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B1 noun 13 min de lecture

hiena

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hiena en 30 secondes

  • Hiena: A hyena, a wild mammal from Africa/Asia.
  • Known for its 'laughing' sound and scavenging habits.
  • Used literally for the animal, or metaphorically for cruelty.
  • Feminine noun in Portuguese: 'a hiena'.
The Portuguese word "hiena" refers to a specific type of mammal, commonly known in English as a hyena. These are carnivorous, dog-like mammals found in parts of Africa and Asia, recognized for their distinctive vocalizations, often described as a 'laughing' sound. In Portuguese, "hiena" is used to refer to the animal itself, its species, or metaphorically, to describe someone with a cruel or unpleasant disposition, much like the animal's perceived nature in folklore. When discussing wildlife, zoology, or even in storytelling and figurative language, "hiena" is the appropriate term. It's a word that evokes images of the wild, of scavengers, and sometimes, of cunning or ferocity. You might encounter "hiena" in nature documentaries, books about African wildlife, or in discussions about animal behavior. It's also used in children's stories, where animals often embody human traits, and the hyena might be portrayed as a villain or a mischievous character. The term can carry a negative connotation due to the animal's scavenging habits and its sometimes unsettling vocalizations, which have led to various myths and legends surrounding it across different cultures. For instance, in some African traditions, hyenas are associated with witchcraft or bad omens. In Portuguese culture, while not as deeply embedded in folklore as in some African societies, the image of the hyena is generally one of a wild, untamed creature, often associated with the nocturnal world and the less savory aspects of nature. Therefore, "hiena" is a direct and accurate term for this fascinating, albeit sometimes feared, animal.
Zoological Term
"Hiena" is the precise Portuguese word for the animal scientifically classified within the family Hyaenidae.
Figurative Use
It can be used metaphorically to describe a person who is considered cruel, malicious, or has a disturbing laugh.
Cultural Associations
Often linked to nocturnal activity, scavenging, and sometimes, to negative or sinister connotations in folklore.

O som da hiena é bastante peculiar e assustador à noite.

The sound of the hyena is quite peculiar and frightening at night.

A hiena é um animal carnívoro que vive em África e Ásia.

The hyena is a carnivorous animal that lives in Africa and Asia.
Scientific Classification
The family Hyaenidae includes four extant species: the spotted hyena, the brown hyena, the striped hyena, and the aardwolf. The Portuguese word "hiena" encompasses all of these.
Behavioral Traits
Hyenas are known for their powerful jaws, efficient hunting strategies, and complex social structures, particularly among spotted hyenas.
Folklore and Mythology
In many cultures, the hyena is a figure of superstition, often associated with shapeshifting, sorcery, or being a messenger of ill fortune. While "hiena" in Portuguese is primarily a zoological term, these cultural associations can sometimes influence its figurative use.

As crianças ficaram fascinadas ao ver uma hiena no documentário sobre a vida selvagem.

The children were fascinated to see a hyena in the wildlife documentary.
Using "hiena" in Portuguese sentences is straightforward, primarily functioning as a noun. It can be used in various contexts, from factual descriptions of the animal to more figurative expressions. When referring to the animal itself, it's often used with articles like "a" (the) or "uma" (a/an), and can be the subject, object, or part of a prepositional phrase. For example, "A hiena é um predador eficiente." (The hyena is an efficient predator.) Here, "hiena" is the subject. In another instance, "Vimos uma hiena no safári." (We saw a hyena on the safari.) "hiena" is the direct object. The word is feminine in Portuguese, so it takes feminine articles and adjectives. For instance, "A hiena listrada é fascinante." (The striped hyena is fascinating.) The adjective "listrada" agrees in gender with "hiena." Figuratively, "hiena" can describe someone with a cruel or unsettling laugh, or a person perceived as malicious or predatory. For example, "Ele riu como uma hiena, um som perturbador." (He laughed like a hyena, a disturbing sound.) In this case, "como uma hiena" (like a hyena) is a simile used to emphasize the nature of the laugh. It can also be used more directly to describe a person's character: "Não confie nele, ele tem o coração de uma hiena." (Don't trust him, he has the heart of a hyena.) This metaphorical usage implies a lack of empathy or a cruel nature. When discussing the animal's habits, you might say, "As hienas são conhecidas por serem necrófagas." (Hyenas are known for being scavengers.) Here, "hienas" is used in the plural to refer to the species generally. The plural form is "hienas." Remember to consider the context: if you're talking about the animal in a zoological sense, or using it to describe a person's character or laugh, the grammatical structure will adapt accordingly. For example, in a sentence about their habitat: "O habitat natural da hiena abrange savanas e áreas semiáridas." (The natural habitat of the hyena covers savannas and semi-arid areas.) Here, "da hiena" (of the hyena) shows possession. The word is relatively common in discussions about African wildlife and can appear in literature, documentaries, and even news reports about conservation efforts or animal encounters. Its pronunciation is key: 'ie-' like the English 'yee-' and '-na' like 'nah'.
As Subject
A hiena é um animal fascinante. (The hyena is a fascinating animal.)
As Direct Object
No documentário, vimos uma hiena. (In the documentary, we saw a hyena.)
Plural Form
As hienas vivem em grupos sociais complexos. (Hyenas live in complex social groups.)
Figurative Use (Laugh)
Ele soltou uma gargalhada de hiena que assustou a todos. (He let out a hyena's laugh that scared everyone.)
Figurative Use (Character)
A crueldade dele lembrava a de uma hiena. (His cruelty was reminiscent of a hyena's.)

A hiena é conhecida pelo seu som característico, muitas vezes confundido com uma gargalhada.

The hyena is known for its characteristic sound, often mistaken for laughter.

Os biólogos estudam o comportamento social das hienas nas savanas africanas.

