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A1 adjective #3,000 le plus courant 10 min de lecture

گریان

geryan Top 3,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces گریان en 30 secondes

Explication گریان in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'Geryān' is a simple but powerful descriptive word. You use it to describe people who are crying right now. It's like the word 'crying' in 'the crying baby'. At this stage, you only need to know how to put it after a noun with an 'e' sound (the Ezafe). For example, 'koodak-e geryān' (crying child). You might also use it with the verb 'to be' (ast) to say 'The boy is crying' (Pesar geryān ast). This level focuses on physical descriptions. You see someone with tears, and you say they are 'geryān'. It's one of the first emotional adjectives you learn because it's very visual. You don't need to worry about poetic meanings yet; just focus on the fact that 'geryān' = 'has tears'.

At the A2 level, you start to use 'Geryān' in slightly more complex sentences. You might describe the reason why someone is crying using 'chon' (because). For example: 'The girl is crying because she lost her doll' (Dokhtar geryān ast chon arusak-ash rā gom kardeh ast). You also begin to see 'geryān' used as a way to describe how someone did something, like 'He came home crying' (O geryān be khāneh āmad). At this level, you should also be able to distinguish between the noun 'geryeh' (crying) and the adjective 'geryān'. You understand that 'geryān' describes the person, and 'geryeh' is the act itself. You might also start to see it in simple stories or children's books.

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By B1, you are comfortable using 'Geryān' in various registers. You understand that while it's an adjective, it can act as a state of being in a story. You might use it to add emotion to your writing. For instance, instead of just saying someone was sad, you use 'geryān' to show they were crying. You also learn common pairings like 'geryān va nālān' (crying and moaning) which is used for emphasis. You can use it to describe non-human things in a slightly metaphorical way, like 'the crying sky' when it's raining heavily, though you know this is more literary. You are also aware of the formal 'geryānān' (those who are crying) but you don't necessarily use it in speech.

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At the B2 level, you appreciate the nuance of 'Geryān' in literature and media. You can understand news reports where 'geryān' is used to evoke sympathy for victims of a disaster. You recognize it in Persian songs (Sonati) and understand the emotional weight it carries. You can use it in more sophisticated grammar structures, such as conditional sentences: 'If I see him crying (geryān), I will become sad too.' You also begin to understand the cultural context of crying in Persian society—how it's often seen as a deep, spiritual expression of the soul, and how 'geryān' captures that better than the simple verb 'geryeh kardan'.

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At C1, you use 'Geryān' with precision and style. You understand its etymological roots (from 'geristan') and how the suffix '-ān' creates a sense of continuous state. You can analyze poetry from Rumi or Hafez where 'geryān' describes the 'abr' (cloud) or the 'sham' (candle) that 'cries' wax. You use the word to create atmosphere in your own high-level writing. You are also familiar with synonyms like 'ashk-bār' and 'ashk-ālud' and know exactly when to swap 'geryān' for them to achieve a specific rhetorical effect. You can discuss the aesthetics of sorrow in Persian culture using this vocabulary fluently.

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At the C2 level, 'Geryān' is a tool for mastery. You understand all its historical and literary connotations. You can distinguish between its use in Pahlavi (Middle Persian) and Modern Persian if necessary. You can use it in highly abstract or philosophical discussions about human emotion. You might use it in a critique of a film or a book to describe the 'ton-e geryān' (tearful tone) of the narrative. You are also capable of using it in puns or complex wordplay that relies on the various meanings of 'crying' and 'flowing' in Persian. To you, 'geryān' is not just a word; it's a piece of the vast Persian emotional tapestry that you can weave into any conversation or text perfectly.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

گریان en 30 secondes

Geryān is the primary Persian adjective for 'crying' or 'tearful', used to describe a person's emotional state.
It follows the noun it modifies using the Ezafe (e.g., koodak-e geryān), or acts as a predicate (e.g., Ali geryān ast).
The word is commonly found in literature, music, and emotional news reporting, often carrying more weight than the simple verb.
It is related to the verb 'geristan' (to cry) and the noun 'geryeh' (crying), but functions specifically as a descriptive adjective.

