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B1 adjective #4,000 le plus courant 7 min de lecture

فاسد

fased
Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces فاسد en 30 secondes
Explication فاسد in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'fāsed' means 'bad' or 'rotten' when talking about food. You might use it in very simple sentences like 'The milk is bad' or 'Don't eat this'. At this stage, don't worry about the political or legal meanings. Just focus on the physical objects you see in a kitchen. If you see fruit with spots or milk that smells funny, you can point and say 'fāsed'. It is a useful word to know for basic survival, like shopping at a market or eating at a restaurant. You will mostly hear it used with 'shodan' (to become), as in 'shir fāsed shod' (the milk went bad). Keep it simple: food + fāsed = don't eat. This is the foundation for later learning more complex uses of the word in society and law.
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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'fāsed' in slightly more complex sentences, often with reasons. For example, 'The meat is spoiled because the fridge was off'. You start to understand the difference between 'fāsed' and 'kharāb'. You know that 'kharāb' is for your phone or car, but 'fāsed' is for your sandwich. You might also start to see the word in simple news headlines about 'spoiled goods' being seized. You should be able to ask questions like 'Is this milk spoiled?' (Āyā in shir fāsed ast?). You are also learning to use the Ezafe correctly: 'ghazā-ye fāsed' (spoiled food). This level is about expanding the context from just pointing at things to describing situations involving spoilage and basic health concerns.
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As a B1 learner, you should be comfortable using 'fāsed' in both its literal (food) and figurative (moral) senses. You understand that a 'fāsed' person is someone who lacks ethics or takes bribes. You can describe processes: 'If you leave meat in the sun, it will spoil'. You also begin to recognize the word in more formal contexts, such as health warnings or social commentary. You can distinguish between 'fāsed' (spoiled), 'gandideh' (rotten/stinking), and 'torshideh' (sour). At this level, you are expected to use the word in discussions about health, society, and daily problems. You might use it in a sentence like: 'Corruption in the administration is a big problem'. This shows you understand the abstract power of the word beyond just the kitchen.
At the B2 level, you use 'fāsed' with more nuance and in more formal writing. You can discuss 'systemic corruption' (fesād-e sistemātik) and understand the legal implications of a 'fāsed' contract in a business context. You are familiar with related words like 'mofsed' (corruptor) and 'efsād' (act of corrupting). You can use the word to describe complex social phenomena, such as the 'decay of values' in a changing society. Your vocabulary includes collocations like 'fāsed shodani' (perishable) and 'fāsed nashodani' (non-perishable). You can read newspaper articles about financial scandals and understand exactly how 'fāsed' is being used to characterize the individuals involved. You also start to appreciate the word's use in modern Persian literature to describe decaying environments or characters.
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At the C1 level, your understanding of 'fāsed' is deeply rooted in its etymological and cultural history. You can use it in academic or legal discussions about 'aqd-e fāsed' (a void contract) and explain why it differs from 'aqd-e bātel' in specific legal schools. You can use the word metaphorically in high-level essays to describe the 'spoiling' of an ideology or the 'corruption' of a language by external influences. You are sensitive to the register of the word—knowing when to use 'fāsed' versus more poetic terms like 'tabāh'. You can follow complex political debates where the word is used as a sharp rhetorical tool. You also understand the religious connotations of 'fesād fel-arz' (corruption on earth), which is a serious legal term in the Iranian judicial system.
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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of 'fāsed' and its entire word family. You can engage in philosophical debates about the nature of 'fesād' (corruption/decay) versus 'eslāh' (reform/correction). You understand the subtle shades of meaning in classical Persian poetry where 'fāsed' might be used to describe a 'corrupt' or 'unbalanced' temperament in medieval medicine (unbalanced humors). You can write professional legal, medical, or political documents using the word with absolute precision. You are also aware of how the word has evolved in modern slang or political jargon. For you, 'fāsed' is not just a word for spoiled milk, but a multi-layered concept that touches on biology, ethics, law, and philosophy, and you can navigate all these domains with native-level fluency.
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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

فاسد en 30 secondes

  • Fāsed primarily means 'spoiled' or 'rotten' when referring to food and organic materials.
  • It is widely used in politics to mean 'corrupt' or 'dishonest'.
  • In legal contexts, it describes a contract or deal that is 'void' or 'invalid'.
  • It is a formal word often paired with 'shodan' (to become) or used as an adjective with Ezafe.

