Overview
The Slovenian word for 'ten' is 'deset'. It is a fundamental numeral and is used in various contexts, similar to how 'ten' is used in English. Here's a detailed breakdown:
1. Cardinal Number:
'Deset' functions primarily as a cardinal number, indicating a quantity of ten. For example:
* 'Deset evrov' (ten euros)
2. Declension (Sklanjanje):
Slovenian nouns, adjectives, and some numerals (including 'deset') decline, meaning their endings change depending on their grammatical case, gender, and number. 'Deset' primarily behaves like a noun in some declensions, although it's classified as a numeral. It has forms for all six cases in singular:
- Nominative (Imenovalnik): deset (used for the subject of a sentence)
- Example: 'Deset ljudi je prišlo.' (Ten people came.)
- Genitive (Rodilnik): desetih (used after prepositions like 'brez' (without), 'od' (from), 'do' (to), or to indicate possession/part of a whole)
- Example: 'Ni bilo desetih jabolk.' (There weren't ten apples.)
- Dative (Dajalnik): desetim (used for the indirect object, or after prepositions like 'k' (to), 'proti' (towards))
- Example: 'Dal sem darilo desetim prijateljem.' (I gave a gift to ten friends.)
- Accusative (Tožilnik): deset (used for the direct object, or after prepositions like 'za' (for), 'v' (into))
- Example: 'Vidim deset avtomobilov.' (I see ten cars.)
- Locative (Mestnik): desetih (always used with prepositions like 'pri' (at), 'o' (about), 'v' (in))
- Example: 'Govorili smo o desetih stvareh.' (We talked about ten things.)
- Instrumental (Orodnik): desetimi (used to indicate the instrument or means, or after prepositions like 'z' (with), 'med' (between))
- Example: 'Šel je z desetimi psi.' (He went with ten dogs.)
It's important to note that when 'deset' is used with a noun, the noun following it is typically in the genitive plural (e.g., 'deset jabolk' - ten apples, where 'jabolk' is genitive plural of 'jabolko'). However, when 'deset' itself declines, it influences the case of the following noun less directly, and agreement rules apply.
3. Ordinal Number:
The ordinal form for 'tenth' is 'deseti' (masculine), 'deseta' (feminine), 'deseto' (neuter). These forms decline like adjectives.
- Example: 'To je deseta stran.' (This is the tenth page.)
4. Compound Numbers:
* 'Štirideset' (forty)
- etc.
5. Common Phrases and Idioms:
While not as rich in idioms as some other numbers, 'deset' appears in standard numerical expressions.
Understanding the declension of 'deset' and its role in forming other numbers is crucial for correct and natural communication in Slovenian. It's a foundational element of numerical expression in the language.
Exemples
Collocations courantes
Souvent confondu avec
Modèles grammaticaux
Expressions idiomatiques
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pravilo, ki se ga je treba strogo držati
Comment l'utiliser
Notes d'usage
'Deset' is the Slovenian word for the number ten. It is an invariable numeral, meaning its form does not change based on gender, case, or number of the noun it modifies. When used with nouns, the noun typically takes the genitive plural form if it's countable. For example, 'deset knjig' (ten books) where 'knjig' is the genitive plural of 'knjiga' (book). However, if 'deset' refers to a collective or an uncountable noun, the noun often remains in the nominative singular, though this is less common with 'deset' specifically. 'Deset' can also stand alone, as in answering a question like 'Koliko je ur?' (How many hours are there?) – 'Deset.' (Ten.). It is pronounced with the stress on the first syllable: /dɛˈsɛt/. There are no special colloquialisms or idiomatic expressions directly centered around 'deset' that drastically alter its meaning, it primarily functions as a straightforward cardinal number.
Erreurs courantes
Slovenes pronounce the 's' as a soft 's' sound, not a 'z' sound. Also, remember that 'deset' itself does not inflect for gender, but the nouns it modifies will. The inflections provided are for when 'deset' functions as a standalone pronoun or part of a larger numerical expression.
Astuces
Uporaba števnikov
Razlika med 'deset' in 'desetica'
Frazemi in idiomi z 'deset'
Origine du mot
From Proto-Slavic *desętь, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱm̥.
Contexte culturel
In Slovenia, 'deset' (ten) holds various cultural nuances. It's a common number encountered in everyday life, from pricing to counting. Historically, numbers have played a role in folk traditions and superstitions, although 'deset' doesn't carry as strong a symbolic weight as some other numbers like three or seven. However, it's a foundational number in the decimal system, which is universally used in Slovenia, influencing how people perceive and interact with quantities. In educational settings, children learn 'deset' early on as a building block for more complex mathematics. Furthermore, in social contexts, people might use phrases involving 'deset' to emphasize a quantity or duration, for example, 'deset minut' (ten minutes) or 'deset let' (ten years), without specific deep cultural symbolism attached beyond its numerical value. It's a straightforward representation of quantity.
Astuce mémo
Think of 'deset' sounding a bit like 'dessert' – maybe you can only have ten desserts before you're full!
Questions fréquentes
4 questionsTeste-toi
Jaz imam _____ prstov na rokah.
Kupila sem _____ jabolk na tržnici.
Na uri je točno _____
Score : /3