The Persian word گریان (pronounced 'geryān') is a beautiful and evocative adjective that primarily translates to 'crying', 'weeping', or 'shedding tears' in English. It is derived from the infinitive گریستن (geristan), which means 'to cry'. In the landscape of the Persian language, this word occupies a space that is both literal and deeply emotional. Unlike the simple present participle of the verb, گریان functions as a state of being, often describing someone who is in the midst of a profound emotional release or a persistent state of sorrow. It is a word you will encounter in everyday conversation, but its roots are deeply embedded in the rich soil of Persian literature and poetry.

Literal State: In its most basic form, it describes the physical act of tears falling from the eyes. It is used to describe children, mourners, or anyone overwhelmed by emotion.
Poetic Personification: Persian poets often use this word to describe nature. A 'crying cloud' (abr-e geryān) is a common metaphor for rain, suggesting that nature itself feels the sorrow of the poet or the lover.
Emotional Intensity: While 'geryeh' is the noun for crying, 'geryān' carries a more descriptive, almost cinematic quality. It paints a picture of the person in that state, rather than just naming the action.

مادر با چشمانی گریان به استقبال فرزندش آمد.
(The mother came to welcome her child with crying eyes.)

Understanding when to use گریان versus other terms for crying is crucial for a learner. In everyday speech, if you want to say 'He is crying,' you would typically use the verb phrase گریه می‌کند (geryeh mikonad). However, if you are describing the person—'The crying boy sat in the corner'—then پسر گریان (pesar-e geryān) is the correct and more natural choice. It functions much like the English '-ing' adjectives (e.g., 'the weeping willow').

او تمام شب گریان بود.
(He/She was crying all night.)

In a cultural context, 'geryān' is linked to the Persian concept of 'gham' (sorrow/grief), which is often viewed with a degree of romanticism and depth in Persian art. Being 'geryān' is not always seen as a sign of weakness, but often as a sign of a 'del-e narm' (soft heart) or a soul that is deeply moved by the world's beauty or tragedy. This makes the word quite powerful in songs and literature.

Grammar Note: As an adjective, it follows the noun it modifies using the Ezafe construction (e.g., koodak-e geryān). It can also function as a predicative adjective after 'budan' (to be) or 'shodan' (to become).

آسمان گریان شد و باران بارید.
(The sky became tearful [cloudy/rainy] and it rained.)

Using گریان correctly requires understanding its role as an adjective and its nuanced difference from the verb. While English speakers might use 'crying' as both a verb ('He is crying') and an adjective ('The crying man'), Persian distinguishes these more clearly in formal and literary styles. However, in modern Persian, گریان is versatile enough to appear in various sentence structures.

As an Attributive Adjective: This is when the word directly describes a noun. You connect them with an 'e' sound (Ezafe). For example: 'koodak-e geryān' (the crying child). This is common in descriptive writing and storytelling.
As a Predicative Adjective: This is when the word follows a linking verb like 'to be'. 'Ali geryān ast' (Ali is crying/tearful). This emphasizes his state rather than just the action of crying.
In Compound Adverbs: Sometimes it is used to describe *how* an action is performed. 'Geryān raft' (He left crying/in tears). Here, it functions almost like an adverbial of manner.

دخترک گریان به خانه برگشت.
(The little girl returned home crying.)

In more advanced contexts, گریان can be paired with other adjectives to create a more vivid picture. You might hear 'nālān va geryān' (moaning and crying), a common pairing in classical texts and lamentations. This doubling of adjectives is a stylistic feature of Persian to emphasize the intensity of the emotion.

همه مردم در مراسم تشییع گریان بودند.
(All the people were crying at the funeral ceremony.)

When using it in questions, you might ask: 'Cherā in koodak geryān ast?' (Why is this child crying?). While 'Cherā in koodak geryeh mikonad?' is also correct and perhaps more common in casual speech, using 'geryān' adds a touch of descriptive elegance to your sentence.

چرا چشم‌های تو گریان است؟
(Why are your eyes tearful?)

Word Order: In Persian, the adjective usually follows the noun. 'Pesar-e geryān' (Boy-crying). If you put it before the noun, it becomes a very formal or poetic construction, which is rare in A1-B1 levels.

او با صدایی گریان صحبت کرد.
(He spoke with a crying/tearful voice.)

While گریان is a standard word, its frequency varies across different registers of Persian. You might not hear it every five minutes in a casual teahouse conversation, but it is omnipresent in other areas of Iranian life. Understanding these contexts will help you sound more like a native speaker and less like a textbook.