The Persian word فاسد (Fāsed) is a versatile adjective primarily used to describe something that has lost its original, healthy, or functional state. At its most literal level, it refers to biological decay—think of milk that has turned sour or fruit that has become mushy and inedible. However, its usage extends far beyond the kitchen. In a social or political context, it describes corruption, moral decay, or a lack of integrity. When you describe a person or an institution as 'fāsed', you are suggesting they are ethically 'rotten'. This duality makes it a powerful word in both daily household conversations and high-level political discourse. It is a loanword from Arabic, sharing the root F-S-D, which inherently carries the meaning of being perverted, depraved, or spoiled.

Literal Spoilage
Used for food, medicine, or organic matter that is no longer safe to use or consume. For example, meat left out in the sun becomes 'fāsed'.
Moral Corruption
Used to describe individuals or societies that have abandoned ethical principles. A 'fāsed' politician is one who takes bribes.
Legal Invalidation
In jurisprudence (Fiqh) and law, it refers to a contract or transaction that is null and void due to a fundamental flaw.

بوی شیر نشان می‌دهد که کاملاً فاسد شده است.

Understanding the nuance between 'fāsed' and its synonyms is crucial for B1 learners. While 'kharāb' can mean a car is broken, 'fāsed' would never be used for a mechanical failure. It is strictly for organic, moral, or legal decay. In literature, it often symbolizes the downfall of a regime or the rotting of a soul. In a household setting, you might hear a mother warning her children: 'Don't eat that, it smells fāsed'. In the news, you'll hear about 'fesād-e māli' (financial corruption). This range is what makes it a core vocabulary word.

جامعه‌ای که در آن عدالت نباشد، به سرعت فاسد می‌شود.

داروهای فاسد را نباید در سطل زباله معمولی ریخت.

Using 'fāsed' correctly requires understanding its role as an adjective and its common verbal pairings. Most frequently, it is paired with the verb shodan (to become). When food goes bad, we say 'fāsed shod' (it became spoiled). Unlike English where we might say 'the milk is spoiled', Persian often emphasizes the process of spoilage. In more formal or medical contexts, the verb gardidan might be used. For moral corruption, it can be used to describe people directly: 'u ādam-e fāsedi ast' (he is a corrupt person).

With 'Shodan' (To become)
Used to describe the transition from fresh to spoiled. 'Gousht dar garma fāsed shod' (The meat spoiled in the heat).
As a Direct Modifier
Placing it after the noun with an Ezafe. 'Ghazā-ye fāsed' (Spoiled food).
Abstract Usage
Applying it to ideas or systems. 'Afkār-e fāsed' (Corrupt/perverted thoughts).

اگر تخم‌مرغ‌ها را در یخچال نگذاری، فاسد می‌شوند.

When writing, remember that 'fāsed' does not change for gender (as Persian has no grammatical gender) but it can take plural markers if it's being used as a substantive noun in very specific contexts (though rare). In most cases, it remains 'fāsed' regardless of the noun it modifies. For example, 'miveh-hā-ye fāsed' (spoiled fruits). Notice how the Ezafe (-e) connects the noun to the adjective. If you are describing a corrupt system, you might say 'nezhām-e fāsed'. The word is also used in the negative: 'fāsed nashodani' (unspoilable/incorruptible), often used for honey or canned goods.

دولت سعی دارد ریشه‌های فاسد در اقتصاد را از بین ببرد.

You will encounter 'fāsed' in three main environments in Iran or Persian-speaking communities. The first is the **domestic sphere**. Kitchen talk is full of it. If a refrigerator breaks down, the immediate concern is: 'ghazā-hā fāsed mishan' (the foods will spoil). The second is the **news and media**. Iranian news outlets frequently report on 'fesād' (corruption). You will hear phrases like 'ekhtelās-e māli va modirān-e fāsed' (financial embezzlement and corrupt managers). It is a politically charged word that carries heavy social weight.

At the Grocery Store (Miveh-forushi)
Customers might complain: 'In porteghāl-hā fāsed hastand' (These oranges are rotten).
In Political Debates
Politicians accuse each other of being 'fāsed' to delegitimize their opponents.
Medical/Health Warnings
Public health announcements warn against 'ghazā-ye fāsed' during summer trips.

اخبار گفت که مقدار زیادی برنج فاسد در انبار کشف شده است.

The third environment is **legal and religious settings**. In Islamic law (Sharia), which influences Iranian civil law, a 'fāsed' contract is one that doesn't meet the necessary criteria and is therefore invalid. While a casual learner might not need this daily, hearing it in a courtroom drama or reading it in a legal document is common. It's also used in poetry to describe a 'fāsed' heart or intention, meaning one that has strayed from the path of purity. This breadth of usage—from a rotten tomato to a voided contract to a sinful soul—makes it indispensable.

