распространение
распространение en 30 secondes
- A formal noun meaning 'spread', 'dissemination', or 'propagation'.
- Used for news, ideas, viruses, light, sound, and products.
- Always takes the Genitive case for the object being spread.
- Essential for C1 level academic and professional Russian discourse.
The Russian noun распространение (ras-pro-stra-nye-nye) is a sophisticated and essential term at the C1 level, primarily used to describe the act of spreading, disseminating, or propagating something over a wide area or among a large number of people. It is derived from the verb распространить (to spread/distribute), which itself contains the root -стран-, relating to 'country' (страна) or 'space' (пространство). This etymological link is key to understanding its core meaning: making something occupy more space or reach more 'countries' or people.
- Information Dissemination
- This is perhaps the most common context. It refers to the sharing of news, ideas, or data. For example, the spreading of rumors (распространение слухов) or the dissemination of knowledge (распространение знаний).
- Biological and Physical Phenomena
- In scientific contexts, it describes the propagation of waves (распространение волн), light, or sound. It is also the standard term for the spread of diseases or viruses (распространение вируса).
- Commercial and Legal Distribution
- It is used when talking about the distribution of products, software, or legal documents. If a new app becomes popular, we talk about its 'wide distribution' (широкое распространение).
Быстрое распространение информации в социальных сетях изменило мир. (The rapid spread of information on social networks has changed the world.)
In formal Russian, you will encounter this word in official reports, scientific journals, and news broadcasts. It carries a tone of objective observation. Unlike the more colloquial 'раздача' (giving out) or 'передача' (passing on), распространение implies a broad, often systemic or natural expansion. Whether it is the spread of a forest fire or the propagation of a new political ideology, this word captures the movement from a central point outward into a larger field.
Данная технология получила широкое распространение в Европе. (This technology has gained wide distribution in Europe.)
Mastering the use of распространение requires understanding its grammatical environment. As a neuter noun ending in -ие, it follows the standard declension for such words. Most importantly, it is almost always followed by a noun in the Genitive case which specifies what is being spread.
- Subject of a Sentence
- Example: Распространение наркотиков преследуется по закону. (The distribution of drugs is prosecuted by law.)
- Object of a Verb
- Example: Мы должны остановить распространение ложных новостей. (We must stop the spread of fake news.)
- Prepositional Phrases
- Example: Учёные работают над сдерживанием распространения инфекции. (Scientists are working on containing the spread of the infection.)
Common adjectives used with this word include:
- Широкое (Wide): широкое распространение интернета.
- Быстрое (Rapid): быстрое распространение слухов.
- Массовое (Massive): массовое распространение продукции.
- Незаконное (Illegal): незаконное распространение материалов.
Эффективное распространение опыта коллег поможет нам в работе. (The effective dissemination of colleagues' experience will help us in our work.)
You will encounter распространение in several specific domains of Russian life and media. It is not a word you would typically use when talking about spreading jam on toast (for that, you use намазывать), but it is ubiquitous in professional and intellectual discourse.
- In the Media (News)
- Journalists use it to talk about the spread of influence, political movements, or the reach of a new law. 'Распространение влияния России в регионе' (The spread of Russia's influence in the region).
- In Science and Medicine
- Academic papers frequently discuss the 'распространение' of species, genetic traits, or sound waves in different media. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this was the primary term for the spread of the virus.
- In IT and Business
- Software distribution (распространение ПО) and the spread of digital trends are common topics in tech blogs and business meetings.
Сдерживание распространения ядерного оружия — главная задача ООН. (The non-proliferation [containment of spread] of nuclear weapons is the main task of the UN.)
The word carries a sense of scale. If you are talking about one person telling a secret to another, you use 'рассказать'. If you are talking about that secret reaching the whole city, you use 'распространение'.
Even advanced learners can stumble when using распространение due to its specific nuances and similar-looking words.
- Mistake 1: Confusing with 'Распределение'
- Learners often use 'распространение' when they mean 'allocation' or 'distribution of parts'. If you are giving out tasks to employees, use распределение обязанностей. Use распространение only if you are making something widely known or present everywhere.