In News and Journalism: When reporting on tragedies, disasters, or emotional human interest stories, news anchors and journalists frequently use 'geryān' to describe survivors or family members. It adds a level of gravitas to the reporting.
In Persian Literature and Poetry: This is where 'geryān' truly shines. From the epic Shahnameh to the mystical ghazals of Hafez and Rumi, 'geryān' is used to describe the lover's state of longing. You will hear it in poetry recitations, which are a popular cultural pastime in Iran.
In Movies and TV Dramas: Iranian cinema is world-renowned for its emotional depth. In scripts, 'geryān' is a common stage direction or descriptive term in dialogue to emphasize a character's misery or relief.

فیلم با صحنه‌ای از یک مرد گریان تمام شد.
(The movie ended with a scene of a crying man.)

Another place you will frequently encounter this word is in religious contexts, particularly during the month of Muharram. Lamentations (Noheh) often use 'geryān' to describe the historical figures being mourned. In this context, the word carries a sacred and communal weight of shared grief.

صدای گریان او از پشت تلفن شنیده می‌شد.
(Her crying voice could be heard over the phone.)

In music, especially traditional Persian music (Sonati) and modern ballads, 'geryān' is a keyword. It evokes the 'suz' (burning/passion) that is central to the Persian musical aesthetic. If you listen to songs by legendary singers like Shajarian, you will almost certainly hear this word used to describe the pain of separation or the beauty of a tearful eye.

Social Media Usage: In the digital age, while people use emojis, they still use 'geryān' in captions for emotional photos or when sharing sad news. It remains a core part of the emotional vocabulary of Persian speakers online.

او با دلی گریان از وطن خود رفت.
(With a weeping heart, he left his homeland.)

For English speakers learning Persian, the most common mistakes with گریان usually involve confusing it with other related words or misapplying Persian grammar rules. Because English uses 'crying' for almost everything, the specificity of Persian can be a bit tricky at first.

Mistake 1: Confusing 'Geryān' with 'Geryeh': 'Geryeh' is a noun (crying/tears). You cannot say 'Man geryeh hastam' to mean 'I am crying'. You must use the adjective 'Man geryān hastam' or the verb 'Man geryeh mikonam'. Think of 'Geryeh' as the 'thing' and 'Geryān' as the 'state'.
Mistake 2: Forgetting the Ezafe: When using 'geryān' to describe a noun, many beginners forget the short 'e' sound that connects them. It's 'koodak-e geryān', not 'koodak geryān'. This is a fundamental rule of Persian adjectives.
Mistake 3: Overusing it in Casual Speech: While 'geryān' is correct, in very casual, street-level Persian, people often just use the verb. Saying 'Ali dāre geryeh mikone' (Ali is crying) is more common than 'Ali geryān ast' when talking to friends. Using 'geryān' can sometimes sound a bit 'bookish' or dramatic if overused in casual settings.

Incorrect: او گریه است. (He is cry.)
Correct: او گریان است. (He is crying/tearful.)

Another subtle mistake is the placement. English puts adjectives before the noun ('the crying child'), but Persian puts them after ('koodak-e geryān'). If you say 'geryān koodak', it sounds like you are reciting ancient poetry, which might be confusing in a supermarket!

Incorrect: گریان چشم‌های او زیباست. (Crying her eyes are beautiful.)
Correct: چشم‌های گریان او زیباست. (Her crying eyes are beautiful.)

Finally, be careful with the intensity. 'Geryān' implies actual tears. If someone is just sad but not crying, use 'ghamgin' (sad) or 'nārāhat' (upset). Using 'geryān' when there are no tears might be seen as an exaggeration, though this is common in poetic or hyperbolic speech.

Spelling Note: In Persian, the 'alef' (ا) in 'geryān' must be written clearly. Some beginners forget it and write something that looks like 'geryan' without the long vowel, which changes the rhythm and can lead to confusion with other roots.

Persian is a language of synonyms, each with its own flavor. While گریان is the most common adjective for 'crying', several other words can be used depending on the level of formality and the specific type of crying being described.