The most common mistake for English speakers is using 'fāsed' for things that are merely 'broken' or 'not working'. In English, we might say 'the file is corrupted' or 'the machine is bad'. In Persian, if a computer file is corrupted, we use 'kharāb' or 'āsib-dideh', not 'fāsed'. 'Fāsed' is specifically for moral or biological decay. Another mistake is confusing it with 'gandideh'. While both mean rotten, 'gandideh' is much more graphic and usually implies a terrible smell (stinking rotten), whereas 'fāsed' is a more general, often clinical or formal term for spoilage.

Mistake: Fāsed vs. Kharāb
Don't say 'māshin-am fāsed shod' (my car became spoiled). Say 'māshin-am kharāb shod'.
Mistake: Fāsed vs. Gandideh
'Fāsed' is the polite, standard word. 'Gandideh' is more visceral and descriptive of the stench.

اشتباه: کامپیوتر من فاسد است. (Incorrect: My computer is spoiled/corrupt).

Another nuance is the difference between 'fāsed' and 'nā-pāk' (unclean). 'Nā-pāk' is often used in a ritual or religious sense (Taharat), whereas 'fāsed' is about the quality or integrity of the object itself. Also, beginners often forget the 'shodan' part. In English, 'it is spoiled' is a state. In Persian, 'fāsed shodeh' (it has become spoiled) is the standard way to describe food that was once good but is now bad. If you just say 'in ghazā fāsed ast', it sounds like the food was born spoiled, which is logically odd.

Persian has a rich vocabulary for 'badness'. Choosing the right word depends on the level of decay and the context. While 'fāsed' is the standard B1-level word, knowing its neighbors will make your Persian sound more natural. For example, 'gandideh' (rotten) is used for meat or eggs that smell awful. 'Torshideh' (soured) is specifically for dairy or liquids that have fermented. 'Kharāb' is the 'catch-all' word for anything that isn't working or is bad, but it lacks the specific 'decay' nuance of 'fāsed'.

Gandideh (گندیده)
Used for extreme biological rot with a strong odor. 'Eggs' are usually 'gandideh'.
Torshideh (ترشیده)
Specifically for souring. Milk and yogurt become 'torshideh'.
Kharāb (خراب)
The most common word for 'broken' or 'bad'. Use this for machines, electronics, or a 'bad day'.

شیر ترشیده برای پختن پنکیک خوب است، اما شیر فاسد خطرناک است.

In a political context, the alternative to 'fāsed' could be 'monharef' (deviant) or 'khā'en' (traitorous), depending on the severity of the accusation. If you are talking about a contract being void, 'bātel' (null) is the most common synonym. Understanding these distinctions helps you navigate different social settings—from the kitchen to the courthouse. Using 'fāsed' correctly shows a B1 learner's ability to move beyond simple adjectives like 'bad' (bad) or 'good' (khub) into more descriptive and accurate language.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The word 'Fesād' in the Quran is often used to describe the opposite of 'Eslāh' (reform), making 'fāsed' and 'musleh' (reformer) conceptual opposites.

Guide de prononciation

UK /fɑːˈsed/
US /fɑˈsɛd/
The stress is typically on the second syllable: fā-SED.
Rime avec
قاصد (Ghāsed - Messenger) حاسد (Hāsed - Envious) راصد (Rāsed - Observer) مفاسد (Mafāsed - Corruptions) مقاصد (Maghāsed - Intentions) عابد (Ābed - Worshipper) زاهد (Zāhed - Ascetic) شاهد (Shāhed - Witness)
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Pronouncing the 'ā' like the 'a' in 'cat'. It should be 'ah'.
  • Confusing the 's' with a 'z' sound.
  • Over-emphasizing the first syllable.
  • Not pronouncing the final 'd' clearly.
  • Using a long 'e' (like 'seed') instead of a short 'e' (like 'sed').

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts, but requires context to distinguish between food and politics.

Écriture 4/5

Requires correct use of Ezafe and understanding which verb (shodan/kardan) to pair it with.

Expression orale 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but learners often over-use it for 'broken' things.

Écoute 3/5

Common in news and kitchen talk; easily distinguishable.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

خراب (Kharāb) شیر (Shir) گوشت (Gousht) پول (Pul) شدن (Shodan)

Apprends ensuite

رشوه (Reshveh) اختلاس (Ekhtelās) سالم (Sālem) بهداشت (Behdāsht) قانون (Ghānun)

Avancé

ابطال (Ebtāl) مفسد فی‌الارض (Mofsed fel-arz) انحطاط (Enhetāt) تباهی (Tabāhi)

Grammaire à connaître

Ezafe Construction

سیبِ فاسد (The spoiled apple)

Passive with 'Shodan'

غذا فاسد شد (The food was spoiled/became spoiled)

Negative Imperative

نخور! (Don't eat!) often used with 'fāsed'.

