거룩하다 en 30 secondes
- 거룩하다 means to be holy, sacred, or consecrated to God.
- It describes something pure and set apart for religious purposes.
- Primarily used in religious contexts, it denotes profound reverence.
- Commonly heard in churches, religious texts, and discussions about divinity.
Understanding '거룩하다' (Georukhada) - To Be Holy
The Korean adjective 거룩하다 (georukhada) translates directly to 'to be holy' in English. It describes something or someone that is sacred, consecrated, or dedicated to a divine purpose, often in a religious context. This word carries a profound sense of reverence and sanctity, setting it apart from ordinary things. It's used to denote a state of being set apart, pure, and worthy of worship or deep respect due to its connection with the divine.
In religious settings, particularly within Christianity and other faiths, 거룩하다 is frequently used to describe God, holy places like churches or temples, sacred objects such as scriptures or relics, and individuals who are considered saints or have a special divine calling. For instance, the phrase '하나님은 거룩하시다' (Hananim-eun georukhasida) means 'God is holy,' emphasizing His absolute purity and divine nature. Similarly, a priest or a monk might be described as living a 거룩하다 life, indicating their devotion and commitment to religious vows and practices.
- Religious Connotation
- Primarily used in contexts related to divinity, worship, and spiritual purity. It signifies a state that is divinely pure and set apart from the mundane.
- Beyond Religion
- While its core meaning is religious, in a broader sense, it can sometimes be used metaphorically to describe something exceptionally pure, noble, or of immense moral value, though this usage is less common and requires careful context.
예수님은 거룩하다고 믿습니다.
The concept of 거룩하다 is central to many religious traditions, emphasizing the separation of the sacred from the profane. It's not just about being good; it's about a fundamental state of purity and divine connection that makes something or someone worthy of ultimate reverence. When you encounter this word, think of a deep, unwavering sense of sacredness and purity that transcends the ordinary aspects of life.
성경은 하나님의 말씀이 거룩하다고 말합니다.
Understanding the nuances of 거룩하다 involves recognizing its strong ties to spiritual and religious discourse. It's a term that elevates the subject matter, indicating a level of sanctity that commands awe and deep respect. It's not a word used lightly or for everyday descriptions; its application signifies something of profound spiritual importance.
Using '거룩하다' in Korean Sentences
The adjective 거룩하다 (georukhada) is used to describe something as holy, sacred, or consecrated. It's most commonly found in religious contexts but can sometimes be used metaphorically for things of extreme purity or sanctity. Let's explore how to incorporate it into your Korean sentences.
Basic Sentence Structure
The basic structure involves placing the subject before 거룩하다. You can use particles like '은/는' (eun/neun) or '이/가' (i/ga) to mark the subject. The verb form can be conjugated into various tenses and politeness levels.
- Present Tense (Informal)
- Subject + 은/는 + 거룩하다 (conjugated to 거룩해).
- Present Tense (Formal)
- Subject + 은/는 + 거룩하다 (conjugated to 거룩합니다).
이곳은 매우 거룩하다.
Examples in different contexts:
- Describing God: 하나님은 모든 것보다 더 거룩하시다. (Hananim-eun modeun geotboda deo georukhasida.) - God is holier than everything. (Using the honorific form '거룩하시다' when referring to God.)
- Describing a place: 성당은 거룩한 장소입니다. (Seongdang-eun georukhan jangso-imnida.) - A cathedral is a holy place. (Using the attributive form '거룩한' to modify '장소' - place.)
- Describing an action or life: 그는 거룩한 삶을 살기로 결심했습니다. (Geu-neun georukhan salm-eul salgiro gyeolsimhaetseumnida.) - He decided to live a holy life.
- Describing an object: 이 성물은 거룩하다고 여겨집니다. (I seongmul-eun georukhada-go yeogyeojimnida.) - This sacred object is considered holy.
Attributive Form
To use 거룩하다 as an adjective modifying a noun, you change it to 거룩한 (georukhan).
- Example
- 그녀는 거룩한 마음을 가지고 있습니다. (Geunyeo-neun georukhan ma-eum-eul gajigo itseumnida.) - She has a holy heart.
Past Tense
To indicate that something was holy, use the past tense conjugation.
- Example
- 그곳은 옛날에 거룩했었다. (Geugos-eun yetnal-e geurokhaetseotda.) - That place was holy in the past.
이 성스러운 의식은 매우 거룩하다.
Remember that 거룩하다 is a strong word, typically reserved for religious or deeply spiritual contexts. Using it appropriately will add depth and reverence to your Korean expressions.
Encountering '거룩하다' in the Real World
The word 거룩하다 (georukhada), meaning 'holy' or 'sacred,' is most frequently encountered in specific environments and contexts. Understanding these settings will help you grasp its true significance and usage.
Religious Services and Sermons
This is by far the most common place to hear 거룩하다. During Christian church services, sermons often refer to God as 거룩하다 (God is holy). Hymns and prayers frequently use this term to praise divine attributes. You'll hear phrases like '주님은 거룩하시도다' (Junim-eun georukhasidoda - Lord, you are holy) or discussions about 거룩한 commandments and 거룩한 sacrifice.
목사님은 하나님의 거룩함에 대해 설교하셨다.
