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B1 adjective 14 min de lecture

푸르스름하다

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Exemples
Explication 푸르스름하다 in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning their journey into the Korean language. The primary focus is on basic survival vocabulary, simple greetings, and highly common everyday words. The word 푸르스름하다 (bluish or greenish) is generally considered too complex and specific for an absolute beginner. At this stage, learners are taught the fundamental, primary color words such as 파란색 (blue), 초록색 (green), 빨간색 (red), and 노란색 (yellow). They learn how to make simple sentences like '사과가 빨개요' (The apple is red) or '하늘이 파라요' (The sky is blue). Introducing a descriptive adjective with a complex suffix like -스름하다 would likely overwhelm an A1 student, as they are still mastering basic verb conjugations and sentence structures. If an A1 learner encounters a situation where they need to describe something bluish, they are encouraged to simply use the base color word '파란색' and perhaps add a basic modifier like '조금' (a little), saying '조금 파란색이에요' (It is a little blue). This communicates the core idea effectively without requiring the advanced vocabulary and conjugation rules associated with descriptive verbs. The focus remains on building a solid foundation before adding nuanced, descriptive layers.
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As learners progress to the A2 level, they start to expand their vocabulary beyond the absolute basics and begin to describe their surroundings in slightly more detail. They are comfortable with basic conjugations and can form sentences about daily routines, preferences, and simple descriptions. While 푸르스름하다 is still on the challenging side for this level, A2 learners might begin to encounter it in simplified reading materials or when discussing specific, common topics like health or food. For instance, they might learn that unripe fruit is not just 'green' but has a specific term, though they might still rely heavily on simpler words like '안 익은' (unripe) or simply '초록색' (green). An A2 learner might understand the word if it is explained to them in context—for example, pointing to a bruise and saying '푸르스름해요'—but they are unlikely to produce it spontaneously in conversation. The primary goal at this stage is still to master the base color adjectives (파랗다, 하얗다, 까맣다) and their irregular conjugations (the 'ㅎ' irregular verbs). However, introducing the concept that Korean has specific words for 'bluish' or 'reddish' sets the stage for the more advanced vocabulary they will tackle at the B1 level.
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The B1 level is the sweet spot for learning and actively using 푸르스름하다. At this intermediate stage, learners have a solid grasp of basic grammar and are actively seeking ways to make their Korean sound more natural, expressive, and nuanced. They are moving away from simple, black-and-white descriptions and want to express shades of meaning. This is exactly what 푸르스름하다 provides. B1 learners are taught the -스름하다 suffix and how it functions similarly to the English '-ish'. They learn to apply this word to common, practical situations: describing the dawn sky, talking about a fading bruise, mentioning someone's pale complexion when they are cold, or discussing the ripeness of fruit at the market. They practice conjugating it into its noun-modifying form (푸르스름한) to create more complex noun phrases like '푸르스름한 빛' (bluish light). At this level, the word transitions from being a passive vocabulary item to an active tool for storytelling and description. Teachers will often pair this word with its counterparts like 불그스름하다 (reddish) to help students recognize the pattern and rapidly expand their descriptive vocabulary. Mastery of this word marks a significant step toward fluency.
By the B2 level, upper-intermediate learners are expected to understand and use 푸르스름하다 with ease and accuracy in a wide variety of contexts. They are no longer just using it for simple physical descriptions like bruises or unripe fruit; they are beginning to appreciate its atmospheric and emotional resonance. B2 learners will encounter this word frequently in authentic Korean materials, such as news articles, contemporary fiction, poetry, and dramas. They understand how the word can set a mood—conveying the chill of a winter morning, the eerie glow of a television screen, or the melancholic feeling of twilight. Furthermore, at the B2 level, learners are introduced to the nuances of vowel harmony in Korean color words. They learn to distinguish between the slightly darker, heavier feel of 푸르스름하다 and the lighter, brighter feel of its counterpart 파르스름하다. They also learn related, more specific terms like 푸르죽죽하다 (dull, dark bluish/greenish) and understand when it is appropriate to use each. Their ability to choose the exact right color word based on the context, the desired mood, and the subtle shade of the object demonstrates a high level of linguistic competence and cultural understanding.
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At the C1 advanced level, learners possess a near-native command of the language. Their use of 푸르스름하다 is effortless, precise, and stylistically appropriate. They understand the deep cultural and historical context of the root word '푸르다', recognizing how it encapsulates both blue and green in the Korean linguistic worldview. C1 learners can engage in complex literary analysis, discussing how an author uses '푸르스름한 새벽' (the bluish dawn) to symbolize a new beginning or a sense of isolation. They can use the word in sophisticated writing, seamlessly integrating it into descriptive essays, creative writing, or formal presentations without it sounding forced or out of place. Furthermore, they are adept at using the adverbial form, 푸르스름하게, to describe subtle changes in state or visual perception, such as '어둠 속에서 산등성이가 푸르스름하게 떠올랐다' (The mountain ridge emerged bluishly in the darkness). At this level, the focus is on the aesthetic and poetic qualities of the word, using it not just to convey information, but to paint a vivid, sensory picture in the mind of the listener or reader, demonstrating true mastery of Korean descriptive language.
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The C2 level represents mastery and fluency equivalent to a highly educated native speaker. For a C2 learner, 푸르스름하다 is deeply ingrained in their linguistic repertoire. They not only use the word flawlessly in all possible grammatical forms and contexts, but they also intuitively understand its collocations, idioms, and subtle emotional undertones. They can play with the language, perhaps inventing novel descriptions or using the word metaphorically in ways that native speakers would instantly recognize and appreciate. A C2 speaker might use the word to describe the cold, detached atmosphere of a corporate boardroom or the fading, nostalgic memory of a childhood evening. They are fully aware of the sociolinguistic aspects of the word, knowing exactly when it sounds poetic, when it sounds clinical, and when it sounds casual. They can contrast it effortlessly with highly obscure or archaic color terms if necessary. At this pinnacle of language learning, words like 푸르스름하다 are the tools with which the speaker crafts beautiful, precise, and culturally resonant communication, proving that they have not just learned the vocabulary, but have internalized the very soul of the Korean language.
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Exemples
When you begin learning Korean, you quickly realize that the language has an incredibly rich and nuanced vocabulary for describing colors. The word 푸르스름하다 is a perfect example of this linguistic depth. To truly understand what it means and when people use it, we must first look at its root word, 푸르다. In Korean, 푸르다 is a unique color adjective because it historically encompasses both what English speakers would call blue and what they would call green. For instance, Koreans say 푸른 하늘 to mean blue sky, but they also say 푸른 산 to mean green mountain. This historical merging of blue and green into a single conceptual category is known as grue in linguistics, and it forms the foundation of 푸르스름하다. The suffix -스름하다 is added to color roots to indicate that the color is faint, subtle, or mixed with other shades, very much like the English suffix -ish. Therefore, 푸르스름하다 translates to bluish or greenish, describing something that has a faint blue or green tint rather than being a solid, vibrant primary color.
Visual Application
People use this word to describe the faint blue light of the sky just before dawn, the subtle greenish-blue tint of a healing bruise on the skin, or the pale, slightly blue complexion of someone who is very cold or feeling unwell.

