دعوا کردن en 30 secondes
- To argue or have a verbal fight.
- Commonly used for disagreements between people.
- Often involves emotions like anger or frustration.
- Can be used in various tenses and contexts.
Core Meaning
The Persian verb 'دعوا کردن' (davā kardan) literally translates to 'to make a fight' or 'to do a fight'. It is a versatile verb used to describe situations where people engage in a verbal dispute, argument, or quarrel. This can range from a mild disagreement to a heated exchange of words. It implies a conflict of opinions or emotions expressed through speech, and it can occur between two or more individuals.
Contexts of Use
People use 'دعوا کردن' in various everyday scenarios. For instance, friends might 'دعوا کردن' over a trivial matter, like who gets the last piece of pizza. Siblings frequently 'دعوا کردن' about toys or personal space. Couples might 'دعوا کردن' about household chores or financial decisions. In a more public setting, strangers could 'دعوا کردن' in a queue if one person cuts in line. The intensity of the 'دعوا کردن' can vary greatly. It can be a light-hearted banter among friends or a serious, emotionally charged conflict. The context usually clarifies the severity of the argument. It's important to note that 'دعوا کردن' primarily refers to verbal altercations, though it can sometimes escalate to physical confrontation, but the verb itself focuses on the vocal aspect of the dispute.
Nuances and Connotations
The verb carries a connotation of discord and disagreement. It's not a neutral term; it suggests a negative interaction where emotions are running high. When someone says they had a 'دعوا', it implies that there was tension, anger, or frustration involved. It’s a common verb that reflects the reality of interpersonal conflicts that arise in human relationships. Understanding 'دعوا کردن' is crucial for grasping everyday Persian conversations, as arguments and disagreements are universal human experiences. It helps learners identify and interpret moments of conflict in dialogues and media.
Sometimes, even the best of friends might دعوا کردن over small things.
Children often دعوا کردن with each other about toys.
I heard them دعوا کردن in the next room.
Grammatical Structure
'دعوا کردن' is a compound verb, formed by the noun 'دعوا' (davā - fight, quarrel, dispute) and the verb 'کردن' (kardan - to do, to make). This structure is very common in Persian, where many abstract nouns are combined with 'کردن' to form verbs. This means that 'دعوا کردن' can be conjugated like any other Persian verb. For example, in the past tense, it becomes 'دعوا کرد' (davā kard - he/she/it fought/argued), and in the present tense, it becomes 'دعوا میکند' (davā mikonad - he/she/it fights/argues). The 'می' (mi-) prefix indicates the present tense, and the conjugation follows the standard patterns for verbs ending in '-کردن'. This grammatical flexibility allows for easy integration into various sentence structures and tenses, making it a fundamental verb for expressing conflict.
Basic Sentence Structure
The most straightforward way to use 'دعوا کردن' is with a subject performing the action. The basic structure is 'Subject + دعوا کردن'. For example, 'من دعوا کردم' (man davā kardam) means 'I fought/argued'. When specifying who is involved in the argument, you can use prepositions like 'با' (bā - with). So, 'من با او دعوا کردم' (man bā u davā kardam) translates to 'I argued with him/her'. The object of the argument, if it's a specific reason, can be introduced with phrases like 'سرِ' (sar-e - over/about). For instance, 'آنها سرِ پول دعوا کردند' (ānhā sar-e pul davā kardand) means 'They argued over money'. Understanding these basic patterns allows for the construction of simple yet informative sentences.
Present Tense Usage
In the present tense, 'دعوا کردن' becomes 'دعوا میکند' (davā mikonad) for the third person singular. To say 'they are arguing', you would use 'آنها دعوا میکنند' (ānhā davā mikonand). This tense is used for ongoing arguments or habitual arguments. For example, 'خواهر و برادرها همیشه سرِ بازی دعوا میکنند' (khāhar va barādar-hā hamishe sar-e bāzi davā mikonand) means 'The siblings always argue over games'. The present continuous form is essential for describing a scene where an argument is happening right now. 'چرا شما دو نفر دارید دعوا میکنید؟' (cherā shomā do nafarr dārid davā mikonid?) - 'Why are you two arguing?'.
Past Tense Usage
The past tense is formed by conjugating 'دعوا کرد' (davā kard). 'او دعوا کرد' (u davā kard) means 'he/she argued'. To express that an argument happened between specific people, you use 'با'. For example, 'من با همسایهام دعوا کردم' (man bā hamsāye-am davā kardam) means 'I argued with my neighbor'. If you want to specify the topic of the argument in the past, you use 'سرِ'. 'آنها سرِ موضوعی قدیمی دعوا کردند' (ānhā sar-e mowzu'-i qadimi davā kardand) - 'They argued over an old issue'. This is critical for recounting past events involving disputes.
Future Tense Usage
The future tense is typically formed using 'خواهم' (khāham - I will), 'خواهی' (khāhi - you will), etc., followed by the past stem of the verb. So, 'دعوا خواهم کرد' (davā khāham kard) means 'I will argue'. 'آنها دعوا خواهند کرد' (ānhā davā khāhand kard) means 'They will argue'. This tense is used to predict or express an intention to argue. For example, 'اگر اینطور ادامه دهی، با تو دعوا خواهم کرد' (agar in tor edāme dehi, bā to davā khāham kard) - 'If you continue like this, I will argue with you'.
My brother and I used to دعوا کردن a lot when we were kids.
They are دعوا کردن about who should pay the bill.
I don't want to دعوا کردن with you.
