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Persan
Vocabulaire
افشا کردن

C1 verb 9 min de lecture

افشا کردن

efsha kardan

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces افشا کردن en 30 secondes

Explication افشا کردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'efshā kardan' is a very advanced word. You can think of it as a special way to say 'telling a secret'. Imagine you have a surprise for your mom, and your brother tells her. He 'efshā'ed your surprise. Even though the word is big, remember it means showing something that was hidden. In simple Persian, we usually say 'goftan' (to say), but 'efshā kardan' is like 'saying a big secret'. You don't need to use it yet, but if you see it, just think: 'Someone is telling a secret!'

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For A2 learners, 'efshā kardan' is a word you might see in simple news stories or stories about detectives. It means 'to reveal'. It is a compound verb made of 'efshā' and 'kardan'. When you want to use it, remember to use 'kardan' to show the time (past, present, future). For example: 'Man rāz-rā efshā kardam' (I revealed the secret). It is more formal than 'goftan'. You use it when the information is important. Think of it like opening a box that was locked.

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At the B1 level, you should start recognizing the difference between 'efshā kardan' and 'neshān dādan' (to show). 'Efshā kardan' is specific to secrets or hidden information. You will hear this on the news when people talk about 'asrār' (secrets) or 'haqāyeq' (truths). It’s an important word for discussing social issues or reading newspapers. Practice using it in the past tense to describe things that were uncovered. It’s also useful to know the passive form: 'efshā shod' (it was revealed).

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B2 learners should understand the 'weight' of this word. 'Efshā kardan' is used for serious disclosures. It is the standard term for investigative reports. You should be able to use it in essays about transparency or government. It is often used with 'rā' because it usually takes a specific direct object (the secret, the document, the truth). You can also use it to describe whistleblowing. For example, 'The employee exposed the company's lies' would use 'efshā kard'. It's a key word for sounding more professional and advanced in your speech.

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As a C1 learner, you must master the nuances of 'efshā kardan' compared to 'barmalā kardan' or 'parde bardāshtan'. 'Efshā kardan' implies a deliberate act of disclosure, often for the public good or as a form of exposure. It is the primary verb for 'to leak' in a political or journalistic sense. You should also be familiar with the noun 'efshā-gari' (exposure/whistleblowing). In your writing, use it to discuss ethics, media responsibility, and political accountability. It is a 'high-register' verb that adds authority to your Persian.

At the C2 level, you use 'efshā kardan' to discuss the philosophical and legal implications of truth-telling. You understand its root in Arabic and how it has evolved in modern Persian discourse. You can use it in complex sentence structures, such as 'Efshā-ye nagoftani-hā' (The revealing of the unspeakable). You recognize its use in classical poetry where it might refer to the heart's secrets being revealed to the world. You use it with precision, distinguishing it from 'fāsh kardan' based on the specific social and legal gravity of the situation.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

افشا کردن en 30 secondes

A formal Persian verb meaning 'to reveal' or 'to disclose'.
Primarily used for scandals, secrets, or journalistic exposures.
A compound verb consisting of 'efshā' and 'kardan'.
Carries a heavy, serious tone suitable for professional contexts.

The Persian compound verb افشا کردن (efshā kardan) is a sophisticated and powerful term used to describe the act of revealing, disclosing, or exposing information that was previously hidden, secret, or unknown to the public. It originates from the Arabic root 'f-sh-y', which conveys the idea of spreading or circulating information. In a modern Persian context, this word carries significant weight, often associated with investigative journalism, political scandals, and the uncovering of deep-seated truths. It is not merely 'telling a secret' in a casual sense; rather, it implies a formal or impactful revelation that often changes the perception of a situation or person.

The Journalistic Context: In the world of media, journalists use this verb when they uncover corruption or hidden agendas. When a reporter 'efshā's' a document, they are performing a public service by bringing light to darkness. It suggests a process of discovery followed by a deliberate act of publication.
The Legal and Political Domain: In politics, 'efshā kardan' is often used during campaigns or trials. If a candidate's past tax records are revealed, the verb used is 'efshā'. It implies that the information was intentionally kept away from the public eye and its revelation might have legal or social consequences.
Personal and Social Nuance: While primarily formal, it can be used in personal relationships to describe the revealing of a major, life-altering secret. However, for minor gossip, Persians would more likely use 'fāsh kardan' or the slang 'lo dādan'. Using 'efshā' in a personal context adds a layer of gravity and seriousness to the revelation.