Noun to Adjective Suffix '-i'

فاسد شدنی (Perishable)

Causal Clauses

چون هوا گرم بود، گوشت فاسد شد.

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Exemples par niveau

1

این شیر فاسد است.

This milk is spoiled.

Simple Subject + Adjective + Verb.

2

غذا فاسد شد.

The food spoiled.

Past tense of 'shodan' (to become).

3

پنیر فاسد را نخور.

Don't eat the spoiled cheese.

Imperative negative + Ezafe.

4

آیا این گوشت فاسد است؟

Is this meat spoiled?

Question form.

5

میوه‌ها فاسد هستند.

The fruits are spoiled.

Plural subject.

6

نان فاسد شد.

The bread spoiled.

Subject + Adjective + Shodan.

7

بوی فاسد می‌آید.

A spoiled smell is coming.

Using 'fāsed' as a modifier for smell.

8

این سیب فاسد را دور بینداز.

Throw away this spoiled apple.

Demonstrative + Noun + Ezafe + Adjective.

1

اگر شیر بیرون بماند، فاسد می‌شود.

If the milk stays out, it will spoil.

Conditional sentence (If... then...).

2

ما نباید غذای فاسد بخوریم چون مریض می‌شویم.

We shouldn't eat spoiled food because we will get sick.

Compound sentence with 'chon' (because).

3

یخچال خراب است و همه چیز فاسد شد.

The fridge is broken and everything spoiled.

Using 'kharāb' for the machine and 'fāsed' for the food.

4

فروشنده نباید میوه فاسد بفروشد.

The seller should not sell spoiled fruit.

Modal verb 'nabāyad' (should not).

5

تاریخ مصرف این ماست گذشته و فاسد است.

The expiration date of this yogurt has passed and it's spoiled.

Using 'tārikh-e masraf' (expiration date).

6

این تخم‌مرغ بوی فاسد می‌دهد.

This egg smells spoiled.

Verb 'bu dādan' (to smell).

7

گوشت در گرما خیلی زود فاسد می‌شود.

Meat spoils very quickly in the heat.

Adverb 'kheyli zud' (very quickly).

8

چرا این برنج فاسد شده است؟

Why has this rice spoiled?

Present perfect tense.

1

مدیر فاسد از مردم رشوه می‌گرفت.

The corrupt manager was taking bribes from people.

Using 'fāsed' for moral corruption.

2

بسیاری از داروها در انبار فاسد شده بودند.

Many of the medicines had spoiled in the warehouse.

Past perfect tense.

3

فساد مالی باعث نابودی اقتصاد می‌شود.

Financial corruption causes the destruction of the economy.

Noun form 'fesād' (corruption).

4

او یک انسان فاسد است که به کسی رحم نمی‌کند.

He is a corrupt person who shows no mercy to anyone.

Relative clause with 'ke'.

5

این کنسروها فاسد شدنی نیستند.

These cans are not perishable.

Adjective 'fāsed shodani' (perishable).

6

دولت باید با سیستم‌های فاسد مبارزه کند.

The government must fight against corrupt systems.

Verb 'mobārezeh kardan' (to fight).

7

افکار فاسد می‌تواند یک جوان را منحرف کند.

Corrupt thoughts can deviate a young person.

Abstract usage of 'fāsed'.

8

پلیس مرد فاسد را دستگیر کرد.

The police arrested the corrupt man.

Direct object with 'rā'.

1

ساختار اداری این سازمان کاملاً فاسد شده است.

The administrative structure of this organization has become completely corrupt.

Abstract organizational usage.

2

مواد غذایی فاسد شدنی باید در دمای پایین نگهداری شوند.

Perishable food items must be kept at low temperatures.

Passive voice 'negahdāri shavand'.

3

رشوه دادن یکی از نشانه‌های جامعه فاسد است.

Bribery is one of the signs of a corrupt society.

Gerund 'reshveh dādan'.

4

قراردادی که بر اساس دروغ باشد، فاسد و باطل است.

A contract based on lies is corrupt and void.

Legal terminology.

5

او سعی کرد با پول، قاضی را فاسد کند.

He tried to corrupt the judge with money.

Transitive use 'fāsed kardan'.

6

فساد اداری مانع پیشرفت کشور می‌شود.

Administrative corruption hinders the country's progress.