Using 'سرِ' for the Topic
The prepositional phrase 'سرِ' (sar-e) is very commonly used with 'دعوا کردن' to indicate the subject or cause of the argument. It literally means 'on the head of' but functions like 'over' or 'about' in this context. For example, 'آنها سرِ جای پارک دعوا کردند' (ānhā sar-e jā-ye pārk davā kardand) - 'They argued over a parking spot'. 'بچهها سرِ اسباببازی دعوا میکنند' (bachche-hā sar-e asbāb-bāzi davā mikonand) - 'The children are arguing over a toy'. This construction is vital for providing specifics about the conflict.
Negative Sentences
To negate 'دعوا کردن', you typically use the negative prefix 'نـ' (na-) before the present tense verb stem or 'نـ' (na-) before the past tense verb. For the present tense, it becomes 'دعوا نمیکند' (davā nemikonad) - 'he/she does not argue'. For the past tense, it becomes 'دعوا نکرد' (davā nakard) - 'he/she did not argue'. For example, 'من با او دعوا نکردم' (man bā u davā nakardam) - 'I did not argue with him/her'. 'آنها نباید دعوا کنند' (ānhā nabāyad davā konand) - 'They should not argue' (using 'نباید' - nabāyad, meaning 'should not').
Everyday Conversations
You will hear 'دعوا کردن' very frequently in casual, everyday Persian conversations. It's a common topic when people are recounting their day, discussing family matters, or even gossiping. For instance, someone might say, 'دیروز با دوستم سرِ یه موضوع کوچیک دعوا کردم' (diruz bā dustam sar-e ye mowzu'-e kuchik davā kardam) - 'Yesterday, I argued with my friend over a small issue.' You'll hear it among friends discussing disagreements, between family members, or when people are complaining about conflicts they've experienced. It's a staple verb for describing interpersonal friction.
Media and Entertainment
In Iranian television shows, movies, and radio dramas, 'دعوا کردن' is used extensively to depict conflict and add drama to storylines. Characters will often 'دعوا کردن' with each other to show tension, disagreement, or emotional distress. You might hear dialogue like, 'چرا با هم دعوا میکنید؟' (cherā bā ham davā mikonid?) - 'Why are you arguing with each other?' or 'اونا توی مهمونی دعوا کردن' (unā tu-ye mehmani davā kardand) - 'They argued at the party'. News reports might also use it when discussing public disputes or political disagreements, though more formal terms might be preferred in official news contexts.
Family and Social Gatherings
Family gatherings, especially those involving extended family or different generations, can be fertile ground for hearing 'دعوا کردن'. Siblings might argue, parents might have a disagreement, or even cousins might get into a verbal spat. Social gatherings like parties or informal meetups also provide contexts where arguments can arise. Someone might recount a past argument: 'یادته پارسال سرِ چی دعوا کردیم؟' (yādete pārsāl sar-e chi davā kardim?) - 'Do you remember what we argued about last year?'.
Workplace and Public Spaces
While perhaps less common in very formal professional settings, arguments can still occur. If colleagues have a disagreement over a project, they might 'دعوا کردن'. In public spaces like markets, queues, or on public transport, minor disputes can erupt, and 'دعوا کردن' would be the appropriate term to describe it. For example, 'دو نفر سرِ جا توی صف دعوا میکردند' (do nafar sar-e jā tu-ye saf davā mikardand) - 'Two people were arguing over a spot in the queue'.
The parents were heard دعوا کردن about the children's behavior.
In the movie, the main characters had to دعوا کردن to resolve their differences.
Don't let the small things cause you to دعوا کردن.
Confusing with Physical Fighting
A common mistake for learners is to assume 'دعوا کردن' exclusively means physical fighting. While it can sometimes lead to or be associated with physical altercations, its primary meaning is verbal. If you want to emphasize a physical fight, you might use terms like 'زد و خورد کردن' (zad o khord kardan - to engage in blows) or 'کتک زدن' (kotak zadan - to beat up). Using 'دعوا کردن' for a purely physical fight without any verbal component might sound slightly off or incomplete. For example, saying 'آنها دعوا کردند' could mean they argued, or it could imply they physically fought, but the emphasis is usually on the verbal aspect unless context strongly suggests otherwise.
Incorrect Tense Usage
Like with any verb, incorrect tense usage is a frequent error. Learners might use the present tense when they mean the past, or vice versa. For instance, saying 'من دیروز دعوا میکنم' (man diruz davā mikonam) - 'I argue yesterday' - is grammatically incorrect. The correct past tense would be 'من دیروز دعوا کردم' (man diruz davā kardam). Similarly, using the past tense for an ongoing action, like 'آنها الآن دعوا کردند' (ānhā al'ān davā kardand) - 'They argued now', is wrong. It should be 'آنها الآن دعوا میکنند' (ānhā al'ān davā mikonand) - 'They are arguing now'. Mastering the conjugation of 'دعوا کردن' in different tenses is crucial.
Misuse of Prepositions and 'سرِ'
Another common pitfall is the incorrect use of prepositions, particularly when specifying the reason for the argument. While 'سرِ' (sar-e) is the most common and natural way to say 'over' or 'about' a topic, learners might try to use other prepositions that don't fit. For example, using 'در' (dar - in) or 'برای' (barā-ye - for) in place of 'سرِ' would be incorrect. 'آنها در پول دعوا کردند' (ānhā dar pul davā kardand) is not idiomatic. The correct phrasing is 'آنها سرِ پول دعوا کردند' (ānhā sar-e pul davā kardand). Paying close attention to the idiomatic usage of 'سرِ' is key.
Overuse or Underuse
Some learners might overuse 'دعوا کردن' for any minor disagreement, potentially sounding overly aggressive or dramatic. Conversely, others might underuse it, failing to describe conflicts accurately when they hear or want to express them. It's important to understand that 'دعوا کردن' implies a genuine argument or quarrel, not just a polite difference of opinion. For milder disagreements, terms like 'اختلاف نظر داشتن' (ekhtelāf-e nazar dāshtan - to have a difference of opinion) might be more appropriate. Striking the right balance in usage depends on context and the intensity of the disagreement.