Religious Texts and Literature
When reading religious scriptures like the Bible (성경 - Seonggyeong) or other sacred texts in Korean, 거룩하다 and its related forms appear frequently. These texts describe holy places, holy people, and the nature of the divine as inherently 거룩하다.
Discussions about Saints and Holy Figures
Conversations about saints, prophets, or revered religious figures will often use 거룩하다 to describe their lives, actions, or their status. For example, describing Mother Teresa's life as 거룩하다 would be appropriate in certain contexts.
- Example
- 그녀는 거룩한 삶을 살았다고 존경받습니다. (Geunyeo-neun georukhan salm-eul saratdago jon-gyeongbatseumnida.) - She is respected for having lived a holy life.
Descriptions of Sacred Places
Temples, churches, shrines, and other places of worship are often described as 거룩하다. This emphasizes their sanctity and their role as places set apart for spiritual practices.
사원은 매우 거룩한 분위기를 가지고 있습니다.
Metaphorical Usage (Less Common)
While less frequent, you might occasionally hear 거룩하다 used metaphorically to describe something of extreme purity, innocence, or noble character, especially in literature or poetry. However, its primary association remains deeply religious.
In summary, if you're engaging with Korean religious communities, reading religious materials, or discussing spiritual matters, you are very likely to encounter 거룩하다. It's a word that evokes a strong sense of reverence and the divine.
Avoiding Pitfalls with '거룩하다'
While 거룩하다 (georukhada) has a clear meaning of 'holy' or 'sacred,' learners can sometimes make mistakes in its application. Understanding these common errors will help you use the word more accurately and appropriately.
1. Overusing it for everyday positive qualities
Mistake: Using 거룩하다 to describe something merely 'good,' 'nice,' 'beautiful,' or 'excellent' in a non-religious context. For instance, calling a delicious meal or a beautiful painting 거룩하다 would be an overstatement and misapplication.
- Incorrect Example
- 이 케이크는 정말 거룩하다! (This cake is really holy!)
- Correct Usage
- 이 케이크는 정말 맛있다! (This cake is really delicious!)
Explanation: 거룩하다 carries a strong spiritual and sacred connotation. Use words like '맛있다' (masitda - delicious), '아름답다' (areumdapda - beautiful), or '훌륭하다' (hullyunghada - excellent) for general positive descriptions.
이 그림은 거룩하다.
2. Incorrect Honorifics
Mistake: Forgetting to use the honorific form 거룩하시다 (georukhasida) when referring to God or other highly revered religious figures.
- Incorrect Example
- 하나님은 거룩하다. (God is holy. - Lacks respect)
- Correct Usage
- 하나님은 거룩하시다. (God is holy. - Respectful)
Explanation: In Korean culture, showing respect to divine beings and highly esteemed individuals is crucial. Using the honorific suffix '-시-' (si) is standard practice.
3. Confusing with '성스럽다' (Seongseureopda)
Mistake: Sometimes learners might interchange 거룩하다 with 성스럽다 (seongseureopda), another word for 'sacred' or 'holy.' While similar, they can have slightly different nuances.
- Nuance Difference
- 거룩하다 often implies a deeper, more inherent purity and divine nature, often associated with God's essence. 성스럽다 can refer to things that are sacred due to ritual, tradition, or being consecrated, but might not carry the same weight of absolute divine purity as 거룩하다.
Explanation: While often interchangeable, it's good to be aware that 거룩하다 can feel more absolute and divine, while 성스럽다 can be used for a broader range of 'sacred' things. However, in many everyday religious contexts, they are used similarly.
4. Grammatical Errors with Attributive Form
Mistake: Incorrectly forming the attributive adjective (used before a noun).
- Incorrect Example
- 거룩한 장소 (Georuk-han jangso - Incorrect)
- Correct Usage
- 거룩한 장소 (Georukhan jangso - Correct)
Explanation: The attributive form is 거룩한 (georukhan), not '거룩' plus '한'.
그는 거룩한 사람입니다.
By being mindful of these common mistakes, you can ensure your use of 거룩하다 is accurate and respectful, especially in its intended religious contexts.
Exploring Words Similar to '거룩하다'
While 거룩하다 (georukhada) specifically means 'holy' or 'sacred' with a strong religious connotation, other Korean words can convey related ideas of sanctity, purity, or being set apart. Understanding these nuances helps in choosing the most precise term.
1. 성스럽다 (Seongseureopda) - Sacred, Holy
This is the most common alternative and often used interchangeably with 거룩하다. However, 성스럽다 can sometimes be used for things that are sacred due to tradition, ritual, or cultural significance, not necessarily implying the absolute divine purity that 거룩하다 often suggests.
- Comparison
- 거룩하다: Emphasizes inherent, absolute divine purity. Often used for God or divine beings.
- 성스럽다: Can refer to things that are sacred, revered, or solemn, often due to religious or cultural importance. It's a broader term for 'sacred'.
- Example
- 이곳은 매우 성스럽다. (Igoseun maeu seongseureopda.) - This place is very sacred. (Could be a temple, a historical site, etc.)
2. 순수하다 (Sunsuhada) - Pure, Innocent
While not directly meaning 'holy,' 순수하다 shares the aspect of purity. 거룩하다 implies a purity that is divinely ordained and set apart, whereas 순수하다 refers to a lack of contamination, innocence, or genuineness in a more general sense.