Noun 'fesād' as a subject.

7

این میوه‌ها به دلیل رطوبت زیاد فاسد شده‌اند.

These fruits have spoiled due to high humidity.

Cause and effect with 'be dalil-e'.

8

قلب فاسد هرگز به آرامش نمی‌رسد.

A corrupt heart never finds peace.

Literary/Metaphorical usage.

1

رژیم‌های فاسد معمولاً با انقلاب سرنگون می‌شوند.

Corrupt regimes are usually overthrown by revolution.

Political science context.

2

در فقه، معامله فاسد هیچ اثر حقوقی ندارد.

In jurisprudence, a corrupt transaction has no legal effect.

Specialized legal register.

3

او از یک خانواده اصیل اما فاسد بود.

He was from a noble but corrupt family.

Nuanced character description.

4

نفوذ افکار فاسد غربی یکی از دغدغه‌های نویسنده بود.

The influence of corrupt Western thoughts was one of the author's concerns.

Ideological usage.

5

تجمع ثروت در دست عده‌ای خاص، منجر به ایجاد طبقه فاسد می‌شود.

The accumulation of wealth in the hands of a specific few leads to the creation of a corrupt class.

Socio-economic analysis.

6

بوی تعفن سیاست‌های فاسد از دور به مشام می‌رسد.

The stench of corrupt policies can be smelled from afar.

High-level metaphor.

7

این دارو به محض تماس با هوا فاسد می‌گردد.

This medicine spoils as soon as it comes into contact with air.

Formal verb 'gardidan'.

8

فساد سیستماتیک ریشه‌های اعتماد عمومی را می‌خشکاند.

Systemic corruption dries up the roots of public trust.

Advanced metaphor.

1

در متون کهن، فاسد شدن مزاج به معنای بیماری بود.

In ancient texts, the corruption of the temperament meant illness.

Historical medical context.

2

دیالکتیک قدرت می‌تواند شریف‌ترین انسان‌ها را نیز فاسد گرداند.

The dialectic of power can corrupt even the most noble of humans.

Philosophical register.

3

ابطال قرارداد به دلیل شرط فاسد، از مباحث پیچیده حقوقی است.

Annulment of a contract due to a corrupt condition is a complex legal topic.

Technical legal jargon.

4

او به مفسد فی‌الارض متهم شد.

He was accused of being a 'corruptor on earth'.

Specific Iranian legal term.

5

فاسد بودن مبانی نظری این کتاب بر منتقدان پوشیده نبود.

The corruptness of this book's theoretical foundations was not hidden from critics.

Academic criticism.

6

ارزش‌های اخلاقی در بوته نسیان، فاسد و بی‌معنا گشته‌اند.

Moral values, in the crucible of oblivion, have become corrupt and meaningless.

Poetic/Philosophical prose.

7

توالی نسل‌های فاسد، تمدن را به انحطاط می‌کشاند.

The succession of corrupt generations drags civilization into decline.

Historical philosophy.

8

او با قلم خویش، چهره فاسد حاکمان را ترسیم کرد.

With his pen, he portrayed the corrupt face of the rulers.

Literary metaphor.

Collocations courantes

غذای فاسد
شیر فاسد
مدیر فاسد
فساد مالی
فاسد شدن
جامعه فاسد
قرارداد فاسد
افکار فاسد
مواد فاسد شدنی
بوی فاسد

Phrases Courantes

فاسد شدنی

— Perishable. Used for items that decay quickly.

میوه یک کالای فاسد شدنی است.

فاسد نشدنی

— Non-perishable. Used for items like honey or canned goods.

عسل تنها ماده غذایی فاسد نشدنی است.

مفسد فی‌الارض

— A heavy legal term for someone causing corruption on earth.

او به عنوان مفسد فی‌الارض محاکمه شد.

فساد اداری

— Administrative corruption or red tape involving bribes.

فساد اداری مانع سرمایه‌گذاری است.

دندان فاسد

— A decayed or rotten tooth.

دندان فاسد باید کشیده شود.

تخم‌مرغ فاسد

— A rotten egg (often used metaphorically).

بوی تخم‌مرغ فاسد غیرقابل تحمل است.

سیستم فاسد

— A corrupt system.

تغییر سیستم فاسد زمان‌بر است.

خون فاسد

— Bad blood (sometimes used in traditional medicine).

حجامت خون فاسد را خارج می‌کند.

ریشه فاسد

— Corrupt root (the source of a problem).

باید ریشه فاسد این مشکل را پیدا کرد.

اخلاق فاسد

— Corrupt morals.