Incorrect: They دعوا کردن physically. Correct: They had a physical fight (using a different phrase).
Incorrect: I argue yesterday. Correct: I argued yesterday (using past tense).
Incorrect: They argued in money. Correct: They argued over money (using 'سرِ').
جدل کردن (Jadal kardan)
'جدل کردن' also means to argue or debate, but it often implies a more intellectual or formal exchange of differing viewpoints, sometimes with the aim of persuasion or logical discussion. While 'دعوا کردن' can be emotional and heated, 'جدل کردن' can be more about intellectual sparring. Think of a debate in a classroom or a philosophical discussion. However, in some contexts, 'جدل کردن' can also be used for heated arguments, blurring the lines with 'دعوا کردن'.
- Example Comparison
- دعوا کردن: آنها سرِ موضوع بیاهمیت دعوا کردند. (They argued over an unimportant matter.) - Implies emotional conflict.
جدل کردن: استاد با دانشجو سرِ تئوری جدیدی جدل کرد. (The professor debated with the student over a new theory.) - Implies intellectual discussion.
بحث کردن (Bahs kardan)
'بحث کردن' is a more general term for 'to discuss' or 'to talk about'. It can range from a neutral discussion to a heated argument. If the context is neutral, it's simply discussing a topic. However, if the tone is tense or there's disagreement, 'بحث کردن' can function very similarly to 'دعوا کردن', especially if it's a prolonged or contentious discussion. It's less inherently negative than 'دعوا کردن'.
- Example Comparison
- دعوا کردن: او با رئیسش دعوا کرد. (He argued with his boss.) - Implies a significant conflict.
بحث کردن: آنها در مورد پروژه با هم بحث کردند. (They discussed the project with each other.) - Could be neutral or slightly contentious.
جر و بحث کردن (Jer o bahs kardan)
This is a common idiomatic phrase that means to argue, to bicker, or to have a dispute. It's very close in meaning to 'دعوا کردن' and is often used interchangeably in informal contexts. It emphasizes the back-and-forth nature of an argument. It suggests a more persistent or perhaps petty argument than a single instance of 'دعوا کردن'.
- Example Comparison
- دعوا کردن: دو همسایه دعوا کردند. (Two neighbors argued.)
جر و بحث کردن: آنها مدام سرِ مسائل کوچک جر و بحث میکنند. (They constantly bicker over small matters.) - Implies ongoing, possibly petty arguments.
اختلاف نظر داشتن (Ekhtelāf-e nazar dāshtan)
This phrase literally means 'to have a difference of opinion'. It's a much milder alternative to 'دعوا کردن' and describes a situation where people disagree but without the emotional intensity or conflict implied by 'دعوا کردن'. It's used for polite disagreements or when acknowledging that people see things differently.
- Example Comparison
- دعوا کردن: آنها سرِ سیاست دعوا کردند. (They argued over politics.) - Implies a heated conflict.
اختلاف نظر داشتن: من با او در مورد بهترین راه حل اختلاف نظر دارم. (I have a difference of opinion with him/her regarding the best solution.) - Implies a polite disagreement.
نزاع کردن (Nezā kardan)
'نزاع کردن' is a more formal term that can refer to a dispute, quarrel, or conflict, and it can sometimes imply a more serious or even physical confrontation than 'دعوا کردن'. It's often used in legal or more formal reporting contexts. While 'دعوا کردن' is everyday language for arguments, 'نزاع کردن' suggests a more significant or potentially confrontational dispute.
- Example Comparison
- دعوا کردن: بچهها سرِ اسباببازی دعوا کردند. (The children argued over a toy.) - Casual.
نزاع کردن: گزارشها حاکی از آن است که دو گروه در خیابان نزاع کردند. (Reports indicate that two groups engaged in a dispute/fight on the street.) - More formal, potentially serious.
How Formal Is It?
Le savais-tu ?
The Arabic root 'د ع و' (d-ʿ-w) relates to calling or inviting. In the context of law, it meant calling someone to court or making a claim against them. This sense of 'calling out' or 'making a claim' against someone naturally extended to the idea of verbal confrontation in Persian.
Guide de prononciation
- Pronouncing 'ع' (ayn) as a simple vowel sound instead of the guttural stop.
- Incorrectly stressing the syllables, for example, stressing the first syllable of 'دعوا'.
- Mispronouncing the 'خ' (kh) sound in 'کردن' as a simple 'k'.
Niveau de difficulté
CEFR A2. The verb 'دعوا کردن' is common and its meaning is usually clear from context. Understanding the nuances of 'سرِ' and different tenses is key for comprehension.
CEFR A2. Learners can start using 'دعوا کردن' in simple sentences describing arguments. Mastering conjugation and common structures is important for accurate writing.
CEFR A2. Pronunciation and basic conjugation are manageable. Using it spontaneously in conversations requires practice.
CEFR A2. The word is frequently heard in everyday contexts, making it relatively easy to identify and understand its meaning, especially with contextual clues.
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Grammaire à connaître
Past Tense Conjugation of Compound Verbs ending in -kardan
The past tense of 'دعوا کردن' is formed by conjugating the past stem 'دعوا کرد' (davā kard). For example: من دعوا کردم (I argued), تو دعوا کردی (you argued), او دعوا کرد (he/she argued), ما دعوا کردیم (we argued), شما دعوا کردید (you plural argued), آنها دعوا کردند (they argued).