새벽 하늘이 푸르스름하다.

The usage of this word extends far beyond simple descriptions of objects. It carries a mood. In literature and poetry, describing the dawn as 푸르스름하다 evokes a sense of quiet, stillness, and the chilly, fresh air of the early morning. It is a highly atmospheric word. When describing a person's face, saying their lips or skin is 푸르스름하다 immediately conveys to the listener that the person is freezing cold, terrified, or sick, lacking the healthy pink or red tones of normal blood circulation.
Emotional Resonance
The word often carries a slightly melancholic, cold, or eerie undertone when applied to human features or dark, shadowy environments.

추위 때문에 입술이 푸르스름하게 변했다.

You will often hear this word in daily life when people are discussing the ripeness of fruits. For example, a plum or a tangerine that is not quite ripe yet might have a bluish or greenish tint to its skin, prompting someone to describe it as 푸르스름하다. This indicates that it needs more time to ripen and turn its true, vibrant color.

아직 덜 익어서 과일이 푸르스름하다.

Another common situation where you will encounter this word is in the context of injuries. When you bump your arm or leg, the resulting bruise goes through several color changes. Before it turns deep purple or yellow, it often has a faint bluish-green appearance. A Korean speaker would look at that fading or developing bruise and describe the skin as 푸르스름하다.
Medical Context
It is frequently used to describe veins, bruises, and pale skin, making it a useful descriptive term in casual medical or health-related conversations.