- Comparison
- 거룩하다: Divine purity, set apart for God.
- 순수하다: General purity, innocence, lack of corruption.
- Example
- 아이의 마음은 순수하다. (Ai-ui ma-eum-eun sunsuhada.) - A child's heart is pure.
3. 신성하다 (Sinseonghada) - Divine, Sacred, Holy
This word is very close in meaning to both 거룩하다 and 성스럽다. It strongly implies something related to divinity and the sacred. It is often used for divine things, heavenly beings, or highly sacred concepts.
- Comparison
- 거룩하다: Focuses on the inherent, absolute holiness and purity.
- 신성하다: Emphasizes the divine origin or connection, the sacredness conferred by divinity.
- 성스럽다: Broader 'sacred,' can include ritualistic or cultural sanctity.
- Example
- 천사는 신성하다. (Cheonsa-neun sinseonghada.) - Angels are divine.
4. 깨끗하다 (Kkaekkeuthada) - Clean, Pure
This is a much more common and general word for 'clean' or 'pure' in a physical or moral sense. While holiness implies purity, not all 'clean' things are holy. 깨끗하다 is used for physical cleanliness (e.g., a clean room) or moral purity (e.g., a clean conscience), but lacks the divine or sacred dimension of 거룩하다.
- Comparison
- 거룩하다: Divine, sacred, spiritually pure.
- 깨끗하다: Physically clean, morally pure (but not necessarily holy).
- Example
- 옷이 깨끗하다. (Ot-i kkaekkeuthada.) - The clothes are clean.
이 성물은 성스럽다.
Choosing the right word depends heavily on the specific nuance you wish to convey. While 거룩하다 is specific, its related terms offer a spectrum of meaning within the realm of sanctity and purity.
How Formal Is It?
Le savais-tu ?
The concept of holiness is universal across many cultures and religions, but the specific linguistic expression like '거룩하다' is unique to the Korean language. Its consistent use in religious contexts highlights the deep integration of spirituality within Korean culture.
Guide de prononciation
- Pronouncing the initial 'ㄱ' as a strongly aspirated 'k'.
- Mispronouncing the vowels 'ㅓ' and 'ㅜ'.
- Not aspirating the 'ㅋ' sound correctly.
- Incorrectly stressing syllables, e.g., stressing the first syllable instead of the second.
Niveau de difficulté
At A1-A2 levels, reading '거룩하다' is manageable in simple sentences within religious contexts. As texts become more complex or metaphorical (B1+), understanding its nuances and broader implications requires more advanced vocabulary and cultural context.
Using '거룩하다' correctly in writing requires an understanding of its specific religious connotations and appropriate conjugations. Overuse or misapplication in non-religious contexts is a common pitfall for learners.
Speaking requires accurate pronunciation and awareness of the appropriate register. Using the honorific form '거룩하시다' for divine beings is crucial for respectful speech.
Recognizing '거룩하다' in spoken Korean is generally straightforward in religious settings. However, distinguishing it from similar words like '성스럽다' or understanding its metaphorical uses in faster speech can be challenging.
Quoi apprendre ensuite
Prérequis
Apprends ensuite
Avancé
Grammaire à connaître
Honorifics (-시-)
When referring to God or revered religious figures, use '거룩하시다' instead of '거룩하다' to show respect.
Attributive Adjectives (-ㄴ/은)
To modify a noun, change '거룩하다' to '거룩한' (e.g., 거룩한 장소 - holy place).
Noun Formation (-ㅁ/음)
The noun form '거룩함' means 'holiness' or 'sacredness'.
Adverbial Form (-게)
The adverbial form '거룩하게' means 'holily' or 'sacredly' (e.g., 거룩하게 살다 - to live holily).
Passive Voice with '여겨지다'
그곳은 거룩하다고 여겨집니다. (That place is considered holy.)
Exemples par niveau
하나님은 거룩해요.
God is holy.
Basic present tense informal conjugation.
성당은 거룩한 곳이에요.
A cathedral is a holy place.
Using the attributive form '거룩한' before a noun.
이것은 거룩한 책이에요.
This is a holy book.
Attributive form '거룩한' modifying '책' (book).
예수님은 거룩해요.
Jesus is holy.
Informal present tense.
거룩한 날이에요.
It is a holy day.
Attributive form '거룩한' modifying '날' (day).
성경은 거룩해요.
The Bible is holy.
Informal present tense.
거룩한 빛이에요.
It is a holy light.
Attributive form '거룩한' modifying '빛' (light).
하나님은 거룩합니다.
God is holy.
Formal present tense conjugation.
이 사원은 매우 거룩한 장소입니다.
This temple is a very holy place.
Using the attributive form '거룩한' with a formal ending.
그녀는 거룩한 삶을 살고 싶어 합니다.
She wants to live a holy life.
Attributive form '거룩한' modifying '삶' (life).
하나님의 이름은 거룩합니다.
The name of God is holy.
Formal ending used with the attributive form.
우리는 거룩한 빵을 나누었습니다.
We shared the holy bread.
Attributive form '거룩한' modifying '빵' (bread).
저 산은 거룩하다고 여겨집니다.