Biologists study the social behavior of hyenas in the African savannas.
You'll frequently encounter the word "hiena" in contexts related to wildlife and nature. This includes television documentaries about African ecosystems, zoological gardens, and nature reserves where hyenas are present. Scientific articles and books discussing animal behavior, ecology, and conservation efforts are also common places to find the term. For instance, a documentary segment about the Serengeti might feature discussions on the role of the "hiena" in the food chain. In educational settings, especially in biology classes or when teaching about fauna, "hiena" will be used to identify the animal. Beyond purely scientific contexts, "hiena" can appear in literature, particularly in adventure stories or tales set in Africa, where the animal might play a role, either as a character or part of the environment. Children's books often feature animals, and the hyena, with its distinctive characteristics, is a likely candidate. Its metaphorical use, though less frequent than its literal meaning, can be heard in informal conversations or even in dramatic performances, where a character's cruel laugh or predatory nature might be likened to that of a "hiena." News reports concerning wildlife encounters, animal welfare, or conservation efforts might also mention "hienas." For example, a report on poaching or habitat loss could include the word. The sound of the "hiena" is so distinctive that it's often highlighted in audio recordings of wildlife, and descriptions of these sounds will invariably use the word "hiena." Even in discussions about mythology and folklore, especially those related to African traditions, the "hiena" might be mentioned for its symbolic significance. Therefore, whether you're learning about animals, reading a story, or watching a nature program, the word "hiena" is likely to be part of the vocabulary.
Nature Documentaries
Discussions about African wildlife, predators, and scavengers will often feature the term "hiena.".
Zoological Gardens
Information plaques and guides in zoos will identify the animal as "hiena.".
Children's Literature
Stories featuring animals often include "hiena" as a character, sometimes depicted as cunning or mischievous.
Scientific Publications
Research papers on animal behavior, ecology, and conservation will use "hiena" in their findings.
Figurative Language
In informal settings, it might be used to describe a particularly unsettling laugh or a person with a cruel nature.

O guia do zoológico explicou as características da hiena para os visitantes.

The zoo guide explained the characteristics of the hyena to the visitors.

A savana africana é o lar de muitas espécies, incluindo a poderosa hiena.

The African savanna is home to many species, including the powerful hyena.
For English speakers learning Portuguese, a common mistake might involve gender agreement, as "hiena" is a feminine noun. Forgetting to use feminine articles (like "a" instead of "o") or adjectives can lead to grammatical errors. For example, saying "o hiena" instead of "a hiena" is incorrect. Another potential pitfall is mispronunciation. The Portuguese pronunciation of "hiena" is roughly /iˈɛnɐ/. The initial 'h' is silent, and the stress is on the second syllable. English speakers might be tempted to pronounce the 'h', making it sound like "hee-nah," which is not correct. A less common, but possible, mistake could be confusing "hiena" with similar-sounding words in Portuguese or other languages, although in this case, "hiena" is quite distinct. Metaphorical usage can also be tricky. While "hiena" can imply cruelty or a disturbing laugh, using it too casually or inappropriately can sound harsh or offensive. It's important to understand the cultural connotations associated with the animal. For instance, directly calling someone a "hiena" without clear context might be perceived as a strong insult. Ensure you are using the word in the correct context – literal for the animal, and cautiously for metaphorical descriptions. Another minor error could be in the pluralization: while the plural is "hienas," one might mistakenly try to form it differently. Always remember that "hiena" is a feminine noun, requiring feminine agreement in all grammatical contexts.
Gender Agreement
Using masculine articles or adjectives with "hiena" (e.g., "o hiena" or "hiena mau") is incorrect. It should always be "a hiena" and "hiena má" (if describing a female hyena, or using it metaphorically for a female person).
Pronunciation of 'H'
The initial 'h' in "hiena" is silent in Portuguese. Pronouncing it as in English "hyena" (/ˈhaɪənə/) is incorrect. The Portuguese pronunciation is closer to /iˈɛnɐ/, with the 'h' being almost imperceptible.
Metaphorical Overuse
Using "hiena" metaphorically to describe a person's character or laugh can be offensive if not used carefully or with clear context. It carries strong negative connotations.
Pluralization
The plural form is "hienas." Mistakes might arise from incorrectly pluralizing it, although this is less common than gender or pronunciation errors.

Incorrecto: Eu vi o hiena no zoológico. Correcto: Eu vi a hiena no zoológico.

Incorrect: I saw the hyena at the zoo. Correct: I saw the hyena at the zoo.

Incorrecto: A hiena é um animal feroz. (If referring to a female hyena or using it metaphorically for a female person). Correcto: A hiena é uma animal feroz. (This is grammatically incorrect, the noun is feminine, but the adjective agreement needs to be correct.) Let's rephrase to show correct adjective agreement: A hiena é uma criatura feroz. (The hyena is a fierce creature.)

Incorrect: The hyena is a fierce animal. Correct: The hyena is a fierce creature.
While "hiena" is the specific and most common term for the animal, there are related concepts and alternative ways to describe aspects associated with it. In a zoological context, one might refer to the family "Hyaenidae" (Hyaenidae), but this is a scientific classification and not a common word. If discussing its diet, words like "necrófago" (scavenger) or "carnívoro" (carnivore) are relevant, describing its feeding habits rather than the animal itself. For instance, one could say, "A hiena é um animal necrófago" (The hyena is a scavenger). Metaphorically, when referring to cruelty or a disturbing laugh, alternatives might depend on the specific nuance you want to convey. Instead of "hiena," one might use "cruel" (cruel), "malicioso" (malicious), or describe the laugh as "gargalhada sinistra" (sinister laugh) or "gargalhada aterradora" (terrifying laugh). However, "hiena" often captures a specific type of unsettling, almost wild, quality that these other words might not fully encompass. In terms of other wild animals with similar perceived characteristics (e.g., predatory nature), one might compare it to a "lobo" (wolf) or a "raposa" (fox), though these animals have distinct biological and cultural associations. The key difference is that "hiena" is specific to the Hyaenidae family. When referring to the animal in a general sense of wildness or a creature of the night, one might use broader terms like "animal selvagem" (wild animal) or "fera" (beast), but these lack the specificity of "hiena." Therefore, "hiena" remains the primary and most accurate term for the animal itself.
Hiena vs. Lobo
While both are carnivores and can be perceived as wild, "hiena" specifically refers to the Hyaenidae family, known for its unique vocalizations and social structures. "Lobo" (wolf) refers to members of the Canidae family, with different physical traits and behaviors.
Hiena vs. Raposa
"Raposa" (fox) is a smaller canid, often associated with cunning but not typically with the raw predatory power or distinctive "laugh" of a hyena. "Hiena" is a larger, more robust animal with a different evolutionary lineage.
Hiena vs. Necrófago
"Necrófago" is an adjective or noun describing an animal that eats carrion. While many hyenas are scavengers, "hiena" is the name of the animal species itself, which can also be an active hunter.
Hiena vs. Fera
"Fera" is a general term for a wild beast or a fierce animal. It can encompass a hyena but lacks the specificity. "Hiena" pinpoints the exact animal.

