to make the 'ä' sound longer. Pronounce it like 'fä-ich'.

Endings Matter

When 'fähig' comes before a noun (ein fähiger Mann), you must add the correct adjective endings. Review your declension charts!

Watch for 'un-'

When reading, pay close attention to the prefix 'un-'. 'Arbeitsfähig' means you can work; 'arbeitsunfähig' means you cannot. Missing the 'un-' changes the entire sentence.

Resume Vocabulary

Use '-fähig' compounds on your German resume (Lebenslauf). Words like 'teamfähig', 'anpassungsfähig', and 'leistungsfähig' are highly sought after by employers.

Zu allem fähig

Be careful with the phrase 'zu allem fähig'. It sounds cool, but it often implies you are capable of doing bad or crazy things, not just good things.

Legal and Medical

Recognize that '-fähig' is heavily used in official jargon. 'Geschäftsfähig' (legal) and 'transportfähig' (medical) are precise terms, not just casual descriptions.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'fähig' as having the 'f'orce and 'a'bility to do something 'hig'hly well.

Origine du mot

Middle High German 'væhic', Old High German 'fāhig'.

Contexte culturel

The concept of 'Geschäftsfähigkeit' (legal competence) is a cornerstone of the German Civil Code (BGB), strictly defining at what age and mental state a person can legally bind themselves to contracts.

The term 'salonfähig' (literally: capable of the salon) is used to describe ideas or behaviors that were once taboo but have now become socially acceptable in polite society.

In job references (Arbeitszeugnisse), the word 'fähig' is positive, but 'äußerst fähig' (extremely capable) is required to indicate truly excellent performance due to the coded language used in these documents.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"Glaubst du, dass du fähig bist, diese Aufgabe zu übernehmen?"

"Was macht einen fähigen Chef aus?"

"Bist du eher teamfähig oder arbeitest du lieber allein?"

"Hältst du die aktuelle Regierung für fähig, die Krise zu lösen?"

"Ab welchem Alter sollte man geschäftsfähig sein?"

Sujets d'écriture

Beschreibe eine Situation, in der du dich sehr fähig gefühlt hast.

Was sind die wichtigsten Fähigkeiten (Fähigkeiten -> noun of fähig) in deinem Beruf?

Gibt es etwas, wozu du absolut nicht fähig bist? Warum?

Wie wichtig ist es, in der heutigen Zeit anpassungsfähig zu sein?

Schreibe über eine sehr fähige Person, die du bewunderst.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, this is a direct translation from the English 'capable of' and is grammatically incorrect in German. You must use the construction 'fähig sein, etwas zu tun'. For example, 'Ich bin fähig zu arbeiten', not 'Ich bin fähig von arbeiten'.

'Können' is a modal verb used for general abilities (I can swim). 'Fähig' is an adjective that emphasizes a specific capacity, competence, or readiness (I am capable of swimming across this river). 'Können' is much more common for everyday skills.

In standard High German (Bühnendeutsch), the '-ig' at the end of a word is pronounced like the 'ch' in 'ich' (a soft, hissing sound). However, in southern Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, it is often pronounced as a hard 'k' (like 'fä-hik'). Both are understood everywhere.

Yes, in written German, if the infinitive clause following 'fähig' contains more than just the word 'zu' and the verb, you must use a comma. Example: 'Er ist fähig, das schwere Auto zu reparieren.' If it's just 'zu' + verb, the comma is optional but recommended: 'Er ist fähig(,) zu arbeiten.'

'Teamfähig' is a compound adjective meaning 'capable of working in a team'. It is one of the most common buzzwords in German job advertisements. It combines 'Team' and 'fähig'.

It can be. While it literally just means 'incapable', calling someone 'unfähig' in a professional setting is a strong criticism of their competence. It is often used to express frustration, like calling someone 'incompetent' in English.

Yes, especially in compound forms. A machine can be 'funktionsfähig' (functional/capable of working), or a smartphone can be '5G-fähig' (5G-capable). The base word 'fähig' is usually reserved for living beings or intelligent systems.

The noun form is 'die Fähigkeit', which translates to 'the ability' or 'the capability'. It is a feminine noun and forms its plural by adding '-en' (die Fähigkeiten).

The common idiom is 'Ich bin zu allem fähig'. Note that this often carries a slightly negative or dramatic connotation, implying you might do something crazy or extreme. It uses the preposition 'zu' directly with a pronoun here.

'Salonfähig' literally means 'capable of the salon'. It is an idiom used to describe something (an idea, a word, a behavior) that was previously unacceptable or taboo but has now become acceptable in polite society or mainstream culture.

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