- Mistake 2: Incorrect Case Usage
- Remember that the thing being spread must be in the Genitive. It is never 'распространение информацию' (Accusative); it must be 'распространение информации'.
- Mistake 3: Overuse in Daily Life
- Don't use this word for physical actions like spreading butter or paint. Use намазывание or нанесение. Распространение is for abstract concepts or large-scale physical phenomena.
Wrong: Распространение масла на хлеб.
Correct: Намазывание масла на хлеб.
To sound like a native speaker, you should know when to use распространение and when to choose a synonym.
- Диффузия (Diffusion)
- Used in chemistry, physics, and sometimes sociology to describe a slow, natural mixing or spreading. Распространение is more general and can be active or intentional.
- Пропаганда (Propaganda)
- Specifically for the spread of ideas, often with a biased or political intent. Распространение идей is more neutral.
- Рассылка (Mailing/Distribution)
- Used for sending out emails, newsletters, or physical mail. It is a specific method of распространение.
- Популяризация (Popularization)
- The spread of knowledge to make it accessible to the general public. 'Распространение знаний' is broader; 'популяризация науки' is specific to making science popular.
Comparison Table:
| Word | Best For... |
|---|---|
| Распространение | Viruses, news, light, general ideas |
| Раздача | Handing out physical items (flyers, food) |
| Трансляция | Broadcasting (radio, TV, live streams) |
How Formal Is It?
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Le savais-tu ?
The root '-стран-' is the same one found in 'страна' (country) and 'странный' (strange). Originally, 'странный' meant someone from another 'сторона' (side) or country, thus a 'stranger'.
Guide de prononciation
- Stressing the 'стра' instead of 'не'.
- Pronouncing the first 'о' clearly as /o/ instead of the reduced /a/ or schwa.
- Missing the second 'с' in spelling.
- Failing to palatalize the 'н' before 'и'.
- Confusing the ending '-ие' with '-ье'.
Niveau de difficulté
Common in news and academic texts, but long and requires understanding of cases.
Spelling (double 'с') and Genitive case requirements make it tricky.
Tongue-twister potential due to multiple syllables and clusters.
Usually pronounced clearly in formal contexts.
Quoi apprendre ensuite
Prérequis
Apprends ensuite
Avancé
Grammaire à connaître
Verbal Nouns in -ие
распространить -> распространение
Genitive of the Object
распространение (чего?) информации
Dative after 'способствовать'
способствовать (чему?) распространению
Neuter Noun Declension
в распространении (Prepositional)
Prefix 'рас-' before 'с'
ра-с-с-пространение (spelling rule)
Exemples par niveau
Это распространение информации.
This is the spread of information.
Simple subject-predicate structure.
Распространение вируса — это плохо.
The spread of the virus is bad.
Noun + Genitive + predicate.
Мы видим распространение интернета.
We see the spread of the internet.
Direct object in Accusative.
Быстрое распространение новостей.
Rapid spread of news.
Adjective + Noun.
Распространение книг важно.
Distribution of books is important.
Genitive plural 'книг'.
Тут есть распространение рекламы.
There is distribution of advertising here.
Existential sentence.
Я изучаю распространение звука.
I am studying the propagation of sound.
Verb + Accusative.
Это широкое распространение.
This is a wide distribution.
Neuter adjective ending -ое.
Распространение газет в городе.
Distribution of newspapers in the city.
Genitive plural 'газет'.
Интернет помогает в распространении знаний.
The internet helps in the dissemination of knowledge.
Prepositional case 'в распространении'.
Они обсуждали распространение болезни.
They discussed the spread of the illness.
Accusative case.
Это привело к распространению слухов.
This led to the spread of rumors.
Dative case after 'к'.
Распространение этого приложения было быстрым.
The spread of this app was fast.
Genitive 'приложения'.
Мы против распространения мусора.
We are against the spread of trash.
Genitive after 'против'.
Широкое распространение мобильных телефонов.
Wide spread of mobile phones.
Common collocation.
Распространение света в воде.
Propagation of light in water.
Scientific context.