A hiena é um animal necrófago, mas também um caçador eficaz.

The hyena is a scavenger, but also an effective hunter.

Em vez de dizer que ele tinha uma risada de hiena, poderíamos dizer que ele tinha uma risada sinistra.

Instead of saying he had a hyena's laugh, we could say he had a sinister laugh.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The scientific classification of hyenas is Hyaenidae. The name has remained remarkably consistent across languages for thousands of years, reflecting the distinct and memorable nature of the animal.

Guide de prononciation

UK /iˈɛnə/
US /iˈɛnə/
Second syllable: hi-**E**-na
Rime avec
cena pena arena serena cadena pequena terrena escena
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Pronouncing the 'h' as in English 'hyena'.
  • Incorrectly stressing the first syllable.
  • Pronouncing the 'ie' as a long 'ee' sound.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

The word 'hiena' itself is straightforward, but understanding its ecological role, figurative meanings, and cultural associations requires B1-level comprehension.

Écriture 3/5

Using 'hiena' correctly in sentences, especially with proper gender agreement and in figurative contexts, requires B1-level writing skills.

Expression orale 3/5

Pronunciation and using 'hiena' in natural conversation, including its metaphorical uses, are achievable at a B1 level.

Écoute 3/5

Recognizing 'hiena' in spoken Portuguese, particularly in nature-related contexts or figurative speech, is typical of B1 comprehension.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

animal selvagem África comer som falar

Apprends ensuite

predador necrófago noturno savana carnívoro

Avancé

ecossistema adaptação vocalização folclore antropomorfismo

Grammaire à connaître

Gender Agreement for Nouns and Adjectives

A palavra 'hiena' é feminina. Portanto, usamos artigos e adjetivos femininos: 'A hiena é grande' (The hyena is big) - 'grande' é invariável, mas se fosse 'alta', seria 'A hiena é alta'.

Pluralization of Nouns Ending in 'a'

Para formar o plural de palavras femininas terminadas em '-a', geralmente adicionamos '-s': 'hiena' -> 'hienas'.

Use of the Verb 'Ser' (to be) for Permanent Characteristics

Usamos 'ser' para descrever a natureza ou características inerentes de um animal: 'A hiena é um animal carnívoro'.

Use of the Verb 'Ter' (to have) for Possessions or Characteristics

Usamos 'ter' para descrever características que o animal possui: 'A hiena tem um som peculiar'.

Prepositions of Location

Para indicar onde a hiena vive: 'A hiena vive na África' (combinação de 'em' + 'a').

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Exemples par niveau

1

Eu vejo uma hiena.

I see a hyena.

Simple subject-verb-object structure. 'Uma' is the indefinite feminine article.

2

A hiena é um animal.

The hyena is an animal.

'A' is the definite feminine article. 'É' is the third person singular of 'ser' (to be).

3

O zoológico tem hienas.

The zoo has hyenas.

'Zoológico' is masculine. 'Tem' is the third person singular of 'ter' (to have). 'Hienas' is the plural form.

4

Gosto da hiena.

I like the hyena.

'Gosto de' means 'I like'. 'Da' is the contraction of 'de' + 'a'.

5

A hiena é engraçada?

Is the hyena funny?

Forming a simple question by placing the verb before the subject or using intonation.

6

Não gosto de hienas.

I don't like hyenas.

'Não' negates the verb. 'Gosto de' means 'I like'.

7

A hiena come carne.

The hyena eats meat.

'Come' is the third person singular of 'comer' (to eat). 'Carne' means meat.

8

Onde está a hiena?

Where is the hyena?

'Onde está?' means 'Where is?'.

1

A hiena tem um som engraçado.

The hyena has a funny sound.

'Tem' (has) is used to describe a characteristic. 'Som engraçado' means 'funny sound'.

2

Eu aprendi sobre a hiena na aula.

I learned about the hyena in class.

'Aprendi' is the past tense of 'aprender' (to learn). 'Sobre' means 'about'.

3

As hienas vivem em África.

Hyenas live in Africa.

'Vivem' is the third person plural of 'viver' (to live). 'Em' means 'in'.

4

A hiena é um animal noturno.

The hyena is a nocturnal animal.

'Noturno' means 'nocturnal'. Adjectives usually follow the noun in Portuguese.

5

Vi uma hiena a correr.

I saw a hyena running.

Using the infinitive with 'a' to describe an ongoing action observed. 'Correr' means 'to run'.

6

O som da hiena parece uma gargalhada.

The hyena's sound seems like a laugh.

'Parece' means 'seems'. 'Gargalhada' means 'laugh'.

7

As hienas são carnívoras.

Hyenas are carnivores.

'Carnívoro' means 'carnivore'. The adjective agrees in number with the noun.

