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B1 noun #8,500 le plus courant 8 min de lecture

مردمک

Q: How do I say 'dilated pupils'?

You say 'مردمکهای گشاد' (Mardumak-ha-ye goshad). The verb 'goshad shodan' is used for the action of dilating.

Q: What is the plural of 'Mardumak'?

The plural is 'مردمکها' (Mardumak-ha). You use this when talking about both eyes or the pupils of multiple people.

Top 8,500

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces مردمک en 30 secondes

Explication مردمک in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'مردمک' (Mardumak) is a part of the eye ('چشم'). You can think of it as the black circle in the middle of the eye. Even though it is a B1 word, you might see it in simple diagrams of the human body. Just remember it is related to seeing and light. You don't need to use it in complex sentences yet. Just recognize that it starts with 'Mardum' (people), which is a word you probably already know. It is a noun. You can say 'This is a pupil' (این یک مردمک است). At this stage, focus on the fact that every person has two pupils, and they are black. It is a very specific part of the face. If you are learning colors, remember that while the eye can be blue or brown, the 'مردمک' is almost always black in appearance because it is actually a hole that lets light in.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'مردمک' in simple descriptive sentences. You should know that it changes size. For example, 'The pupil is small' (مردمک کوچک است) or 'The pupil is big' (مردمک بزرگ است). You might hear this word if you go to a doctor in Iran and they check your eyes. You should also be able to link it to the word 'نور' (light). For example, 'Light goes into the pupil' (نور وارد مردمک می‌شود). You are beginning to understand that Persian words often have 'ak' at the end to show something is small, and here it means a 'little person' in the eye. This helps you remember the word. Start practicing the possessive form: 'مردمکِ من' (my pupil).

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At the B1 level, you should understand the biological function of the 'مردمک' and use it in more complex grammatical structures. You should know the verbs 'تنگ شدن' (to constrict) and 'گشاد شدن' (to dilate). You can explain why a pupil changes size: 'When it is dark, the pupil dilates' (وقتی تاریک است، مردمک گشاد می‌شود). You should also be able to distinguish 'مردمک' from 'عنبیه' (iris) and 'پلک' (eyelid). This is the level where you might encounter the word in news articles about health or in short stories. You should also be comfortable using the plural 'مردمک‌ها' and understand the Ezafe construction used with it, such as 'مردمکِ چشمِ بیمار' (the patient's eye pupil).

At the B2 level, you can use 'مردمک' in academic, medical, or literary contexts. You should be able to discuss how certain medications or emotions affect the 'مردمک'. For instance, you could explain that 'Fear causes the pupils to dilate' (ترس باعث گشاد شدن مردمک‌ها می‌شود). You should also recognize the word in more formal scientific texts where it might be paired with words like 'انقباض' (contraction) or 'واکنش' (reaction). At this level, you can also start to appreciate the metaphorical use of the word in modern Persian literature, where the 'مردمک' might represent the observer's perspective or a deep point of focus in a narrative.

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At the C1 level, you should have a deep understanding of the etymological and poetic significance of 'مردمک'. You should be familiar with the classical term 'مردم چشم' (the person of the eye) used by poets like Hafez. You can discuss the philosophical implications of the word—how the 'little person' in the eye reflects the human connection between the observer and the observed. You should be able to read medical journals or advanced biological papers in Persian that use 'مردمک' to describe complex neurological phenomena. Your usage should be precise, and you should be able to use it in nuanced ways to describe subtle changes in a person's expression or health during a sophisticated conversation or presentation.

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At the C2 level, you master 'مردمک' in all its dimensions. You can analyze classical Persian poetry and explain the wordplay between 'مردم' (people) and 'مردمک' (pupil). You can write professional medical reports or academic papers in Persian regarding ophthalmology. You understand the historical evolution of the word from Middle Persian to the modern day. You can use the word in highly abstract or metaphorical ways in creative writing, perhaps personifying the 'mardumak' as a silent witness to history. Your command of the word includes knowing all its rare synonyms and being able to explain the linguistic parallels in other Indo-European languages to a native speaker.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

مردمک en 30 secondes

The central opening of the eye iris.
Literally means 'little person' in Persian etymology.
Changes size based on light and emotions.
Essential anatomical term for intermediate learners.

