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A2 verb #3,000 le plus courant 12 min de lecture

描写

miáoxiě
At the A1 level, learners are just beginning their journey into the Chinese language. The word 描写 (miáo xiě) is generally considered slightly above this level for active production, as beginners are primarily focused on basic survival vocabulary, greetings, numbers, and simple sentence structures. However, it is entirely possible and quite common for A1 learners to encounter 描写 in passive contexts, particularly in the instructions of their textbooks or during classroom activities. For instance, a textbook exercise might have a heading that says '描写图片' (Describe the picture). Even if the student cannot yet use the word in a sentence, recognizing its characters and basic meaning is highly beneficial. The characters themselves offer a great learning opportunity. The first character, 描 (miáo), has the hand radical (扌), which is a fantastic way for beginners to start associating radicals with meaning—in this case, an action performed with the hand, like tracing or drawing. The second character, 写 (xiě), is one of the most fundamental verbs an A1 student learns, meaning 'to write.' By combining these two, the learner can deduce that 描写 has something to do with writing or drawing, which helps in memorizing the word's meaning: 'to describe.' Teachers might use the word when giving instructions, such as '请描写你的家人' (Please describe your family), prompting the student to use the basic adjectives they have learned (tall, short, big, small). Therefore, while A1 students might not actively say 'I am describing the scenery,' they are building the foundational recognition of 描写 that will serve them well as they progress to higher levels where detailed expression becomes necessary.
At the A2 level, 描写 (miáo xiě) becomes an active and essential part of a learner's vocabulary. Students at this stage are moving beyond simple sentences and are starting to string together ideas to describe their environment, routines, and people they know. 描写 is the perfect verb to facilitate this transition. An A2 learner should be able to use 描写 in straightforward Subject-Verb-Object sentences. For example, they can say '我描写我的朋友' (I describe my friend) or '书里描写了一个小村庄' (The book describes a small village). At this level, the focus is on practical, everyday descriptions. Students learn to pair 描写 with basic adjectives and adverbs to add slightly more detail, such as using '很好地' (very well) or '简单地' (simply). For instance, '他简单地描写了他的周末' (He simply described his weekend). This is also the stage where learners begin to read slightly longer texts, such as short stories or graded readers, where 描写 frequently appears to set the scene or introduce characters. Understanding this word helps A2 students grasp the context of what they are reading. Furthermore, in language exchange or conversation practice, an A2 learner can use 描写 to ask for information: '你能描写一下那个地方吗？' (Can you describe that place?). This demonstrates an ability to initiate more complex conversations and request specific details. While they might not yet grasp the subtle differences between 描写 and 描述, their ability to use 描写 to convey the idea of 'giving a description' marks a significant step towards conversational fluency and better reading comprehension.
Reaching the B1 level marks a transition into intermediate Chinese, where expressing thoughts with greater precision and detail is expected. Here, 描写 (miáo xiě) is not just a vocabulary word; it is a crucial tool for narrative and descriptive tasks. B1 learners are often required to write short essays, journal entries, or give presentations, and 描写 is central to these activities. At this stage, learners must master the use of adverbs with 描写, specifically using the structural particle 地 (de). Sentences like '作者生动地描写了春天的风景' (The author vividly described the spring scenery) become standard. They also learn to use 描写 as a noun, which is vital for discussing media or literature. For example, '这篇课文的景物描写很美' (The scenery description in this text is very beautiful). A key learning objective at the B1 level is distinguishing 描写 from its close synonym 描述 (miáo shù). B1 students learn that 描写 is used for vivid, artistic, or detailed portrayals (like in a story), while 描述 is for factual, objective accounts (like reporting an event). This distinction is frequently tested in HSK 4 and 5 exams. Additionally, B1 learners start to encounter different types of descriptions in their reading, such as 人物描写 (character description) and 心理描写 (psychological description). Being able to identify and discuss these elements shows a deepening understanding of Chinese text structure. By mastering the various grammatical structures and nuances of 描写, B1 students significantly enhance their ability to tell engaging stories, write descriptive paragraphs, and analyze intermediate-level reading materials.