روزنامه‌نگار شجاع، فساد مالی گسترده در شهرداری را افشا کرد.
(The brave journalist exposed the widespread financial corruption in the municipality.)

To understand the depth of this word, one must consider the social implications of 'secrecy' in Persian culture. Transparency is highly valued in modern civil discourse, and 'efshā kardan' acts as the linguistic tool for achieving that transparency. It is the verbal equivalent of pulling back a heavy curtain to show what lies behind. The word consists of 'efshā' (revelation/disclosure) and the auxiliary verb 'kardan' (to do/to make). In its passive form, 'efshā shodan', it means 'to be revealed'.

او تهدید کرد که تمام پیام‌های خصوصی آن‌ها را در اینترنت افشا خواهد کرد.
(He threatened that he would expose all their private messages on the internet.)

Furthermore, the word is often paired with nouns like 'asrār' (secrets), 'haqāyeq' (realities/truths), or 'nā-pāki' (impurity/corruption). It is a verb of action and consequence. When something is 'efshā', the status quo is usually disrupted. It is a key term for anyone studying Persian political science, law, or advanced literature, as it touches upon the themes of truth, betrayal, and justice.

پلیس هویت واقعی مجرم را برای عموم افشا نکرد.
(The police did not disclose the criminal's true identity to the public.)

Using افشا کردن correctly requires an understanding of its transitivity and its typical objects. As a compound verb, the 'kardan' part changes to reflect tense, person, and mood, while 'efshā' remains constant. It is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object—the thing that is being revealed.

Tense Variations: In the past tense: 'Man efshā kardam' (I revealed). In the present continuous: 'Dāram efshā mikonam' (I am revealing). In the future: 'Efshā khāham kard' (I will reveal). Note that in formal writing, the future tense is very common with this word.
Formal vs. Informal Usage: While you can use it in conversation, it sounds quite 'bookish'. If you are telling a friend that you found out who their crush is, saying 'efshā kardam' might sound overly dramatic or even sarcastic. For everyday 'spilling the beans', use 'lo dādan'.

ما نباید اطلاعات محرمانه مشتریان را افشا کنیم.
(We must not disclose the confidential information of the clients.)

In academic writing, 'efshā kardan' is often used to discuss scientific discoveries or the revealing of historical facts. For example, 'این تحقیق ابعاد جدیدی از بیماری را افشا کرد' (This research revealed new dimensions of the disease). Here, it functions similarly to 'uncover' or 'manifest'. It can also be used in the negative to indicate a refusal to cooperate or a commitment to secrecy: 'او از افشا کردن نام منبع خود خودداری کرد' (He refused to reveal the name of his source).

آیا می‌توانی حقیقت را افشا کنی؟
(Can you reveal the truth?)

When used with the preposition 'barāye' (for/to), you specify the audience of the revelation. 'Efshā kardan barāye afkār-e omumi' (Revealing to the public opinion) is a very common phrase in Iranian newspapers. It emphasizes that the revelation is a service to the people.

دولت قول داده است که نتایج آزمایش‌ها را به زودی افشا کند.
(The government has promised to disclose the results of the tests soon.)

You will encounter افشا کردن most frequently in formal Persian environments. If you watch the news on IRIB (Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting) or follow Persian-speaking news agencies abroad like Iran International, this word is a staple. It is the language of 'The Big Reveal'.

News Headlines: Headlines often use the noun form 'Efshā-gari' (whistleblowing/exposure). A headline might read: 'افشاگری جدید درباره قراردادهای نفتی' (New exposure regarding oil contracts). This immediately signals to the reader that something scandalous or hidden is being brought to light.
Legal Proceedings: In a courtroom, a lawyer might ask a witness to 'efshā' certain details. The judge might rule that certain documents must be 'efshā' (disclosed) to the defense. It is the technical term for legal discovery and disclosure.

در مستند دیشب، حقایق تکان‌دهنده‌ای افشا شد.
(In last night's documentary, shocking truths were revealed.)

In literature and cinema, specifically in the thriller or mystery genres (Persian: 'Janr-e mo'ammāyi'), the climax of the story often involves an 'efshā'. The detective might say: 'وقت آن است که قاتل را افشا کنم' (It is time to expose the killer). It provides a sense of resolution and truth-telling.

ویکی‌لیکس هزاران سند محرمانه را افشا کرد.
(WikiLeaks exposed thousands of confidential documents.)