The Persian word مردمک (Mardumak) is a fascinating biological and linguistic term that refers to the pupil of the eye. In anatomical terms, it is the black circular opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye. However, the linguistic beauty of this word lies in its etymology. Derived from the word مردم (Mardum), meaning 'people' or 'human,' combined with the diminutive suffix -ak, it literally translates to 'little person.' This naming convention stems from the ancient observation that when you look closely into someone's eye, you see a tiny reflection of yourself—a 'little person' standing within their gaze. This concept is not unique to Persian; it mirrors the Latin root pupilla, which also means 'little doll' or 'little girl.'

Biological Context: In medical and scientific discussions, مردمک is used to describe the physiological reactions of the eye. For example, doctors check the مردمک to see if it constricts or dilates properly in response to light, which can indicate neurological health.
Literary and Poetic Usage: Persian poetry, which is the backbone of the language, often uses مردمک as a metaphor for the 'center of attention' or the 'essence of sight.' It represents the part of the human that perceives beauty and truth.
Everyday Conversation: While it is a technical term, everyday speakers use it when discussing eye health, beauty, or intense emotions. For instance, one might say their pupils dilated out of fear or excitement.

نور شدید باعث شد که مردمک چشم او فوراً تنگ شود.

Translation: The intense light caused the pupil of his eye to constrict immediately.

Understanding مردمک requires recognizing its dual nature as both a scientific noun and a poetic vessel. In a clinical setting, a nurse might ask about the symmetry of a patient's مردمک. In a romantic poem, a writer might describe how the beloved's مردمک holds the entire world within it. This versatility makes it a essential word for B1 level learners who are moving beyond basic vocabulary into more descriptive and anatomical language. It is also important to note that because the word contains the root for 'people,' it carries a subconscious humanistic weight that simple English 'pupil' sometimes lacks in medical contexts.

وقتی در تاریکی هستید، مردمک چشمتان بزرگتر می‌شود تا نور بیشتری جذب کند.

Translation: When you are in the dark, your eye's pupil becomes larger to absorb more light.

When using this word, remember that it is a specific noun. Unlike the English word 'pupil,' which can also mean a student (though 'student' is more commonly danesh-amuz), the Persian مردمک is strictly anatomical. You will never refer to a child in a classroom as a mardumak. This distinction is crucial for English speakers to avoid confusion. The word functions as a standard noun and follows all regular Persian pluralization rules, though the plural مردمک‌ها is mostly used in medical contexts describing both eyes.

پزشک با چراغ‌قوه واکنش مردمک را بررسی کرد.

Translation: The doctor checked the pupil's reaction with a flashlight.

Using مردمک correctly involves understanding its role as a noun that usually acts as the subject or object of verbs related to vision, light, and physical change. Because the pupil is a physical part of the body, it is frequently used with the possessive Ezafe construction (e.g., مردمکِ چشم - the pupil of the eye). While 'eye' is often implied, adding chashm (eye) makes the sentence more formal and precise.

Common Verbs: The most common verbs associated with مردمک are تنگ شدن (to become narrow/constrict) and گشاد شدن (to become wide/dilate). These describe the involuntary movements of the pupil.
Adjectival Descriptions: You can describe the pupil using adjectives like سیاه (black), بزرگ (large), or ریز (tiny). In literary contexts, adjectives describing clarity or emotion are also common.

مردمک‌های او از ترس گشاد شده بودند.

Translation: Her pupils had dilated from fear.

In more advanced usage, مردمک can be used in metaphorical sentences to describe focus. For example, 'The pupil of my eye sees nothing but you.' This type of sentence is common in classical Persian prose and contemporary song lyrics. When teaching this word to English speakers, it is helpful to emphasize that Persian speakers often personify the eye, and the mardumak is the 'eye's eye'—the very point where the soul meets the world.

او به مردمک چشم من خیره شد.

Translation: He stared into the pupil of my eye.

تغییر اندازه مردمک یک واکنش طبیعی است.

Translation: The change in pupil size is a natural reaction.

Furthermore, in clinical Persian, you might encounter the phrase انقباض مردمک (pupil contraction). This is a formal way to describe the narrowing. Conversely, انبساط مردمک is the formal term for dilation. For a B1 learner, stick to the simple verbs تنگ شدن and گشاد شدن as they are universally understood and much more common in daily speech. Whether you are reading a medical report or a romantic novel, recognizing the role of the mardumak as the aperture of the human experience will deepen your understanding of Persian expression.