At the B2 level, learners are expected to have a strong command of the language, capable of discussing a wide range of topics with fluency and nuance. The use of 描写 (miáo xiě) at this stage becomes much more sophisticated. B2 students are reading authentic materials—news articles, modern literature, and opinion pieces—where 描写 is used extensively to create mood, build character, and convey complex ideas. Learners must now comfortably use advanced grammatical structures involving 描写, such as the 把 (bǎ) sentence structure combined with degree complements. For example, '他把那场灾难描写得如同人间地狱' (He described that disaster as if it were hell on earth). This shows an ability to manipulate sentence structure for emphasis and stylistic effect. Furthermore, B2 learners expand their vocabulary of collocations associated with 描写. They move beyond simple adverbs like '生动地' (vividly) to more advanced phrases like '细致入微地描写' (meticulously describe) or '淋漓尽致地描写' (describe vividly and incisively). In writing and speaking, B2 students use 描写 to critique and analyze. They can articulate why a certain description in a novel is effective, using phrases like '这段心理描写非常真实，让读者产生了共鸣' (This psychological description is very realistic and resonates with the reader). They also understand the stylistic difference between 描写 and related words like 刻画 (to portray deeply) and 描绘 (to depict grandly), choosing the exact right word for their intended meaning. Mastery of 描写 at the B2 level allows learners to engage deeply with Chinese literature and culture, expressing their analytical thoughts with clarity and elegance.
The C1 level represents advanced proficiency, where learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. At this level, the understanding and application of 描写 (miáo xiě) are highly refined and academic. C1 learners engage with classical literature, literary criticism, and complex rhetorical analyses. They do not just use 描写 to say someone described something; they analyze the *techniques* of description, known as 描写手法. They can discuss the differences between 正面描写 (direct description) and 侧面描写 (indirect description), or 白描 (plain sketch, a literary technique of simple, unadorned description) versus 细描 (detailed description). In their own writing, C1 learners use 描写 to create specific atmospheres and evoke emotions, employing a rich vocabulary of idioms (成语) to enhance their descriptions. For instance, they might write, '作者运用了大量生动的比喻，将江南水乡的温婉描写得栩栩如生' (The author used a large number of vivid metaphors to describe the gentleness of the Jiangnan water towns in a lifelike manner). They are fully aware of the register and tone required in different contexts, knowing exactly when to use 描写 versus 描述, 叙述, or 刻画. Furthermore, C1 learners can understand the historical and cultural connotations of descriptive language in Chinese. They recognize how certain types of 描写 are characteristic of specific literary movements or authors. Their use of the word is indistinguishable from an educated native speaker, demonstrating a profound grasp of how language is used not just to communicate facts, but to create art, convey subtle emotions, and construct complex narratives.
At the C2 level, the highest level of language proficiency, the learner's command of Chinese is near-native, characterized by precision, appropriateness, and an intuitive grasp of the language's deepest nuances. For a C2 speaker, 描写 (miáo xiě) is a concept that extends beyond mere vocabulary into the realms of philosophy of language, aesthetics, and advanced literary theory. A C2 learner can deconstruct how 描写 functions within the broader context of Chinese aesthetics, discussing concepts like 意境 (artistic conception) and how 描写 serves to create or reflect this state. They can analyze the evolution of descriptive techniques from classical Chinese (文言文) to modern vernacular Chinese (白话文), understanding how the very nature of 描写 has shifted over centuries. In academic or professional discourse, a C2 speaker can critique the efficacy of 描写 in various media, not just literature, but also in film, visual arts, and even historical documentation. They might engage in debates about the objectivity of description, arguing whether true 描述 is ever possible or if all language inherently involves subjective 描写. Their vocabulary surrounding the word is exhaustive, effortlessly employing obscure idioms and precise literary terms to discuss the minutiae of descriptive writing. When producing language, a C2 speaker uses 描写 with absolute stylistic control, seamlessly integrating it into complex, multi-clause sentences that flow naturally and elegantly. They understand that 描写 is not just a tool for telling the reader what something looks like, but a fundamental mechanism for shaping perception, conveying ideology, and constructing reality within a text. At this level, mastery of 描写 is a testament to a profound and comprehensive understanding of the Chinese language and its cultural heritage.
Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