8

No safari, vimos uma hiena de longe.

On the safari, we saw a hyena from afar.

'De longe' means 'from afar'. 'Vimos' is the past tense of 'ver' (to see).

1

A hiena tem uma reputação injusta de ser apenas um necrófago.

The hyena has an unfair reputation for being just a scavenger.

'Reputação' (reputation), 'injusta' (unfair), 'necrófago' (scavenger). Using more complex vocabulary and sentence structure.

2

O som peculiar da hiena é frequentemente mal interpretado como riso.

The hyena's peculiar sound is often misinterpreted as laughter.

'Peculiar' (peculiar), 'frequentemente' (frequently), 'mal interpretado' (misinterpreted), 'riso' (laughter). Using passive voice and adverbs.

3

Em algumas culturas, a hiena é associada a superstições e folclore sombrio.

In some cultures, the hyena is associated with superstitions and dark folklore.

'Associada a' (associated with), 'superstições' (superstitions), 'folclore sombrio' (dark folklore). Using prepositional phrases and abstract nouns.

4

A estrutura social das hienas pintadas é surpreendentemente complexa.

The social structure of spotted hyenas is surprisingly complex.

'Estrutura social' (social structure), 'pintadas' (spotted), 'surpreendentemente' (surprisingly), 'complexa' (complex). Using possessive structure and sophisticated adjectives.

5

É importante não confundir a hiena com outros canídeos selvagens.

It is important not to confuse the hyena with other wild canids.

'Não confundir com' (not to confuse with), 'canídeos selvagens' (wild canids). Using infinitive clauses and specific terminology.

6

A força da mandíbula da hiena permite-lhe quebrar ossos.

The strength of the hyena's jaw allows it to break bones.

'Força da mandíbula' (strength of the jaw), 'permite-lhe' (allows it), 'quebrar' (to break). Using possessive and indirect object pronouns.

7

Documentários sobre a vida selvagem frequentemente apresentam a hiena como um predador oportunista.

Wildlife documentaries frequently feature the hyena as an opportunistic predator.

'Predador oportunista' (opportunistic predator), 'apresentam' (feature/present). Using participial phrases and advanced vocabulary.

8

Apesar da sua má fama, a hiena desempenha um papel crucial no ecossistema.

Despite its bad reputation, the hyena plays a crucial role in the ecosystem.

'Apesar de' (despite), 'má fama' (bad reputation), 'desempenha um papel crucial' (plays a crucial role), 'ecossistema' (ecosystem). Using concessive clauses and formal vocabulary.

1

A complexidade da comunicação vocal da hiena desafia as percepções simplistas sobre estes animais.

The complexity of the hyena's vocal communication challenges simplistic perceptions about these animals.

'Comunicação vocal' (vocal communication), 'desafia' (challenges), 'percepções simplistas' (simplistic perceptions). Using abstract nouns and sophisticated verbs.

2

A capacidade da hiena de se adaptar a diversos ambientes é um testemunho da sua resiliência evolutiva.

The hyena's ability to adapt to diverse environments is a testament to its evolutionary resilience.

'Capacidade de se adaptar' (ability to adapt), 'diversos ambientes' (diverse environments), 'testemunho' (testament), 'resiliência evolutiva' (evolutionary resilience). Using gerunds and academic vocabulary.

3

As estratégias de caça cooperativa empregadas pelas hienas pintadas são um exemplo notável de colaboração animal.

The cooperative hunting strategies employed by spotted hyenas are a remarkable example of animal collaboration.

'Estratégias de caça cooperativa' (cooperative hunting strategies), 'empregadas por' (employed by), 'notável' (remarkable), 'colaboração animal' (animal collaboration). Using participial adjectives and formal phrasing.

4

A hiena, por vezes retratada como um vilão nas fábulas, é na realidade um predador ecologicamente vital.

The hyena, sometimes portrayed as a villain in fables, is in reality an ecologically vital predator.

'Retratada como' (portrayed as), 'vilão' (villain), 'fábulas' (fables), 'na realidade' (in reality), 'ecologicamente vital' (ecologically vital). Using appositives and nuanced vocabulary.

5

O estudo do comportamento social da hiena oferece insights valiosos sobre a dinâmica de grupo em mamíferos.

The study of hyena social behavior offers valuable insights into group dynamics in mammals.

'Comportamento social' (social behavior), 'oferece insights valiosos' (offers valuable insights), 'dinâmica de grupo' (group dynamics). Using academic phrasing and specialized terms.

6

A robustez física da hiena, aliada à sua inteligência, torna-a um competidor formidável no seu habitat.

The hyena's physical robustness, coupled with its intelligence, makes it a formidable competitor in its habitat.

'Robustez física' (physical robustness), 'aliada a' (coupled with/allied with), 'inteligência' (intelligence), 'competidor formidável' (formidable competitor). Using formal connectors and strong adjectives.

7

A preservação do habitat da hiena é fundamental para manter o equilíbrio ecológico das regiões onde habita.

The preservation of the hyena's habitat is fundamental to maintaining the ecological balance of the regions where it lives.

'Preservação do habitat' (preservation of habitat), 'fundamental para' (fundamental to), 'manter o equilíbrio ecológico' (maintain the ecological balance), 'onde habita' (where it lives). Using formal vocabulary and relative clauses.

8

Apesar da sua aparência intimidadora, a hiena é um componente essencial da biodiversidade africana.

Despite its intimidating appearance, the hyena is an essential component of African biodiversity.

'Aparência intimidadora' (intimidating appearance), 'componente essencial' (essential component), 'biodiversidade' (biodiversity). Using concessive clauses and precise ecological terms.

1

A morfologia da hiena, com as suas patas dianteiras mais longas e a sua distinta 'corcunda', é uma adaptação evolutiva notável para a sua dieta e estilo de vida.

The hyena's morphology, with its longer forelegs and distinct 'hump', is a remarkable evolutionary adaptation for its diet and lifestyle.