The word مردمک is heard in a variety of specific environments in Iran and Persian-speaking regions. While it isn't a word you'll use to buy bread at the bakery, it appears frequently in media, healthcare, and art. One of the most common places to hear it is at the چشم‌پزشکی (ophthalmology clinic). Optometrists and surgeons use it constantly when performing exams or explaining procedures like LASIK.

News and Documentaries: Science documentaries on channels like 'IRIB TV4' or 'Manoto' often discuss how the human eye works, using مردمک to explain how animals see in the dark or how humans process visual information.
Crime Thrillers and Movies: In Persian cinema, especially in suspenseful scenes, a director might use a close-up of a character's eye. The dialogue might mention the مردمک to highlight a character's shock, lies, or drug use (as pupils react to substances).

در فیلم‌های جنایی، پلیس اغلب به مردمک متهم نگاه می‌کند.

Translation: In crime movies, the police often look at the suspect's pupil.

Another surprising place you might hear this word is in Persian classical music and poetry recitations. Because the eye is considered the 'window to the soul' in Iranian culture, the mardumak is often mentioned in songs that talk about looking deeply into someone's heart. It carries a sense of intimacy. If you are listening to a podcast about psychology or biology in Persian, you will also hear it discussed in the context of 'Body Language' (زبان بدن), where pupil dilation is analyzed as a sign of attraction or interest.

در کتاب‌های درسی علوم، درباره ساختار مردمک توضیح داده شده است.

Translation: In science textbooks, the structure of the pupil is explained.

For English speakers learning Persian, the most common mistake is confusing مردمک with other parts of the eye. Because many learners translate 'eye' simply as چشم (chashm), they might forget the specific terms for the iris or the pupil. It is essential to distinguish between the مردمک (the hole) and the عنبیه (the colored part/iris).

Confusion with 'Student': In English, the word 'pupil' means both a part of the eye and a student. In Persian, these are completely different words. Never use مردمک to mean a student; for that, use شاگرد or دانش‌آموز.
Mistaking for 'People': Since مردم means 'people,' beginners sometimes think مردمک means 'small people' in a social sense. While that is the literal etymology, the word is exclusively used for the eye in modern Persian.

اشتباه: من یک مردمک در این مدرسه هستم. (غلط)

Correction: This is wrong. You should say 'Man yek danesh-amuz hastam.'

Another subtle mistake involves the pronunciation of the 'u' sound. It is mar-dom-ak (with a short 'o' or 'u' depending on dialect), not mar-doom-ak. Pronouncing it with a long 'oo' might make it sound like a different, non-existent word. Additionally, learners often forget the 'ak' suffix and just say mardum. While mardum-e chashm is an archaic poetic form, in modern conversation, you must include the -ak to be understood as referring to the pupil.

درست: مردمک چشم او در برابر نور واکنش نشان داد.

Translation: Correct: The pupil of his eye reacted to the light.

While مردمک is the standard word for 'pupil,' there are other terms you should know to describe the eye and its functions. Understanding these will help you navigate medical or literary texts more effectively.

عنبیه (Enabiyeh): This means 'Iris.' While the مردمک is the dark center, the عنبیه is the colored ring (brown, blue, green) that surrounds it. People often confuse these two when describing eye color.
نورگیر (Noorgir): Literally 'light-catcher' or 'skylight.' In architectural contexts, this is a window, but it is sometimes used metaphorically in literature to describe the pupil's function of letting in light.
مردم چشم (Mardum-e Chashm): This is an older, more poetic version of مردمک. You will find this in the poems of Hafez or Saadi. It carries a more soulful, less biological connotation.

رنگ عنبیه او سبز است، اما مردمک چشمش همیشه سیاه است.

Translation: Her iris color is green, but her pupil is always black.

When comparing مردمک to بینایی (sight/vision), note that مردمک is the physical tool, whereas بینایی is the faculty or sense. If someone has a problem with their pupil, it might affect their بینایی. In a medical context, you might also hear قرنیه (cornea), which is the clear outer layer. Knowing this cluster of words—مردمک، عنبیه، قرنیه، بینایی—will make you sound much more fluent and precise in Persian.

شاعران کلاسیک اغلب از عبارت «مردم چشم» به جای مردمک استفاده می‌کردند.

Translation: Classical poets often used the phrase 'people of the eye' instead of pupil.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The reason it is called 'little person' is that when you look into someone's pupil, you see a tiny reflection of yourself. This same logic is found in Latin (pupilla), Greek (kore), and Hebrew (ishon), all meaning 'little person' or 'little girl'.