That mountain is considered holy.
Passive voice construction with '여겨지다' (to be considered).
그는 거룩한 성물을 지키고 있습니다.
He is guarding the holy relic.
Attributive form '거룩한' modifying '성물' (relic).
이것은 아주 거룩한 순간입니다.
This is a very holy moment.
Attributive form '거룩한' modifying '순간' (moment).
신자들은 거룩한 노래를 불렀습니다.
The believers sang a holy song.
Attributive form '거룩한' modifying '노래' (song).
그 설교는 우리에게 하나님의 거룩함을 다시 한번 생각하게 했습니다.
That sermon made us think about God's holiness once again.
Using the noun form '거룩함' (holiness).
이 성지는 매우 거룩한 곳으로 알려져 있습니다.
This holy site is known as a very sacred place.
Using '알려져 있다' (to be known as) with '거룩한'.
그는 수도원에서 거룩한 삶을 살기로 결심했습니다.
He decided to live a holy life in the monastery.
Using '결심하다' (to decide) with '거룩한 삶'.
이 성스러운 의식은 수 세기 동안 거룩하게 지켜져 왔습니다.
This sacred ritual has been kept holy for centuries.
Using '지켜져 오다' (to have been kept) with '거룩하게' (adverbial form).
그녀의 헌신은 마치 거룩한 부름처럼 느껴졌습니다.
Her devotion felt like a holy calling.
Simile using '마치 ~처럼' (like) with '거룩한 부름' (holy calling).
이곳의 공기는 무언가 거룩한 기운을 담고 있는 듯했습니다.
The air here seemed to hold some kind of holy aura.
Using '듯하다' (to seem like) to describe a feeling of holiness.
그는 거룩한 예언을 전하기 위해 소명을 받았습니다.
He received a calling to deliver holy prophecies.
Attributive form '거룩한' modifying '예언' (prophecy).
성경은 하나님의 거룩한 뜻을 담고 있습니다.
The Bible contains God's holy will.
Attributive form '거룩한' modifying '뜻' (will).
종교적인 관점에서 볼 때, 인간은 신의 거룩함을 닮도록 창조되었다고 믿어집니다.
From a religious perspective, it is believed that humans were created to resemble God's holiness.
Using '믿어지다' (to be believed) and the noun form '거룩함'.
그의 예술 작품은 종종 종교적인 주제와 거룩한 이미지를 탐구합니다.
His artwork often explores religious themes and holy imagery.
Using '거룩한' to describe '이미지' (imagery).
성스러운 장소에 대한 경외감은 그곳의 거룩함을 더욱 부각시킵니다.
The sense of awe for a sacred place further highlights its holiness.
Using '경외감' (sense of awe) and the noun form '거룩함'.
수행자들은 세속적인 욕망으로부터 벗어나 거룩한 깨달음을 추구합니다.
Practitioners seek holy enlightenment, freeing themselves from worldly desires.
Using '거룩한 깨달음' (holy enlightenment).
성스러운 텍스트에서 발견되는 도덕적 율법은 종종 거룩한 것으로 간주됩니다.
The moral laws found in sacred texts are often considered holy.
Using '간주되다' (to be considered) with '거룩한 것' (holy thing).
그는 자신의 삶을 신에게 바치며 거룩한 봉사를 실천했습니다.
He practiced holy service by dedicating his life to God.
Using '거룩한 봉사' (holy service).
어떤 문화권에서는 자연의 웅장함조차도 거룩한 것으로 여겨집니다.
In some cultures, even the grandeur of nature is regarded as holy.
Using '여겨지다' (to be regarded) with '거룩한 것'.
그의 설교는 인간의 죄악과 신의 거룩함 사이의 간극을 강조했습니다.
His sermon emphasized the gap between human sinfulness and God's holiness.
Using the noun form '거룩함' in contrast with '죄악' (sinfulness).
신학자들은 '거룩함'이라는 개념이 신의 본질적인 속성과 어떻게 연결되는지 심도 있게 논의합니다.
Theologians discuss in depth how the concept of 'holiness' is connected to God's essential attributes.
Using the abstract noun '거룩함' in a theological context.
그의 시는 세속적인 현실과 영적인 거룩함 사이의 긴장을 섬세하게 포착합니다.
His poetry delicately captures the tension between secular reality and spiritual holiness.
Using '영적인 거룩함' (spiritual holiness) to describe a poetic theme.
어떤 철학적 전통에서는 '거룩함'을 단순히 숭고함과는 구별되는, 초월적인 순수성의 상태로 정의합니다.
Some philosophical traditions define 'holiness' as a state of transcendent purity, distinct from mere sublimity.
Defining '거룩함' in philosophical terms, contrasting it with '숭고함' (sublimity).
이러한 의례는 공동체의 집단적 기억 속에서 거룩한 의미를 부여받으며 지속됩니다.
These rituals persist, imbued with holy meaning within the community's collective memory.
Using '거룩한 의미' (holy meaning) and '부여받다' (to be imbued/given).
역사적으로, 성인들의 삶은 종종 세속적인 가치로부터의 완전한 단절과 거룩함으로 가는 길로 묘사되었습니다.
Historically, the lives of saints have often been depicted as a path to holiness, involving a complete break from secular values.