اشک‌بار (Ashk-bār): Literally 'tear-raining'. This is more formal and poetic than 'geryān'. It's often used to describe eyes that are overflowing with tears. Example: 'cheshm-e ashk-bār'.
نالان (Nālān): This means 'moaning' or 'wailing'. It describes the sound of crying rather than just the tears. It's often paired with 'geryān' in the phrase 'geryān va nālān'.
اشک‌آلود (Ashk-ālud): Meaning 'tear-stained' or 'covered in tears'. This is used to describe a face or a letter after the crying has happened or while it is happening.
گریه کنان (Geryeh-konān): This is a verbal adverb meaning 'while crying'. It is used to describe an action done simultaneously with crying. Example: 'Geryeh-konān raft' (He left while crying).

چشم‌های اشک‌بار او نشان از غمی عمیق داشت.
(Her tear-raining eyes showed a deep sorrow.)

Comparing 'Geryān' with 'Ghamgin' is also useful. 'Ghamgin' simply means 'sad'. You can be 'ghamgin' without being 'geryān'. 'Geryān' is the outward physical manifestation of that sadness. In a sentence, you might say, 'He was so sad (ghamgin) that he became tearful (geryān).'

او همیشه با صورتی اشک‌آلود دعا می‌کرد.
(He always prayed with a tear-stained face.)

In very formal or archaic Persian, you might find the word باکیه (Bākiyeh), borrowed from Arabic, but this is almost never used in modern spoken or written Persian except in very specific religious texts. Stick to 'geryān' for 99% of your needs.

Summary of Alternatives: Use 'geryān' for general crying. Use 'ashk-bār' for poetic intensity. Use 'nālān' for crying with sound/moaning. Use 'geryeh-konān' for 'while crying'.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The suffix '-ān' used in 'geryān' is the same one used in 'bārān' (rain). This linguistic connection reinforces the poetic link between tears and rain in Persian culture.

Guide de prononciation

UK /ɡerˈjɒːn/

US /ɡerˈjɑːn/

The stress is on the second syllable: ger-YĀN.

Rime avec

خندان (Khandān - laughing) تابان (Tābān - shining) باران (Bārān - rain) لرزان (Larzān - trembling) نالان (Nālān - moaning) شتابان (Shetābān - rushing) پریشان (Parishān - distressed) گریزان (Gorizān - fleeing)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'e' as 'ee' (Giryān) - incorrect.
Pronouncing 'ān' as 'an' (like 'can') - incorrect, it must be the long 'aw' sound.
Missing the 'y' sound between 'r' and 'ā'.
Confusing it with 'Gorgān' (a city name).
Stress on the first syllable.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 2/5

Easy to recognize in text due to the distinct '-ān' ending.

Écriture 3/5

Requires remembering the 'alef' and the 'ye' correctly.

Expression orale 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward once the long 'ā' is mastered.

Écoute 2/5

Clear sound, but don't confuse with similar sounding words.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

گریه چشم غمگین بودن کودک

Apprends ensuite

نالان اشک بغض فریاد آرام

Avancé

سوگواری مرثیه ماتم‌زده مضطرب پریشان‌حال

Grammaire à connaître

Ezafe Construction

کودکِ گریان (Koodak-e geryān)

Present Participle as Adjective

Suffix '-ān' attached to the present stem 'gery-'.

Adjective as Adverb of Manner

او گریان رفت (He left crying).

Predicate Adjectives

آنها گریان هستند (They are crying).

Negative Adjectives

او گریان نیست (He is not crying).

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Exemples par niveau

کودک گریان است.

The child is crying.

Subject + Adjective + Verb (to be).

او گریان به اتاق رفت.

He/She went to the room crying.

Adjective used as an adverb of manner.

چرا گریان هستی؟

Why are you crying?

Interrogative sentence with 'hasti' (are).

مادر گریان را دیدم.

I saw the crying mother.

Noun + Ezafe + Adjective + Object marker 'rā'.

من گریان نیستم.

I am not crying.

Negative form of the verb 'to be'.

چشم‌های او گریان بود.

His/Her eyes were crying/tearful.

Plural subject with singular adjective.

یک مرد گریان در خیابان بود.

A crying man was in the street.

Indefinite noun + Adjective.

آن دختر گریان کیست؟

Who is that crying girl?

Demonstrative pronoun + Noun + Adjective.

او برای دوستش گریان بود.