You might also hear it in the context of 'whistleblowing'. A person who performs 'efshā-gari' is an 'efshā-gar'. This term has become increasingly popular in Persian social media (Telegram and Twitter/X) where activists 'efshā' the wrongdoings of officials or celebrities. It is a word associated with the digital age of information leaking.

او به خاطر افشا کردن اسرار نظامی دستگیر شد.
(He was arrested for disclosing military secrets.)

While افشا کردن is a high-level word, learners often trip up on its register and its distinction from similar verbs. Because Persian has many words for 'telling' and 'showing', choosing the right one is crucial for sounding natural.

Mistake 1: Using it for everyday secrets: If you tell your friend that your sister is getting married before she announces it, don't say 'Man in-rā efshā kardam'. It sounds like you're talking about a government scandal. Instead, use 'lo dādam' (I gave it away/spilled) or 'fāsh kardam' (I revealed - slightly more formal but still okay for personal secrets).
Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Neshān dādan': 'Neshān dādan' simply means 'to show'. 'Efshā kardan' specifically means showing something that was *hidden*. You show a picture (neshān dādan), but you expose a crime (efshā kardan).

❌ من عکس‌های سفرم را افشا کردم.
✅ من عکس‌های سفرم را نشان دادم.
(Correct: I showed my travel photos. Incorrect: I 'exposed' my travel photos - unless they contain a scandal!)

Another common error is the misuse of prepositions. Some learners try to use 'be' (to) with 'efshā kardan'. While 'be' can work in some contexts, 'barāye' (for) or simply using the direct object with 'rā' is much more standard. Also, remember that 'efshā' is the noun part; you cannot say 'man efshā-idam'. You must use the auxiliary verb 'kardan'.

❌ او راز را به من افشا کرد.
✅ او راز را برای من فاش کرد.
(In personal contexts, 'fāsh kardan' is better for 'revealing a secret to someone'.)

Lastly, be careful with the passive voice. 'Efshā kardan' (to reveal) vs. 'Efshā shodan' (to be revealed). Many students say 'Rāz efshā kard' when they mean 'The secret was revealed'. In Persian, the secret didn't do the revealing; it *was* revealed, so 'Rāz efshā shod' is correct.

To truly master the C1 level, you must distinguish افشا کردن from its synonyms. Each has a slightly different 'flavor' and context. Here is a breakdown of the most common alternatives.

برملا کردن (Barmalā Kardan): This is very close to 'efshā kardan' but often implies that something was revealed *by accident* or through a series of events rather than a deliberate leak. It translates well as 'to come to light' or 'to be outed'. Example: 'Dast-ash barmalā shod' (His hand/trick was exposed).
فاش کردن (Fāsh Kardan): This is the most common word for 'revealing a secret'. It is less formal than 'efshā' and more common in literature and songs. It focuses on the act of the secret becoming 'fāsh' (public/spread). If you tell a secret, you 'fāsh' it.
پرده برداشتن (Parde Bardāshtan): Literally 'to lift the curtain'. This is a beautiful, idiomatic, and highly formal way to say 'to unveil' or 'to reveal'. It is often used for historical mysteries or complex scientific truths. Example: 'Az in rāz parde bardāshte shod' (This secret was unveiled).

افشا کردن vs. لو دادن:
افشا کردن is for the New York Times; لو دادن is for a playground or a group of friends.

Other verbs include 'آشکار کردن' (Āshkār kardan - to make clear/obvious) and 'منعکس کردن' (Mon'akes kardan - to reflect/report). 'Āshkār kardan' is neutral and can be used for things that weren't necessarily hidden by choice (like a symptom of a disease). 'Efshā kardan' always implies a barrier of secrecy that was broken.

او در کتاب جدیدش، جزئیات تازه‌ای از زندگی‌اش را آشکار کرد.
(In his new book, he revealed/made clear new details of his life. Note: 'Efshā' would make it sound like he was hiding something bad.)

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The root 'F-Sh-Y' is also related to the word 'Fosh' in some dialects (meaning spread/vulgar), but in modern Standard Persian, 'Efshā' has attained a very formal and prestigious status, far from its humble roots of 'spreading'.

Guide de prononciation

UK /ef.ʃɒː kær.dæn/

US /ef.ʃɑː kɑːr.dæn/

The primary stress is on the second syllable of the first word 'ef-SHĀ' and the second syllable of the verb 'kar-DÁN'.