멍이 들어서 피부가 푸르스름하다.

Furthermore, the word is used in artistic and descriptive writing to paint a picture of the environment. The distant mountains at twilight, the color of the ocean on a cloudy day, or the eerie glow of a television screen in a dark room can all be described using this versatile adjective. By mastering 푸르스름하다, you unlock a higher level of descriptive capability in Korean, allowing you to express subtle visual nuances that go far beyond basic color vocabulary.

멀리 보이는 산맥이 푸르스름하게 보였다.

Understanding the cultural and visual context of this word is essential for any intermediate Korean learner aiming to speak more naturally and descriptively.
Using 푸르스름하다 correctly in sentences requires a solid understanding of Korean adjective conjugation rules. Because it is a descriptive verb (adjective) ending in -하다, it follows the standard conjugation patterns for -하다 verbs, but with the added nuance of being a descriptive word rather than an action word. Let us explore the various ways this word can be integrated into your Korean sentences, starting with its role as a predicate at the end of a sentence. When you want to state that something is bluish, you will conjugate it based on the formality level you are using. In the formal polite form, you say 푸르스름합니다. In the standard polite form, which is the most common in daily conversation, you say 푸르스름해요. In the informal, casual form used with close friends or younger people, you simply say 푸르스름해.
Predicate Usage
When placed at the end of a sentence, it describes the subject. The conjugation changes only based on politeness and tense, not on gender or number.

저녁 하늘이 푸르스름해요.

However, adjectives in Korean are very frequently used to modify nouns directly. To do this, you must change the dictionary form into its noun-modifying form. For -하다 adjectives, you drop the -다 and add -ㄴ to the stem, resulting in 푸르스름한. This form is placed immediately before the noun it describes. For example, if you want to talk about a bluish light, you would say 푸르스름한 빛. If you are describing a greenish bruise, you would say 푸르스름한 멍. This structure is incredibly common and is essential for building complex, descriptive sentences.
Noun Modification
Transforming the adjective into 푸르스름한 allows you to attach it directly to a noun, creating vivid, descriptive phrases that enhance your storytelling.

푸르스름한 새벽 공기가 차갑다.

Another crucial way to use this word is as an adverb. In Korean, adjectives can be transformed into adverbs by adding -게 to the stem. So, 푸르스름하다 becomes 푸르스름하게. This form is used to describe how an action appears or how something changes state. For instance, if you want to say that the sky is glowing bluish, you would say 하늘이 푸르스름하게 빛난다. If someone's face turned pale and bluish from the cold, you could say 얼굴이 푸르스름하게 변했다. This adverbial usage is particularly powerful for describing transitions and visual effects over time.
Adverbial Usage
By using 푸르스름하게, you can modify verbs like 빛나다 (to shine), 보이다 (to appear/look), and 변하다 (to change).

달빛이 방 안을 푸르스름하게 비추고 있었다.

Let us look at a few more complex sentence structures. You can use the grammatical pattern -어/아 보이다 to say that something looks bluish. The conjugation would be 푸르스름해 보이다. For example, 저 산은 멀어서 푸르스름해 보여요 means That mountain looks bluish because it is far away. You can also use it with conditional structures, such as 푸르스름하면 (if it is bluish) or 푸르스름하지만 (it is bluish, but).

이 과일은 아직 푸르스름하지만 먹을 수 있어요.

By mastering these different conjugations—predicate, noun modifier, adverb, and complex grammar patterns—you will be able to use 푸르스름하다 fluently in a wide variety of contexts, making your Korean sound much more natural and expressive.

얼굴이 너무 푸르스름해 보여서 걱정했어요.

Practice writing your own sentences using these different forms to solidify your understanding of how this beautiful color adjective functions within the Korean language framework.
While 푸르스름하다 might seem like a highly specific literary word at first glance, it is actually quite common in everyday Korean conversations, media, and literature. Understanding the contexts in which native speakers naturally use this word will help you recognize it when you hear it and give you the confidence to use it yourself. One of the most frequent places you will hear this word is in casual conversations about health and physical appearance. When someone is very cold, sick, or has poor circulation, their skin, particularly around the lips or under the eyes, can take on a pale, bluish tint. A concerned friend or family member might say, 얼굴이 푸르스름한데, 괜찮아? (Your face looks bluish, are you okay?).
Health and Wellness
It is a standard descriptive term for pale, cold, or bruised skin, making it common in caring, concerned conversations among friends and family.

