The verb 'заканчивать' (zakánchivat') is introduced at the A1 level as a fundamental verb meaning 'to finish' or 'to end.' Learners at this stage will encounter its basic conjugations and simple sentence structures, focusing on everyday contexts like finishing homework, a meal, or a day. The distinction between imperfective ('заканчивать') and perfective ('закончить') might be introduced conceptually but will be practiced through simple, repetitive examples. The reflexive form 'заканчиваться' is also typically introduced at this level for common phrases like 'the day is ending.' The goal is for learners to recognize and use the verb in straightforward statements about completion.
At the A2 level, learners expand their understanding of 'заканчивать' by exploring more varied sentence structures and contexts. They will practice using it with different direct objects (e.g., 'work,' 'school,' 'a book') and time expressions ('tomorrow,' 'in an hour'). The difference between the imperfective and perfective aspects becomes more critical, with exercises designed to highlight when to use each form. Learners will also become more comfortable with the reflexive 'заканчиваться' in phrases describing natural cessations or events coming to an end. The focus is on building fluency and accuracy in common, practical scenarios.
For B1 learners, 'заканчивать' is integrated into more complex sentence constructions and abstract discussions. They will encounter its use in expressing the completion of longer processes, such as finishing a course of study, a project, or even a phase of life. The nuances between 'заканчивать' and synonyms like 'завершать' might be explored. Learners will be expected to demonstrate a solid grasp of aspectual pairs and use them appropriately in both spoken and written contexts. The reflexive form 'заканчиваться' will be used more dynamically to describe various phenomena ending.
At the B2 level, learners are expected to use 'заканчивать' with a high degree of accuracy and flexibility. They will be able to distinguish subtle differences between 'заканчивать' and similar verbs like 'завершать' and 'прекращаться,' choosing the most appropriate word based on register and nuance. Complex grammatical structures involving 'заканчивать' will be mastered, including its use in subordinate clauses and more elaborate narratives. The verb will appear in discussions about achievements, career progression, and the conclusion of significant events.
C1 learners will use 'заканчивать' with sophisticated precision, understanding its full range of meanings and connotations. They will be able to employ it in formal writing, academic discourse, and nuanced literary analysis. The verb's role in expressing finality, completion, and the end of processes will be explored in depth, including its use in idiomatic expressions and figurative language. Mastery of aspectual pairs will be assumed, with a focus on stylistic appropriateness and the subtle impact of word choice.
At the C2 level, 'заканчивать' is used seamlessly and naturally, demonstrating native-like fluency. Learners will understand its most subtle implications, including its use in irony, understatement, or highly specialized contexts. They will be able to analyze its usage in classic literature and contemporary media, appreciating the author's or speaker's intent. The verb's role in conveying a sense of finality, achievement, or natural closure will be fully internalized and applied with expert skill.

заканчивать en 30 secondes

  • Finishing tasks, studies, or events.
  • Use 'заканчивать' for ongoing processes, 'закончить' for completed actions.
  • The reflexive form 'заканчиваться' means 'to end' or 'to be over.'
  • A fundamental verb for expressing completion in Russian.
Core Meaning
The Russian verb 'заканчивать' (zakánchivat') fundamentally means 'to finish,' 'to end,' or 'to complete' something. It's a versatile verb used in a wide array of situations, from concluding a task to the cessation of an event or period.
Aspects of Use
It can refer to the process of finishing (imperfective aspect, 'заканчивать') or the completed action of finishing (perfective aspect, 'закончить'). This distinction is crucial in Russian grammar. For example, 'Я заканчиваю книгу' (Ya zakánchivayu knígu) means 'I am finishing the book' (the process is ongoing), while 'Я закончил книгу' (Ya zakónchil knígu) means 'I finished the book' (the action is complete).
Everyday Scenarios
You'll hear 'заканчивать' used when someone is describing the end of their workday ('Я заканчиваю работу в пять часов' - I finish work at five o'clock), the conclusion of a school term ('Четверть заканчивается на следующей неделе' - The quarter ends next week), or the completion of a project ('Мы заканчиваем ремонт в квартире' - We are finishing the renovation in the apartment). It's also used for abstract concepts, like the end of a friendship or a period of time. The word is incredibly common and forms the backbone of expressing completion in Russian.
Beyond Simple Tasks
It's not just about tangible tasks. You can 'заканчивать' a speech, a song, or even a life. Its meaning extends to the natural conclusion of processes or phenomena. For instance, 'Лето заканчивается, и начинается осень' (Léto zakánchivayetsya, i nachináyetsya ósyen') means 'Summer is ending, and autumn is beginning.' This demonstrates its broad applicability in describing the cessation of states or events.
Imperfective vs. Perfective
Understanding the imperfective ('заканчивать') and perfective ('закончить') forms is key. The imperfective focuses on the process or repeated action, while the perfective highlights the result or a single, completed action. This grammatical nuance allows for precise communication about the timing and nature of 'finishing'.