Социальные сети ускоряют распространение информации.
Social networks accelerate the spread of information.
Subject-Verb-Object.
Учёные следят за распространением вируса.
Scientists are monitoring the spread of the virus.
Instrumental case after 'за'.
Эта идея получила широкое распространение.
This idea has gained wide acceptance/distribution.
Fixed phrase 'получить распространение'.
Мы должны предотвратить распространение огня.
We must prevent the spread of fire.
Infinitive + Accusative.
Распространение листовок на улице запрещено.
Distribution of flyers on the street is prohibited.
Passive construction.
Они изучают пути распространения инфекции.
They are studying the paths of infection spread.
Complex Genitive chain.
Распространение новой моды среди молодёжи.
The spread of new fashion among the youth.
Preposition 'среди' + Genitive.
Закон о распространении персональных данных.
Law on the dissemination of personal data.
Legal terminology.
Глобализация способствует распространению культурных ценностей.
Globalization facilitates the spread of cultural values.
Dative case after 'способствует'.
Ограничение распространения ядерного оружия.
Limiting the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
International relations terminology.
Распространение ложной информации карается законом.
The dissemination of false information is punishable by law.
Formal register.
Влияние интернета на распространение английского языка.
The influence of the internet on the spread of the English language.
Preposition 'на' + Accusative.
Скорость распространения звука зависит от среды.
The speed of sound propagation depends on the medium.
Scientific fact.
Это привело к неконтролируемому распространению эпидемии.
This led to the uncontrolled spread of the epidemic.
Compound adjective.
Распространение опыта передовых компаний.
Dissemination of the experience of leading companies.
Corporate jargon.
Мы наблюдаем распространение пустынь из-за климата.
We are observing the spread of deserts due to the climate.
Environmental context.
Масштабное распространение цифровых технологий изменило рынок.
The large-scale proliferation of digital technologies has changed the market.
C1 level vocabulary like 'масштабное'.
Распространение влияния этой партии вызывает споры.
The spread of this party's influence is causing controversy.
Abstract noun usage.
Механизмы распространения инноваций в экономике.
Mechanisms of innovation diffusion in the economy.
Academic terminology.
Препятствовать распространению экстремистских идей.
To hinder the dissemination of extremist ideas.
Formal verb 'препятствовать'.
Распространение грамотности было приоритетом государства.
The spread of literacy was a state priority.
Historical context.
Зона распространения данного вида животных ограничена.
The distribution area of this animal species is limited.
Biological 'habitat/range'.
Распространение радиоволн в ионосфере.
Propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere.
Technical physics.
Это способствовало широкому распространению христианства.
This contributed to the wide spread of Christianity.
Historical analysis.
Диффузное распространение культурных парадигм в эпоху постмодерна.
The diffuse dissemination of cultural paradigms in the postmodern era.
High-level academic jargon.
Трансграничное распространение загрязняющих веществ.
Transboundary spread of pollutants.
Legal/Environmental term 'трансграничное'.
Распространение юрисдикции суда на новые территории.
The extension of the court's jurisdiction to new territories.
Legal nuance.
Феномен вирального распространения контента.
The phenomenon of viral content dissemination.
Modern media theory.
Сдерживание распространения оружия массового поражения.
Containment of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
Diplomatic standard phrase.
Распространение метастазов — критическая стадия болезни.
The spread of metastases is a critical stage of the disease.
Medical precision.
Закономерности распространения звуковых колебаний в неоднородной среде.
Patterns of sound vibration propagation in a non-homogeneous medium.
Scientific thesis style.
Распространение печатного слова радикально изменило сознание человека.
The spread of the printed word radically changed human consciousness.
Philosophical/Historical tone.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
— Sharing or broadcasting news/data to a large audience.
Свобода распространения информации — это право человека.
— The biological process of an infection moving through a population.
Меры по борьбе с распространением вируса.
— The educational process of making information available to many.
Миссия фонда — распространение знаний о космосе.
— Increasing the power or reach of a person, country, or idea.
Распространение влияния в интернете.
— The act of telling unverified stories to many people.
Прекратите распространение этих глупых слухов!