Rime avec

Inshā (Composition) Emshā (Signature - though less common) Eshā (Evening prayer) Pāshā (Pasha) Tamāshā (Watching) Hāshā (Denial) Goshā (Opener) Rasā (Clear/Resonant)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'efshā' as 'afshā'. It is definitely an 'e' sound.
Ignoring the long 'ā' at the end of 'efshā'.
Putting too much stress on the first syllable 'EF-shā'.
Merging the two words into one without a slight pause.
Mispronouncing the 'sh' as a 's'.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 4/5

Common in newspapers but requires C1 level vocabulary to understand the surrounding context.

Écriture 5/5

Requires knowledge of compound verb conjugation and formal sentence structure.

Expression orale 4/5

Used in debates or formal discussions; sounds too heavy for casual talk.

Écoute 4/5

Frequently heard on news broadcasts and political podcasts.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

راز (Secret) کردن (To do) گفتن (To say) حقیقت (Truth) خبر (News)

Apprends ensuite

کتمان کردن (To conceal) شفافیت (Transparency) فساد (Corruption) محرمانه (Confidential) رسالت (Mission/Vocation)

Avancé

پردە‌دری افشاگری‌های جنجالی حق دسترسی به اطلاعات اسناد طبقه‌بندی شده صلاحیت قضایی

Grammaire à connaître

Compound Verb Conjugation

Efshā mikonam, Efshā kardam, Efshā khāham kard.

Passive Voice with 'Shodan'

Rāz efshā shod (The secret was revealed).

Subjunctive Mood after 'Bāyad'

Bāyad haqiqat rā efshā konim.

Direct Object Marker 'rā'

Asnād rā efshā kardand.

Gerund formation with '-an'

Efshā kardan-e in mawzu khatarnāk ast.

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Exemples par niveau

او راز من را افشا کرد.

He revealed my secret.

Past tense of 'kardan'.

آیا تو راز را افشا کردی؟

Did you reveal the secret?

Question form.

من هرگز راز تو را افشا نمی‌کنم.

I will never reveal your secret.

Negative present tense.

او می‌خواهد حقیقت را افشا کند.

He wants to reveal the truth.

Infinitive construction with 'khāstan'.

راز در مدرسه افشا شد.

The secret was revealed at school.

Passive voice with 'shodan'.

چرا راز را افشا کردی؟

Why did you reveal the secret?

Interrogative 'cherā'.

او همه چیز را افشا کرد.

He revealed everything.

Use of 'hame chiz'.

ما باید این راز را افشا کنیم.

We must reveal this secret.

Modal 'bāyad' + subjunctive.

پلیس نام دزد را افشا کرد.

The police revealed the thief's name.

Subject-Object-Verb order.

روزنامه خبرهای مهمی را افشا کرد.

The newspaper revealed important news.

Plural object with 'hā'.

او ترسید که رازش افشا شود.

He was afraid that his secret would be revealed.

Subjunctive passive.

ما حقیقت را برای همه افشا خواهیم کرد.

We will reveal the truth to everyone.

Future tense 'khāham kard'.

او از افشا کردن نام دوستش خودداری کرد.

He refused to reveal his friend's name.

Gerund form 'efshā kardan'.

این نامه اسرار زیادی را افشا می‌کند.

This letter reveals many secrets.

Present simple tense.

آن‌ها می‌خواهند فساد را افشا کنند.

They want to expose corruption.

Compound verb in subjunctive.

آیا اطلاعات محرمانه افشا شده است؟

Has the confidential information been revealed?

Present perfect passive.

خبرنگاران در حال افشا کردن حقایق هستند.

Journalists are in the middle of revealing the truths.

Present continuous tense.

او با افشا کردن آن راز، زندگی‌اش را تغییر داد.

By revealing that secret, he changed his life.

Preposition 'bā' + gerund.

هیچ‌کس نباید اطلاعات شخصی دیگران را افشا کند.

No one should disclose others' personal information.

Negative 'hich-kas' with subjunctive.

اسناد فاش شده، نقش دولت را افشا کردند.

The leaked documents revealed the government's role.

Past tense with plural subject.

او تهدید کرد که اگر پول ندهی، حقیقت را افشا می‌کند.

He threatened that if you don't pay, he will reveal the truth.

Conditional sentence.

افشا کردن این موضوع برای او گران تمام شد.

Revealing this matter cost him dearly.

Gerund as a subject.

او قصد دارد هویت واقعی نویسنده را افشا کند.

He intends to reveal the author's real identity.

Verb 'qasd dāshtan'.