Я скоро заканчиваю свою работу.

I am finishing my work soon.

Мы закончили проект вовремя.

We finished the project on time.

Урок заканчивается в два часа.

The lesson ends at two o'clock.
Basic Structure
The verb 'заканчивать' (and its perfective counterpart 'закончить') typically takes a direct object, which is the thing being finished. This object is usually in the accusative case. For example, 'Я заканчиваю книгу' (I am finishing the book). The subject of the sentence performs the action of finishing.
Indicating Time
You can specify when something finishes using adverbs of time or prepositional phrases. Common phrases include 'скоро' (soon), 'сегодня' (today), 'завтра' (tomorrow), 'вечером' (in the evening), 'в пять часов' (at five o'clock), or 'к концу недели' (by the end of the week). For instance, 'Фильм заканчивается поздно' (The film ends late).
Expressing Completion of Studies or Work
A very common usage is related to education and employment. You can say 'Я заканчиваю университет' (I am finishing university) or 'Он заканчивает школу' (He is finishing school). Similarly, 'Она заканчивает свою работу' (She is finishing her work) is standard. The perfective form is used to state that studies or work have been completed: 'Я закончил университет' (I finished university).
Describing Events and Periods
'Заканчивать' is also used for events, seasons, or periods of time. 'Фестиваль заканчивается завтра' (The festival ends tomorrow). 'Зима заканчивается, и начинается весна' (Winter is ending, and spring is beginning). This shows its ability to describe natural or planned conclusions.
Reflexive Form: Заканчиваться
The reflexive form 'заканчиваться' (zakánchivat'sya) is very common and means 'to end,' 'to be over,' or 'to come to an end.' It's used when the subject is something that naturally concludes or ceases. For example, 'День заканчивается' (The day is ending), 'Срок годности заканчивается' (The expiration date is ending/running out). This form is often used without an explicit agent.
Conjugation Examples
Remember the conjugations:
Я заканчиваю / закончу
Ты заканчиваешь / закончишь
Он/Она/Оно заканчивает / закончит
Мы заканчиваем / закончим
Вы заканчиваете / закончите
Они заканчивают / закончат

Я заканчиваю читать эту книгу сегодня.

I am finishing reading this book today.

Наш отпуск заканчивается на следующей неделе.

Our vacation is ending next week.

Мы закончим ремонт к концу месяца.

We will finish the renovation by the end of the month.
Daily Conversations
You will hear 'заканчивать' constantly in everyday Russian speech. When friends meet, they might ask each other, 'Ты когда заканчиваешь работу?' (When do you finish work?). Or, discussing plans for the evening, 'Мы заканчиваем ужинать в десять.' (We finish dinner at ten). It's a fundamental verb for structuring your day and coordinating activities.
Educational Settings
In schools and universities, teachers and students frequently use this verb. 'Урок заканчивается через пять минут.' (The lesson ends in five minutes.) 'Студенты заканчивают писать свои эссе.' (The students are finishing writing their essays.) The perfective form 'закончить' is also prevalent: 'Я закончил школу в прошлом году.' (I finished school last year.)
News and Announcements
News reports and public announcements often employ 'заканчивать' or 'заканчиваться' to signal the conclusion of events or periods. 'Концерт заканчивается под аплодисменты.' (The concert is ending to applause.) 'Прием заявок заканчивается сегодня.' (The application period ends today.)
Workplace Communication
In professional contexts, it's used for project management, task completion, and scheduling. 'Мы заканчиваем тестирование нового продукта.' (We are finishing testing the new product.) 'Когда вы закончите отчет?' (When will you finish the report?).
Media and Entertainment
When discussing films, plays, or books, 'заканчивать' is used. 'Фильм заканчивается неожиданно.' (The film ends unexpectedly.) 'Как заканчивается эта книга?' (How does this book end?).
Personal Reflections
People use it to describe the end of personal phases or experiences. 'Я чувствую, что моя терпение заканчивается.' (I feel like my patience is running out.) 'Это глава моей жизни заканчивается.' (This chapter of my life is ending.)