He/She was crying for his/her friend.

Prepositional phrase 'barāye' (for).

بچه گریان شد چون گرسنه بود.

The baby became tearful because he was hungry.

Use of 'shodan' (to become) and 'chon' (because).

ما همه گریان به خانه برگشتیم.

We all returned home crying.

Plural subject 'mā' with adjective 'geryān'.

آیا آن پسر هنوز گریان است؟

Is that boy still crying?

Use of 'hanuz' (still).

صدای گریان او را شنیدم.

I heard her crying voice.

Adjective modifying the noun 'sedā' (voice).

او با لباسی خیس و چشمانی گریان آمد.

He came with wet clothes and crying eyes.

Compound description with two adjectives.

سارا گریان از کلاس بیرون رفت.

Sara went out of the class crying.

Adverbial use of the adjective.

پدر گریان به اخبار گوش می‌داد.

The tearful father was listening to the news.

Subject + Adjective + Verb phrase.

او گریان و نالان از درد شکایت می‌کرد.

Crying and moaning, he complained of pain.

Pairing 'geryān' and 'nālān' for emphasis.

ابر گریان تمام روز بارید.

The crying cloud rained all day.

Metaphorical use of 'geryān'.

او با دلی گریان از دوستانش خداحافظی کرد.

With a weeping heart, he said goodbye to his friends.

Idiomatic use of 'del-e geryān' (weeping heart).

هر وقت فیلم غمگین می‌بیند، گریان می‌شود.

Whenever she sees a sad movie, she becomes tearful.

Conditional/Frequency structure.

او را گریان در گوشه باغ پیدا کردم.

I found him crying in the corner of the garden.

Object + Adjective + Prepositional phrase.

نامه‌ای گریان برای همسرش نوشت.

He wrote a tearful letter to his wife.

Adjective modifying an inanimate object (letter).

چرا تمام مدت گریان بودی؟

Why were you crying the whole time?

Use of 'tamām-e moddat' (the whole time).

او گریان به یاد خاطرات گذشته افتاد.

Crying, he remembered past memories.

Adjective preceding the verbal idiom 'be yād oftādan'.

در آن لحظه، چشمان گریان او همه چیز را می‌گفت.

At that moment, her crying eyes said everything.

Adjective used to imply unspoken communication.

او با حالتی گریان از جمعیت دور شد.

With a tearful state, he moved away from the crowd.

Use of 'hālat' (state/condition).

آسمان گریان شد و گویی با ما همدردی می‌کرد.

The sky became tearful as if it were empathizing with us.

Personification and empathy.

او با صدایی گریان و لرزان پاسخ داد.

He answered with a crying and trembling voice.

Multiple adjectives modifying 'sedā'.

جمعیت گریان به سمت آرامگاه حرکت کردند.

The crying crowd moved towards the tomb.

Collective noun with adjective.

او گریان از بی‌عدالتی دنیا سخن می‌گفت.

Crying, he spoke of the world's injustice.

Complex topic with emotional adjective.

رخسار گریان او در تاریکی می‌درخشید.

Her crying face was shining in the darkness.

Literary word 'rokhsār' (face).

او گریان و پشیمان به نزد مادرش بازگشت.

Tearful and regretful, he returned to his mother.

Pairing 'geryān' with 'pashimān' (regretful).

شاعر با چشمی گریان به زوال زیبایی می‌نگرد.

The poet looks at the decline of beauty with a crying eye.

Abstract literary context.

او گریان و سرگشته در بیابان تنهایی می‌دوید.

Crying and bewildered, he ran in the desert of loneliness.

Metaphorical 'desert of loneliness'.

شمع گریان بر مزار عاشق سوخت.

The crying candle burned on the lover's grave.

Classical poetic trope (crying candle).

او با قلمی گریان سرگذشت تلخ خود را نوشت.

With a crying pen, he wrote his bitter life story.

Metonymy: 'crying pen'.

طبیعت گریان، سوگوار از دست دادن فرزندانش بود.

Crying nature was mourning the loss of its children.

Complex personification.

او گریان و دست‌افشان به استقبال مرگ رفت.

Crying and dancing, he went to welcome death.

Paradoxical pairing of 'geryān' and 'dast-afshān' (dancing).

نوای گریان نی، دل هر شنونده‌ای را می‌لرزاند.

