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Question Particle (-mi)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Add '-mi' to the end of a sentence to turn a statement into a yes/no question.

  • Attach -mi directly to the end of the word you are questioning: 'Bu kitobmi?' (Is this a book?)
  • If the word ends in a consonant, add -mi: 'Dostmi?' (Is it a friend?)
  • If the sentence has a verb, -mi usually follows the verb: 'Keldingizmi?' (Did you come?)
Sentence + mi? = Question

Meanings

The particle '-mi' is used to transform a declarative sentence into a polar (yes/no) question.

1

Yes/No Question

Turning a statement into a question.

“Bu qalammi?”

“U keldimi?”

Question Formation

Statement Question Translation
U keldi U keldimi? Did he come?
Bu qalam Bu qalammi? Is this a pen?
Siz talabasiz Siz talabamisiz? Are you a student?
Ular ketyapti Ular ketyaptimi? Are they leaving?
Bu tayyor Bu tayyormi? Is this ready?
Siz tushundingiz Siz tushundingizmi? Did you understand?

Reference Table

Reference table for Question Particle (-mi)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Subject + Verb U keldi.
Question Subject + Verb + mi? U keldimi?
Negative Subject + Verb + mas U kelmadi.
Negative Question Subject + Verb + mas + mi? U kelmadimi?
Short Answer (Yes) Ha Ha, keldi.
Short Answer (No) Yo'q Yo'q, kelmadi.

Spectre de formalité

Formel
Siz kelasizmi?

Siz kelasizmi? (Invitation)

Neutre
Kelasizmi?

Kelasizmi? (Invitation)

Informel
Kelasanmi?

Kelasanmi? (Invitation)

Argot
Kelyapsanmi?

Kelyapsanmi? (Invitation)

The -mi Particle Map

-mi

Usage

  • Yes/No Binary questions

Placement

  • End Suffix position
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Exemples par niveau

1

Bu kitobmi?

Is this a book?

2

U talabami?

Is he a student?

3

Bu osonmi?

Is this easy?

4

Ovqat tayyormi?

Is the food ready?

1

Siz ertaga kelasizmi?

Are you coming tomorrow?

2

Ular uyda ekanmi?

Are they at home?

3

Bu mashina siznikimi?

Is this car yours?

4

Dars boshlandimi?

Has the lesson started?

1

Shunchalik qiyinmi?

Is it that difficult?

2

Sizga yordam kerakmi?

Do you need help?

3

Ular buni bilishadimi?

Do they know this?

4

Hamma narsa joyidami?

Is everything in place?

1

Bu taklifni qabul qilasizmi?

Will you accept this offer?

2

Sizningcha, bu adolatlimi?

In your opinion, is this fair?

3

Ular kelishganmi?

Have they agreed?

4

Bu vaziyatni tushunish qiyinmi?

Is it hard to understand this situation?

1

Nahotki u shunday qilgan bo'lsa?

Could he really have done that?

2

Sizdan so'rashim mumkinmi?

May I ask you?

3

Bu masala hal bo'ldimi?

Has this issue been resolved?

4

Ular o'z fikrlarini o'zgartirishdimi?

Have they changed their minds?

1

Sizningcha, bu yondashuv samaralimi?

Do you think this approach is effective?

2

Ushbu qaror qabul qilindimi?

Has this decision been adopted?

3

Bu tushuncha qanchalik chuqurmi?

How deep is this concept?

4

Ular o'z vazifalarini bajardimi?

Have they fulfilled their duties?

Facile à confondre

Question Particle (-mi) vs Question words (Kim/Nima)

Learners add -mi to question words.

Question Particle (-mi) vs Tag questions

Learners try to translate 'isn't it?'

Question Particle (-mi) vs Intonation

Learners rely only on intonation.

Erreurs courantes

✗

Mi bu kitob?

✓

Bu kitobmi?

The particle must come after the word, not before.
✗

Bu kitob mi?

✓

Bu kitobmi?

It is usually attached as a suffix.
✗

Siz talaba mi?

✓

Siz talabamisiz?

The personal suffix needs to be handled correctly.
✗

U keldi mi?

✓

U keldimi?

Attach it to the verb.
✗

Nima uchun keldingmi?

✓

Nima uchun kelding?

Don't use -mi with question words.
✗

Ular kelishdimi?

✓

Ular kelishdimi?

Correct, but ensure the verb is conjugated.
✗

Bu qimmatmi yoki arzonmi?

✓

Bu qimmatmi yoki arzon?

Only one -mi is needed in the first part.
✗

Siz buni qildingizmi yoki yo'qmi?

✓

Siz buni qildingizmi?

Keep it simple.
✗

U keladimi yoki kelmaydimi?

✓

U keladimi?

Avoid unnecessary repetition.
✗

Bu to'g'rimi yoki noto'g'rimi?

✓

Bu to'g'rimi?

Avoid redundancy.
✗

Siz buni bilasizmi yoki bilmaysizmi?

✓

Siz buni bilasizmi?