В новостях сказали, что акция заканчивается завтра.

The news said that the promotion ends tomorrow.

Мы закончили ремонт дома.

We finished the house renovation.

Учебный год заканчивается в мае.

The academic year ends in May.
Aspect Confusion (Imperfective vs. Perfective)
The most frequent mistake for learners is using the wrong aspect. Using 'заканчивать' when the action is completed, or 'закончить' when describing an ongoing process. For example, saying 'Я заканчиваю книгу' when you have already finished it. The correct way to express completion is with the perfective: 'Я закончил книгу.' Conversely, saying 'Я закончил читать' when you are still in the middle of reading is incorrect; it should be 'Я заканчиваю читать.'
Misuse of Reflexive Form
Confusing 'заканчивать' with 'заканчиваться'. 'Заканчивать' requires a subject that actively finishes something (e.g., 'Я заканчиваю работу'). 'Заканчиваться' describes something that ends on its own or ceases to exist (e.g., 'День заканчивается'). A common error is saying 'Я заканчиваюсь' to mean 'I am ending' in a general sense, when it should be used for something like 'My strength is ending.' The reflexive form implies a natural cessation rather than an active completion.
Incorrect Case Usage
While less common at A1, learners might incorrectly use the nominative case for the object being finished. The direct object of 'заканчивать' (to finish) should be in the accusative case. For example, 'Я заканчиваю урок' (I am finishing the lesson) is correct, not 'Я заканчиваю урок' (which is correct, but if it were a masculine noun that changes in accusative, like 'стол', it would be 'Я заканчиваю стол' - incorrect, versus 'Я заканчиваю стол' - correct). Ensure the noun object is in the correct accusative form.
Overuse of the Imperfective
Sometimes learners might use the imperfective 'заканчивать' for actions that are clearly single, completed events. For instance, when reporting that a task was successfully completed, using 'Я заканчивал задачу' might sound like you were in the middle of it for a long time or did it repeatedly, rather than simply finishing it. The perfective 'Я закончил задачу' is usually more appropriate for a single completed action.
Literal Translation from English
Directly translating English phrases can lead to errors. For example, 'The movie is finishing' might be literally translated, but in Russian, 'Фильм заканчивается' (The movie is ending) is more natural for describing the event itself. Or, 'I'm finishing my studies' is 'Я заканчиваю учёбу' (imperfective, ongoing) or 'Я закончил учёбу' (perfective, completed).

Incorrect: Я заканчиваю книгу вчера.

Incorrect: I am finishing the book yesterday.

Correct: Я закончил книгу вчера.

Correct: I finished the book yesterday.

Incorrect: Моё терпение заканчивается.

Incorrect: My patience is finishing (active, implies I am doing it).

Correct: Моё терпение заканчивается.