آیا این فیلم حقایق تاریخی را افشا می‌کند؟

Does this movie reveal historical truths?

Interrogative present.

افشاگری‌های اخیر، لایه‌های پنهان فساد مالی را افشا کرد.

Recent exposures revealed the hidden layers of financial corruption.

Use of 'efshā-gari' (noun).

دادگاه دستور داد که تمام مدارک مربوطه افشا شوند.

The court ordered that all relevant documents be disclosed.

Subjunctive passive plural.

او از افشا کردن منابع خبری خود در برابر قاضی امتناع ورزید.

He refused to reveal his news sources before the judge.

Formal verb 'emtenā varzidan'.

این گزارش، سوءمدیریت در سازمان را به وضوح افشا می‌کند.

This report clearly exposes the mismanagement in the organization.

Adverbial phrase 'be vozuh'.

او با شهامت تمام، جنایات جنگی را افشا کرد.

With total courage, he exposed the war crimes.

Adverbial phrase 'bā shahāmat-e tamām'.

افشا کردن چنین اطلاعاتی می‌تواند امنیت ملی را به خطر بیندازد.

Revealing such information could endanger national security.

Compound verb 'be khatar andākhtan'.

او متهم است که اسرار تجاری شرکت را برای رقبا افشا کرده است.

He is accused of disclosing the company's trade secrets to competitors.

Present perfect tense.

تا زمانی که شواهد کافی نباشد، چیزی را افشا نخواهیم کرد.

As long as there is not enough evidence, we will not reveal anything.

Conjunction 'tā zamāni ke'.

تحقیقات پاناما، ثروت‌های پنهان رهبران جهان را افشا کرد.

The Panama Papers exposed the hidden wealth of world leaders.

Specific historical reference.

افشا کردن ابعاد جدید این پرونده، نیازمند زمان بیشتری است.

Revealing the new dimensions of this case requires more time.

Complex subject phrase.

نویسنده در این فصل، انگیزه‌های واقعی قهرمان داستان را افشا می‌کند.

In this chapter, the author reveals the protagonist's true motives.

Literary context.

او به جرم افشا کردن اسناد طبقه‌بندی شده به حبس ابد محکوم شد.

He was sentenced to life imprisonment for disclosing classified documents.

Legal terminology 'tabaqe-bandi shode'.

شفافیت در دولت، مستلزم افشا کردن تضاد منافع است.

Transparency in government requires disclosing conflicts of interest.

Academic vocabulary 'mostalzem'.

او با افشا کردن حقایق تلخ، خشم بسیاری از مقامات را برانگیخت.

By revealing bitter truths, he provoked the anger of many officials.

Verb 'bar-angikhtan' (to provoke).

آیا تکنولوژی می‌تواند تمام جنبه‌های خصوصی زندگی ما را افشا کند؟

Can technology reveal all the private aspects of our lives?

Philosophical question.

او مدعی شد که اسناد جعلی برای افشا کردن او ساخته شده‌اند.

He claimed that forged documents were created to expose him.

Passive purpose clause.

این اثر هنری، تناقضات درونی جامعه مدرن را به شکلی نمادین افشا می‌کند.

This artwork symbolically exposes the inner contradictions of modern society.

Abstract academic usage.

افشا کردن ساختارهای قدرت، رسالت اصلی علوم اجتماعی انتقادی است.

Exposing power structures is the primary mission of critical social sciences.

High-level sociological context.

او در اعترافاتش، جزئیاتی را افشا کرد که پیش‌تر هیچ‌کس تصور نمی‌کرد.

In his confessions, he revealed details that no one had previously imagined.

Relative clause with 'pish-tar'.

هر کنش سیاسی، بخشی از حقیقت پنهان را افشا می‌کند.

Every political act reveals a part of the hidden truth.

Philosophical statement.

او از افشا کردن هویت افشاگران (whistleblowers) خودداری نمود.

He refrained from revealing the identity of the whistleblowers.

Formal verb 'khoddāri namudan'.

افشا کردن این راز مگو، پیامدهای جبران‌ناپذیری برای خانواده داشت.

Revealing this unspeakable secret had irreparable consequences for the family.

Adjective 'jobrān-nāpazir'.

نظریه او ابعاد ناشناخته‌ای از فیزیک کوانتوم را افشا می‌کند.

His theory reveals unknown dimensions of quantum physics.

Scientific context.

او با افشا کردن زوایای تاریک تاریخ، به بازخوانی آن کمک کرد.