Guide de prononciation

UK /mæɾ.dom.æk/

US /mər.dum.æk/

The stress is typically on the final syllable '-ak'.

Rime avec

بندک (Bandak) کودک (Koodak) عینک (Eynak) نمک (Namak) کمک (Komak) نی‌نی‌ک (Ninik) پولک (Poolak) دلقک (Dalghak)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing the middle vowel too long like 'doom'.
Putting the stress on the first syllable 'MAR-dom-ak'.
Softening the 'k' at the end too much.
Confusing the 'o/u' sound with an 'a' sound.
Skipping the 'd' sound in the middle.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Easy to read but requires knowledge of the 'ak' suffix.

Écriture 4/5

Spelling is straightforward but requires correct use of Ezafe.

Expression orale 3/5

Pronunciation is key, especially the 'u' sound.

Écoute 4/5

Can be confused with 'Mardum' if the ending is not heard clearly.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

مردم چشم سیاه نور بزرگ

Apprends ensuite

عنبیه شبکیه قرنیه عدسی پلک

Avancé

انقباض انبساط عصب‌شناسی بینایی‌سنجی انعکاس

Grammaire à connaître

Diminutive Suffix -ak

Mardum (person) + ak = Mardumak (little person/pupil).

Ezafe Construction

Mardumak-e chashm (Pupil of the eye).

Compound Verbs

Mardumak goshad shodan (Pupil to become dilated).

Pluralization with -ha

Mardumak-ha (Pupils).

Object marker 'ra'

Mardumak ra didam (I saw the pupil).

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Exemples par niveau

مردمک چشم سیاه است.

The eye pupil is black.

Simple subject-adjective sentence.

او دو مردمک دارد.

He/she has two pupils.

Use of the verb 'dashtan' (to have).

این مردمک کوچک است.

This pupil is small.

Demonstrative pronoun 'in' (this).

مردمک در وسط چشم است.

The pupil is in the middle of the eye.

Prepositional phrase 'dar vasat-e' (in the middle of).

من مردمک را می‌بینم.

I see the pupil.

Object marker 'ra' used with a definite noun.

مردمک چشم تو بزرگ است.

Your eye pupil is large.

Possessive Ezafe with 'to' (you).

آیا این مردمک است؟

Is this a pupil?

Basic question structure.

مردمک و عنبیه در چشم هستند.

The pupil and iris are in the eye.

Plural verb 'hastand' for multiple subjects.

نور به مردمک می‌خورد.

Light hits the pupil.

Present simple tense.

مردمک در تاریکی بزرگ می‌شود.

The pupil becomes large in the dark.

Compound verb 'bozorg shodan' (to become large).

دکتر به مردمک من نگاه کرد.

The doctor looked at my pupil.

Past tense of 'negah kardan'.

مردمک‌های او خیلی ریز هستند.

His pupils are very tiny.

Plural noun 'mardumak-ha'.

چرا مردمک تو تغییر کرد؟

Why did your pupil change?

Question word 'chera' (why).

مردمک بخشی از سیستم بینایی است.

The pupil is part of the visual system.

Noun phrase with Ezafe.

او مردمک‌های سیاهی دارد.

She has black pupils.

Adjective following the noun.

مردمک نور را کنترل می‌کند.

The pupil controls the light.

Transitive verb 'kontrol kardan'.

وقتی ترسیدم، مردمک‌هایم گشاد شدند.

When I got scared, my pupils dilated.

Subordinate clause with 'vaghti' (when).

مردمک به طور خودکار به نور واکنش نشان می‌دهد.

The pupil reacts to light automatically.

Adverbial phrase 'be towr-e khodkar'.

پزشک برای معاینه، مردمک را با قطره گشاد کرد.

The doctor dilated the pupil with drops for the exam.

Transitive use of 'goshad kardan'.

اندازه مردمک در هر فرد متفاوت است.

The pupil size is different in every person.

Subject is 'andazeh-ye mardumak' (size of the pupil).

مردمک‌ها در زیر آفتاب شدید تنگ می‌شوند.

Pupils constrict under intense sunlight.

Passive-like compound verb 'tang shodan'.

اگر مردمک واکنش نشان ندهد، نشانه خطر است.

If the pupil doesn't react, it is a sign of danger.

Conditional 'agar' (if) sentence.

مردمک مانند دریچه دوربین عمل می‌کند.