Correct: My patience is ending (natural cessation).
Заканчивать vs. Завершать
'Завершать' (zavyeshát') and its perfective form 'завершить' (zavyeshít') are very close synonyms to 'заканчивать'/'закончить'. They also mean 'to finish' or 'to complete'. However, 'завершать' often implies a more formal or thorough completion, bringing something to its final state or conclusion. It can sound slightly more official than 'заканчивать'.
Example: 'Он завершил свой доклад.' (He completed his report.) - sounds more formal than 'Он закончил свой доклад.'
Example: 'Проект завершён.' (The project is completed.) - implies a full and final completion.
Заканчивать vs. Исполнять/Выполнять
'Исполнять' (ispólnyat') and 'выполнять' (vypólnyat') mean 'to perform' or 'to fulfill' or 'to carry out'. They are used for tasks, duties, or orders. While finishing a task implies performing it, these verbs focus more on the act of doing rather than the finality.
Example: 'Я выполняю задание.' (I am fulfilling the task.) - focuses on the action.
Example: 'Я заканчиваю задание.' (I am finishing the task.) - focuses on the end of the action.
Заканчиваться vs. Прекращаться
'Прекращаться' (prekrashchátsya) is the reflexive form of 'прекращать' (prekrashchát'), meaning 'to cease,' 'to stop,' or 'to discontinue.' It's very similar to 'заканчиваться' but can imply a more abrupt or definitive stop.
Example: 'Дождь прекратился.' (The rain stopped.) - implies a more definite cessation.
Example: 'Дождь заканчивается.' (The rain is ending.) - can imply it's fading out.
Заканчивать vs. Сдавать
'Сдавать' (sdavát') means 'to hand in,' 'to submit,' or 'to pass' (an exam). When talking about submitting work, it's a specific way of finishing it.
Example: 'Я сдаю экзамен.' (I am taking/passing the exam.) - implies the act of submission or passing.
Example: 'Я заканчиваю подготовку к экзамену.' (I am finishing preparation for the exam.) - refers to the preparation itself.
Summary Table
Verb Meaning Nuance
Заканчивать/Закончить To finish, to end General, common usage
Завершать/Завершить To complete, to finalize More formal, implies thoroughness
Выполнять/Выполнить To fulfill, to carry out Focuses on the action of doing
Прекращаться/Прекратиться To cease, to stop Implies a definitive stop, often natural

Мы завершили строительство моста.

We completed the bridge construction. (More formal, implies finality)

Работа прекратилась из-за пандемии.

The work ceased due to the pandemic. (Implies a definitive stop)

Le savais-tu ?

The root '*kon-' is found in many Indo-European languages, such as Latin 'con-' (together, with, end) and Greek 'konos' (cone, often implying a point or end). This shared root highlights the universal concept of 'end' across languages.

Guide de prononciation

UK [zɐˈkant͡ɕɪvətʲ]
US [zɐˈkɑnchɪvətʲ]
za-КАН-чи-вать
Rime avec
начинать продолжать довершать открывать закрывать уставать бывать знавать
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Misplacing stress
  • Pronouncing the 'ч' too hard
  • Not softening the final 'т'

Exemples par niveau

1

Я заканчиваю есть.

I am finishing eating.

Imperfective aspect, present tense.

2

Урок заканчивается.

The lesson is ending.

Reflexive form, present tense.

3

Мы заканчиваем играть.

We are finishing playing.

Imperfective aspect, present tense.

4

Книга заканчивается.

The book is ending.

Reflexive form, present tense.

5

Я закончил работу.

I finished work.

Perfective aspect, past tense.

6

Они закончили школу.

They finished school.

Perfective aspect, past tense.

7

Лето заканчивается.

Summer is ending.

Reflexive form, present tense.

8

Я заканчиваю читать.

I am finishing reading.

Imperfective aspect, present tense.

1

Я заканчиваю свою домашнюю работу.

I am finishing my homework.

Imperfective, present tense. Focus on the process.

2

Наш отпуск заканчивается на следующей неделе.

Our vacation ends next week.

Reflexive, present tense. Indicates a scheduled end.

3

Мы закончили ремонт в квартире.

We finished the renovation in the apartment.

Perfective, past tense. Focus on the completed action.

4

Фильм заканчивается в десять часов.

The movie ends at ten o'clock.

Reflexive, present tense. Indicates a scheduled end time.

5

Когда ты закончишь читать эту книгу?

When will you finish reading this book?

Perfective, future tense. Asks about the completion of the action.

6

Сезон распродаж заканчивается.

The sale season is ending.

Reflexive, present tense. Describes a period coming to a close.

7

Она закончила университет с отличием.

She graduated from university with honors.

Perfective, past tense. Refers to the completion of studies.

8

Скоро заканчивается рабочий день.

The workday is ending soon.

Reflexive, present tense. Describes the natural end of a period.

1

Я заканчиваю свою карьеру в этой компании.

I am ending my career at this company.

Imperfective, present tense. Implies the process of leaving or transitioning.

2

Этот проект должен закончиться к концу года.

This project should end by the end of the year.

Perfective, future tense. Focuses on the completion deadline.

3

Его терпение начало заканчиваться.

His patience began to run out.

Imperfective, past tense. Describes the process of patience diminishing.

4

Они закончили строительство дома.

They finished the construction of the house.

Perfective, past tense. Refers to the final completion of a major task.