The crying melody of the reed flute shook every listener's heart.

Auditory personification.

او با نگاهی گریان به افق‌های دور چشم دوخته بود.

With a tearful gaze, he stared at the distant horizons.

Evocative descriptive imagery.

در هر بیت این غزل، روحی گریان نهفته است.

In every verse of this ghazal, a crying soul is hidden.

Abstract analysis of literature.

او تجسم زنده انسانی گریان در برهوت مدرنیته است.

He is the living embodiment of a crying human in the wasteland of modernity.

Philosophical/Sociological use.

گریان و لرزان، بر آستانه حقیقت ایستاده بود.

Crying and trembling, he stood on the threshold of truth.

Mystical/Existential context.

او با واژگانی گریان، مرثیه‌ای برای آزادی سرود.

With crying words, he composed an elegy for freedom.

Metaphorical use of 'words' as crying.

انعکاس رخسار گریان او در برکه، تصویری از حزن ابدی بود.

The reflection of her crying face in the pond was a picture of eternal grief.

Highly descriptive and artistic.

او گریان از بار سنگین هستی، به نیایش پناه برد.

Crying from the heavy burden of existence, he took refuge in prayer.

Existentialist vocabulary.

آوای گریان او، گویی نجوای فرشتگان در سوگ انسان بود.

His crying voice was like the whisper of angels mourning for man.

Simile and high-level metaphor.

او گریان و بی‌قرار، در جستجوی معنای گمشده بود.

Crying and restless, he was in search of lost meaning.

Pairing 'geryān' and 'bi-gharār' (restless).

Collocations courantes

چشمان گریان

کودک گریان

صدای گریان

ابر گریان

دل گریان

گریان و نالان

صورت گریان

شمع گریان

گریان و لرزان

مادر گریان

Phrases Courantes

با چشمی گریان

— With a tearful eye; used to describe leaving or watching something sadly.

او با چشمی گریان از ما جدا شد.

گریان به خانه آمدن

— To come home crying; a very common phrase for children or bad news.

بچه گریان به خانه آمد.

گریان شدن

— To start crying or to become tearful.

او ناگهان گریان شد.

گریان ماندن

— To remain in a state of crying.

او تمام شب گریان ماند.

چرا گریان؟

— Why [are you] crying? (Short/Informal)

سلام، چرا گریان؟

گریان و پشیمان

— Crying and regretful.

او گریان و پشیمان عذرخواهی کرد.

گریان و بی‌قرار

— Crying and restless/agitated.

مادر گریان و بی‌قرار بود.

گریان از درد

— Crying from pain.

او گریان از درد فریاد می‌زد.

گریان از شوق

— Crying from joy/excitement.

او گریان از شوق، برادرش را بغل کرد.

گریان و خسته

— Crying and tired/exhausted.

مسافر گریان و خسته به مقصد رسید.

Souvent confondu avec

گریان vs گریه (Geryeh)

Geryeh is the noun (crying), Geryān is the adjective (crying/tearful).

گریان vs گرگان (Gorgān)

Gorgān is a city; don't confuse the pronunciation.

گریان vs جریان (Jaryān)

Jaryān means 'flow' or 'current'. It sounds similar but the first letter is different.

Expressions idiomatiques

"چشم گریان، لب خندان"

— Crying eyes, laughing lips; to hide one's sorrow behind a smile.

او همیشه با چشم گریان و لب خندان زندگی می‌کرد.

Literary/Proverbial

"ابر گریان بهار"

— The crying cloud of spring; refers to someone who cries easily or frequent rain.

او مثل ابر گریان بهار است.

Poetic

"گریان بر سر سفره"

— Crying at the dinner table; being sad during a time of plenty or celebration.

چرا گریان بر سر سفره نشستی؟

Informal/Idiomatic

"گریان و دست‌افشان"

— Crying and dancing; a Sufi state of ecstatic grief/joy.

عارف گریان و دست‌افشان بود.

Mystical

"شمع گریان محفل"

— The crying candle of the gathering; someone who suffers while others enjoy.

او شمع گریان محفل ما بود.

Poetic

"گریان از جور زمانه"

— Crying from the cruelty of the times/fate.

پیرمرد گریان از جور زمانه بود.