Using '거룩함으로 가는 길' (path to holiness) as a descriptive phrase.
그의 소설은 일상적인 순간들 속에 내재된 신성한 거룩함을 탐색하며 독자들에게 깊은 성찰을 유도합니다.
His novel explores the inherent sacred holiness within everyday moments, prompting deep reflection in readers.
Using the compound '신성한 거룩함' (sacred holiness) for emphasis.
이 성지는 단순히 종교적 중요성을 넘어, 시대를 초월하는 거룩한 기운을 품고 있습니다.
This holy site, beyond mere religious significance, holds a timeless holy aura.
Using '거룩한 기운' (holy aura) to describe a place's atmosphere.
그는 자신의 예술을 통해 세속적인 경험을 거룩한 차원으로 승화시키고자 했습니다.
He sought to elevate secular experiences to a holy dimension through his art.
Using '거룩한 차원' (holy dimension) as a metaphorical concept.
신학적 담론에서 '거룩함'은 종종 존재론적 완전성과 불가분하게 연결되며, 이는 단순한 도덕적 우월성을 초월하는 개념이다.
In theological discourse, 'holiness' is often inextricably linked with ontological perfection, a concept transcending mere moral superiority.
Sophisticated theological discussion using '거룩함' in an ontological context.
그의 문학 작품에서 '거룩함'은 종종 일상적인 삶의 덧없음과 대비되는, 초월적이고 본질적인 존재의 빛으로 형상화된다.
In his literary works, 'holiness' is often materialized as a transcendent and essential light of being, contrasted with the ephemerality of everyday life.
Literary analysis of '거룩함' as a symbolic representation.
성서학자들은 '거룩하다'라는 동사의 어원적 변천을 추적하며, 고대 근동의 종교적 맥락에서 그 의미가 어떻게 진화했는지 규명한다.
Biblical scholars trace the etymological evolution of the verb 'to be holy,' elucidating how its meaning developed within the religious contexts of the ancient Near East.
Discussing the etymology and historical development of '거룩하다'.
현대 사회에서 '거룩함'의 개념은 종종 세속화와 탈신비화의 압력 속에서 재해석되거나 도전받기도 한다.
In contemporary society, the concept of 'holiness' is often reinterpreted or challenged under the pressures of secularization and desacralization.
Sociological analysis of the concept of 'holiness' in a modern context.
미학적으로 '거룩함'은 숭고함, 신비로움, 그리고 경외감을 동시에 불러일으키는 복합적인 감정적, 지적 경험을 내포한다.
Aesthetically, 'holiness' entails a complex emotional and intellectual experience that simultaneously evokes sublimity, mystery, and awe.
Aesthetic analysis of 'holiness' as an experience.
그의 작품은 인간 존재의 근원적인 취약성과 신적 거룩함 사이의 영원한 긴장을 섬세하게 그려낸다.
His work delicately portrays the eternal tension between the fundamental vulnerability of human existence and divine holiness.
Philosophical exploration of the relationship between humanity and divine holiness.
고고학적 발굴은 고대 종교 의례에서 사용된 성물들이 얼마나 '거룩함'이라는 개념으로 신중하게 다루어졌는지를 증명한다.
Archaeological excavations demonstrate how sacred objects used in ancient religious rituals were carefully handled with the concept of 'holiness'.
Historical and archaeological evidence related to the concept of 'holiness'.
현대 신학은 '거룩함'을 단순히 신과의 분리나 초월성뿐만 아니라, 세상 속에서의 신의 현존과 능동적인 개입으로도 이해한다.
Modern theology understands 'holiness' not merely as separation from or transcendence of God, but also as God's presence and active intervention within the world.
Modern theological interpretation of 'holiness' involving immanence.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
— May You be sanctified/holy. This is a very formal and archaic phrase, often used in prayer to acknowledge God's holiness.
주님의 이름이 거룩하시옵소서. (May the Lord's name be holy.)
— Holy person/being. Used to refer to God, Jesus, saints, or other revered divine figures.
예수님은 거룩한 분이십니다. (Jesus is a holy person.)
— Holy Bible. Refers to the sacred scriptures.
거룩한 성경을 읽으세요. (Please read the Holy Bible.)
— Holy place. Refers to sacred locations like churches, temples, or shrines.
이곳은 거룩한 곳입니다. (This is a holy place.)
— Holy heart/mind. Refers to a pure, devout, and spiritually oriented mindset.
그는 거룩한 마음으로 기도했습니다. (He prayed with a holy heart.)
— Holy will. Refers to the divine will or plan of God.
신의 거룩한 뜻에 따르겠습니다. (I will follow God's holy will.)
— Holy day. Refers to religious holidays or days of worship.
오늘은 거룩한 날입니다. (Today is a holy day.)
— Holy light. Often used metaphorically to describe divine presence or enlightenment.
그녀의 얼굴에서 거룩한 빛이 뿜어져 나왔다. (A holy light emanated from her face.)
— Holy prophecy. Refers to divine predictions or messages.
그는 거룩한 예언을 전했다. (He delivered holy prophecies.)
— Holy sacrifice. Refers to sacrifices made for religious or divine purposes.
그것은 거룩한 희생이었다. (It was a holy sacrifice.)