By exposing the dark corners of history, he helped in its re-reading/re-interpretation.

Metaphorical usage.

Collocations courantes

افشا کردن راز

افشا کردن فساد

افشا کردن هویت

افشا کردن اسناد

افشا کردن حقیقت

افشا کردن جزئیات

افشا کردن نام

افشا کردن توطئه

افشا کردن اطلاعات

افشا کردن ابعاد

Phrases Courantes

افشاگری کردن

— To engage in whistleblowing or systematic exposure of secrets.

او علیه مدیران افشاگری کرد.

دست کسی افشا شدن

— To have one's secret or trick revealed (passive).

دست او برای همه افشا شد.

افشای عمومی

— Public disclosure.

افشای عمومی اسناد الزامی است.

خودداری از افشا

— Refusal to disclose.

خودداری از افشا عواقب قانونی دارد.

افشای حقایق

— The revelation of truths.

افشای حقایق تاریخی دردناک است.

افشای اسرار نظامی

— Disclosure of military secrets.

او به خاطر افشای اسرار نظامی زندانی شد.

افشای فساد اداری

— Exposure of administrative corruption.

گزارش جدیدی درباره افشای فساد اداری منتشر شد.

افشای هویت واقعی

— Revelation of true identity.

افشای هویت واقعی او همه را شوکه کرد.

افشای منبع

— Disclosure of source.

خبرنگار از افشای منبع خود سرباز زد.

افشای اطلاعات محرمانه

— Disclosure of confidential information.

افشای اطلاعات محرمانه ممنوع است.

Souvent confondu avec

افشا کردن vs فاش کردن

Fāsh kardan is more common for personal secrets, while efshā kardan is for formal/public disclosures.

افشا کردن vs لو دادن

Lo dādan is slang for snitching or accidentally giving something away.

افشا کردن vs نشان دادن

Neshān dādan is 'to show' in general, without the connotation of secrecy.

Expressions idiomatiques

"مشت کسی را وا کردن"

— To expose someone's secret or trick; equivalent to 'showing someone's hand'.

من مشت او را در جلسه وا کردم.

Informal

"تشت از بام افتادن"

— When a secret becomes public and causes a scandal; literally 'the basin fell from the roof'.

دیگر فایده‌ای ندارد، تشت از بام افتاده است.

Literary/Proverb

"پرده دری کردن"

— To reveal secrets in a way that is rude or violates privacy/decency.

او با پرده دری، آبروی خانواده را برد.

Formal/Literary

"دم خروس را دیدن"

— To see evidence of a lie or a hidden truth; 'seeing the rooster's tail'.

او قسم می‌خورد، اما دم خروس را می‌بینیم.

Idiomatic

"زیر و رو کردن"

— To turn everything upside down to find and reveal the truth.

پلیس تمام خانه را برای افشای حقیقت زیر و رو کرد.

Informal

"از پرده برون افتادن"

— For a secret to come out into the open.

آخر کار، راز از پرده برون افتاد.

Poetic

"پنبه را از گوش درآوردن"

— To finally reveal something to someone who was ignoring it.

باید پنبه را از گوشش درآوری و حقیقت را افشا کنی.

Informal

"روی دایره ریختن"

— To lay everything out openly; to spill all the secrets.

او همه چیز را روی دایره ریخت.

Informal

"بند را آب دادن"

— To accidentally reveal a secret; to let the cat out of the bag.

مواظب باش بند را آب ندهی!

Informal

"آفتابی کردن"

— To bring something into the light; to reveal.

او بالاخره نقشه‌اش را آفتابی کرد.

Informal

Facile à confondre

افشا کردن vs اعلام کردن

Both involve giving information.

A'lām kardan is 'to announce' (public info), while efshā kardan is 'to reveal' (secret info).

دولت عید را اعلام کرد (Announced). او فساد را افشا کرد (Revealed).

افشا کردن vs بیان کردن

Both involve speaking.

Bayān kardan is 'to express' or 'to state' ideas/feelings.

او نظراتش را بیان کرد.

افشا کردن vs منتشر کردن

Both involve making info public.

Montasher kardan is the act of publishing (a book, a video), not necessarily a secret.

او کتابش را منتشر کرد.

افشا کردن vs اعتراف کردن

Both involve telling something hidden.

E'terāf kardan is 'to confess' one's *own* secrets/crimes.

او به جرمش اعتراف کرد.

افشا کردن vs کشف کردن

Both involve finding out new things.