'Morfologia' (morphology), 'patas dianteiras' (forelegs), 'distinta corcunda' (distinct hump), 'adaptação evolutiva' (evolutionary adaptation). Using technical terms and complex descriptive phrasing.

2

A vocalização da hiena, que inclui uma gama de chamados que vão desde uivos a gargalhadas estridentes, serve propósitos comunicativos multifacetados.

The hyena's vocalization, which includes a range of calls from howls to strident laughs, serves multifaceted communicative purposes.

'Vocalização' (vocalization), 'gama de chamados' (range of calls), 'gargalhadas estridentes' (strident laughs), 'propósitos comunicativos multifacetados' (multifaceted communicative purposes). Using sophisticated vocabulary and relative clauses.

3

A complexa hierarquia social e os padrões de cooperação entre as hienas pintadas oferecem um modelo fascinante para o estudo da cognição social em mamíferos.

The complex social hierarchy and cooperation patterns among spotted hyenas offer a fascinating model for studying social cognition in mammals.

'Hierarquia social' (social hierarchy), 'padrões de cooperação' (cooperation patterns), 'oferecem um modelo fascinante' (offer a fascinating model), 'cognição social' (social cognition). Using academic jargon and complex sentence structure.

4

Contrariando a sua imagem popular de mero necrófago, a hiena é um predador altamente eficiente, capaz de derrubar presas consideravelmente maiores.

Contrary to its popular image as a mere scavenger, the hyena is a highly efficient predator, capable of taking down considerably larger prey.

'Contrariando' (contrary to), 'mero necrófago' (mere scavenger), 'altamente eficiente' (highly efficient), 'derrubar presas consideravelmente maiores' (taking down considerably larger prey). Using participial phrases and comparative structures.

5

A distribuição geográfica da hiena reflete a sua notável capacidade de adaptação a uma variedade de ecossistemas, desde savanas áridas a regiões semi-montanhosas.

The geographical distribution of the hyena reflects its remarkable adaptability to a variety of ecosystems, from arid savannas to semi-mountainous regions.

'Distribuição geográfica' (geographical distribution), 'notável capacidade de adaptação' (remarkable adaptability), 'variedade de ecossistemas' (variety of ecosystems). Using precise geographical and ecological terminology.

6

O papel ecológico da hiena na remoção de carcaças contribui significativamente para a saúde do ecossistema, prevenindo a propagação de doenças.

The hyena's ecological role in carcass removal contributes significantly to ecosystem health, preventing the spread of diseases.

'Papel ecológico' (ecological role), 'remoção de carcaças' (carcass removal), 'contribui significativamente para' (contributes significantly to), 'prevenindo a propagação de doenças' (preventing the spread of diseases). Using formal verbs and causal relationships.

7

A hiena, muitas vezes marginalizada no imaginário cultural, é um predador fascinante cuja biologia e comportamento merecem um estudo aprofundado.

The hyena, often marginalized in the cultural imagination, is a fascinating predator whose biology and behavior deserve in-depth study.

'Marginalizada no imaginário cultural' (marginalized in the cultural imagination), 'biologia e comportamento' (biology and behavior), 'merecem um estudo aprofundado' (deserve in-depth study). Using abstract concepts and formal academic tone.

8

A evolução convergente manifesta-se na semelhança superficial entre a hiena e certos canídeos, apesar das suas distintas linhagens evolutivas.

Convergent evolution is manifested in the superficial similarity between the hyena and certain canids, despite their distinct evolutionary lineages.

'Evolução convergente' (convergent evolution), 'semelhança superficial' (superficial similarity), 'distintas linhagens evolutivas' (distinct evolutionary lineages). Using scientific terminology and complex comparison.

1

A intrincada rede de vocalizações da hiena, que inclui vocalizações de alta frequência e infrassons, sugere uma sofisticação comunicativa que transcende a mera imitação de riso.

The hyena's intricate network of vocalizations, encompassing high-frequency calls and infrasound, suggests a communicative sophistication that transcends mere imitation of laughter.

'Intrincada rede de vocalizações' (intricate network of vocalizations), 'vocalizações de alta frequência' (high-frequency calls), 'infrassons' (infrasound), 'sofisticação comunicativa' (communicative sophistication), 'transcende' (transcends). Using highly specialized vocabulary and abstract concepts.

2

A ecologia trófica da hiena, como predador de topo e necrófago, exerce uma influência reguladora substancial sobre as populações de presas e a dinâmica de decomposição.

The hyena's trophic ecology, as an apex predator and scavenger, exerts a substantial regulatory influence on prey populations and decomposition dynamics.

'Ecologia trófica' (trophic ecology), 'predador de topo' (apex predator), 'influência reguladora substancial' (substantial regulatory influence), 'dinâmica de decomposição' (decomposition dynamics). Using precise ecological terminology and complex relationships.

3

A disparidade entre a percepção popular da hiena como uma criatura sinistra e a sua realidade biológica como um animal complexo e adaptável é um caso paradigmático de antropomorfismo cultural.

The disparity between the popular perception of the hyena as a sinister creature and its biological reality as a complex and adaptable animal is a paradigmatic case of cultural anthropomorphism.

'Disparidade' (disparity), 'percepção popular' (popular perception), 'criatura sinistra' (sinister creature), 'realidade biológica' (biological reality), 'caso paradigmático' (paradigmatic case), 'antropomorfismo cultural' (cultural anthropomorphism). Using advanced abstract concepts and critical analysis.

4

A análise filogenética revela que as hienas, apesar da sua aparência canídea, estão mais intimamente relacionadas com os felinos e as mangostas.

Phylogenetic analysis reveals that hyenas, despite their canid-like appearance, are more closely related to felines and mongooses.

'Análise filogenética' (phylogenetic analysis), 'aparência canídea' (canid-like appearance), 'intimamente relacionadas com' (more closely related to), 'felinos' (felines), 'mangostas' (mongooses). Using highly specific scientific terminology.