Present Tense Formation with 'می-' prefix
The present tense of 'دعوا کردن' is formed by adding the 'می-' (mi-) prefix to the present stem: من دعوا میکنم (I argue), تو دعوا میکنی (you argue), او دعوا میکند (he/she argues), ما دعوا میکنیم (we argue), شما دعوا میکنید (you plural argue), آنها دعوا میکنند (they argue).
Using 'سرِ' (sar-e) to indicate the topic of an argument
'سرِ' is a prepositional phrase commonly used with 'دعوا کردن' to specify what the argument is about. Example: آنها سرِ پول دعوا کردند (They argued over money).
Negating Verbs
To negate 'دعوا کردن' in the past tense, use 'نـ' (na-) before the past stem: دعوا نکردم (I did not argue). In the present tense, use 'نـ' (na-) before the 'می-' prefix: دعوا نمیکنم (I do not argue).
Using Modal Verbs with Compound Verbs
Modal verbs like 'باید' (must), 'نباید' (must not), 'میتوانست' (could), etc., are followed by the infinitive form of the compound verb. Example: شما نباید دعوا کنید (You must not argue).
Exemples par niveau
من دعوا کردم.
I argued.
Simple past tense of 'دعوا کردن'.
آنها دعوا میکنند.
They are arguing.
Present tense of 'دعوا کردن'.
او با دوستش دعوا کرد.
He/She argued with his/her friend.
Using 'با' (with) to specify the other person.
بچهها سرِ اسباببازی دعوا میکنند.
The children are arguing over a toy.
Using 'سرِ' (over) to specify the topic.
ما دعوا نکردیم.
We did not argue.
Negative past tense.
آیا شما دعوا کردید؟
Did you argue?
Interrogative past tense.
آنها دعوا نخواهند کرد.
They will not argue.
Negative future tense.
من نمیخواهم دعوا کنم.
I do not want to argue.
Using 'نمیخواهم' (I don't want) with the infinitive.
پدرم همیشه با مادرم سرِ پول دعوا میکند.
My father always argues with my mother over money.
Present tense, common family argument scenario.
آنها سرِ جای پارک دعوا کردند.
They argued over a parking spot.
Past tense, specific common situation.
چرا اینقدر با هم دعوا میکنید؟
Why are you arguing so much with each other?
Present tense, interrogative, emphasizing intensity.
ما بحث کردیم، نه دعوا.
We discussed, not argued.
Distinguishing between 'بحث کردن' and 'دعوا کردن'.
خواهر کوچکترم همیشه سرِ اسباببازیهایش دعوا میکند.
My younger sister always argues over her toys.
Present tense, common sibling behavior.
آنها قرار بود دوست باشند، ولی دعوا کردند.
They were supposed to be friends, but they argued.
Past tense, contrasting expectation with reality.
اگر اینطور ادامه دهی، با تو دعوا خواهم کرد.
If you continue like this, I will argue with you.
Future tense, conditional statement.
هیچوقت با همسایهها دعوا نکن.
Never argue with the neighbors.
Imperative negative, advice.
آنها سرِ موضوعی قدیمی که فراموش شده بود، دوباره دعوا کردند.
They argued again over an old issue that had been forgotten.
Past tense, complex topic for argument.
مردم در مورد سیاست در شبکههای اجتماعی زیاد دعوا میکنند.
People argue a lot about politics on social media.
Present tense, common modern context.
اگر بخواهی با او دعوا کنی، باید آماده باشی.
If you want to argue with him/her, you must be prepared.
Conditional, using 'بخوای' (if you want) and 'دعوا کنی' (to argue - subjunctive).
این دعوا بین دو شرکت بزرگ بود و رسانهها به آن پرداختند.
This argument was between two large companies and the media covered it.
Past tense, describing a significant public argument.
گاهی اوقات، دعوا کردن بهترین راه برای حل مشکلات نیست.
Sometimes, arguing is not the best way to solve problems.
General statement, using 'دعوا کردن' as a noun phrase.
آنها سعی کردند دعوا را پایان دهند و با هم صحبت کنند.
They tried to end the argument and talk to each other.
Using 'دعوا' as a noun, and 'پایان دادن' (to end).
من از دعوا کردن بیزارم، اما گاهی مجبور میشوم.
I hate arguing, but sometimes I am forced to.
Using 'دعوا کردن' as a gerund/infinitive, expressing personal feeling.
آنها برای ساعتها سرِ یک موضوع جزئی دعوا کردند.
They argued for hours over a minor issue.
Past tense, emphasizing duration and triviality.
شکاف بین نسلها اغلب در نحوه تفسیر وقایع تاریخی خود را نشان میدهد، جایی که گاهی اعضای خانواده سرِ همین مسائل دعوا میکنند.
The gap between generations often manifests in how historical events are interpreted, where family members sometimes argue over these very issues.
Complex sentence structure, linking generational differences to arguments.
آنچه در ابتدا یک بحث دوستانه به نظر میرسید، به سرعت به یک دعوای تمام عیار تبدیل شد.
What initially seemed like a friendly discussion quickly turned into a full-blown argument.
Describing the escalation of a dispute.
او تلاش کرد تا از دعوای سیاسی که در حال شکلگیری بود، دوری کند.
He tried to avoid the political argument that was brewing.
Using 'دعوا' as a noun, indicating avoidance.
این نوع دعواها معمولاً نشاندهنده مشکلات عمیقتری در روابط است.
These types of arguments usually indicate deeper problems in relationships.
Analyzing the underlying causes of arguments.
بدون شک، بحثهای بیپایان در مورد موضوعات مختلف باعث شده که آنها دیگر نتوانند با هم دعوا کنند؛ ارتباطشان کاملاً قطع شده است.