5

Школьные каникулы заканчиваются, и начинается новый учебный год.

The school holidays are ending, and the new academic year is beginning.

Reflexive, present tense. Describes the end of a period and the start of another.

6

Мы закончили переговоры и подписали договор.

We finished the negotiations and signed the contract.

Perfective, past tense. Indicates the completion of a complex process.

7

Когда закончится эта неприятная ситуация?

When will this unpleasant situation end?

Perfective, future tense. Asks about the definitive end of a negative event.

8

Она заканчивает писать диссертацию.

She is finishing writing her dissertation.

Imperfective, present tense. Focus on the ongoing work towards completion.

1

После долгих лет службы он решил заканчивать свою карьеру.

After many years of service, he decided to end his career.

Imperfective, infinitive. Expresses a decision about the future process.

2

Все работы по проекту должны быть закончены к пятнице.

All project work must be finished by Friday.

Perfective, past participle passive. Emphasizes the requirement of completion.

3

Его выступление заканчивалось на высокой ноте.

His performance was ending on a high note.

Imperfective, past tense. Describes the manner of ending.

4

Мы закончили разбирательство и пришли к соглашению.

We finished the proceedings and reached an agreement.

Perfective, past tense. Indicates the conclusion of a formal process.

5

Сезон дождей постепенно заканчивается, уступая место солнцу.

The rainy season is gradually ending, giving way to the sun.

Reflexive, present tense. Describes a gradual, natural transition.

6

Когда он закончит свой рассказ, мы сможем задать вопросы.

When he finishes his story, we can ask questions.

Perfective, future tense. Conditional clause indicating a prerequisite for the next action.

7

Эта глава нашей истории подходит к концу, но мы не сдаёмся.

This chapter of our history is coming to an end, but we are not giving up.

Reflexive, present tense. Metaphorical use for a period of time.

8

Они закончили обучение в академии и получили звания.

They completed their studies at the academy and received their ranks.

Perfective, past tense. Formal completion of a specific educational program.

1

Он стремился закончить свою работу безупречно, не оставляя места для критики.

He strove to finish his work impeccably, leaving no room for criticism.

Perfective, infinitive. Expresses a goal of perfect completion.

2

По мере того как лето заканчивалось, мы осознавали, как быстро пролетело время.

As summer was ending, we realized how quickly time had flown.

Reflexive, imperfective, past tense. Emphasizes the ongoing process of ending and the realization.

3

Их многолетнее сотрудничество подошло к концу, но они остались друзьями.

Their many years of collaboration came to an end, but they remained friends.

Reflexive, past tense. Implies a natural, often inevitable, conclusion.

4

Режиссёр решил закончить фильм на открытой ноте, оставляя зрителям пищу для размышлений.

The director decided to end the film on an open note, leaving the audience with food for thought.

Perfective, infinitive. Discusses artistic choices in concluding a work.

5

Несмотря на все трудности, они сумели закончить строительство в срок.

Despite all the difficulties, they managed to finish the construction on time.

Perfective, past tense. Highlights overcoming obstacles to achieve completion.

6

Период неопределённости заканчивался, и на горизонте забрезжила надежда.

The period of uncertainty was ending, and hope dawned on the horizon.

Reflexive, present tense. Metaphorical use for abstract situations.

7

Он посвятил свою жизнь тому, чтобы закончить этот великий труд.

He dedicated his life to finishing this great work.

Perfective, infinitive. Expresses a lifelong commitment to completion.

8

С наступлением осени природа постепенно заканчивает свой летний цикл.

With the advent of autumn, nature gradually ends its summer cycle.

Reflexive, present tense. Describes a natural, cyclical end.

1

Искусствовед отметил, что автор намеренно растянул финал, чтобы закончить произведение на ноте недосказанности.

The art critic noted that the author deliberately stretched out the finale to end the work on a note of ambiguity.

Perfective, infinitive. Discusses nuanced artistic intent in concluding a work.

2

На закате своей карьеры он чувствовал, что его миссия подходит к концу, но ещё не закончена.

At the twilight of his career, he felt his mission was coming to an end, but not yet finished.

Reflexive, present tense; Perfective, past participle. Contrasts a natural nearing of the end with the state of not being fully completed.

3

В древних текстах часто описывается, как герои заканчивают свой земной путь, обретая бессмертие.