5

A resiliência da hiena face às alterações antropogénicas no seu habitat é uma demonstração da sua notável plasticidade fenotípica.

The hyena's resilience in the face of anthropogenic changes to its habitat is a demonstration of its remarkable phenotypic plasticity.

'Resiliência face a' (resilience in the face of), 'alterações antropogénicas' (anthropogenic changes), 'plasticidade fenotípica' (phenotypic plasticity). Using scientific and ecological jargon.

6

A atribuição de características humanas negativas à hiena, como a crueldade e a malícia, é um reflexo da projeção cultural sobre o reino animal.

The attribution of negative human characteristics to the hyena, such as cruelty and malice, is a reflection of cultural projection onto the animal kingdom.

'Atribuição de características humanas negativas' (attribution of negative human characteristics), 'crueldade e malícia' (cruelty and malice), 'reflexo da projeção cultural' (reflection of cultural projection), 'reino animal' (animal kingdom). Using abstract sociological and psychological concepts.

7

A capacidade da hiena de ocupar nichos ecológicos diversos, competindo eficazmente com outros predadores, sublinha a sua importância na manutenção da estabilidade do ecossistema.

The hyena's ability to occupy diverse ecological niches, competing effectively with other predators, underscores its importance in maintaining ecosystem stability.

'Ocupar nichos ecológicos diversos' (occupy diverse ecological niches), 'competindo eficazmente' (competing effectively), 'sublinha a sua importância' (underscores its importance), 'estabilidade do ecossistema' (ecosystem stability). Using advanced ecological terminology and formal language.

8

A evolução da morfologia mandibular da hiena, otimizada para esmagar ossos, representa um exemplo clássico de adaptação alimentar extrema.

The evolution of the hyena's mandibular morphology, optimized for bone crushing, represents a classic example of extreme dietary adaptation.

'Evolução da morfologia mandibular' (evolution of mandibular morphology), 'otimizada para' (optimized for), 'esmagar ossos' (bone crushing), 'adaptação alimentar extrema' (extreme dietary adaptation). Using highly specific biological and anatomical terms.

Collocations courantes

O som da hiena
A hiena pintada
Comportamento da hiena
A hiena como predador
Gargalhada de hiena
Habitat da hiena
A hiena como necrófago
A força da hiena
A hiena e a sua presa
Mitologia da hiena

Phrases Courantes

O som da hiena

— Refers to the characteristic vocalization of the hyena, often described as a laugh.

O som da hiena fez-nos olhar para cima na noite escura.

A hiena pintada

— The most common species of hyena, known for its spotted coat.

A hiena pintada é um predador formidável na África.

Vimos uma hiena

— A simple statement indicating an observation of a hyena.

Durante o safári, vimos uma hiena perto do rio.

A hiena é um necrófago

— States the hyena's role as a scavenger.

É um facto conhecido que a hiena é um necrófago eficiente.

Gargalhada de hiena

— A metaphorical description of a laugh that sounds unsettling or cruel, like a hyena's.

A sua gargalhada de hiena ecoou pelo salão vazio.

O comportamento da hiena

— Refers to the actions and social interactions of hyenas.

O comportamento da hiena em grupo é muito interessante de estudar.

A hiena é carnívora

— States that the hyena eats meat.

Como todos os grandes predadores, a hiena é carnívora.

Habitat da hiena

— The natural environment where hyenas live.

O habitat da hiena está a ser ameaçado pelo desenvolvimento humano.

A hiena é um animal noturno

— Indicates that hyenas are most active at night.

É por isso que a hiena é um animal noturno e raramente vista durante o dia.

O poder da hiena

— Refers to the strength or influence of the hyena, either physically or metaphorically.

O poder da hiena na cadeia alimentar é inegável.

Souvent confondu avec

hiena vs Lobo

Both are carnivores and can be seen as wild animals, but 'lobo' refers to a wolf, which belongs to the Canidae family, while 'hiena' refers to the Hyaenidae family. Their physical appearance and specific behaviors differ.

hiena vs Cão

While hyenas are sometimes described as 'dog-like,' they are wild animals and not domesticated like dogs ('cão'). The 'h' in 'hiena' is silent, unlike the 'h' in 'hyena' in English, which might lead to confusion with 'cão' if mispronounced.

hiena vs Raposa

Both 'raposa' (fox) and 'hiena' are mammals, but foxes are generally smaller, belong to the Canidae family, and are often associated with cunning rather than the raw power or distinctive 'laugh' of a hyena.

Expressions idiomatiques

"Rir como uma hiena"

— To laugh in a way that is loud, unsettling, or perhaps malicious, similar to the perceived sound of a hyena's vocalization.

Quando lhe contaram a piada má, ele começou a rir como uma hiena.

Informal
"Ter o coração de uma hiena"

— To be cruel, malicious, or lacking in empathy; to have a disposition perceived as predatory or uncaring.

Ele tratou os seus empregados com tanta dureza que parecia ter o coração de uma hiena.

Figurative/Negative
"Uma risada de hiena"

— Similar to 'rir como uma hiena', this refers to the specific sound of a laugh that is unsettling or sinister.

O vilão soltou uma risada de hiena que gelou o sangue dos heróis.

Figurative/Negative
"A hiena na savana"

— While not a strict idiom, this phrase often evokes imagery of the wild, danger, and the natural order of the African savanna, where the hyena is a prominent figure.

A vida na savana é dura; a hiena na savana é um exemplo de sobrevivência.

Descriptive/Figurative
"Ser uma hiena"

— To behave in a predatory, cruel, or opportunistic manner, often associated with taking advantage of others' misfortunes.

Naquele ambiente de negócios competitivo, alguns dizem que é preciso ser uma hiena para ter sucesso.