Undoubtedly, endless discussions on various topics have led to them no longer being able to argue with each other; their communication has completely broken down.
Paradoxical situation: too many arguments lead to no communication.
کارشناسان معتقدند که یادگیری نحوه مدیریت تعارض، به جای اجتناب از آن، میتواند به کاهش دفعات دعوا کردن کمک کند.
Experts believe that learning how to manage conflict, rather than avoiding it, can help reduce the frequency of arguments.
Discussing conflict resolution strategies.
دعوا کردن با افراد بیمنطق، مانند جنگیدن با باد است؛ هیچ نتیجهای ندارد.
Arguing with irrational people is like fighting the wind; it yields no result.
Metaphorical comparison for futility.
آنها با وجود اینکه بارها دعوا کرده بودند، هنوز هم به هم علاقه داشتند.
Despite having argued many times, they still cared for each other.
Past perfect tense, showing resilience in a relationship.
فرهنگ ایرانی به طور سنتی بر اهمیت حفظ هارمونی خانوادگی تأکید دارد، اما این به معنای عدم وجود دعوا یا اختلاف نظر نیست، بلکه نحوه مدیریت آن متفاوت است.
Iranian culture traditionally emphasizes the importance of maintaining family harmony, but this does not mean the absence of arguments or differences of opinion; rather, the way they are managed differs.
Discussing cultural nuances of conflict.
در فضای مجازی، مرز بین بحث سازنده و دعوای بیهوده به طرز خطرناکی باریک شده است.
In cyberspace, the line between constructive discussion and pointless argument has become dangerously thin.
Analyzing the nature of online discourse.
تلاش برای تحمیل دیدگاه خود به دیگران، بدون توجه به منطق یا احساسات آنها، اغلب منجر به دعواهای بیپایان و بینتیجه میشود.
The attempt to impose one's own viewpoint on others, without regard for their logic or emotions, often leads to endless and fruitless arguments.
Critiquing communication styles that cause conflict.
گاهی اوقات، سکوت بهترین پاسخ به کسی است که قصد دعوا دارد، نه برای نشان دادن ضعف، بلکه برای حفظ انرژی و جلوگیری از تشدید تنش.
Sometimes, silence is the best response to someone who intends to argue, not to show weakness, but to conserve energy and prevent escalation of tension.
Philosophical approach to conflict avoidance.
تاریخ روابط بینالملل مملو از نمونههایی است که چگونه سوءتفاهمهای کوچک، به دلیل عدم گفتگو و تمایل به دعوا کردن، به بحرانهای بزرگ تبدیل شدهاند.
The history of international relations is replete with examples of how small misunderstandings, due to a lack of dialogue and a tendency to argue, have escalated into major crises.
Historical analysis of conflict stemming from arguments.
او با وجود سالها تجربه در مذاکرات، هنوز هم از دعواهای لفظی پرهیز میکند و ترجیح میدهد راهحلهای مبتنی بر اجماع بیابد.
Despite years of negotiation experience, he still avoids verbal arguments and prefers to find consensus-based solutions.
Highlighting sophisticated conflict management skills.
دعوا کردن بر سرِ تعصبات کورکورانه، مانند تلاش برای روشن کردن ذهنی است که عمداً در تاریکی مانده است.
Arguing over blind prejudices is like trying to illuminate a mind that has deliberately remained in darkness.
Metaphorical comparison for the futility of arguing with the prejudiced.
درک ریشههای فرهنگی و روانی که افراد را به سمت دعوا کردن سوق میدهد، اولین گام برای ایجاد ارتباط مؤثرتر است.
Understanding the cultural and psychological roots that drive individuals towards arguing is the first step towards establishing more effective communication.
Psychological and cultural analysis of conflict.
فقدان بستر مناسب برای ابراز عقاید متفاوت، اغلب به جای گفتمان سازنده، به تشدید تنشها و دعواهای بیحاصل منجر میشود، که این خود نشاندهنده ناکارآمدی نظامهای ارتباطی است.
The lack of a suitable platform for expressing differing opinions often leads to intensified tensions and fruitless arguments, instead of constructive discourse, which itself indicates the inefficiency of communication systems.
Critique of societal communication structures.
هنر دیپلماسی در آن است که چگونه با ظرافت از تبدیل یک اختلاف نظر بالقوه به دعوایی علنی اجتناب کند، در حالی که منافع طرفین را نیز مد نظر قرار دهد.
The art of diplomacy lies in how to subtly avoid turning a potential disagreement into a public argument, while also considering the interests of all parties.
Sophisticated analysis of diplomatic strategy.
نظریههای روانکاوانه معتقدند که برخی افراد، ناخودآگاه، از دعوا کردن به عنوان مکانیسمی برای جلب توجه یا ابراز احساسات سرکوبشده بهره میبرند.
Psychoanalytic theories suggest that some individuals unconsciously utilize arguing as a mechanism to gain attention or express suppressed emotions.
Psychoanalytic interpretation of argumentative behavior.
در دوران پرآشوب امروز، تمایز قائل شدن میان انتقاد سازنده و دعوای تخریبی، که اغلب با هدف تفرقه افکنی صورت میگیرد، امری حیاتی است.
In today's turbulent times, distinguishing between constructive criticism and destructive argument, which is often aimed at sowing discord, is vital.
Analyzing contemporary social dynamics and conflict.
آنچه در ظاهر یک دعوای خانوادگی ساده به نظر میرسد، میتواند ریشه در الگوهای تاریخی و سیستمی داشته باشد که نسل به نسل منتقل شدهاند.
What appears on the surface as a simple family argument can be rooted in historical and systemic patterns passed down through generations.
Intergenerational and systemic analysis of conflict.