입술이 푸르스름해질 때까지 수영을 했다.

Another very common everyday context is in the kitchen or at the grocery store. When selecting fruits or vegetables, the color is the primary indicator of ripeness. If a fruit that is supposed to be red or yellow, like a peach, a plum, or a banana, still has a slightly green or bluish tint, a Korean speaker will use 푸르스름하다 to describe it. You might hear a market vendor say, 이건 아직 푸르스름해서 내일 드세요 (This one is still a bit green, so eat it tomorrow).
Food and Cooking
It is practically indispensable when discussing the ripeness of produce, serving as the perfect word to describe the transitional color of unripe fruit.

바나나가 아직 푸르스름하다.

Beyond these practical, everyday uses, you will encounter 푸르스름하다 extensively in Korean media, such as dramas, movies, and novels. In literature, authors use it to set a specific mood or atmosphere. It is frequently paired with descriptions of the sky at dawn (새벽) or dusk (해질녘). The period just before the sun rises, known as the blue hour in English photography, is perfectly captured by the phrase 푸르스름한 새벽. You will read sentences describing the cold, crisp air and the faint, bluish light creeping over the horizon.

푸르스름한 어둠 속에서 누군가 걸어왔다.

In visual media, such as Korean dramas, you might hear this word used by characters commenting on the lighting or the environment. For example, if characters are exploring a dark, abandoned building lit only by moonlight, one might say, 조명이 너무 푸르스름해서 무서워 (The lighting is so bluish, it is scary). The word naturally lends itself to descriptions of eerie, cold, or mysterious atmospheres.
Atmosphere and Mood
It is a powerful tool for setting the scene, often used to describe moonlight, shadows, distant scenery, and cold environments.

방 안이 텔레비전 불빛으로 푸르스름하게 빛났다.

Finally, you will hear it in descriptions of nature. South Korea is a mountainous country, and the phenomenon of distant mountains appearing blue or purple due to atmospheric perspective is a common sight. Koreans often describe these distant peaks as 푸르스름하다. By paying attention to these contexts—health, food, literature, atmosphere, and nature—you will begin to notice this word popping up everywhere, enriching your understanding of how Koreans perceive and describe the world around them.

창밖으로 푸르스름한 산봉우리가 보였다.

The versatility of this word makes it a fantastic addition to your intermediate Korean vocabulary.
When learning a highly descriptive and nuanced word like 푸르스름하다, English speakers often fall into a few predictable traps. These mistakes usually stem from a misunderstanding of how Korean color adjectives function, confusion about the exact hue the word represents, or grammatical errors in conjugation. Let us break down the most common pitfalls so you can avoid them and use the word like a native speaker. The first and most prevalent mistake is confusing 푸르스름하다 with the base color word 파랗다 (blue) or 초록색이다 (green). Students often think that if something is blue, they can just use 푸르스름하다 to sound more advanced. This is incorrect.
Intensity Confusion
푸르스름하다 specifically means that the color is faint, subtle, or tinged. It is not a solid, bright color. You would not use it to describe a bright blue car or a vibrant green t-shirt.

Incorrect: 내 차는 푸르스름하다. (Implies your car is a faint, sickly bluish tint). Correct: 내 차는 파랗다.

Another major source of confusion is the dual nature of the root word 푸르다, which encompasses both blue and green. English speakers often struggle with when 푸르스름하다 means bluish and when it means greenish. The context is entirely dependent on the noun it describes. If you are talking about the dawn sky, veins, or cold lips, it means bluish. If you are talking about unripe fruit, fading bruises (which can be greenish), or distant foliage, it leans towards greenish.
Contextual Meaning
Failing to rely on context to determine the exact hue can lead to translation confusion. Trust the noun being modified to guide the color interpretation.

사과가 푸르스름하다. (Here, it definitely means greenish, not bluish).

Grammatically, learners frequently make mistakes when conjugating the word to modify a noun. Because it is a long word ending in -하다, some students mistakenly treat it as an action verb and try to use the -는 modifier (푸르스름하는), which is entirely grammatically incorrect. Adjectives ending in -하다 must take the -ㄴ or -은 modifier. Since the stem ends in a vowel (하), it takes -ㄴ, becoming 푸르스름한.