The pupil acts like a camera shutter.

Simile using 'manand-e' (like).

او با دقت به مردمک‌های من خیره شده بود.

He was staring intently at my pupils.

Past progressive tense.

مصرف برخی داروها باعث انقباض شدید مردمک می‌شود.

Consuming certain drugs causes severe pupil contraction.

Formal noun 'enghibaz' (contraction).

مردمک‌ها به دلیل ترشح آدرنالین بزرگتر می‌شوند.

Pupils become larger due to adrenaline secretion.

Preposition 'be dalil-e' (due to).

عدم تقارن در مردمک‌ها می‌تواند نشانه آسیب مغزی باشد.

Asymmetry in the pupils can be a sign of brain injury.

Modal verb 'tavanestan' for possibility.

در این آزمایش، سرعت پاسخ مردمک اندازه‌گیری شد.

In this experiment, the speed of the pupil response was measured.

Passive voice 'andazeh-giri shod'.

مردمک‌ها در حالت هیجان به حداکثر اندازه خود می‌رسند.

Pupils reach their maximum size in a state of excitement.

Superlative 'hadd-e aksar' (maximum).

ساختار مردمک در پستانداران بسیار پیچیده است.

The structure of the pupil in mammals is very complex.

Formal academic tone.

نور از طریق مردمک به شبکیه منتقل می‌شود.

Light is transmitted to the retina through the pupil.

Preposition 'az tarigh-e' (through/via).

تغییرات ریز در مردمک می‌تواند احساسات واقعی را فاش کند.

Micro-changes in the pupil can reveal true emotions.

Use of 'fash kardan' (to reveal).

در ادبیات کلاسیک، مردمک را «مردمِ چشم» می‌نامیدند که استعاره‌ای از روح است.

In classical literature, they called the pupil 'the person of the eye,' a metaphor for the soul.

Relative clause 'ke' (which/that).

پدیده «رفلکس مردمک» یکی از حیاتی‌ترین تست‌های عصب‌شناختی است.

The 'pupillary reflex' phenomenon is one of the most vital neurological tests.

Technical terminology usage.

مردمک چشم، چونان آینه‌ای، تصویر دنیای بیرون را در خود می‌پذیرد.

The eye's pupil, like a mirror, accepts the image of the outside world into itself.

Literary word 'chonan' (like/as).

اختلال در عملکرد مردمک ممکن است ناشی از فشار داخل جمجمه باشد.

Pupil dysfunction may stem from intracranial pressure.

Formal phrase 'nashi az' (stemming from).

او با نگاهی نافذ که در آن مردمک‌ها می‌درخشیدند، سخن می‌گفت.

He spoke with a piercing gaze in which the pupils shone.

Descriptive narrative style.

بررسی دینامیک مردمک در مطالعات روان‌شناسی شناختی اهمیت بسزایی دارد.

Examining pupil dynamics is of great importance in cognitive psychology studies.

Academic phrase 'ahmiyat-e basaza' (great importance).

مردمک‌ها در مواجهه با محرک‌های بصری جذاب، ناخودآگاه منبسط می‌شوند.

Pupils unconsciously dilate when faced with attractive visual stimuli.

Adverb 'nakhod-agah' (unconsciously).

در این شعر، شاعر مردمک را به نگهبانی تشبیه کرده که از حریم دل محافظت می‌کند.

In this poem, the poet likens the pupil to a guard protecting the sanctuary of the heart.

Verb 'tashbih kardan' (to liken/compare).

تعامل ظریف میان ماهیچه‌های عنبیه و گشادگی مردمک، شاهکاری از تکامل بیولوژیکی است.

The delicate interaction between the iris muscles and pupil dilation is a masterpiece of biological evolution.

Complex noun-heavy sentence structure.

مردمک، این سیاهچاله کوچک در مرکز هستی ما، تمام ادراکات ما را فیلتر می‌کند.

The pupil, this small black hole at the center of our being, filters all our perceptions.

Appositive phrase 'in siyah-chale-ye kuchek'.

در متون عرفانی، مردمک چشم به عنوان نقطه اتصال میان عالم صغیر و عالم کبیر تلقی می‌شود.

In mystical texts, the eye's pupil is regarded as the connection point between the microcosm and the macrocosm.

Passive construction 'talaghi mishavad'.

هرگونه ناهنجاری در واکنش‌های مردمکی مستلزم بررسی‌های دقیق پاراکلینیکی است.