Literary

"با دلی گریان و چشمی خون‌بار"

— With a weeping heart and blood-shedding eyes; extreme grief.

او با دلی گریان و چشمی خون‌بار رفت.

Classical Poetic

"گریان برای نان"

— Crying for bread; being in extreme poverty.

کودکان گریان برای نان بودند.

Social Commentary

"گریان و سرگردان"

— Crying and wandering aimlessly.

او گریان و سرگردان در کوچه ها می‌گشت.

Narrative

"گریان بر حال خویش"

— Crying over one's own situation/pitying oneself.

او گریان بر حال خویش نشست.

Neutral

Facile à confondre

گریان vs خندان

Both end in -ān.

Khandān is laughing, Geryān is crying. They are opposites.

گاهی گریان و گاهی خندان است.

گریان vs نالان

Often used together.

Nālān is moaning (sound), Geryān is crying (tears).

بیمار نالان و گریان بود.

گریان vs لرزان

Both describe states of distress.

Larzān is trembling/shaking, Geryān is crying.

با دستانی لرزان و چشمانی گریان.

گریان vs گریزان

Similar sound.

Gorizān means 'fleeing' or 'escaping'.

او از مشکلات گریزان است.

گریان vs سوزان

Similar suffix.

Suzān means 'burning'.

خورشید سوزان در آسمان بود.

Structures de phrases

[Subject] [Geryān] ast.

Ali geryān ast.

[Noun]-e [Geryān]

Koodak-e geryān.

[Subject] geryān [Verb of Motion].

Man geryān āmadam.

Chon [Reason], [Subject] geryān shod.

Chon nārāhat bud, geryān shod.

Ba [Noun]-e geryān, [Action].

Ba cheshmāni geryān raft.

[Metaphorical Noun] geryān ...

Abr-e geryān bārid.

[Adjective] va geryān, [Subject] ...

Sar-gashteh va geryān, o dar biyābān bud.

All

Cherā [Subject] geryān hasti/ast?

Cherā geryān hasti?

Famille de mots

Noms

گریه (Geryeh - crying/tears)

گریستن (Geristan - the act of crying)

گریه‌زاری (Geryeh-zāri - wailing)

Verbes

گریستن (Geristan - to cry)

گریه کردن (Geryeh kardan - to cry [compound verb])

به گریه انداختن (Be geryeh andākhtan - to make someone cry)

Adjectifs

گریان (Geryān - crying)

گریه‌آلود (Geryeh-ālud - tearful)

گریه‌آور (Geryeh-āvar - tear-jerking)

Apparenté

اشک (Ashk - tear)

بغض (Boghz - lump in the throat)

غم (Gham - sorrow)

عزا (Azā - mourning)

ماتم (Mātam - grief)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

High in written Persian, medium-high in spoken Persian.

Erreurs courantes

او گریه است → او گریان است
You cannot be a 'cry' (noun); you must be 'crying' (adjective).
گریان کودک → کودک گریان
Adjectives follow nouns in Persian.
چشم گریان او → چشمان گریان او
While 'cheshm' is okay, 'cheshmān' (plural) is more natural for 'crying eyes'.
او گریان کرد → او گریه کرد
The verb is 'geryeh kardan', not 'geryān kardan'.
صدای گریان اش → صدای گریانش
Ensure correct attachment of possessive suffixes.

Astuces

The Ezafe Rule

Always remember the short 'e' sound when 'geryān' follows a noun. It's 'pesar-e geryān'.

Pairing for Power

Pair 'geryān' with 'nālān' to sound more expressive in your writing.

Poetic Rain

Use 'geryān' for clouds if you want to write a Persian poem or a romantic letter.

Long A

The 'ān' at the end should be long and resonant. Practice saying 'Bārān' and 'Geryān' together.

State vs Action

Use 'geryān' for the *state* of the person and 'geryeh kardan' for the *action* of crying.

Emotional Range

Don't forget you can be 'geryān' from joy too! Add 'az shawgh' to specify.

Descriptive Power

Instead of saying 'He was sad', say 'He had crying eyes' (cheshmāni geryān dāsht) for better imagery.

Song Lyrics

Listen to Persian ballads; 'geryān' is a very frequent word in emotional choruses.

Visual Link

Imagine a 'Crying Giant' (Gery-an) to remember the sound and meaning.