فرهنگهای مختلف، پروتکلهای متفاوتی برای مدیریت تعارض دارند؛ در برخی، دعوا کردن امری رایج است، در حالی که در برخی دیگر، تا حد امکان از آن اجتناب میشود.
Different cultures have different protocols for conflict management; in some, arguing is common, while in others, it is avoided as much as possible.
Cross-cultural comparison of conflict resolution.
دعوا کردن بر سرِ ایدئولوژیهای رادیکال، اغلب مانع از درک متقابل و یافتن نقاط مشترک میشود، و جامعه را به سمت قطبی شدن سوق میدهد.
Arguing over radical ideologies often prevents mutual understanding and finding common ground, pushing society towards polarization.
Sociopolitical analysis of ideological conflict.
توانایی تشخیص زمان و مکان مناسب برای طرح مسائل حساس، و پرهیز از دعوا کردن در شرایط نامساعد، نشاندهنده بلوغ فکری و هوش هیجانی بالاست.
The ability to recognize the appropriate time and place for raising sensitive issues, and to avoid arguing in unfavorable circumstances, indicates intellectual maturity and high emotional intelligence.
Emphasis on emotional intelligence and situational awareness.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
Souvent confondu avec
'بحث کردن' can mean 'to discuss' neutrally or 'to argue'. 'دعوا کردن' specifically implies a quarrel or fight, always with negative connotations. You can 'بحث کردن' without it becoming a 'دعوا'.
'جدل کردن' often implies a more intellectual or formal debate, though it can also be used for heated arguments. 'دعوا کردن' is more general and emotional.
'کتک کاری کردن' exclusively refers to physical fighting. 'دعوا کردن' is primarily verbal, though it can sometimes escalate to physical conflict.
Expressions idiomatiques
— To argue fiercely over something extremely trivial or insignificant.
آنها بر سرِ اینکه چه کسی اول وارد شود، دعوا بر سرِ مویِ همدیگر بودند.
Informal— To escalate an argument to a very serious or unpleasant point, potentially involving threats or severe consequences.
اگر این بحث ادامه پیدا کند، دعوا را به جاهای باریک میکشاند.
Informal— To instigate a fight or argument between others; to cause trouble.
او همیشه سعی میکند بین مردم دعوا بیندازد.
Informal— To completely put an end to an argument or dispute, decisively and permanently.
بهتر است این بحث را از بیخ قطع کنیم.
Informal— To argue over absolutely nothing; a completely pointless argument.
آنها دوباره سرِ هیچ و پوچ دعوا کردند.
Informal— To bring problems or arguments from work or public life into the home.
لطفاً دعوا را به خانه نیاورید.
Informal— A constant, never-ending cycle of arguments between two parties who seem unable to reconcile.
آن دو نفر مثل پنیر و موش با هم دعوا میکنند.
Informal— To blame someone else for starting an argument or conflict.
او سعی کرد دعوا را به گردن من بیندازد.
Informal— To provoke an argument or fight through words.
او با حرفهایش دعوا را داد.
Informal— To carry an argument to a serious or final stage.
آنها دعوا را تا جایی رساندند که پلیس وارد شد.
InformalFacile à confondre
Both can describe a verbal disagreement.
'دعوا کردن' implies a heated, often emotional quarrel or fight. 'بحث کردن' can be a neutral discussion or a more formal debate, and only becomes an argument ('دعوا') if it gets heated or contentious.
آنها سرِ فیلم بحث کردند (They discussed the movie), اما سرِ ماشین دعوا کردند (but they argued over the car).
Both involve verbal disagreement and exchange of ideas.
'جدل کردن' often suggests a more intellectual or structured debate, focusing on logic or differing viewpoints. 'دعوا کردن' is more about emotional conflict and a dispute, often less structured and more heated.
فیلسوفان در مورد نظریهها جدل میکنند (Philosophers debate theories), در حالی که دو دوست سرِ یک بازی دعوا کردند (while two friends argued over a game).
Both refer to conflict and dispute.
'دعوا کردن' is the common, everyday term for a verbal argument. 'نزاع کردن' is more formal and can imply a more serious dispute, often used in news reports or legal contexts, and can sometimes suggest physical confrontation.
کودکان سرِ اسباببازی دعوا کردند (Children argued over toys), اما گزارشها از نزاع بین دو گروه خبر دادند (but reports announced a dispute between two groups).
Both describe situations where people do not agree.
'اختلاف نظر داشتن' means 'to have a difference of opinion' and is a milder, more neutral term. It suggests disagreement without the emotional intensity or conflict implied by 'دعوا کردن'.
من با او اختلاف نظر دارم (I have a difference of opinion with him), اما سرِ آن موضوع دعوا نکردم (but I didn't argue about it).
Both are informal and describe arguments.
'دعوا کردن' is the general term for arguing. 'جر و بحث کردن' often implies a more persistent, bickering, or back-and-forth argument, sometimes over minor issues.
آنها سرِ اینکه چه کسی ظرفها را بشوید دعوا کردند (They argued over who should wash the dishes), و این جر و بحثشان ادامه داشت (and their bickering continued).
Structures de phrases
Subject + دعوا کردن (past tense)
من دعوا کردم.
Subject + دعوا کردن (present tense)
آنها دعوا میکنند.
Subject + با + Person + دعوا کردن
او با دوستش دعوا کرد.
Subject + سرِ + Topic + دعوا کردن
بچهها سرِ اسباببازی دعوا میکنند.
Subject + دعوا کردن + Adverb (of intensity/duration)
آنها شدید دعوا کردند.
Subject + Modal Verb + دعوا کردن
ما نباید دعوا کنیم.