Any abnormality in pupillary reactions necessitates precise paraclinical investigations.

Formal word 'mostalzem' (necessitating).

شاعر با ظرافتی بی‌نظیر، لرزش مردمک را به تلاطم دریای درون پیوند زده است.

With unique delicacy, the poet has linked the trembling of the pupil to the turbulence of the inner sea.

Present perfect tense with 'peyvand zadan'.

واکاوی تغییرات قطر مردمک در پاسخ به بار شناختی، دریچه‌ای نوین در علوم اعصاب گشوده است.

Analyzing pupil diameter changes in response to cognitive load has opened a new window in neuroscience.

Gerund 'vakavi' (analyzing/dissecting).

مردمک‌ها، چونان دریچه‌هایی به سوی ابدیت، رازهای مکتوم بشری را در سکوت فریاد می‌زنند.

The pupils, like portals to eternity, scream hidden human secrets in silence.

Highly metaphorical and poetic language.

تفسیر فیزیولوژیک از حرکات مردمک نباید ما را از ابعاد زیبایی‌شناختی آن غافل کند.

The physiological interpretation of pupil movements should not make us neglect its aesthetic dimensions.

Negative subjunctive 'ghafel nakonad'.

Collocations courantes

تنگ شدن مردمک

گشاد شدن مردمک

واکنش مردمک

اندازه مردمک

مردمک‌های نامساوی

انقباض مردمک

انبساط مردمک

مردمک چشم

لرزش مردمک

رفلکس مردمک

Phrases Courantes

مردمک چشم کسی بودن

— To be the apple of someone's eye; to be very dear.

او مردمک چشم مادرش است.

خیره شدن به مردمک

— To look deeply into someone's eyes.

او به مردمک‌های من خیره شد.

تغییر اندازه مردمک

— The physical change in the pupil's diameter.

تغییر اندازه مردمک نشان‌دهنده احساسات است.

مردمک‌های گشاد

— Dilated pupils, often associated with shock or attraction.

مردمک‌های گشاد او را لو داد.

نور در مردمک

— The reflection of light within the eye.

نور در مردمک‌هایش می‌درخشید.

مردمک‌های بی‌حرکت

— Fixed pupils, often a serious medical sign.

مردمک‌های بی‌حرکت نشانه مرگ مغزی است.

مردمک‌های سوزنی

— Pinpoint pupils, often caused by opioids.

او مردمک‌های سوزنی داشت.

مردمک‌های شفاف

— Clear, healthy-looking pupils.

مردمک‌های شفاف نشانه سلامت است.

مساوی بودن مردمک‌ها

— The symmetry of the pupils.

مساوی بودن مردمک‌ها در معاینه چک شد.

حرکت مردمک

— The movement or tracking of the pupil.

حرکت مردمک او نامنظم بود.

Souvent confondu avec

مردمک vs عنبیه

The iris. People often say pupil when they mean the colored part of the eye.

مردمک vs مردم

People. Beginners might drop the 'ak' and change the meaning entirely.

مردمک vs شاگرد

Student. English speakers might translate 'pupil' (student) as 'Mardumak'.

Expressions idiomatiques

"مردمِ چشم"

— Literally 'people of the eye,' used to describe someone very beloved.

فرزندم مردمِ چشم من است.

Literary

"در مردمک چشم جای دادن"

— To cherish someone extremely highly.

من تو را در مردمک چشمم جای می‌دهم.

Poetic

"مردمک شدن"

— To become the focus or the tiny essential part of something.

او در این ماجرا مردمک شد.

Rare/Metaphorical

"سیاهی مردمک"

— Referring to the void or depth of someone's gaze.

در سیاهی مردمک او غرق شدم.

Romantic

"مردمک گرداندن"

— To look around quickly or nervously.

او با اضطراب مردمک می‌گرداند.

Descriptive

"مردمک ریختن"

— An archaic way to describe losing one's sight or focus.

از غم، مردمک در چشمش ریخت.

Archaic

"چشم در چشم مردمک"

— Looking so closely that you see your own reflection.

چشم در چشم مردمک او ایستادم.

Poetic

"نور مردمک"

— The sparkle or life in someone's eyes.

نور مردمک‌هایش خاموش شده بود.

Literary

"مردمک به مردمک"

— Direct eye contact, soul to soul.

مردمک به مردمک با هم حرف زدیم.

Modern Poetic

"مردمک‌سایی"

— A metaphorical term for intense staring or eye contact.