Kashf kardan is 'to discover' (like an island or a law of physics).

نیوتن جاذبه را کشف کرد.

Structures de phrases

[Subject] [Secret] rā efshā kard.

Ali rāz rā efshā kard.

[Subject] mikhāhad [Object] rā efshā konad.

Sārā mikhāhad haqiqat rā efshā konad.

Dar hāl-e efshā kardan-e [Object] budan.

آن‌ها در حال افشا کردن اسناد بودند.

[Subject] be jorm-e efshā-ye [Object] [Verb].

او به جرم افشای اسرار بازداشت شد.

Efshā-ye [Object] mostalzem-e [Action] ast.

افشای فساد مستلزم شجاعت است.

Az [Object] parde bardāshtan va efshā kardan.

او از ابعاد پنهان پرونده پرده برداشت و آن را افشا کرد.

Harche [Subject] bishtar [Verb], [Object] bishtar efshā mishavad.

هرچه بیشتر تحقیق کنیم، حقایق بیشتری افشا می‌شود.

Efshā-ye nagoftani-hā dar [Context].

افشای نانوشته‌ها در تاریخ معاصر.

Famille de mots

Noms

افشا (Efshā) - Revelation/Disclosure

افشاگری (Efshā-gari) - Whistleblowing/Exposure

افشاگر (Efshā-gar) - Whistleblower/Exposer

Verbes

افشا کردن (Efshā kardan) - To reveal (Active)

افشا شدن (Efshā shodan) - To be revealed (Passive)

Adjectifs

افشا شده (Efshā shode) - Revealed/Leaked

افشاگرانه (Efshā-garāne) - Revelatory/Exposing (e.g., an exposing report)

Apparenté

فاش (Fāsh) - Public/Revealed

آشکار (Āshkār) - Obvious

محرمانه (Mahramāne) - Confidential

سری (Serri) - Secret

شفافیت (Shafāfiyat) - Transparency

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

High in news and academic texts; low in daily casual speech.

Erreurs courantes

Using 'efshā kardan' for 'showing' a gift. → Neshān dādan
'Efshā kardan' implies uncovering a secret that was meant to stay hidden, usually something serious.
Saying 'Man efshā-idam'. → Man efshā kardam
It's a compound verb; you must use the auxiliary 'kardan'. You cannot conjugate the noun part.
Using 'be' instead of 'rā'. → Rāz rā efshā kard
In most contexts, the thing being revealed is a direct object and needs the 'rā' marker.
Confusing 'efshā kardan' with 'e'terāf kardan'. → E'terāf kardan (for your own secrets)
You 'efshā' someone else's secrets or a general truth, but you 'e'terāf' (confess) your own mistakes.
Using the active 'kardan' when the passive 'shodan' is needed. → Rāz efshā shod
If the secret is the subject of the sentence, it 'was revealed' (passive).

Astuces

Journalistic Style

When writing news summaries in Persian, use 'efshā kardan' to describe the uncovering of corruption. It makes your writing sound professional and authoritative.

The 'rā' Marker

Always remember the 'rā' after the secret you are revealing. 'Man rāz-rā efshā kardam' is the correct structure for specific secrets.

Synonym Nuance

Use 'lo dādan' with friends and 'efshā kardan' in your Persian class or at work. Mixing these up can make you sound either too stiff or too casual.

Social Media

On Persian Twitter, you will see 'efshā-gari' used as a hashtag for social call-outs. Understanding this word helps you follow modern Iranian digital culture.

Breath Control

The 'sh' in 'efshā' should be soft. Avoid making it sound like a hard 'ch'. Practice saying 'ef-shā' slowly to get the vowel length right.

Compound Verbs

Remember that only 'kardan' changes. 'Efshā' stays the same regardless of whether you are talking about 'I', 'You', or 'They'.

News Keywords

Listen for 'asrār' (secrets) or 'asnād' (documents) right before or after you hear 'efshā'. They are the most common partners for this verb.

Non-Disclosure

If you are in business, learn 'Adam-e efshā' (Non-disclosure). It's a vital term for contracts.

The 'F' Root

Associate the 'F' in Efshā with 'Fāsh'. Both relate to things becoming public or known.

Avoiding Offense

Be careful not to 'efshā' someone's personal matters in a group, as Persian culture highly values 'setr-e awrat' (covering faults/privacy).