Figurative/Negative

Facile à confondre

hiena vs Lobo

Both are wild carnivores often found in similar habitats (though different continents) and can be perceived as fierce.

A 'hiena' belongs to the Hyaenidae family and is known for its unique vocalizations and powerful jaws, often acting as both predator and scavenger. A 'lobo' (wolf) belongs to the Canidae family, is typically more pack-oriented in hunting, and has a different physical appearance and vocal repertoire.

Vimos um lobo a uivar na floresta, e mais tarde ouvimos o som de uma hiena na savana.

hiena vs Cão

The English word 'hyena' can sound similar to 'cão' (dog) if the Portuguese pronunciation of 'hiena' (with a silent 'h') is not mastered, and both are sometimes described as 'dog-like' in a general sense.

'Cão' is the Portuguese word for 'dog', a domesticated animal. 'Hiena' is a wild animal. The pronunciation is key: 'hiena' is pronounced /iˈɛnɐ/, while 'cão' is pronounced /kɐ̃w̃/.

O meu cão é um animal de estimação leal, mas a hiena é um animal selvagem perigoso.

hiena vs Raposa

Both are mammals, and both can be associated with cunning in some contexts.

A 'raposa' (fox) is a smaller canid, typically known for its slyness and adaptability. A 'hiena' is a much larger, more robust animal from a different family (Hyaenidae), known for its powerful bite, distinctive 'laugh', and its role as both predator and scavenger.

A raposa é astuta e vive em muitos lugares, mas a hiena é um predador mais poderoso nas savanas africanas.

hiena vs Urso

Both are large mammals, and both can be perceived as powerful or dangerous wild animals.

An 'urso' (bear) is a large mammal, typically omnivorous or carnivorous, belonging to the Ursidae family. Its physical characteristics, habitat, and vocalizations are distinct from a 'hiena'. Bears are generally solitary, while some hyena species have complex social structures.

O urso pardo é encontrado em florestas frias, enquanto a hiena prefere as savanas quentes.

hiena vs Leão

Both are large carnivores found in similar African ecosystems and are often part of discussions about African wildlife.

A 'hiena' and a 'leão' (lion) are different species with distinct roles. Lions are typically apex predators that hunt large prey in prides, while hyenas are known for their scavenging abilities and their unique social structures and vocalizations. Their physical appearances are also very different.

O leão é o rei da selva, mas a hiena é uma caçadora e necrófaga muito eficiente.

Structures de phrases

A1

Subject + é + Noun.

A hiena é um animal.

A1

Eu + vejo + a/uma + Noun.

Eu vejo a hiena.

A2

Subject + tem + Noun.

A hiena tem um som estranho.

A2

Subject + vivem + em + Place.

As hienas vivem em África.

B1

A/O + Noun + é + Adjective.

A hiena é fascinante.

B1

Subject + é conhecido(a) por + Noun/Infinitive.

A hiena é conhecida pelo seu som.

B2

Apesar de + Noun/Clause, Subject + verb.

Apesar da sua má fama, a hiena é um predador importante.

C1

The + Noun + 's + [characteristic] + verb + [object].

A capacidade de adaptação da hiena é notável.

Famille de mots

Noms

hiena
hienídeo

Verbes

hienizar

Adjectifs

hienal

Apparenté

necrófago
carnívoro
predador
selvagem
noturno
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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Medium

Erreurs courantes
  • Pronouncing the 'h'. → The 'h' is silent.

    Many learners mistakenly pronounce the 'h' as in the English word 'hyena'. In Portuguese, the 'h' at the beginning of a word is always silent. The correct pronunciation is closer to 'ee-EH-nah'.

  • Using masculine articles. → Use feminine articles ('a', 'uma').

    'Hiena' is a feminine noun. Forgetting this leads to grammatical errors like 'o hiena' instead of 'a hiena'. Always remember to use feminine articles and ensure adjectives agree in gender.

  • Confusing it with 'cão' (dog). → 'Hiena' is a wild animal, 'cão' is a dog.

    While hyenas are sometimes described as 'dog-like', they are wild animals and not domesticated pets like dogs ('cão'). The pronunciation also differs significantly.

  • Overusing the figurative meaning. → Use metaphorically with caution and clear context.

    Calling someone a 'hiena' implies cruelty or malice. While a valid metaphor, it can be offensive if used inappropriately or without clear context, unlike simply describing the animal.

  • Incorrect pluralization. → The plural is 'hienas'.

    While less common, some learners might incorrectly form the plural. The standard rule for feminine nouns ending in '-a' is to add '-s', making 'hiena' plural 'hienas'.

Astuces

Silent 'H'

Remember that the 'h' in 'hiena' is silent in Portuguese. Focus on the vowel sounds and the stress on the second syllable ('ee-EH-nah') to pronounce it correctly.

Feminine Noun

'Hiena' is a feminine noun. Always use the feminine article 'a' or 'uma' and ensure any adjectives agree in gender. For example: 'a hiena é rápida'.

Literal vs. Figurative

Understand the difference between the literal meaning (the animal) and the figurative meaning (a cruel person or laugh). Context is key to interpreting which meaning is intended.

Sound Association

Connect the word 'hiena' with its characteristic 'laughing' sound. Imagine the sound and link it directly to the spelling and pronunciation of the word.

Folklore Connections

Be aware that in some cultures, hyenas are associated with negative folklore. This can influence how the word is perceived, even in its figurative use.

Sentence Building

Create sentences using 'hiena' in different contexts: describing the animal, its habitat, its sounds, and its metaphorical meanings. This reinforces understanding and usage.

Distinguish from Similar Animals

Understand that while it might look dog-like, 'hiena' is distinct from 'cão' (dog) and 'lobo' (wolf). Focus on its unique characteristics like the 'laugh' and its specific family (Hyaenidae).

Forming the Plural

The plural of 'hiena' is 'hienas'. Remember to adjust articles and adjectives accordingly when referring to multiple hyenas.