— Sharing professional skills or best practices with others.
Конференция посвящена распространению опыта учителей.
— The systematic distribution of marketing materials.
Агентство занимается распространением рекламы.
— The physical movement of waves through a medium.
Законы распространения радиоволн.
— The logistics of getting goods to consumers.
Сеть для распространения новой продукции.
— The propagation of philosophical or political thoughts.
Распространение идей демократии.
Souvent confondu avec
Means 'allocation' or 'sharing out' of finite resources.
Means 'location' or 'arrangement'.
Means 'distance'.
Expressions idiomatiques
— To become widely accepted or commonly used (metaphorical spreading).
Это слово получило права гражданства в нашем языке.
Literary— To spread incredibly fast (usually news or rumors).
Новость разнеслась по городу как пожар.
Informal— To be disseminated among the common people.
Искусство должно идти в массы.
Ideological— To spread an idea so successfully that people believe it.
Эта теория быстро завоевала умы учёных.
Formal— To start spreading or taking off (metaphorical).
Проект наконец-то встал на крыло.
Journalistic— To spread and become established in a place.
Эта традиция пустила здесь корни.
Neutral— To spread an idea until it controls the public consciousness.
Идея, овладевшая массами, становится силой.
Political— To spread outward like ripples in water.
Последствия этого решения разошлись кругами по всей стране.
Literary— To spread and increase in number (biblical origin).
Ошибки в коде начали плодиться и размножаться.
Humorous/Formal— To spread a product so widely it dominates.
Компания планирует захватить рынок за год.
BusinessFacile à confondre
Both start with 'рас-' and relate to moving things.
Распределение is about dividing a whole into parts (like money). Распространение is about making something cover a larger area (like a rumor).
Распределение бюджета vs Распространение слухов.
Shared root '-стран-'.
Пространство is the noun 'space' itself. Распространение is the action of filling that space.
Открытое пространство vs Распространение запаха.
Both involve sending information.
Рассылка is the specific act of sending mail/messages. Распространение is the broader concept of the information spreading.
Email-рассылка vs Распространение знаний.
Used in tech/media.
Трансляция is a live broadcast or transmission. Распространение is the general spread or distribution.
Прямая трансляция матча vs Распространение контента.
Both involve ideas reaching people.
Популяризация is specifically making something complex easy to understand and popular. Распространение is just the act of spreading.
Популяризация науки vs Распространение брошюр.
Structures de phrases
Распространение [Genitive] — это [Adjective].
Распространение знаний — это важно.
Это привело к распространению [Genitive].
Это привело к распространению вируса.
Данная технология получила широкое распространение в [Noun-Prep].
Данная технология получила широкое распространение в медицине.
Мы должны препятствовать распространению [Genitive].
Мы должны препятствовать распространению лжи.
Механизмы распространения [Genitive] обусловлены [Instrumental].
Механизмы распространения инноваций обусловлены рынком.
Скорость распространения [Genitive] составляет [Number].
Скорость распространения звука составляет 340 м/с.
Зона распространения [Genitive] охватывает [Accusative].
Зона распространения вида охватывает всю Сибирь.
Влияние на распространение [Genitive].
Влияние на распространение культуры.
Famille de mots
Noms
Verbes
Adjectifs
Apparenté
Comment l'utiliser
High in professional/media contexts; low in casual conversation.
-
Распространение масло на хлеб.
→
Намазывание масла на хлеб.
You cannot use 'распространение' for physical smearing of food.
-
Распространение информацию.
→
Распространение информации.
The noun following 'распространение' must be in the Genitive case, not Accusative.
-
Рапространение (missing an 'с').
→
Распространение.
The word requires two 'с' letters because of the prefix and root structure.
-
Распределение вируса.
→
Распространение вируса.
A virus spreads (распространяется), it isn't 'distributed' like a resource.
-
Остановить распространение огню.
→
Остановить распространение огня.
Again, the Genitive case is required for the object of the spread.
Astuces
Case Mastery
Always pair 'распространение' with the Genitive. If you want to say 'the spread of news', say 'распространение новостей'. Practice this until it becomes automatic.