Souvent confondu avec
Both mean 'holy' or 'sacred.' '거룩하다' often implies a more inherent, absolute divine purity, especially referring to God, while '성스럽다' can be used more broadly for things that are sacred due to ritual, tradition, or cultural importance.
Similar to '거룩하다' and '성스럽다,' '신성하다' emphasizes divinity and sacredness. It's often used for divine beings and concepts directly related to God.
This refers to piety or devoutness, describing a person's attitude of reverence, rather than the inherent state of being holy itself.
Expressions idiomatiques
— To pretend to be holy; to act pious or righteous while not being so. This is a critical idiom, implying hypocrisy.
그는 항상 거룩한 척하지만, 실제로는 그렇지 않다.
Informal/Critical— Holy romance; often used ironically to describe an overly idealistic or pure form of love that is almost sacred.
그들의 사랑은 거룩한 낭만 같았다.
Literary/Ironic— Holy burden; a duty or responsibility that feels divinely assigned or carries significant spiritual weight.
그는 자신의 사명을 거룩한 부담으로 여겼다.
Formal/Literary— Holy flame; can refer to divine inspiration, spiritual passion, or a sacred, enduring belief.
그의 예술에는 거룩한 불꽃이 담겨 있었다.
Literary/Metaphorical— Holy silence; a profound silence that evokes reverence, often experienced in sacred spaces.
예배당에는 거룩한 침묵이 흘렀다.
Literary/Descriptive— Holy anger; righteous indignation felt against injustice or sin, often attributed to divine anger.
그는 불의를 보고 거룩한 분노를 느꼈다.
Formal/Literary— Holy burden; similar to '거룩한 부담', a significant, often spiritual, responsibility.
그의 소명은 거룩한 짐이었다.
Formal/Literary— Holy sweat; can refer to the intense effort put into a sacred task or the suffering endured for a divine cause.
그는 거룩한 땀을 흘리며 기도를 마쳤다.
Literary/Metaphorical— Holy orbit; a path or trajectory that is divinely ordained or exceptionally pure and sacred.
그의 삶은 거룩한 궤도를 따르는 듯했다.
Literary/Metaphorical— Holy vow; a solemn promise made in a sacred context, often to God.
그는 신 앞에서 거룩한 맹세를 했다.
FormalFacile à confondre
Both words translate to 'holy' or 'sacred' and are often used in religious contexts.
'거룩하다' often carries a stronger sense of inherent, absolute divine purity, particularly when referring to God. '성스럽다' is a broader term for sacredness, which can include things made sacred by ritual, tradition, or cultural significance, not just divine origin.
하나님은 거룩하시다. (God is holy - emphasizes inherent divine nature.) / 이 성물은 성스럽게 느껴진다. (This relic feels sacred - emphasizes its sacredness due to its nature or use.)
Also means divine, sacred, or holy, and is frequently used in religious discourse.
'신성하다' strongly emphasizes the divine aspect and origin. While '거룩하다' focuses on the state of being holy and pure, '신성하다' highlights the connection to divinity itself. They are often interchangeable when referring to God or divine beings, but '신성하다' might be more directly tied to the concept of divinity.
천사는 신성하다. (Angels are divine - emphasizes their divine nature.) / 예수님은 거룩하고 신성하신 분이다. (Jesus is holy and divine - using both to emphasize different aspects.)
Both relate to religious concepts and attitudes.
'거룩하다' describes the state of being holy or sacred. '경건하다' describes a person's attitude of piety, devotion, and reverence towards the holy. One is an attribute of the divine or sacred, the other is a human response.
그녀의 삶은 거룩하다. (Her life is holy - referring to its purity and devotion.) / 그녀는 매우 경건한 신자이다. (She is a very pious believer - referring to her devout attitude.)
Both imply purity.
'거룩하다' implies a spiritual, divine purity that is set apart. '순수하다' refers to general purity, innocence, or lack of contamination, which can be physical, emotional, or moral, but does not necessarily carry a divine connotation.
아이의 마음은 순수하다. (A child's heart is pure - general innocence.) / 하나님의 마음은 거룩하다. (God's heart is holy - divine, spiritual purity.)
It is an antonym, so understanding the difference is key.
'거룩하다' means holy, sacred, and divinely pure. '속되다' means profane, secular, vulgar, or ordinary, lacking any spiritual or divine significance. It represents the opposite end of the spectrum from holiness.
성당은 거룩한 장소이지만, 시장은 속된 곳이다. (A cathedral is a holy place, but a market is a profane place.)
Structures de phrases
Subject + 은/는 + 거룩해요.
하나님은 거룩해요.
거룩한 + Noun
거룩한 날이에요.
Subject + 은/는 + 거룩합니다.
이곳은 거룩합니다.
Subject + 은/는 + 거룩한 + Noun + 입니다/어요.
그는 거룩한 삶을 살고 있습니다.
Subject + 은/는 + 거룩함 + 을/를 + Verb
그들은 거룩함을 추구했습니다.
Subject + 이/가 + 거룩하다 + 고 + Verb
사람들은 그곳을 거룩하다고 믿습니다.
거룩하다 + -(으)ㄴ/는 + Noun
거룩했던 순간을 잊을 수 없습니다.