描写 en 30 secondes

  • Means 'to describe' or 'to depict' using words.
  • Often used in literature, art, and detailed storytelling.
  • Implies a vivid, artistic, or sensory portrayal.
  • Different from 描述 (miáo shù), which is more objective/factual.
The Chinese word 描写 (miáo xiě) is a highly versatile and essential verb in the Chinese language, primarily meaning 'to describe,' 'to depict,' or 'to portray.' When we break down the characters, we find a rich etymological history that informs its modern usage. The first character, 描 (miáo), features the hand radical (扌) and originally meant to trace, draw, or touch up. It carries the connotation of carefully outlining or detailing something, much like an artist working on a canvas. The second character, 写 (xiě), features the roof radical (冖) and today primarily means to write. However, in ancient times, it also meant to place, displace, or express. When combined, 描写 literally translates to 'tracing and writing,' which beautifully encapsulates the act of using words to paint a picture in the reader's or listener's mind. This word is most commonly used in literary contexts, academic discussions, and everyday conversations when someone is asked to provide a detailed account of a person, place, object, or situation. Unlike some other words for describing, 描写 implies a level of artistic or detailed expression. It is not just about stating facts; it is about bringing a subject to life through language. For learners of Chinese, mastering 描写 opens up new avenues for expressing complex thoughts and analyzing texts.
Etymological Roots
The combination of tracing (描) and writing (写) highlights the visual nature of Chinese literary description.
In literature, authors use various techniques of 描写 to create vivid imagery. These include 景物描写 (description of scenery), 人物描写 (description of characters), and 心理描写 (psychological description). Each type requires a different vocabulary set and stylistic approach. For instance, when describing scenery, one might use an abundance of adjectives and metaphors.

这篇小说对环境的描写非常生动。

When describing characters, the focus shifts to physical appearance, actions, and dialogue.

作者细致地描写了她的外貌。

Understanding these nuances is crucial for anyone looking to achieve fluency or engage with native Chinese media. Furthermore, 描写 is often paired with adverbs to indicate the quality of the description. Common collocations include 生动地描写 (to describe vividly), 详细地描写 (to describe in detail), and 真实地描写 (to describe truthfully). These pairings are frequently tested in proficiency exams like the HSK.
Common Collocations
Pairing 描写 with adverbs like 生动地 (vividly) enhances your descriptive capabilities.
It is also important to note the difference between 描写 and its close synonym 描述 (miáo shù). While both mean to describe, 描述 is often used for more objective, narrative accounts of events or processes, whereas 描写 leans towards the artistic, sensory, and detailed portrayal of subjects.

他用诗意的语言描写了那个夜晚。

For example, a police report would use 描述 to recount a crime, but a novelist would use 描写 to set the scene of the crime.

课文里有一段关于春天的描写。

This distinction is a common stumbling block for learners, but mastering it significantly improves one's linguistic precision. In everyday conversation, you might hear a teacher ask a student to 描写 a picture, or a friend might ask you to 描写 your new house.

请你描写一下你最喜欢的人。

In these contexts, the expectation is still to provide a colorful and detailed account.
Everyday Usage
Even in casual settings, asking someone to 描写 implies a request for details and imagery.
Ultimately, 描写 is a word that bridges the gap between simple communication and expressive storytelling. By incorporating it into your vocabulary, you not only improve your ability to talk about literature and art but also enhance your overall expressive power in Chinese. It is a cornerstone of intermediate and advanced language use, essential for anyone aiming to truly master the language.
Using 描写 (miáo xiě) correctly involves understanding its grammatical functions and common sentence structures. As a transitive verb, 描写 requires an object, which is the thing, person, or scene being described. The most basic structure is Subject + 描写 + Object. For example, '他描写风景' (He describes the scenery). However, in practice, sentences are rarely this simple. To make the description more informative, we often add adverbial modifiers before the verb or complement structures after it.
Basic Structure
Subject + Adverb + 描写 + Object (e.g., 他生动地描写了风景).
One of the most common ways to use 描写 is with the structural particle 地 (de), which turns adjectives into adverbs. For instance, '生动地描写' (vividly describe) or '细致地描写' (meticulously describe).

作者生动地描写了当时的社会状况。

This structure is highly favored in written Chinese and formal speech. Another important grammatical aspect is the use of the aspect particle 了 (le) to indicate completed action. '他描写了...' means 'He described...'.