Inquiry

Ask 'Cherā geryān?' to show empathy when you see someone upset.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of a 'Gery-ān' (Crying-Ann). Imagine a girl named Ann who is always 'Gery' (crying).

Association visuelle

Visualize a cloud ('abr') with a face, and rain falling like tears. That is an 'abr-e geryān'.

Word Web

Tears Sadness Rain Eyes Grief Poetry Voice Heart

Défi

Try to use 'geryān' in three sentences today: one about a child, one about the weather, and one about a movie.

Origine du mot

Derived from the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) root 'gri-' or 'grīd' meaning to weep or lament. It is a cognate with the Sanskrit 'gr' (to call out/invoke).

Sens originel : The original sense was likely a vocal lament or calling out in grief, which evolved into the physical act of shedding tears.

Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > West Iranian > Persian.

Contexte culturel

Be mindful when using 'geryān' to describe others in public; while poetic, it still refers to someone's distress.

In English, 'crying' is often seen as private or something children do. In Persian, 'geryān' can be a noble, poetic state for adults.

The poem 'Abr-e Geryān' (The Crying Cloud) by various classical poets. The song 'Geryān' by famous Iranian vocalists describing lost love. The cinematic use of 'geryān' in films by Abbas Kiarostami to show raw human emotion.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

At a Funeral

همه گریان بودند
چشمان گریان بازماندگان
صدای گریان دعا
مراسمی گریان

Children's Behavior

بچه گریان شد
کودک گریان را ساکت کن
چرا گریان است؟
گریان به دنبال مادر

Weather/Rain

ابر گریان
آسمان گریان
هوای گریان
طبیعت گریان

Movies/Stories

پایان گریان
صحنه گریان
شخصیت گریان
داستانی گریان

Personal Relationships

با دلی گریان
خداحافظی گریان
نامه گریان
نگاه گریان

Amorces de conversation

"چرا آن کودک در پارک گریان است؟ (Why is that child in the park crying?)"

"آیا تا به حال با دیدن یک فیلم گریان شده‌ای؟ (Have you ever become tearful watching a movie?)"

"چطور می‌توان یک دوست گریان را آرام کرد؟ (How can one calm a crying friend?)"

"چرا در اشعار فارسی از ابر گریان زیاد صحبت می‌شود؟ (Why is 'crying cloud' mentioned a lot in Persian poetry?)"

"آخرین باری که گریان بودی کی بود؟ (When was the last time you were crying/tearful?)"

Sujets d'écriture

درباره زمانی بنویسید که با چشمانی گریان از کسی خداحافظی کردید. (Write about a time you said goodbye to someone with crying eyes.)

توصیف کنید که چگونه یک ابر گریان می‌تواند زیبایی طبیعت را نشان دهد. (Describe how a crying cloud can show the beauty of nature.)

اگر یک نقاشی از یک صورت گریان بکشید، چه رنگ‌هایی استفاده می‌کنید؟ (If you drew a painting of a crying face, what colors would you use?)

چرا گاهی اوقات انسان‌ها از شوق و شادی گریان می‌شوند؟ (Why do humans sometimes become tearful from excitement and joy?)

یک داستان کوتاه درباره کودکی بنویسید که گریان به خانه آمد اما با یک خبر خوب خوشحال شد. (Write a short story about a child who came home crying but became happy with good news.)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Yes, Persian adjectives are gender-neutral. It applies to men, women, children, and even inanimate objects in poetry.

Yes, as an adjective, 'geryān' often sounds more descriptive and literary than the simple verb phrase 'geryeh kardan'.

You say 'Man geryān hastam', but in casual speech, people prefer 'Man dāram geryeh mikonam'.

Usually, but you can be 'geryān az shawgh' (crying from joy/excitement).

As an adjective, it doesn't change. If used as a noun ('the crying ones'), it is 'geryānān' in formal Persian.

Yes, 'sedā-ye geryān' (a crying/tearful voice) is a very common and natural expression.

The correct modern spelling and pronunciation is 'geryān'.

Yes, but it's poetic. 'Abr-e geryān' (crying cloud) is a classic metaphor for rain.

'Geryān' is the state of crying, while 'ashk-ālud' means something is covered or stained with tears.

Not typically, but it can be used hyperbolically to mean someone is very upset.

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