Subject + 은/는 + 거룩함 + 의 + Noun
그것은 거룩함의 상징이었습니다.
Famille de mots
Noms
Adjectifs
Apparenté
Comment l'utiliser
High in religious contexts, low in general conversation.
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Using '거룩하다' for everyday positive adjectives.
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Using words like '맛있다' (delicious), '아름답다' (beautiful), or '훌륭하다' (excellent).
'거룩하다' specifically means holy or sacred and has strong religious connotations. Applying it to ordinary positive things is an overstatement and misapplication.
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Forgetting honorifics for divine beings.
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Using '거룩하시다' when referring to God or Jesus.
In Korean, showing respect to divine beings is crucial. Failing to use the honorific suffix '-시-' is considered impolite in religious contexts.
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Incorrectly forming the attributive adjective.
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'거룩한' (georukhan) before a noun.
Learners might incorrectly say '거룩한' or similar variations. The correct form to modify a noun is '거룩한'.
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Confusing '거룩하다' with '경건하다'.
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'거룩하다' describes the state of being holy; '경건하다' describes a person's devout attitude.
'거룩하다' is an attribute of the divine or sacred, while '경건하다' is a human characteristic of piety and reverence.
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Using '거룩하다' metaphorically without clear context.
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Using it primarily in its religious sense, or ensuring the metaphorical context is very clear and appropriate.
While metaphorical use exists, it can be confusing or sound odd if not handled carefully. It's safer to stick to the literal meaning until proficiency is high.
Astuces
Know Your Domain
Remember that '거룩하다' is deeply tied to religious and spiritual contexts. Using it for everyday positive attributes can sound out of place or even disrespectful. Stick to its primary meaning of holy, sacred, or consecrated to God.
Attributive Form Mastery
Practice using the attributive form '거룩한' (georukhan) before nouns, as in '거룩한 장소' (holy place) or '거룩한 삶' (holy life). This is a common way to use the adjective.
Aspirated 'ㅋ'
Pay attention to the aspirated 'ㅋ' (k) sound in '거룩하다'. It's a distinct puff of air, different from the unaspirated 'ㄱ' (g) at the beginning of the word.
Respectful Language
When referring to God or highly revered religious figures, always use the honorific form '거룩하시다' to demonstrate respect. This is crucial in Korean culture.
Synonym Awareness
Learn related words like '성스럽다' and '신성하다'. Understanding their subtle differences will help you choose the most precise term for 'sacred' or 'divine' in various situations.
Visual Association
Connect '거룩하다' with images of pure white doves, ancient temples, or beams of divine light. Creating strong visual links can aid recall.
Sentence Building
Create your own sentences using '거룩하다' in different conjugations and contexts. Try describing holy places, actions, or concepts to solidify your understanding.
Contextual Clues
When you hear '거룩하다', listen for surrounding words and the overall topic. This will help you confirm whether it's being used in its primary religious sense or in a more metaphorical way.
Avoid Overuse
Resist the temptation to use '거룩하다' for general positive qualities like 'delicious' or 'beautiful.' Reserve it for its intended meaning of holiness and sacredness.
Appropriate Tone
Maintain a tone of reverence when discussing or using '거룩하다'. Its application should always reflect the profound nature of the concept.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Imagine a 'go-ruk' (고독 - lonely) monk living in a sacred, holy temple. The 'go-ruk' monk is dedicated to his holy duties. The temple itself is '거룩하다'.
Association visuelle
Picture a pristine, white dove (symbol of peace and holiness) flying over a majestic, ancient temple bathed in divine light. The word '거룩하다' is written in golden letters beneath the image.
Word Web
Défi
Try to explain the concept of 'holy' to someone using only Korean words, making sure to incorporate '거룩하다' and related terms like '성스럽다' and '신성하다'. Focus on the feeling of reverence and divine connection.
Origine du mot
The word '거룩하다' is of native Korean origin. It is believed to have evolved from older Korean terms related to purity, divinity, and being set apart. Its exact linguistic roots are ancient and not tied to a specific historical event or borrowing.
Sens originel : Likely related to concepts of being 'clean,' 'pure,' and 'divine' or 'sacred.'
Koreanic languagesContexte culturel
Using '거룩하다' inappropriately, such as applying it to trivial matters, can be seen as disrespectful or blasphemous within religious contexts. It is best reserved for discussions pertaining to the divine, sacred objects, or profound spiritual concepts.
While 'holy' is a direct translation, the cultural weight and frequency of use in everyday English conversation might differ. In English, 'holy' is primarily religious, but 'sacred' can be applied more broadly to things or places of deep cultural or personal significance.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Religious Services and Sermons
- 하나님은 거룩하시다.
- 거룩한 찬양
- 거룩한 말씀
Religious Texts (Bible, scriptures)
- 거룩한 율법
- 거룩한 계명
- 거룩한 예언
Descriptions of Holy Places (churches, temples, shrines)
- 거룩한 장소
- 거룩한 분위기
- 거룩한 성전
Discussions about Saints and Divine Beings
- 거룩한 분
- 거룩한 삶
- 거룩한 희생
Prayer and Devotional Practices
- 거룩한 기도
- 거룩한 마음
- 거룩한 뜻
Amorces de conversation
"Do you know any Korean words related to religious concepts?"