书里详细地描写了那个历史事件。

When discussing literature or art, 描写 can also function as a noun, meaning 'description' or 'portrayal.' In this case, it is often modified by adjectives, such as '一段精彩的描写' (a wonderful description) or '心理描写' (psychological description). This dual functionality makes it a very flexible word. Let's look at how it is used in different contexts. In academic or analytical writing, you might use structures like '对...的描写' (the description of...). For example, '小说对人物内心的描写非常深刻' (The novel's description of the characters' inner hearts is very profound).
Noun Usage
When used as a noun, 描写 often follows adjectives and the particle 的, as in 精彩的描写.
This structure is essential for writing essays or discussing books and movies.

这段景物描写十分优美。

In more casual settings, you might use 描写 to ask someone to describe something to you. '你能描写一下那个小偷的样子吗？' (Can you describe what the thief looked like?).

请你用几个词描写一下你的家乡。

Notice how in this context, it is often followed by 一下 (yí xià), which softens the request and makes it sound more natural and polite. Another common pattern is '把...描写得...' (to describe something as...). This uses the 把 (bǎ) structure to emphasize the object and the degree complement 得 (de) to describe the result of the action. For example, '他把那个地方描写得像天堂一样' (He described that place as if it were heaven).
Advanced Structure
Subject + 把 + Object + 描写 + 得 + Complement.
This is a more advanced structure but is crucial for expressing complex ideas fluently.

她把那场比赛描写得惊心动魄。

By mastering these various structures—from the basic Subject-Verb-Object to the more complex 把 sentences and noun usages—you will be able to use 描写 accurately and effectively in a wide range of situations, from casual chats to formal academic writing.
The word 描写 (miáo xiě) is ubiquitous in Chinese, appearing across a wide spectrum of contexts, from formal education and literature to daily conversations and media. Understanding where and how you are likely to encounter this word can significantly enhance your listening comprehension and cultural literacy. The most prominent domain for 描写 is undoubtedly literature and language education. From primary school onwards, Chinese students are taught how to analyze texts by looking at the author's 描写手法 (descriptive techniques).
Educational Context
In language arts classes (语文课), analyzing an author's 描写 is a fundamental skill.
Teachers frequently ask students to identify 景物描写 (scenery description) or 心理描写 (psychological description) in classic texts.

老师让我们找出文中的细节描写。

Consequently, anyone studying Chinese in a formal setting will encounter this word repeatedly in textbooks, exam questions, and classroom instructions. Beyond the classroom, 描写 is a staple in literary criticism, book reviews, and discussions about art and film. When critics review a new novel, they might praise the author's 细腻的描写 (delicate/nuanced description) of human emotions.

这篇影评提到了电影对战争的真实描写。

Similarly, when discussing a painting or a piece of music, one might use 描写 to talk about what the artwork portrays. In the realm of journalism and media, 描写 is used, though perhaps less frequently than its cousin 描述 (miáo shù). A feature article or a long-form journalistic piece might use 描写 to set the scene or provide background on a subject, aiming to draw the reader in with vivid imagery.
Media and Journalism
Feature writers use 描写 to create engaging, immersive narratives for their readers.
For instance, an article about a remote village might start with a detailed 描写 of the landscape.

新闻报道中有一段对灾区现状的客观描写。

In everyday conversation, while people might not use 描写 as often as simpler words like 说 (to say) or 讲 (to tell), it still has its place. You might hear it when someone is recounting a dream, describing a strange encounter, or trying to convey the exact look of something they want to buy.

你能向我描写一下那个人的长相吗？

In these situations, using 描写 signals that the speaker wants a detailed, visual account, not just a brief summary. Furthermore, in the digital age, 描写 is frequently seen in online forums, fan fiction communities, and social media. Writers sharing their stories online will often ask for feedback on their 描写, and readers will comment on how well a scene was described.
Online Communities
In creative writing forums, 描写 is a frequent topic of discussion and critique.
Understanding this word is therefore not just about passing exams; it's about participating in a broad range of cultural and social discourses.