The 'Get' Phrase
Memorize the phrase 'получить распространение' (to gain distribution/become widespread). It's used for everything from new technologies to social customs.
The Double S
Remember the double 'с'. Think of it as 'RAS' + 'SPREAD'. In Russian: 'РАС' + 'С'. This will help you avoid the most common spelling mistake.
Stay Formal
Use this word in essays, business emails, and presentations. It instantly elevates your Russian from intermediate to advanced/professional.
Think Scale
Only use this word when talking about something moving across a significant area or to many people. For small-scale things, use simpler words.
Penultimate Stress
The stress is on the 'Е' near the end. Don't let the long word confuse you; the rhythm always leads to that 'Е'.
Waves and Light
If you are a student of physics or engineering, this is a core technical term for wave propagation.
Infection Control
In medical contexts, this word is essential for discussing how diseases move through a community.
Ideas and Ideologies
Use this to describe how religions or political systems moved across continents in historical essays.
Distinguish from Distribution
Always ask: Am I spreading something (распространение) or dividing something (распределение)?
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Think of 'RAS-PRO-STRAN-enie' as 'RE-SPREAD-STRANA'. Imagine a giant hand spreading a map across the whole country (страна).
Association visuelle
Visualize a drop of ink hitting water and expanding in all directions. That expansion is 'распространение'.
Word Web
Défi
Try to write three sentences about how a piece of news might experience 'распространение' in your hometown.
Origine du mot
Formed from the prefix 'рас-' (meaning apart/out) + 'про-' (forward) + the root '-стран-' (meaning space/side/country) + the suffix '-ение' (forming a verbal noun).
Sens originel : The act of making something occupy more space or bringing it to various sides/countries.
Slavic (Indo-European)Contexte culturel
Be careful when discussing the 'распространение' of political ideas or sensitive data in Russia, as it can have legal implications.
In English, we often use 'spread' for everything. In Russian, 'распространение' is more formal and specific than just 'spread'.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Epidemiology
- остановить распространение вируса
- мониторинг распространения
- эпицентр распространения
- скорость заражения
Information Technology
- распространение ПО
- виральное распространение
- каналы распространения контента
- безопасность данных
Physics
- распространение волн
- среда распространения
- коэффициент распространения
- фронт волны
Law
- незаконное распространение
- запрет на распространение
- ответственность за распространение
- авторские права
Business
- распространение продукции
- сеть распространения
- стратегия распространения
- охват рынка
Amorces de conversation
"Как вы думаете, распространение фейковых новостей можно остановить?"
"Какое изобретение получило самое широкое распространение в этом веке?"
"Влияет ли распространение интернета на уровень образования в мире?"
"Какие пути распространения информации вы считаете наиболее надежными?"
"Как остановить распространение паники в кризисных ситуациях?"
Sujets d'écriture
Опишите процесс распространения вашей любимой идеи или хобби среди ваших друзей.
Напишите эссе о том, как распространение смартфонов изменило наше общение.
Рассуждайте о рисках, связанных с бесконтрольным распространением личных данных.
Как распространение английского языка влияет на вашу родную культуру?
Опишите научный эксперимент, изучающий распространение звука или света.
Questions fréquentes
10 questionsNo, that would sound very strange. Use the verb 'намазывать' (to smear/spread) for food. 'Распространение' is for abstract things or large physical phenomena like waves or diseases.
It is spelled with two 'с' letters: ра-с-с-пространение. The first 'с' belongs to the prefix 'рас-', and the second 'с' is the start of the root-related structure.
The Genitive case (кого? чего?) always follows it to indicate what is being spread. Example: 'распространение информации'.
Yes. 'Диффузия' is a scientific term for particles or cultures mixing naturally. 'Распространение' is more general and can be intentional or systematic.
It is 'нераспространение'. It is most commonly used in the context of nuclear weapons: 'Договор о нераспространении ядерного оружия'.
Grammatically, yes (распространения), but in practice, it is almost always used in the singular because it describes a process or concept.
The imperfective verb is 'распространять' and the perfective is 'распространить'.
