The preposition 'do' marks the end point or limit in space, time, or quantity and always governs the genitive case.
Mot en 30 secondes
- Used to indicate spatial or temporal limits and boundaries.
- Always requires the noun to be in the genitive case.
- Commonly paired with 'od' to mean 'from... to...'
Pregled
Predlog 'do' je eden najpogosteje uporabljenih predlogov v slovenščini in je ključen za začetno stopnjo učenja (A1). Njegova glavna naloga je določanje meje ali cilja, bodisi v fizičnem prostoru, času ali pri številskih vrednostih. Vedno se uporablja v povezavi z rodilnikom (drugim sklonom).
Vzorci uporabe
Najpogostejši vzorec je 'do + samostalnik v rodilniku'. Pri krajevni uporabi označuje cilj gibanja (npr. 'grem do trgovine'), pri čemer poudarja, da se ustavimo pri meji tega objekta. V časovnem smislu določa skrajni rok ali trajanje (npr. 'čakam do petih'). Zelo pogosto nastopa v paru s predlogom 'od', s čimer tvorimo konstrukcijo 'od... do...' za izražanje celotnega razpona med dvema točkama.
Pogosti konteksti
V vsakdanjem jeziku ga srečamo pri navodilih za pot ('peljite do križišča'), pri določanju delovnega časa ('odprto do 20. ure') in pri nakupovanju ali receptih ('dodajte do pol litra vode'). Uporablja se tudi v prenesenem pomenu za izražanje stopnje ali odnosa, npr. 'imeti spoštovanje do nekoga'.
Primerjava s podobnimi besedami
Pogosto prihaja do zmede med 'do' in 'k/h'. Predlog 'k' (z dajalnikom) se uporablja predvsem za smer proti osebi ali cilju z namenom obiska (npr. 'grem k zdravniku'), medtem ko 'do' poudarja dosego fizične meje ali točke v prostoru. V primerjavi s predlogom 'v', ki pomeni vstop v notranjost, 'do' nakazuje, da se gibanje zaključi na robu ali pred ciljem. Pravilna izbira sklona (rodilnik) po predlogu 'do' je ključna za slovnično pravilnost, saj uporaba napačnega končaja pogosto razkrije tujega govorca.
Exemples
Pridi do mene po službi.
everydayCome to my place after work.
Prosimo, pošljite prijavo do ponedeljka.
formalPlease send the application by Monday.
Siti smo že do grla!
informalWe are fed up to our throats!
Vrednosti so narasle do kritične meje.
academicValues have risen to a critical limit.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
do sitega
until full (eating)
do zadnjega
until the last one / to the end
do kdaj?
until when?
Souvent confondu avec
'Do' indicates reaching a boundary or limit (genitive), while 'k' indicates movement toward a person or destination (dative).
'Do' means 'up to the edge', whereas 'v' means 'into' or 'inside' the destination.
Modèles grammaticaux
How to Use It
Notes d'usage
The preposition 'do' is neutral and used across all registers of the Slovenian language. It is strictly tied to the genitive case, and failing to use the correct case ending is a frequent error for beginners. In temporal contexts, it can mean both 'until' (duration) and 'by' (deadline).
Erreurs courantes
The most common mistake is using the nominative case after 'do' (e.g., saying 'do teden' instead of 'do tedna'). Another error is using 'do' when 'k' is more appropriate for social visits to people's homes, though 'do mene' is acceptable in colloquial speech.
Tips
Master the genitive case first
Since 'do' always takes the genitive, practice noun endings like -a (masculine) and -e (feminine) to use it correctly.
Do not confuse with 'to' in English
English 'to' can be translated as 'v', 'k', or 'do'. Use 'do' only when you mean 'up to' or 'as far as'.
Punctuality and deadlines
Slovenians use 'do' strictly for deadlines. 'Do petka' means the task must be finished no later than Friday.
Origine du mot
Derived from Proto-Slavic *do, which comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *de- indicating a demonstrative or directional sense.
Contexte culturel
In Slovenian culture, being 'točen' (on time) is important, so 'do' is frequently used in scheduling and social agreements to define strict boundaries.
Astuce mémo
Think of 'do' as the first two letters of 'door'. You walk 'do' (up to) the door, but you don't necessarily go through it yet.
Questions fréquentes
4 questionsPredlogu 'do' vedno sledi rodilnik (2. sklon). Na primer: 'do hiše', 'do konca', 'do jutra'.
Da, vendar običajno pomeni 'do mesta, kjer je oseba'. Na primer: 'Pridi do mene' pomeni 'Come to where I am'.
'Do' označuje mejo ali cilj (do katere točke), 'k' pa smer (proti komu/čemu). 'Do' zahteva rodilnik, 'k' pa dajalnik.
V slovenščini rečemo 'do jutri'. Predlog 'do' se pogosto uporablja za časovne omejitve.
Teste-toi
Tečem od gozda ___ šole.
Struktura 'od... do...' se uporablja za razdaljo med dvema točkama.
Čakam te do ___.
Po predlogu 'do' mora biti samostalnik 'večer' v rodilniku, kar je 'večera'.
do / konca / pij / kave
Pravilen vrstni red poudarja dejanje pitja do določene meje (konca).
Score : /3
Summary
The preposition 'do' marks the end point or limit in space, time, or quantity and always governs the genitive case.
- Used to indicate spatial or temporal limits and boundaries.
- Always requires the noun to be in the genitive case.
- Commonly paired with 'od' to mean 'from... to...'
Master the genitive case first
Since 'do' always takes the genitive, practice noun endings like -a (masculine) and -e (feminine) to use it correctly.
Do not confuse with 'to' in English
English 'to' can be translated as 'v', 'k', or 'do'. Use 'do' only when you mean 'up to' or 'as far as'.
Punctuality and deadlines
Slovenians use 'do' strictly for deadlines. 'Do petka' means the task must be finished no later than Friday.
Exemples
4 sur 4Pridi do mene po službi.
Come to my place after work.
Prosimo, pošljite prijavo do ponedeljka.
Please send the application by Monday.
Siti smo že do grla!
We are fed up to our throats!
Vrednosti so narasle do kritične meje.
Values have risen to a critical limit.