آن‌ها در حال مردمک‌سایی بودند.

Very Rare/Creative

Facile à confondre

مردمک vs مردم

Root word similarity.

'Mardum' means people/society, while 'Mardumak' is an anatomical part of the eye.

مردم در خیابان هستند، اما مردمک در چشم است.

مردمک vs مردک

Sound similarity.

'Mardak' is often a derogatory term for a man, whereas 'Mardumak' is the pupil.

او یک مردک بی‌ادب است (He is a rude little man).

مردمک vs موژک

Anatomical proximity.

'Mozhak' (or Mozheh) is the eyelash.

موژه از مردمک محافظت می‌کند.

مردمک vs قرنیه

Both are eye parts.

Cornea (outer layer) vs Pupil (opening).

قرنیه روی مردمک را می‌پوشاند.

مردمک vs عدسی

Both are internal eye parts.

Lens (focuses light) vs Pupil (lets light in).

نور از مردمک عبور کرده و به عدسی می‌رسد.

Structures de phrases

[Noun] [Adjective] [Verb].

مردمک سیاه است.

مردمک در [Place] [Verb].

مردمک در تاریکی بزرگ می‌شود.

وقتی [Clause], مردمک [Verb].

وقتی نور زیاد است، مردمک تنگ می‌شود.

[Noun] باعث [Noun] مردمک می‌شود.

ترس باعث گشاد شدن مردمک می‌شود.

مردمک که [Clause], [Main Clause].

مردمک که دریچه نور است، بسیار حساس می‌باشد.

اگرچه [Clause], اما واکنش‌های مردمکی [Main Clause].

اگرچه ظاهر ساده‌ای دارد، اما واکنش‌های مردمکی بسیار پیچیده هستند.

Mixed

آیا مردمک [Possessive] [Adjective] است؟

آیا مردمک چشم شما سالم است؟

Mixed

دکتر مردمک را [Verb].

دکتر مردمک را معاینه کرد.

Famille de mots

Noms

مردمک

مردم

مردمان

مردم‌شناسی

مردمک‌سنج

Verbes

مردمک را گشاد کردن

مردمک را تنگ کردن

Adjectifs

مردمی

مردمک‌مانند

Apparenté

چشم

عنبیه

شبکیه

بینایی

نور

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Common in medical, scientific, and literary contexts; rare in casual street slang.

Erreurs courantes

Using Mardumak for a student. → Danesh-amuz / Shagerd
Persian does not share the double meaning of the English word 'pupil'.
Saying 'Mardum-e chashm' in a medical exam. → Mardumak-e chashm
'Mardum-e chashm' is poetic and might sound out of place in a modern clinic.
Pronouncing it as 'Mardoomak'. → Mardumak (short u/o)
A long 'oo' sound changes the natural flow of the word and can sound like a different root.
Confusing Mardumak with Enabiyeh (Iris). → Mardumak (Pupil)
The pupil is the hole; the iris is the color. Using them interchangeably is incorrect.
Forgetting the 'ak' suffix. → Mardumak
'Mardum' alone just means 'people'. The 'ak' is essential for the anatomical meaning.

Astuces

Use Ezafe

When connecting 'Mardumak' to 'Chashm' (eye), always use the Ezafe: Mardumak-e chashm.

Pair with Verbs

Learn 'Mardumak' together with 'goshad shodan' (dilate) and 'tang shodan' (constrict).

The Reflection Trick

Remember the word by looking for your reflection in a friend's eye—that's the 'little person' (Mardumak).

Poetic Depth

If you read Hafez, look for 'Mardum-e chashm'; it's the poetic cousin of this word.

Short Vowels

Don't say 'Mardo-o-omak'. Keep the middle vowel short and crisp.

Clinical Terms

In a hospital, you might hear 'Pupillary Reflex' translated as 'Refleks-e Mardumak'.

Not a Student

Remind yourself daily: Mardumak is an eye part, NOT a student in a classroom.

Light and Dark

Associate the word with lighting conditions to remember its biological function.

Spelling

The word ends in 'Kaf' (ک), not 'Ghaf' (ق). Be careful with the final letter.

Small People

Mardum (People) + Ak (Small) = Small People of the Eye.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Mardum' (people) + 'ak' (small). There is a 'small person' living inside your eye! That small person is the pupil.

Association visuelle

Visualize a tiny mirror in the center of an eye where a small person is standing. That tiny spot is the 'Mardumak'.