اخلاق فاسد باعث تنهایی می‌شود.

Souvent confondu avec

فاسد vs قاصد (Ghāsed)

Means messenger. Sounds similar but starts with a different 'gh/q' sound.

فاسد vs فاصله (Fāsele)

Means distance. Similar starting sound but completely different meaning.

فاسد vs فاسق (Fāsegh)

An old/religious term for a sinner or someone who commits forbidden acts openly.

Expressions idiomatiques

"از ریشه فاسد بودن"

— To be rotten to the core; fundamentally flawed.

این سازمان از ریشه فاسد است.

Formal
"ماهی از سر گنده گردد (فاسد شود)"

— The fish rots from the head down (corruption starts at the top).

وقتی رئیس دزد باشد، ماهی از سر فاسد می‌شود.

Proverbial
"یک سیب فاسد بقیه را خراب می‌کند"

— One bad apple spoils the bunch.

مراقب باش، یک دوست فاسد بقیه را هم فاسد می‌کند.

Informal
"دندان فاسد را باید کشید"

— You must pull out the rotten tooth (get rid of a source of trouble).

این کارمند دزد است، دندان فاسد را باید کشید.

Metaphorical
"آب که یک جا بماند، فاسد می‌شود"

— Stagnant water becomes corrupt (movement and change are necessary).

باید سفر کرد، چون آب هم یک جا بماند فاسد می‌شود.

Literary
"فاسد کردن خون کسی"

— To make someone's blood boil or corrupt their mood.

با این حرف‌ها خون مرا فاسد نکن.

Informal/Old
"مغز فاسد"

— A brain filled with corrupt or perverted ideas.

او مغز فاسدی دارد و همیشه به بدی فکر می‌کند.

Slang-ish
"لقمه فاسد"

— Money or food earned through illegal/unethical means.

لقمه فاسد به خانه نبر.

Religious/Moral
"ریشه فساد را خشکاندن"

— To dry up the roots of corruption (to eliminate it completely).

دولت وعده داد ریشه فساد را بخشکاند.

Political
"در لجن‌زار فساد غرق شدن"

— To drown in the swamp of corruption.

او در لجن‌زار فساد غرق شده است.

Literary

Facile à confondre

فاسد vs خراب (Kharāb)

Both mean 'bad'.

Kharāb is for machines or general badness. Fāsed is for rot or corruption.

تلفن خراب است، اما شیر فاسد است.

فاسد vs گندیده (Gandideh)

Both mean 'rotten'.

Gandideh is more graphic and implies a stench. Fāsed is more general/formal.

تخم‌مرغ گندیده بوی بدی دارد.

فاسد vs ترشیده (Torshideh)

Both used for dairy.

Torshideh specifically means 'soured'. Fāsed means 'spoiled' (could be moldy, etc.).

ماست ترشیده را می‌توان خورد، اما ماست فاسد را نه.

فاسد vs باطل (Bātel)

Both used in legal contexts.

Bātel means 'null/void'. Fāsed in law means 'flawed/corrupt' but sometimes has different implications for the contract's future.

این رای باطل است.

فاسد vs کپک‌زده (Kapak-zadeh)

Both mean food is bad.

Kapak-zadeh specifically means 'moldy'. Fāsed is the general term for being unfit to eat.

نان کپک‌زده فاسد شده است.

Structures de phrases

A1

[Noun] + فاسد است.

این شیر فاسد است.

A2

[Noun] + فاسد شد.

گوشت فاسد شد.

B1

اگر [Condition]، [Noun] فاسد می‌شود.

اگر برق برود، غذا فاسد می‌شود.

B1

[Noun] + به دلیل [Reason] فاسد شده است.

میوه به دلیل گرما فاسد شده است.

B2

دولت با [Noun] فاسد مبارزه می‌کند.

دولت با مدیران فاسد مبارزه می‌کند.

B2

[Noun] از جمله کالاهای فاسد شدنی است.

لبنیات از جمله کالاهای فاسد شدنی است.

C1

فساد در [System] باعث [Result] می‌شود.

فساد در سیستم بانکی باعث تورم می‌شود.

C2

شرط فاسد موجب [Legal Result] می‌گردد.

شرط فاسد موجب بطلان قرارداد می‌گردد.