Ancient Roots

The word has ancient roots in Greek and Latin, showing its long history in describing this distinctive animal. This connection can help in remembering its meaning.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine a 'hee-hee-hee-NAH!' laugh coming from a wild animal. The 'hee-hee-hee' sounds like the beginning of 'hiena', and the 'NAH!' emphasizes the wildness. So, 'Hee-hee-hee-NAH!' is the laugh of the Hiena.

Association visuelle

Picture a dog-like creature with a strange, unsettling grin, as if it's about to let out a loud, peculiar laugh. Connect this visual to the sound and the word 'hiena'.

Word Web

Animal Africa Asia Carnivore Scavenger Nocturnal Laughing sound Wild

Défi

Try to describe a scene in a zoo enclosure featuring a hyena, using the word 'hiena' at least three times, focusing on its appearance and sounds.

Origine du mot

The Portuguese word 'hiena' comes directly from the Latin word 'hȳaena', which in turn derives from the Ancient Greek word 'ὑαινά' (huainá). This Greek word is believed to be of Anatolian origin, possibly related to an old term for the animal in that region.

Sens originel : The original meaning in Greek and Latin was simply the name for the animal we know today as the hyena.

Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Portuguese

Contexte culturel

When using 'hiena' metaphorically to describe a person's laugh or character, be mindful of its negative connotations. It can be perceived as an insult, implying cruelty or malice.

In English-speaking cultures, the hyena is also known for its 'laughing' sound and is often portrayed as a villain or a scavenger in children's stories and popular media, similar to its figurative use in Portuguese.

The hyena is famously depicted in Disney's 'The Lion King' as a group of cunning and villainous characters. In African mythology, hyenas are often central figures in folktales, sometimes embodying negative traits or acting as shapeshifters. The distinctive vocalizations of hyenas have been studied extensively by ethologists for their complexity and communicative functions.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Discussing wildlife in Africa or Asia.

  • A hiena vive na savana.
  • Vimos uma hiena no safári.
  • O som da hiena é assustador.

Talking about zoo animals.

  • O zoológico tem hienas.
  • A hiena está no seu recinto.
  • As crianças adoram ver a hiena.

Describing sounds or laughs.

  • Ele riu como uma hiena.
  • Que gargalhada de hiena!
  • O som parecia uma hiena.

Figurative language about cruelty or malice.

  • Ele tem o coração de uma hiena.
  • Ela agiu como uma hiena.
  • Não confie nele, ele é uma hiena.

Educational materials about animals.

  • A hiena é um animal carnívoro.
  • O comportamento da hiena é complexo.
  • A hiena é um predador oportunista.

Amorces de conversation

"Você já viu uma hiena em um zoológico ou na natureza?"

"O que você acha do som que a hiena faz?"

"Você sabia que as hienas são mais do que apenas necrófagas?"

"Em histórias ou filmes, como a hiena costuma ser retratada?"

"Se você pudesse descrever a hiena em uma palavra, qual seria?"

Sujets d'écriture

Descreva um encontro imaginário com uma hiena na savana africana. Quais sons você ouviria?

Pense em uma situação em que você ouviu uma risada que o lembrou de uma hiena. Como isso o fez sentir?

Pesquise um fato interessante sobre o comportamento social das hienas e escreva sobre ele.

Como a percepção cultural da hiena difere da sua realidade biológica? Escreva sobre isso.

Imagine que você é um biólogo estudando hienas. Quais perguntas você gostaria de responder sobre elas?

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

'Hiena' is a feminine noun in Portuguese. This means you will use feminine articles and adjectives with it. For example, you say 'a hiena' (the hyena) and 'uma hiena' (a hyena). If you were to use an adjective, it would also need to agree in gender, such as 'a hiena é forte' (the hyena is strong), where 'forte' is an adjective that can be used for both genders, but if it were, for example, 'bonita', it would be 'a hiena é bonita'.

The pronunciation of 'hiena' in Portuguese is approximately /iˈɛnɐ/. The 'h' at the beginning is silent, so it sounds like 'ee-EH-nah'. The stress is on the second syllable ('E'). Avoid pronouncing the 'h' as you would in the English word 'hyena'.

Yes, 'hiena' can be used metaphorically to describe a person, usually in a negative way. It might refer to someone with a cruel or malicious nature, or someone who laughs in a disturbing, unsettling way, often compared to the 'laugh' of the animal. For instance, 'Ele tem uma risada de hiena' means 'He has a hyena's laugh'.

The plural form of 'hiena' is 'hienas'. So, if you are talking about more than one hyena, you would use 'as hienas' (the hyenas) or 'umas hienas' (some hyenas).

'Hiena' refers to an animal that is both a predator and a scavenger. This means they hunt and kill their own prey ('predador'), but they also eat carcasses left by other animals ('necrófago'). Their powerful jaws allow them to consume bones and hide, making them very efficient at cleaning up their environment.

Although hyenas look somewhat dog-like and are sometimes described as such, they are not closely related to dogs. Scientifically, hyenas belong to their own family, Hyaenidae. Recent genetic studies suggest they are more closely related to feliforms (cat-like mammals) than to caniforms (dog-like mammals).

The 'laughing' sound of a hyena is actually a complex vocalization used for communication. It can indicate excitement, submission, or distress, and is often made during social interactions or hunting. While it sounds like laughter to humans, it serves specific purposes within hyena society.

Hyenas are primarily found in Africa and parts of Asia. They inhabit a variety of environments, including savannas, grasslands, woodlands, and even semi-arid regions.

Yes, 'hiena' is a common word, especially when discussing wildlife, nature documentaries, or in figurative language. It's a standard term for the animal and is understood by most Portuguese speakers.

Yes, the figurative use of 'hiena' can be offensive. Calling someone a 'hiena' implies they are cruel, malicious, or predatory, which is generally considered an insult. It's best to use such metaphors with caution and in appropriate contexts.

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