Word Web

چشم (Eye) نور (Light) سیاه (Black) انعکاس (Reflection) عنبیه (Iris) دیدن (To see) مردم (People) کوچک (Small)

Défi

Try to use 'مردمک' in three different sentences today: one about light, one about a doctor, and one about an emotion like fear.

Origine du mot

The word is composed of 'Mardum' (person/human) and the diminutive suffix '-ak'. It dates back to Middle Persian (Pahlavi) where a similar construction was used.

Sens originel : Little person or little human.

Indo-European (Indo-Iranian branch).

Contexte culturel

No specific sensitivities, but avoid using it to refer to people/students.

English speakers use 'pupil' for both students and eyes, which can be confusing. In Persian, 'Mardumak' is only for the eye.

Hafez: Mentioning 'Mardum-e chashm' in his ghazals. Rumi: Using the eye as a metaphor for spiritual perception. Modern Iranian Cinema: Close-ups of eyes in Kiarostami's films.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

At the Eye Doctor

مردمک‌هایم را چک کنید.
آیا مردمک من طبیعی است؟
نور مردمک را اذیت می‌کند.
قطره برای گشاد کردن مردمک.

Describing Emotions

مردمک‌هایش از ترس گشاد شد.
برق در مردمک‌هایش بود.
مردمک‌هایش می‌لرزید.
نگاهی عمیق به مردمک‌ها.

Biology Class

وظیفه مردمک چیست؟
مردمک نور را عبور می‌دهد.
تغییر قطر مردمک.
ماهیچه‌های اطراف مردمک.

Photography/Physics

مانند مردمک چشم.
دریچه و مردمک.
تمرکز روی مردمک.
انعکاس در مردمک.

Poetry

ای مردمک چشم من.
در میان مردمک.
سوادِ مردمک (The blackness of the pupil).
مردمِ چشمِ من.

Amorces de conversation

"آیا می‌دانستید کلمه مردمک به معنای انسان کوچک است؟"

"چرا مردمک چشم گربه‌ها در شب انقدر بزرگ می‌شود؟"

"تا به حال به مردمک چشم خودت در آینه دقت کردی؟"

"به نظرت چرا مردمک‌ها وقتی کسی را دوست داریم گشاد می‌شوند؟"

"دکتر به تو قطره برای گشاد کردن مردمک داده است؟"

Sujets d'écriture

درباره زمانی بنویسید که از ترس یا هیجان، تغییر را در چشمان (مردمک‌های) کسی دیدید.

چرا شاعران از کلمه مردمک برای توصیف عشق استفاده می‌کنند؟ نظر خود را بنویسید.

یک متن کوتاه علمی درباره نحوه کارکرد مردمک به زبان فارسی بنویسید.

اگر مردمک چشم می‌توانست حرف بزند، چه رازهایی را فاش می‌کرد؟

تفاوت بین 'مردم' و 'مردمک' را در یک پاراگراف توضیح دهید.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, 'Mardumak' only refers to the pupil of the eye. For a student, you should use 'danesh-amuz' or 'shagerd'. This is a common mistake for English speakers because 'pupil' has two meanings in English.

It is based on the reflection you see of yourself when looking into someone else's eye. Ancient Persians, like many other cultures, saw this tiny reflection and called it a 'little person' (Mardum + ak).

You say 'مردمک‌های گشاد' (Mardumak-ha-ye goshad). The verb 'goshad shodan' is used for the action of dilating.

Yes, it is the standard and formal word for the pupil. In very informal speech, people might just say 'siyahi-ye chashm' (the black of the eye), but 'Mardumak' is understood by everyone.

Absolutely. It is a very poetic word. However, classical poets often preferred the slightly more archaic 'Mardum-e chashm'.

The plural is 'مردمک‌ها' (Mardumak-ha). You use this when talking about both eyes or the pupils of multiple people.

No, in this context, the 'ak' is purely diminutive and descriptive. It is not like 'Mardak' which can be derogatory. It is a standard anatomical term.

It is a short 'u' or 'o' sound. In Tehran dialect, it often sounds like 'o' (Mardomak). In more formal or Dari Persian, it is a clear 'u'.

A doctor might say 'به نور نگاه کن' (Look at the light) or 'واکنش مردمک‌ها خوب است' (The pupil reactions are good).

No, it is not used as a human name in Persian culture, though 'Mardum' is a root in some older names.

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