Famille de mots

Noms

فساد (Fesād - Corruption)
مفسد (Mofsed - Corruptor)
مفاسد (Mafāsed - Corruptions/Vices)

Verbes

فاسد کردن (Fāsed kardan - To corrupt/spoil)
فاسد شدن (Fāsed shodan - To become spoiled)

Adjectifs

فاسد (Fāsed - Spoiled/Corrupt)
مفسدانه (Mofsedāne - Corruptly)
فاسد شدنی (Fāsed shodani - Perishable)

Apparenté

خرابی (Kharābi)
گندیدگی (Gandidegi)
انحراف (Enherāf)
رشوه (Reshveh)
تقلب (Taghallob)
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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Very high in both daily conversation (food) and media (politics).

Erreurs courantes
  • Using 'fāsed' for a broken car. → Māshin kharāb ast.

    'Fāsed' is for rot/corruption, not mechanical failure.

  • Saying 'shir fāsed ast' instead of 'shir fāsed shodeh'. → Shir fāsed shodeh (ast).

    Persian prefers the resultative 'has become' for spoilage.

  • Confusing 'fāsed' with 'ghāsed'. → Fāsed (spoiled) vs Ghāsed (messenger).

    The first letter sounds are different (f vs gh).

  • Using 'fāsed' for a computer virus. → Kharāb or Āludeh.

    Digital corruption uses different terms in Persian.

  • Using 'fāsed' for 'sour' yogurt that is still edible. → Torshideh.

    'Fāsed' implies it is dangerous or rotten, not just sour.

Astuces

Verb Pairing

Always pair 'fāsed' with 'shodan' (to become) for food that has gone bad over time.

Food Safety

Use 'fāsed' to warn someone about dangerous food. It sounds more urgent than 'kharāb'.

Calling out Corruption

In political discussions, 'fesād' is the standard term for systemic bribery and theft.

Contracts

If a deal is 'fāsed', it means it has no legal standing. This is common in business Persian.

The 'ā' sound

Ensure the 'ā' is long like 'father'. Shortening it changes the rhythm of the word.

Fossil/Fāsed

Think of a fossil—something once alive that is now 'bad' for its original use.

Ezafe usage

Remember the Ezafe: 'ghazā-ye fāsed'. The '-ye' is needed because 'ghazā' ends in a vowel.

News keywords

When you hear 'fesād-e māli', know that the topic is a financial scandal.

Decay

Doctors might use 'fāsed' to describe necrotic or decayed tissue.

The Fish Proverb

Memorize 'Māhi az sar fāsed mishavad' to sound like a native speaker when discussing bad leadership.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Fāsed' as 'Fast-Dead'. If food stays out too long, it dies fast and becomes 'fāsed'.

Association visuelle

Imagine a shiny apple with a tiny worm wearing a suit and taking a bribe. This combines both meanings: rotten food and a corrupt person.

Word Web

Food Bribe Rotten Milk Politician Void Smell Bacteria

Défi

Try to find three things in your fridge that might be 'fāsed' and then find one news article about 'fesād'.

Origine du mot

Derived from the Arabic root F-S-D (ف س د). It entered Persian during the early Islamic period and has been used for over a millennium.

Sens originel : To be or become bad, spoiled, or perverted.

Semitic root, adopted into the Indo-European Persian language.

Contexte culturel

Calling a person 'fāsed' is a very strong insult and can have legal or social consequences. Use it carefully.

The English word 'corrupt' is the closest equivalent, but 'fāsed' is used much more commonly for food than 'corrupt' is in English.

The legal term 'Mofsed-e fel-Arz' in the Iranian Penal Code. Classical poems by Hafez about the 'fāsed' nature of hypocritical preachers. Modern Iranian films like 'The Salesman' or 'A Hero' often touch upon social 'fesād'.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

In the Kitchen

  • شیر فاسد
  • گوشت فاسد شده
  • بوی فاسد
  • دور ریختن غذای فاسد

In Politics

  • فساد مالی
  • مدیر فاسد
  • سیستم فاسد
  • مبارزه با فساد

In Law

  • قرارداد فاسد
  • معامله فاسد
  • شرط فاسد
  • ابطال به دلیل فساد

In Medicine

  • دندان فاسد
  • خون فاسد
  • داروی فاسد
  • بافت فاسد شده

In Morality

  • اخلاق فاسد
  • افکار فاسد
  • قلب فاسد
  • انسان فاسد

Amorces de conversation

"آیا تا به حال در رستوران غذای فاسد به شما داده‌اند؟"

"به نظر شما بهترین راه برای مبارزه با مدیران فاسد چیست؟"

"چگونه می‌توان تشخیص داد که یک تخم‌مرغ فاسد است؟"

"آیا فکر می‌کنید تکنولوژی می‌تواند فساد اداری را کم کند؟"

"کدام مواد غذایی زودتر از همه فاسد می‌شوند؟"

Sujets d'écriture

تجربه خود را از زمانی که ناخواسته غذای فاسد خوردید بنویسید.