网友们对这部小说的环境描写赞不绝口。

Whether you are reading a classic Chinese novel, watching a sophisticated film review, or just chatting with a friend about a beautiful place they visited, 描写 is a word that will constantly enrich your understanding and interaction with the Chinese language.
While 描写 (miáo xiě) is a fundamental vocabulary item, learners often make several common mistakes when using it. These errors usually stem from a misunderstanding of its nuances, incorrect grammatical pairings, or confusion with similar words. The most frequent mistake is confusing 描写 with 描述 (miáo shù). While both translate to 'describe' in English, their usage in Chinese is distinct. 描写 implies an artistic, vivid, or detailed portrayal, often used in literature or when painting a picture with words. 描述, on the other hand, is more objective, narrative, and factual.
描写 vs. 描述
Use 描写 for vivid, artistic descriptions (like in a novel). Use 描述 for factual, objective accounts (like in a report).
For example, saying '警察要求他描写事故的过程' (The police asked him to describe the process of the accident) sounds slightly unnatural because a police report requires factual 描述, not artistic 描写.

错误：请你描写一下你的工作经历。正确：请你描述一下你的工作经历。

Another common error involves grammatical structure, specifically the incorrect use of adverbs and complements. Learners sometimes place the adverb after the verb without using the correct structural particle. For instance, saying '他描写生动' instead of the correct '他描写得很生动' (He describes vividly) or '他生动地描写了...' (He vividly described...).

错误：作者描写详细了那个场景。正确：作者详细地描写了那个场景。

The structural particles 地 (de) for adverbs before the verb and 得 (de) for complements after the verb are crucial for correct usage. Additionally, learners sometimes use 描写 when they should use 形容 (xíng róng). 形容 also means to describe, but it is typically used for describing states, appearances, or feelings, often using adjectives. 描写 is more about describing a scene, an event, or a character in detail.
描写 vs. 形容
形容 is often used with adjectives to describe a state or feeling, while 描写 is used to detail a scene or character.
For example, '我无法形容我的感受' (I cannot describe my feelings) is correct, whereas '我无法描写我的感受' sounds a bit awkward unless you mean you cannot write a detailed literary account of your feelings.

错误：那个菜的味道很难描写。正确：那个菜的味道很难形容。

Furthermore, when using 描写 as a noun, learners sometimes forget to use the modifying particle 的. Saying '这是一个好描写' is less natural than saying '这是一段精彩的描写' (This is a wonderful description).

错误：我很喜欢书里的风景描写。正确：我很喜欢书里对风景的描写。

Using the structure '对...的描写' (the description of...) is a hallmark of proficient Chinese. Finally, a subtle mistake is overusing 描写 in casual, everyday speech where simpler verbs like 说 (to say) or 讲 (to tell) would suffice. While not grammatically incorrect, asking a friend '你能描写一下你昨天做了什么吗？' (Can you describe what you did yesterday?) sounds overly formal. It is better to say '你能讲讲你昨天做了什么吗？'.
Register and Tone
Avoid using 描写 for simple, everyday recounting of events; reserve it for when detail and imagery are needed.
By being aware of these common pitfalls—distinguishing it from 描述 and 形容, mastering the grammatical structures, and understanding its appropriate register—learners can use 描写 with confidence and precision.
To truly master the Chinese language, one must understand not just individual words, but the web of synonyms and related terms that surround them. For 描写 (miáo xiě), there are several similar words, each with its own specific nuance and appropriate context. The most common and frequently confused synonym is 描述 (miáo shù). As discussed previously, while 描写 focuses on vivid, artistic, and detailed portrayal (often in literature), 描述 is used for objective, factual, and narrative accounts.
描述 (miáo shù)
To describe objectively or narrate facts. Used in reports, scientific contexts, or factual recounting.
If you are giving a police statement, you use 描述; if you are writing a poem, you use 描写.

科学家详细描述了实验的过程。

Another important related word is 刻画 (kè huà). Literally meaning 'to carve and draw,' 刻画 is used to describe the deep, profound, and often psychological portrayal of a character. It implies a level of depth and penetration that goes beyond surface-level 描写.

这部电影成功地刻画了主人公复杂的内心世界。

You would use 刻画 when talking about how well an actor portrayed a role or how deeply an author developed a character's personality. 描绘 (miáo huì) is another synonym, leaning heavily towards the visual arts. It means to depict or to draw, often used when describing a grand scene, a blueprint, or a beautiful landscape. It has a very poetic and expansive feel to it.
描绘 (miáo huì)
To depict or portray, often used for grand scenes, visions of the future, or visual arts.
For example, '描绘了一幅美丽的画卷' (depicted a beautiful picture scroll).