Ancient texts often describe how heroes end their earthly journey, attaining immortality.

Imperfective, infinitive. Discusses a typical narrative trope of ending a life's journey.

4

Режиссёрская интерпретация позволила закончить классический сюжет на совершенно иной, провокационной ноте.

The director's interpretation allowed for the classic plot to be concluded on a completely different, provocative note.

Perfective, infinitive. Discusses how interpretation can alter the conclusion of a narrative.

5

Философы размышляли о том, как заканчивается человеческая жизнь и что происходит после.

Philosophers contemplated how human life ends and what happens afterwards.

Reflexive, imperfective, infinitive. Deals with existential questions about the end of life.

6

Он стремился закончить свою последнюю книгу так, чтобы она стала его magnum opus.

He strived to finish his last book in such a way that it would become his magnum opus.

Perfective, infinitive. Focuses on the ambition to achieve a definitive, masterful conclusion.

7

Стихийные бедствия часто заканчиваются внезапными перемириями, когда природа сама наводит порядок.

Natural disasters often end with sudden truces, when nature itself restores order.

Reflexive, present tense. Describes natural phenomena's concluding patterns.

8

В этом романе главный герой должен закончить свою трансформацию, прежде чем сможет обрести покой.

In this novel, the main character must complete his transformation before he can find peace.

Perfective, infinitive. Discusses the completion of a character's arc.

Collocations courantes

заканчивать работу
заканчивать учёбу
заканчивать разговор
заканчивать предложение
заканчивать ремонт
заканчивать фильм
заканчивать день
заканчивать сезон
заканчивать подготовку
заканчивать спор

Phrases Courantes

Я заканчиваю

— I am finishing.

Я заканчиваю, подожди минутку.

Он заканчивает

— He is finishing.

Он заканчивает читать эту главу.

Они закончили

— They finished.

Они закончили проект вовремя.

Работа заканчивается

— Work is ending.

Работа заканчивается в пять часов.

Урок заканчивается

— The lesson is ending.

Урок заканчивается через десять минут.

Время заканчивается

— Time is running out.

Время заканчивается, нужно спешить.

Терпение заканчивается

— Patience is running out.

Мое терпение заканчивается.

Всё заканчивается

— Everything ends.

Помни, что всё заканчивается.

Фильм заканчивается

— The film ends.

Фильм заканчивается грустно.

Праздник заканчивается

— The holiday is ending.

Наш праздник заканчивается завтра.

Expressions idiomatiques

"заканчивать на высокой ноте"

— To end on a high note; to conclude something successfully and positively.

Он решил закончить свою карьеру на высокой ноте, выиграв последний матч.

Neutral
"заканчивать своё выступление"

— To conclude one's speech or performance.

После долгой речи, он закончил своё выступление словами благодарности.

Neutral
"заканчивать дело"

— To finish a task or a matter; to bring something to a conclusion.

Нужно закончить это дело сегодня, чтобы не откладывать.

Neutral
"заканчивать разговор"

— To end a conversation.

Извини, мне нужно заканчивать разговор, я опаздываю.

Neutral
"заканчивать своё существование"

— To cease to exist; to come to an end.

Эта эпоха заканчивается, начинается новая.

Formal/Literary
"заканчивать жизнь"

— To end one's life; to die.

Он закончил свою жизнь в мире и покое.

Formal/Literary
"заканчивать свой путь"

— To end one's journey or path (can be literal or metaphorical).

После долгих странствий он закончил свой путь в родном городе.

Literary
"заканчивать песню"

— To finish a song.

Певец закончил песню под бурные аплодисменты.

Neutral
"заканчивать дело в срок"

— To finish a task on time.

Очень важно заканчивать все дела в срок.

Neutral
"заканчивать с чем-либо"

— To be done with something; to quit or stop doing something.

Я заканчиваю с этой работой, она слишком сложная.

Informal

Famille de mots

Noms

Verbes

Adjectifs

Apparenté

Origine du mot

The verb 'заканчивать' is derived from the Proto-Slavic root '*kon-' meaning 'end' or 'limit'. It shares this root with words like 'конец' (end) and 'конечный' (final). The prefix 'за-' often indicates the beginning of an action or its completion.

Sens originel : To bring to an end, to reach the limit.

Indo-European, Slavic
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