درباره تاثیرات مخرب فساد مالی بر روی زندگی مردم عادی تحقیق کنید و بنویسید.

چرا در برخی جوامع، فساد به یک امر عادی تبدیل می‌شود؟

اگر شما مسئول مبارزه با فساد بودید، اولین قدمتان چه بود؟

تفاوت بین یک چیز 'خراب' و یک چیز 'فاسد' را با مثال‌های مختلف توضیح دهید.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No. For a broken computer, use 'kharāb'. 'Fāsed' is only for biological rot or moral corruption.

Yes, it is a standard, neutral word. However, calling a person 'fāsed' is a serious accusation of corruption.

'Fāsed' is 'spoiled' (general), while 'gandideh' is 'rotten' and usually implies a very bad smell.

You say 'fāsed shodani' (فاسد شدنی).

Yes, it is the most common word for spoiled milk (shir-e fāsed).

Yes, to describe contracts or conditions that are invalid or corruptly formed.

The noun form is 'fesād' (فساد), meaning corruption or spoilage.

Yes, if they are morally corrupt or dishonest, you can say 'ādam-e fāsed'.

Not exactly. 'Torshideh' means sour. 'Fāsed' means it has gone bad and is unsafe.

It is an Arabic loanword that is fully integrated into Persian.

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Teste-toi 180 questions

writing

Write a sentence about spoiled milk.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Describe a corrupt politician using 'fāsed'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Explain why we shouldn't eat spoiled food.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Use 'fāsed shodani' in a sentence about shopping.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Write a short warning about meat in the sun.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Translate: 'Financial corruption is a big problem.'

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Describe a rotten apple using the Ezafe construction.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Write a sentence about a 'fāsed' contract.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Use the proverb about the fish and corruption.

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writing

Write a sentence about 'fāsed' thoughts.

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writing

Translate: 'The eggs are rotten.'

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writing

Explain the difference between 'kharāb' and 'fāsed'.

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writing

Write a sentence about a corrupt system.

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writing

Describe a 'fāsed' tooth.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Write a news headline about corruption.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
writing

Translate: 'Perishable goods must be kept in the fridge.'

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writing

Write a sentence about 'fāsed' medicine.

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writing

Use 'mofsed' in a sentence.

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writing

Write a sentence about a 'fāsed' smell.

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writing

Translate: 'Rotten to the core.'

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Explain to a shopkeeper that the milk he sold you is spoiled.

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Tell your friend not to eat the meat because it's been out too long.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Discuss your opinion on corruption in big companies.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Ask a waiter if the fish is fresh or spoiled.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Tell someone that honey never spoils.

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speaking

Talk about the importance of fridge temperature for perishable goods.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Express your anger about a corrupt official.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Warn your child about eating old fruit.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Explain why a contract might be 'fāsed' in a meeting.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Describe the smell of a rotten egg.

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speaking

Say: 'Corruption destroys trust.'

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Ask: 'Has this food spoiled?'

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Talk about 'bad apples' in a group.

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speaking

Tell a dentist about your decayed tooth.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Discuss the 'fish rots from the head' proverb.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Ask if the medicine is expired and spoiled.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Explain that 'fāsed' is not for broken cars.

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speaking

Talk about 'corrupt thoughts'.

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speaking

Say: 'We must dry up the roots of corruption.'

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
speaking

Say: 'This cheese is spoiled.'

Read this aloud:

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Identify the word 'fāsed' in a sentence about milk.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen for 'fesād-e māli' in a news clip.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Does the speaker say 'fāsed' or 'ghāsed'?

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen: 'In miveh fāsed shodani ast.' What is the adjective?

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen: 'Modir-e fāsed rā gereftand.' Who did they catch?

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listening

Listen for the verb paired with 'fāsed' in 'Ghazā fāsed shod'.

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listening

Listen: 'In aghd fāsed ast.' What context is this?

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listening

Listen: 'Bu-ye fāsed mi-āyad.' What is coming?

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listening

Listen for the plural 'mofsedin' in a speech.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :
listening

Listen: 'Dandān-e fāsedat rā bekesh.' What should be pulled?

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listening

Identify the opposite word used: 'Sālem yā fāsed?'

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listening

Listen: 'Fesād dar jame'eh.' Where is the corruption?

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listening

Listen: 'Māhi az sar fāsed mishavad.' What is the first word?

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listening

Listen: 'Shir fāsed shodeh.' Has it spoiled yet?

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listening

Listen for 'fesād-e edāri'.

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Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte :

/ 180 correct

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