Complex sentence with 'دعوا کردن' as a noun phrase
دعوا کردن بین آنها ادامه یافت.
Conditional clause + دعوا کردن
اگر بخواهی دعوا کنی، من آمادهام.
Famille de mots
Noms
Verbes
Apparenté
Comment l'utiliser
Very High in spoken Persian.
-
Using 'دعوا کردن' for a purely physical fight.
→
Use phrases like 'کتک کاری کردن' or describe the physical actions if the argument was not primarily verbal.
'دعوا کردن' emphasizes verbal conflict. While it can lead to physical fighting, the verb itself focuses on the words exchanged. Using it for a purely physical fight might sound imprecise.
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Incorrect tense conjugation.
→
Ensure you use the correct past ('دعوا کرد') or present ('دعوا میکند') forms based on when the action occurred.
Like any verb, 'دعوا کردن' needs correct conjugation. A common error is using the present tense for a past event, e.g., 'من دیروز دعوا میکنم' instead of 'من دیروز دعوا کردم'.
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Misusing prepositions, especially 'سرِ'.
→
Use 'سرِ' to indicate the topic of the argument, e.g., 'دعوا سرِ پول'. Avoid using other prepositions like 'در' or 'برای' in this context.
'سرِ' is idiomatic for specifying the subject of an argument. Using incorrect prepositions makes the sentence sound unnatural or grammatically flawed.
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Confusing 'دعوا کردن' with milder forms of disagreement.
→
Use 'اختلاف نظر داشتن' for simple differences of opinion, and 'بحث کردن' for neutral discussions.
'دعوا کردن' implies a genuine conflict or quarrel. Using it for every minor disagreement can sound overly dramatic or aggressive. Understand the nuance between disagreement and argument.
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Incorrect pronunciation of 'ع' (ayn).
→
Practice the guttural 'ayn' sound by constricting the throat slightly. It's not just a simple vowel.
The 'ع' sound is crucial for correctly pronouncing 'دعوا' and other Arabic loanwords. Mispronouncing it can affect intelligibility.
Astuces
Mastering Compound Verbs
'دعوا کردن' is a compound verb. Remember that the noun part ('دعوا') can sometimes be used independently, and the verb 'کردن' is conjugated. This pattern is common in Persian, so learning it will help you with many other verbs.
The 'ع' Sound
The letter 'ع' (ayn) in 'دعوا' is a guttural sound unique to Arabic-derived words. Practice it by trying to make a slight constriction in your throat. It's not a vowel sound like 'a'.
Using 'سرِ' Correctly
The prepositional phrase 'سرِ' is crucial for specifying the topic of an argument. Always use it when you want to say 'arguing over X'. For example, 'سرِ پول' (over money).
Reconciliation is Valued
In Persian culture, while arguments happen, the emphasis is often on resolving them and maintaining relationships. Phrases like 'آشتی کردن' (to make up) are very important.
Sentence Building
Create your own sentences using 'دعوا کردن' in different tenses and with various subjects and topics. This active practice is key to solidifying your understanding.
Listen Actively
When watching Persian movies or listening to conversations, actively try to spot 'دعوا کردن' and note down the context. This will help you hear it used naturally.
Distinguish from Similar Verbs
Be aware of the subtle differences between 'دعوا کردن', 'بحث کردن', and 'جدل کردن'. Understanding these distinctions will make your Persian more precise.
Mnemonics and Associations
Use the provided mnemonics or create your own. Visualizing the word or associating it with a story can significantly aid recall.
Real-World Use
Don't be afraid to use 'دعوا کردن' when appropriate in your conversations. Even if you make a small mistake, native speakers will likely understand and appreciate your effort.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Imagine two people 'davā' (sounds like 'diva') who are acting like divas, fighting over who gets the spotlight. They are 'kardan' (doing) this diva-like fighting.
Association visuelle
Picture two people with red faces, shouting at each other, with speech bubbles filled with exclamation marks and question marks. The word 'دعوا' looks like 'Da-VA', like a loud 'VA!' sound of shouting.
Word Web
Défi
Try to describe a time you witnessed or were involved in an argument using 'دعوا کردن' in Persian. Focus on who was involved, what they argued about ('سرِ'), and how it ended.
Origine du mot
The word 'دعوا' (davā) originates from the Arabic word 'دَعْوَىٰ' (daʿwā), which means a claim, lawsuit, or dispute. The verb 'کردن' (kardan) is a native Persian verb meaning 'to do' or 'to make'.
Sens originel : In Arabic, 'daʿwā' primarily referred to a legal claim or a formal dispute. Its application in Persian evolved to encompass broader interpersonal arguments and quarrels.
Indo-Iranian (Persian) and Semitic (Arabic loanword)Contexte culturel
While 'دعوا کردن' is a common verb, using it to describe very serious or violent confrontations might require more specific vocabulary. However, for everyday verbal disagreements, it is perfectly appropriate and widely understood.
In English-speaking cultures, 'to argue' is the direct equivalent. Phrases like 'to have a fight', 'to quarrel', or 'to bicker' are also used depending on the intensity. The concept of 'making up' after an argument is also universal.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Family disputes (siblings, spouses, parents/children)
- خواهر و برادرها سرِ اسباببازی دعوا میکنند.
- زن و شوهر سرِ خرج خانه دعوا کردند.
- پدرم با پسرم سرِ نمره دانشگاه دعوا کرد.
Arguments between friends
- دوستم با من سرِ یک موضوع کوچک دعوا کرد.
- آنها بعد از مهمانی دعوا کردند.
- من نمیخواهم با تو دعوا کنم.
Disagreements in public spaces (queues, traffic, shops)
- دو نفر سرِ جا توی صف دعوا میکردند.