Conciseness is preferred.
✗

U keldimi, yo'qmi?

✓

U keldimi?

Redundant.
✗

Bu shartmi yoki shart emasmi?

✓

Bu shartmi?

Redundant.
✗

Ular tayyormi yoki tayyor emasmi?

✓

Ular tayyormi?

Redundant.

Structures de phrases

Bu ___ mi?

Siz ___ mi?

U ___ mi?

Sizga ___ mi?

Real World Usage

Social Media constant

Rasmlar yoqdimi?

Texting constant

Keldingmi?

Job Interview common

Tajribangiz bormi?

Travel very common

Bu avtobus markazga boradimi?

Food Delivery common

Ovqat issiqmi?

Classroom very common

Tushundingizmi?

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💡

Placement

Always attach -mi to the word you are questioning.
⚠️

Redundancy

Do not use -mi with question words like 'nima'.
🎯

Intonation

Let your voice rise at the end.
💬

Politeness

Using -mi is polite and standard.

Smart Tips

Attach -mi directly to the word you want to emphasize.

Bu kitobmi? → Bu kitobmi yoki qalammi?

Don't repeat -mi in your answer.

Ha, tayyormi. → Ha, tayyor.

Drop -mi if you use 'kim' or 'nima'.

Nima uchunmi kelding? → Nima uchun kelding?

Use rising intonation.

Bu kitobmi (flat). → Bu kitobmi? (rising).

Prononciation

mi (high pitch)

Intonation

The pitch rises at the end of the sentence when using -mi.

Rising

Bu kitobmi? ↑

Standard question

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'mi' as a 'mini' question mark that you stick onto the end of your sentence.

Association visuelle

Imagine a sentence as a train, and the '-mi' is a little red caboose that turns the whole train into a question.

Rhyme

When you want to know the truth, just add 'mi' to your youth.

Story

Ali is walking. He sees a box. He asks, 'Bu qutimi?' (Is this a box?). He opens it. 'Ichida narsa bormi?' (Is there something inside?). He is happy.

Word Web

qalammikeldimitayyormitushundingizmiyaxshimitinchmi

Défi

Ask 5 people around you 5 different questions using '-mi' today.

Notes culturelles

Using -mi is very polite. It is preferred over blunt statements.

The particle -mi is of Turkic origin, common across the language family.

Amorces de conversation

“

Ismingiz nima?

“

Bugun havo yaxshimi?

“

Siz o'zbek tilini o'rganyapsizmi?

“

Sizga yordam kerakmi?

Sujets d'écriture

Write 5 questions you want to ask a friend.
Describe your day using only questions.
Write a dialogue between a shopkeeper and a customer.
Argue for a point using rhetorical questions.
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Test Yourself

Add -mi to the sentence.

Bu qalam ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mi
The particle is -mi.
Choose the correct question. Choix multiple

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bu kitobmi?
Particle goes at the end.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Nima uchunmi kelding?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nima uchun kelding?
No -mi with question words.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: U keldimi?
Subject first.
Translate to Uzbek. Traduction

Is he a student?

Answer starts with: U t...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: U talabami?
Correct structure.
Is this true? True False Rule

Can you use -mi with 'nima'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Redundant.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Ovqat tayyor? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ha, tayyor.
Answer doesn't need -mi.
Conjugate with -mi. Conjugation Drill

Siz (o'qimoq) -mi?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Siz o'qiysizmi?
Correct conjugation.

Score: /8

Exercices pratiques

8 exercises
Add -mi to the sentence.

Bu qalam ___?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: mi
The particle is -mi.
Choose the correct question. Choix multiple

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Bu kitobmi?
Particle goes at the end.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Nima uchunmi kelding?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nima uchun kelding?
No -mi with question words.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

keldi / u / mi

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: U keldimi?
Subject first.
Translate to Uzbek. Traduction

Is he a student?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: U talabami?
Correct structure.
Is this true? True False Rule

Can you use -mi with 'nima'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Redundant.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Ovqat tayyor? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ha, tayyor.
Answer doesn't need -mi.
Conjugate with -mi. Conjugation Drill

Siz (o'qimoq) -mi?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Siz o'qiysizmi?
Correct conjugation.

Score: /8

FAQ (8)

Yes, for yes/no questions.

At the end of the word.

No, it is redundant.

It is neutral.

With 'ha' or 'yo'q'.

No, it is invariant.

Yes, always.

No, it's for questions.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Japanese high

ka

Japanese 'ka' is more formal than '-mi'.

Chinese high

ma

Chinese 'ma' is strictly for yes/no questions.

Arabic low

hal

Positioning is opposite.

Spanish none

inversion

Uzbek uses a particle.

French low

est-ce que

Uzbek is a suffix.

German none

verb-first

Uzbek uses morphology.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Connected Grammar

Question Words

Builds On

Expands questioning ability.

Personal Suffixes

Prerequisite

Needed for conjugation.

Verb Conjugation

Prerequisite

Needed for verb questions.

Modal Particles

Advanced Form

Adds nuance.

Next
Negation (-ma)
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