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Efshā' as 'F-SHA'. The 'F' stands for 'Fact' and 'SHA' sounds like 'Show'. So, 'Efshā' is 'Showing the Facts' that were hidden.

Association visuelle

Imagine a heavy black curtain being pulled back to reveal a glowing light. The act of pulling the curtain is 'efshā kardan'.

Word Web

Secret (Rāz) Truth (Haqiqat) Journalist (Ruznāme-negār) Corruption (Fasād) Document (Sanad) Disclosure (Efshā) Public (Omumi) Leaking (Lo dādan)

Défi

Try to find three news headlines today from a Persian news site that use the word 'افشا' or 'افشاگری'. Write them down and translate them.

Origine du mot

The word 'Efshā' comes from the Arabic root 'F-Sh-Y' (فشي), which means to spread, circulate, or become known. It entered Persian through the extensive influence of Arabic vocabulary after the Islamic conquest.

Sens originel : To spread information or a secret widely.

Semitic (root) + Indo-European (auxiliary verb).

Contexte culturel

Be careful when using this word about individuals' private lives, as it can imply a malicious intent to ruin their reputation.

In English, we might use 'expose', 'reveal', or 'disclose'. 'Efshā kardan' covers all three but is most similar to 'disclose' in legal settings and 'expose' in journalistic ones.

The 'Panama Papers' are always referred to as 'Asnād-e Panama' which were 'efshā'ed. Whistleblowers like Edward Snowden are called 'Efshā-gar' in Persian media. Classical poets like Hafez often talk about the 'Rāz-e fāsh' (the revealed secret) of love.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Investigative Journalism

افشای فساد مالی
گزارش افشاگرانه
منابع آگاه
اسناد لو رفته

Legal/Court

افشای هویت متهم
ارائه مدارک
کتمان حقیقت
سوگند یاد کردن

Politics

افشای توطئه
شفاف‌سازی
افکار عمومی
تبلیغات انتخاباتی

Cyber Security

افشای اطلاعات شخصی
هک شدن
امنیت داده‌ها
حفظ حریم خصوصی

History/Science

افشای حقایق تاریخی
کشف جدید
ابعاد ناشناخته
بازخوانی پرونده

Amorces de conversation

"آیا فکر می‌کنی رسانه‌ها باید تمام اسرار دولت را افشا کنند؟"

"آخرین باری که یک خبر افشاگرانه شنیدی چه زمانی بود؟"

"اگر رازی را بدانی که به نفع مردم است، آن را افشا می‌کنی؟"

"آیا افشا کردن زندگی خصوصی سلبریتی‌ها اخلاقی است؟"

"تفاوت بین 'لو دادن' و 'افشا کردن' در فرهنگ شما چیست؟"

Sujets d'écriture

درباره زمانی بنویسید که حقیقتی برای شما افشا شد و دیدگاهتان را تغییر داد.

آیا افشاگری (whistleblowing) در محیط کار یک وظیفه اخلاقی است؟ چرا؟

نقش اینترنت در افشا کردن فساد در جوامع مدرن را تحلیل کنید.

اگر می‌توانستید یک راز بزرگ تاریخی را افشا کنید، آن چه بود؟

در مورد اهمیت 'توافق‌نامه عدم افشا' (NDA) در دنیای تجارت بنویسید.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Not necessarily, but it usually is. It implies a secret was being kept, and often people keep secrets because they are scandalous or negative. However, you can 'efshā' a positive surprise or a scientific truth that was simply unknown.

Yes, you can say 'فیلم افشا شد' or 'لو رفت'. In a professional context, 'efshā' works well for leaked documents or intellectual property.

They are very similar. 'Efshā' is more formal and Arabic-rooted. 'Fāsh' is slightly more common in literature and for personal secrets. In modern news, 'efshā' is the dominant term.

The most common term is 'Efshā-gar' (افشاگر). Recently, the literal translation 'sut-zan' (whistle-blower) is also being used in media, but 'efshā-gar' remains more standard.

Only if you want to sound very dramatic. If you are 'revealing' your love, 'fāsh kardan' or 'e'trāf kardan' (confessing) is much better.

It is always 'efshā kardan'. 'Efshā dādan' is grammatically incorrect in Persian.

It means 'disclosure of information'. It's a common term in IT and legal contracts.

If the photo was a secret or scandalous, yes. If it's just a vacation photo, use 'neshān dādan'.

You use the passive: 'Rāz efshā shod' (راز افشا شد).

'Efshā' is a noun. When you add 'kardan', it becomes a compound verb.

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