- رانندهها سرِ تصادف دعوا کردند.
- مشتری با فروشنده دعوا کرد.
Online arguments (social media, forums)
- مردم در اینترنت سرِ سیاست دعوا میکنند.
- آنها در مورد یک فیلم در شبکههای اجتماعی دعوا کردند.
- دعواهای آنلاین بیهوده هستند.
Workplace disagreements (less common, usually more formal)
- همکارانم سرِ پروژه دعوا کردند.
- او با رئیسش دعوا کرد.
- این دعوا بین دو تیم بود.
Amorces de conversation
"Have you ever argued with someone over something really silly?"
"What's the most common reason people argue in your culture?"
"Do you think arguing is always bad, or can it be useful sometimes?"
"How do you usually handle arguments with friends or family?"
"Can you recall a funny argument you witnessed or were part of?"
Sujets d'écriture
Describe a time you had a significant argument. What was it about, who was involved, and what was the outcome?
Reflect on a situation where you chose not to argue, even when you felt like it. Why did you make that choice, and what happened?
Imagine you could give advice to someone who argues too much. What would you tell them?
Write about a cultural difference you've observed regarding how people argue or handle disagreements.
Consider a time when an argument actually led to a positive outcome or a better understanding. How was that possible?
Questions fréquentes
10 questionsNo, 'دعوا کردن' primarily refers to a verbal argument or quarrel. While it can sometimes escalate to physical confrontation, the verb itself focuses on the exchange of words and the emotional conflict. For purely physical fighting, other terms like 'کتک کاری کردن' are used.
You use 'سرِ' (sar-e) to specify the topic or reason for the argument. It functions like 'over' or 'about' in English. For example, 'آنها سرِ پول دعوا کردند' means 'They argued over money'.
'دعوا کردن' implies a heated, emotional argument or quarrel. 'بحث کردن' can be a neutral discussion or debate, and only becomes an argument if it turns contentious. You can 'بحث کردن' without it escalating into a 'دعوا'.
Generally, 'دعوا کردن' carries a negative connotation of conflict. However, in some contexts, people might argue to resolve issues or clear the air, leading to a better understanding afterward. But the act of 'دعوا کردن' itself is still considered a dispute.
You would use the negative past tense: 'من دعوا نکردم' (man davā nakardam).
You can add an adverb like 'شدید' (shadid - intensely/severely) or describe the loudness. For example: 'آنها شدید دعوا میکردند' (They were arguing intensely) or 'آنها با صدای بلند دعوا میکردند' (They were arguing loudly).
While technically possible, it's more common to use specific verbs for animal fights, like 'جنگیدن' (to fight) or describe their actions. 'دعوا کردن' is predominantly used for human verbal disputes.
The noun form is 'دعوا' (davā), which means 'fight', 'quarrel', or 'dispute'. For example, 'آنها یک دعوای بزرگ داشتند' (They had a big argument).
Yes, absolutely. People often 'دعوا میکنند' over political issues, especially on social media or in public discussions. For example: 'مردم سرِ سیاست دعوا میکنند'.
More formal terms include 'نزاع کردن' (nezā kardan) or 'مشاجره کردن' (moshājehe kardan), which can also imply more serious disputes or conflicts.
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Summary
'دعوا کردن' (davā kardan) is the fundamental Persian verb for 'to argue' or 'to have a verbal fight'. It implies a dispute involving words and often emotions, distinguishing it from purely physical altercations. Mastering its conjugation and common structures like using 'با' (with) and 'سرِ' (over/about) is essential for everyday communication.
- To argue or have a verbal fight.
- Commonly used for disagreements between people.
- Often involves emotions like anger or frustration.
- Can be used in various tenses and contexts.
Mastering Compound Verbs
'دعوا کردن' is a compound verb. Remember that the noun part ('دعوا') can sometimes be used independently, and the verb 'کردن' is conjugated. This pattern is common in Persian, so learning it will help you with many other verbs.
Context is Key
While 'دعوا کردن' usually means to argue, the intensity can vary. Pay attention to the context and surrounding words to understand if it's a minor disagreement or a serious quarrel.
The 'ع' Sound
The letter 'ع' (ayn) in 'دعوا' is a guttural sound unique to Arabic-derived words. Practice it by trying to make a slight constriction in your throat. It's not a vowel sound like 'a'.
Using 'سرِ' Correctly
The prepositional phrase 'سرِ' is crucial for specifying the topic of an argument. Always use it when you want to say 'arguing over X'. For example, 'سرِ پول' (over money).
Contenu associé
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اعلام کردن
A2Annoncer, déclarer. Le gouvernement a annoncé de nouvelles mesures. (The government announced new measures.)
اعلامیه
A1Une déclaration publique formelle ou une annonce. On l'utilise souvent pour les documents officiels comme la Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme.
عبارت
A2Phrase; expression; statement.
عنوان
A2Le titre d'un livre ou d'une œuvre artistique.
عصر بخیر
A1Bon après-midi / Bonsoir. Utilisé spécifiquement en fin de journée.
عذرخواهی
A2Une expression de regret pour une offense ou un échec.
عذرخواهی کردن
A2S'excuser ; demander pardon. Il s'est excusé pour son retard.
عذرخواستن
A2S'excuser pour quelque chose de mal. Il a demandé pardon à son ami pour son retard.
آدرس دادن
A2Donner une adresse ou des indications de direction.
آدرس دهی
A2Le processus d'indication de l'emplacement de quelque chose, généralement sur du courrier ou numériquement. (The process of indicating the location of something, typically on mail or digitally.) Le terme fait référence à l'acte de fournir les détails nécessaires pour qu'un objet, une personne ou une information atteigne sa destination prévue.