Not inherently. It depends on what is spreading. 'Распространение знаний' is positive, while 'распространение вируса' is negative.
Yes, for the distribution of products or marketing materials. 'Сеть распространения товаров' (goods distribution network).
The stress is on the 'е' in the suffix: распространЕние.
Teste-toi 180 questions
Write a sentence about the spread of news using 'распространение'.
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Describe why the spread of a virus is dangerous.
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Write a formal sentence about the distribution of knowledge.
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Use 'широкое распространение' in a sentence about a phone.
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Explain the difference between spreading rumors and spreading facts.
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Discuss the spread of technology in your country.
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Write a sentence with 'остановить распространение'.
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Write a sentence with 'способствовать распространению'.
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Write about the propagation of sound.
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Describe the spread of a new fashion trend.
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Warn someone about spreading false information.
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Use 'зона распространения' in a sentence.
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Write about the distribution of flyers.
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Write about the spread of influence.
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Discuss the non-proliferation of weapons.
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Write a sentence with 'быстрое распространение'.
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Describe the spread of a forest fire.
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Write about the dissemination of personal data.
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Write about the distribution of books in schools.
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Discuss the spread of healthy lifestyle ideas.
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Say 'The spread of information' in Russian.
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Say 'Wide distribution of smartphones'.
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Say 'Propagation of sound waves'.
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Say 'Stop the spread of the virus'.
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Say 'Illegal distribution of drugs'.
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Say 'The spread of the internet changed the world'.
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Say 'Rapid spread of rumors'.
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Say 'Facilitate the spread of knowledge'.
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Say 'The area of distribution of this species'.
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Say 'Distribution of flyers'.
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Say 'Control the spread of fire'.
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Say 'Dissemination of innovations in the economy'.
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Say 'Wide distribution of new ideas'.
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Say 'Speed of light propagation'.
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Say 'Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons'.
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Say 'The spread of a flu epidemic'.
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Say 'Dissemination of information in social media'.
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Say 'Ways of infection spread'.
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Say 'The spread of the smell of coffee'.
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Say 'Prevent the spread of false news'.
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Listen and write the missing word: 'Быстрое ___ информации.'
Listen and write the missing word: 'Широкое ___ технологий.'
Listen and write the missing word: 'Договор о ___ ядерного оружия.'
Listen and write the missing word: 'Остановить ___ вируса.'
Listen and write the missing word: 'Пути ___ инфекции.'
Listen and write the missing word: 'Скорость ___ звука.'
Listen and write the missing word: 'Распространение ___ в офисе.'
Listen and write the missing word: 'Способствовать ___ знаний.'
Listen and write the missing word: 'Зона ___ вида.'
Listen and write the missing word: 'Распространение ___ на улице.'
Listen and write the missing word: 'Препятствовать ___ лжи.'
Listen and write the missing word: 'Незаконное ___ данных.'
Listen and write the missing word: 'Распространение ___ света.'
Listen and write the missing word: 'Масштабное ___ интернета.'
Listen and write the missing word: 'Механизмы ___ инноваций.'
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word 'распространение' is your go-to term for describing the wide-scale expansion of anything from a flu virus to a political ideology. Example: 'Распространение знаний — ключ к успеху' (The dissemination of knowledge is the key to success).
- A formal noun meaning 'spread', 'dissemination', or 'propagation'.
- Used for news, ideas, viruses, light, sound, and products.
- Always takes the Genitive case for the object being spread.
- Essential for C1 level academic and professional Russian discourse.
Case Mastery
Always pair 'распространение' with the Genitive. If you want to say 'the spread of news', say 'распространение новостей'. Practice this until it becomes automatic.
The 'Get' Phrase
Memorize the phrase 'получить распространение' (to gain distribution/become widespread). It's used for everything from new technologies to social customs.
The Double S
Remember the double 'с'. Think of it as 'RAS' + 'SPREAD'. In Russian: 'РАС' + 'С'. This will help you avoid the most common spelling mistake.
Stay Formal
Use this word in essays, business emails, and presentations. It instantly elevates your Russian from intermediate to advanced/professional.
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