Incorrect: 푸르스름하는 빛. Correct: 푸르스름한 빛.

Furthermore, students sometimes mix up the spelling. The suffix is -스름하다, but because of pronunciation rules and the similarity to other words, students might spell it as 푸르스럼하다 or 푸르슴하다. Paying strict attention to the spelling -스름 is crucial, as this suffix is used across a whole family of color words (e.g., 불그스름하다 for reddish, 노르스름하다 for yellowish).
Spelling Errors
Incorrect spelling can lead to confusion in written Korean. The correct block is 름 (reum), not 럼 (reom) or 름 (rum).

그의 안색이 푸르스름했다.

Finally, a stylistic mistake is overusing the word. Because it is a highly descriptive, slightly poetic word, using it too frequently in mundane, everyday conversation can sound unnatural or overly dramatic. Reserve it for when you truly need to describe a subtle tint, an atmosphere, or a specific physical state like being cold or bruised. By being mindful of these common errors regarding intensity, context, grammar, spelling, and stylistic frequency, you will master the use of this beautiful Korean adjective.

새벽의 푸르스름한 안개가 걷히고 있다.

Practice identifying the correct context, and you will soon use it flawlessly.
The Korean language is famous for its vast array of color-descriptive words, often utilizing various suffixes and vowel harmonies to express slight differences in shade, intensity, and feeling. When studying 푸르스름하다, it is highly beneficial to look at its synonyms, related words, and alternatives to fully grasp the spectrum of Korean color vocabulary. The most direct relative is the root word itself, 푸르다. As discussed, 푸르다 means blue or green, but it represents a clear, distinct color rather than a subtle tint. If the sky is a brilliant, clear blue, you use 푸르다 (푸른 하늘). If it is a faint, hazy blue at dawn, you use 푸르스름하다.
Root Comparison
푸르다 is the strong, base color. 푸르스름하다 is the weak, tinted version. Use the root for solid colors and the suffixed version for shades and tints.

바다가 푸르다 vs. 멍이 푸르스름하다.

A closely related synonym that demonstrates this vowel harmony is 파르스름하다. Notice the change from the dark vowel ㅜ (u) in 푸 to the light vowel ㅏ (a) in 파. While both mean bluish, 파르스름하다 conveys a slightly lighter, brighter, and perhaps more delicate bluish tint compared to the slightly darker, deeper nuance of 푸르스름하다. For example, you might use 파르스름하다 to describe a very light, almost pastel blue tint on a piece of fabric, whereas 푸르스름하다 fits better for the deeper tint of a bruise or the twilight sky.
Vowel Harmony
파르스름하다 is the light-vowel counterpart, indicating a brighter, lighter bluish shade.

새벽빛이 파르스름하게 밝아온다.

Another variation is 푸르죽죽하다. This word takes the root 푸르 and adds the suffix -죽죽하다, which implies that the color is uneven, dull, dark, and often unpleasant or unappealing. While 푸르스름하다 can be neutral or even poetic and beautiful (like the dawn), 푸르죽죽하다 is almost always negative. You would use it to describe a nasty, dark, uneven bruise, a sickly complexion, or rotten, discolored food. It translates closer to a dull, murky blue/green.
Negative Connotation
Use 푸르죽죽하다 when the bluish/greenish color is ugly, dull, uneven, or associated with sickness and decay.

얼굴빛이 푸르죽죽하다.

It is also useful to compare it with completely different color roots to understand the system. Just as 푸르스름하다 means bluish/greenish, 불그스름하다 means reddish. If a peach is unripe, it is 푸르스름하다. As it ripens, it becomes 불그스름하다 (reddish). This parallel structure makes it easy to learn Korean color words in sets. By understanding these alternatives—the bright 파르스름하다, the ugly 푸르죽죽하다, the solid 푸르다, and the parallel structures like 불그스름하다—you gain a much more precise and native-like command over how to describe the visual world in Korean.

복숭아가 푸르스름하다가 점차 붉어졌다.

Master these subtle differences, and your descriptive abilities will soar.

하늘이 푸르스름한 빛을 띠고 있다.