诗人用优美的语言描绘了壮丽的日出。

Then there is 形容 (xíng róng), which means to describe the appearance, state, or nature of something, usually using adjectives. It is less about painting a full scene and more about finding the right words to convey a specific feeling or look.

我不知道该怎么形容我现在的心情。

You use 形容 when you are searching for the right adjective. Finally, 叙述 (xù shù) means to narrate or to recount. It is focused on the sequence of events, telling a story from beginning to end. While 描写 pauses the action to look at the details, 叙述 moves the plot forward.
叙述 (xù shù)
To narrate or recount events in a sequence. Focuses on action and plot rather than visual details.
In a novel, the author uses 叙述 to tell you what happened, and 描写 to tell you what it looked like when it happened.

他平静地叙述了事情的经过。

Understanding the subtle differences between 描写, 描述, 刻画, 描绘, 形容, and 叙述 is a significant step towards advanced proficiency in Chinese. It allows you to choose the exact right word for your intended meaning, making your speech and writing much more precise, expressive, and native-like.

How Formal Is It?

Formel

""

Informel

""

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Exemples par niveau

1

请描写这个苹果。

Please describe this apple.

Basic imperative sentence using 请 (please).

2

描写你的家。

Describe your home.

Simple Verb + Object structure.

3

他在描写一只猫。

He is describing a cat.

Using 在 to indicate ongoing action.

4

我不会描写。

I don't know how to describe.

Using 不会 to express inability.

5

看图描写。

Look at the picture and describe.

Common textbook instruction format.

6

描写一个人。

Describe a person.

Basic Verb + Object phrase.

7

老师让我们描写天气。

The teacher asked us to describe the weather.

Using 让 (to let/ask) in a pivotal sentence.

8

这是描写春天的。

This is describing spring.

Using the 的 structure to create a noun phrase.

1

他详细地描写了那个地方。

He described that place in detail.

Using 地 to turn 详细 into an adverb.

2

你能描写一下你的朋友吗？

Can you describe your friend a bit?

Using 一下 to soften the request.

3

书里描写了一个美丽的故事。

The book described a beautiful story.

Using 了 to indicate completed action.

4

这段描写很有意思。

This description is very interesting.

Using 描写 as a noun.

5

我喜欢这篇课文的描写。

I like the description in this text.

Noun usage modified by 课文的.

6

他描写得非常生动。

He described it very vividly.

Using 得 for degree complement.

7

请用三个词描写你自己。

Please use three words to describe yourself.

Using 用 (to use) to indicate the method.

8

电影里的风景描写很美。

The scenery description in the movie is beautiful.

Compound noun phrase: 风景描写.

1

作者生动地描写了当时的社会环境。

The author vividly described the social environment of that time.

Standard Adverb + 地 + Verb structure in a literary context.

2

这篇文章对人物内心的描写非常细腻。

This article's description of the characters' inner hearts is very delicate.

Using 对...的描写 structure.

3

请你描述一下事情的经过，不要加太多主观描写。

Please describe the process of the event, don't add too much subjective description.

Contrasting 描述 (objective) with 描写 (subjective/artistic).

4

小说中有一段关于海难的精彩描写。

There is a wonderful description of a shipwreck in the novel.

Using 关于 (about) to specify the topic of the description.

5

他的描写让我们仿佛身临其境。

His description makes us feel as if we are actually there.

Using 仿佛 (as if) to show the effect of the description.

6

这段景物描写为后面的故事做了铺垫。

This scenery description paved the way for the following story.

Discussing literary techniques (铺垫 - foreshadowing/paving the way).

7

缺乏细节描写是这篇作文的缺点。

The lack of detailed description is the shortcoming of this essay.

Using 细节描写 (detailed description) as a compound noun.

8

她把那个小镇描写得像童话世界一样。

She described that small town as if it were a fairy tale world.

Advanced 把 structure with 得 complement.

1

鲁迅的小说以其深刻的心理描写而著称。

Lu Xun's novels are famous for their profound psychological descriptions.

Using 以...而著称 (famous for) with a complex noun phrase.

2

这部纪录片真实地描写了野生动物的生存状态。

This documentary truthfully described the living conditions of wild animals.

Formal usage suitable for media critique.

3

在文学创作中，环境描写往往能烘托人物的心情。

In literary creation, environmental description often highlights the characters' moods.