"What does the word 'holy' mean to you in your culture?"
"Have you ever visited a place that felt particularly sacred or holy?"
"How is the concept of 'holiness' expressed in your language or religion?"
"What are some common phrases used in religious contexts in Korea?"
Sujets d'écriture
Write about a time you felt a sense of awe or reverence. How did it relate to the idea of holiness?
If you were to describe something as 'holy' in your life, what would it be and why?
Explore the difference between 'holy' and 'sacred' in your own understanding and how it might apply to Korean words.
Imagine you are writing a prayer in Korean. What words would you use to describe God's holiness?
Reflect on how religious concepts influence everyday language and culture in Korea.
Questions fréquentes
10 questions'거룩하다' often implies a more inherent, absolute divine purity, especially when referring to God. '성스럽다' is a broader term for 'sacred' and can be used for things that are sacred due to ritual, tradition, or cultural importance, not solely divine origin. While often interchangeable, '거룩하다' can carry a deeper sense of divine essence.
You should use '거룩하시다' when referring to God, Jesus, or other highly revered divine beings to show respect. It is the polite and appropriate form in religious contexts when addressing or speaking about the divine.
While '거룩하다' is primarily used in religious contexts, it can occasionally be used metaphorically for something of extreme purity, nobility, or moral value that inspires deep reverence. However, this usage is less common and requires careful consideration of the context to avoid sounding inappropriate or overly dramatic.
The noun form of '거룩하다' is '거룩함' (georukham), which means 'holiness' or 'sacredness'.
You can say '거룩한 장소' (georukhan jangso) or '성스러운 장소' (seongseureoun jangso). '거룩한 곳' (georukhan got) is also commonly used.
No, '거룩하다' is not a common word in everyday, casual conversation. Its usage is predominantly found in religious settings, literature, and discussions about spirituality. In general contexts, other words are used for positive qualities.
The opposite of '거룩하다' is '속되다' (sokdoeda), which means profane, secular, or vulgar. Other antonyms include '더럽다' (dirty/tainted) and '악하다' (evil).
Yes, it can be used to describe a person who lives a life of extreme piety, purity, and devotion, often in a religious sense. However, it's a strong term and not used lightly. '경건하다' (pious) is often more suitable for describing general devoutness.
Yes, there are phrases like '거룩한 분' (holy person/being), '거룩한 삶' (holy life), and '거룩한 뜻' (holy will). There are also more formal or literary expressions like '거룩하시옵소서' (May You be holy).
It is pronounced roughly as /ɡʌˈruːkʰɑːdɑː/. The stress is on the second syllable '룩' (ruk).
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Summary
거룩하다 (georukhada) is the Korean word for 'holy,' 'sacred,' or 'consecrated to God.' It signifies a state of profound purity and divine connection, typically used in religious contexts to describe God, holy places, or sacred beings. Understanding its strong spiritual connotation is key to its accurate usage.
- 거룩하다 means to be holy, sacred, or consecrated to God.
- It describes something pure and set apart for religious purposes.
- Primarily used in religious contexts, it denotes profound reverence.
- Commonly heard in churches, religious texts, and discussions about divinity.
Know Your Domain
Remember that '거룩하다' is deeply tied to religious and spiritual contexts. Using it for everyday positive attributes can sound out of place or even disrespectful. Stick to its primary meaning of holy, sacred, or consecrated to God.
Attributive Form Mastery
Practice using the attributive form '거룩한' (georukhan) before nouns, as in '거룩한 장소' (holy place) or '거룩한 삶' (holy life). This is a common way to use the adjective.
Aspirated 'ㅋ'
Pay attention to the aspirated 'ㅋ' (k) sound in '거룩하다'. It's a distinct puff of air, different from the unaspirated 'ㄱ' (g) at the beginning of the word.
Respectful Language
When referring to God or highly revered religious figures, always use the honorific form '거룩하시다' to demonstrate respect. This is crucial in Korean culture.
Contenu associé
Ce mot dans d'autres langues
Plus de mots sur religion
행하다
A1Agir ou accomplir une action d'une manière formelle ou morale. Par exemple, 'accomplir une bonne action' (선행을 행하다).
홀로
B1Seul ou par soi-même, souvent utilisé dans un contexte poétique ou littéraire.
제사
A2Le 'jesa' est un rite ancestral coréen traditionnel pour honorer les défunts avec de la nourriture et des inclinaisons.
천사
A2Angel; a spiritual being acting as an attendant or messenger of God.
깨우다
A1Réveiller quelqu'un de son sommeil. Peut aussi signifier rendre quelqu'un conscient de quelque chose ou stimuler ses sentiments ou son esprit. (French: To wake someone from their sleep. Can also mean to make someone aware of something or to stimulate their feelings or mind.)
신자
A2Croyant; une personne qui a la foi en une religion. Il est un adepte d'un système de croyances spirituelles.
인자하다
A1Être bienveillant, clément et compatissant. On l'utilise souvent pour décrire une personne âgée ou respectée qui a un grand cœur.
성경
A2La Bible est le livre sacré du christianisme. Elle est divisée en Ancien et Nouveau Testament.
복되다
A1Être béni; doué d'une faveur divine.
축복
A2Bénédiction; une faveur ou un don divin.