These nuances are what make the Korean language so beautifully expressive.
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Exemples par niveau

1

이것은 파란색입니다.

This is blue. (Using the basic color word instead of the complex one)

A1 learners use basic color nouns/adjectives like 파란색 (blue color).

2

저것은 초록색입니다.

That is green.

Basic color identification.

3

사과가 초록색이에요.

The apple is green.

Using color as a predicate with -이에요.

4

하늘이 파라요.

The sky is blue.

Basic irregular ㅎ conjugation for 파랗다.

5

조금 파란색이에요.

It is a little blue.

Using 조금 (a little) to express a tint.

6

바다가 파랗습니다.

The sea is blue.

Formal basic adjective.

7

이 과일은 초록색이에요.

This fruit is green.

Describing objects with basic colors.

8

파란색 펜이 있어요.

I have a blue pen.

Basic noun modification with colors.

1

사과가 아직 초록색이라서 못 먹어요.

The apple is still green, so I can't eat it.

Using basic colors to describe ripeness with -아/어서 reason clause.

2

얼굴이 조금 파랗게 보여요.

Your face looks a little blue.

Using -게 보이다 (looks like).

3

멍이 들어서 파란색이 되었어요.

I got a bruise, so it became blue.

Using 이/가 되다 (to become).

4

아침 하늘이 조금 파랗습니다.

The morning sky is a little blue.

Describing time of day with colors.

5

이 바나나는 아직 안 익었어요.

This banana is not ripe yet.

Expressing the concept of unripe without the specific word.

6

추워서 입술이 파랗게 변했어요.

It's cold, so my lips turned blue.

Using -게 변하다 (turned into).

7

저 산은 파란색으로 보여요.

That mountain looks blue.

Using -(으)로 보이다.

8

파란빛이 나는 전등이에요.

It's a lamp that emits blue light.

Using 빛이 나다 (light emits).

1

멍이 들어서 피부가 푸르스름해요.

My skin is bluish because I got a bruise.

Using 푸르스름하다 as a polite predicate (-해요).

2

저녁 하늘이 푸르스름하게 변하고 있습니다.

The evening sky is turning bluish.

Using the adverbial form 푸르스름하게 with 변하다.

3

아직 덜 익어서 과일이 푸르스름하다.

The fruit is bluish/greenish because it is not fully ripe yet.

Using the plain form -다 for general statements.

4

푸르스름한 새벽 공기가 아주 차갑네요.

The bluish dawn air is very cold.

Using the noun modifier form 푸르스름한.

5

추위 때문에 그의 입술이 푸르스름해졌어요.

His lips became bluish because of the cold.

Using the -아/어지다 pattern to show a change in state.

6

멀리 보이는 산맥이 푸르스름해 보입니다.

The mountain range seen in the distance looks bluish.

Using -아/어 보이다 (looks/appears).

7

방 안이 텔레비전 불빛으로 푸르스름했다.

The room was bluish from the television light.

Past tense conjugation 푸르스름했다.

8

이 복숭아는 아직 푸르스름해서 내일 먹어야 해요.

This peach is still greenish, so we have to eat it tomorrow.

Using -아/어서 to connect clauses (reason).

1

달빛이 창문을 넘어와 방바닥을 푸르스름하게 비추었다.

The moonlight came through the window and illuminated the floor bluishly.

Advanced adverbial usage describing lighting effects.

2

그녀의 창백한 얼굴에는 푸르스름한 정맥이 비쳐 보였다.

Bluish veins were visible through her pale face.

Describing subtle anatomical details using the modifier form.

3

안개가 낀 숲은 온통 푸르스름한 빛으로 가득 차 있었다.

The foggy forest was entirely filled with a bluish light.

Creating atmospheric descriptions in writing.

4

시간이 지나면서 멍이 보라색에서 푸르스름한 색으로 옅어졌다.

As time passed, the bruise faded from purple to a bluish color.

Describing a transition of color over time.

5

동쪽 하늘이 푸르스름해지는 것을 보니 곧 해가 뜰 것 같다.

Seeing the eastern sky becoming bluish, it seems the sun will rise soon.

Using -아/어지는 것을 보다 (seeing it become).

6

오래된 흑백 사진 속 풍경은 왠지 모르게 푸르스름한 느낌을 주었다.

The scenery in the old black-and-white photo somehow gave a bluish feeling.

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