Discussing literary theory (烘托 - to highlight/set off).

4

评论家指出，该剧对战争的描写过于轻描淡写。

Critics pointed out that the play's description of the war was too understated.

Using the idiom 轻描淡写 (to touch on lightly).

5

他运用了大量的比喻和拟人手法来进行描写。

He used a large number of metaphors and personification techniques to describe.

Using 来 to connect the method (运用手法) with the purpose (进行描写).

6

这段描写不仅展现了外貌，更揭示了性格。

This description not only showed the appearance but also revealed the personality.

Using 不仅...更... (not only... but also/even more) for complex analysis.

7

通过侧面描写，作者巧妙地突出了主角的智慧。

Through indirect description, the author cleverly highlighted the protagonist's wisdom.

Introducing specific literary terms like 侧面描写 (indirect description).

8

那种难以言表的悲伤，是任何语言都无法准确描写的。

That indescribable sadness cannot be accurately described by any language.

Using 无法 (unable to) to express the limits of description.

1

古典诗词中的白描手法，往往能以最简练的语言达到最传神的描写效果。

The 'baimiao' (plain sketch) technique in classical poetry can often achieve the most vivid descriptive effect with the most concise language.

Discussing advanced literary concepts (白描, 传神).

2

小说对底层人民苦难生活的描写，字字血泪，触目惊心。

The novel's description of the miserable lives of the people at the bottom is full of blood and tears, shocking to the eyes and heart.

Using strong idioms (字字血泪, 触目惊心) to evaluate the description.

3

这种意识流的描写方式，打破了传统的线性叙事结构。

This stream-of-consciousness descriptive method broke the traditional linear narrative structure.

Academic analysis of narrative structures (意识流 - stream of consciousness).

4

作者在描写宏大历史场景时，依然不忘对微小细节的精雕细琢。

When describing grand historical scenes, the author still does not forget to meticulously craft the minute details.

Contrasting macro and micro descriptions using idioms (精雕细琢).

5

该文的景物描写并非闲笔，而是与人物命运的走向暗中契合。

The scenery description in this article is not a digression, but secretly aligns with the direction of the characters' fates.

Advanced literary critique (闲笔 - digression/idle words).

6

他对那种微妙的人际关系的描写，可谓入木三分。

His description of that subtle interpersonal relationship can be said to be profound and penetrating.

Using the idiom 入木三分 (profound/penetrating) to praise the description.

7

在跨文化语境下，如何准确翻译这些带有浓厚文化色彩的描写，是一个巨大的挑战。

In a cross-cultural context, how to accurately translate these descriptions with strong cultural colors is a huge challenge.

Discussing translation theory and cultural nuances.

8

长篇累牍的描写有时反而会削弱故事的张力，留白往往更有力量。

Lengthy and tedious descriptions can sometimes weaken the tension of the story; leaving blank spaces is often more powerful.

Using advanced vocabulary (长篇累牍, 张力, 留白) for literary critique.

1

探讨《红楼梦》中的服饰描写，不仅是美学层面的赏析，更是对清代社会阶层与礼制规范的深度解码。

Exploring the clothing descriptions in 'Dream of the Red Chamber' is not only an aesthetic appreciation, but also a deep decoding of the social classes and etiquette norms of the Qing Dynasty.

Highly academic sentence integrating literature, aesthetics, and sociology.

2

福柯式的谱系学分析要求我们审视那些被宏大叙事所掩盖的边缘化描写，从而揭示权力的微观运作机制。

Foucauldian genealogical analysis requires us to examine those marginalized descriptions obscured by grand narratives, thereby revealing the micro-operational mechanisms of power.

Applying philosophical and sociological theory to the concept of description.

3

语言的边界即世界的边界，任何试图对绝对实在进行全知全能式描写的企图，终将陷入虚无主义的泥沼。

The limits of language are the limits of the world; any attempt to provide an omniscient description of absolute reality will ultimately fall into the quagmire of nihilism.

Philosophical discourse on the limits of language and description.

4

先锋派文学通过解构传统的描写范式，刻意制造文本的断裂感，以此来反抗消费主义时代对意义的扁平化收编。

Avant-garde literature, by deconstructing traditional descriptive paradigms, deliberately creates a sense of textual rupture, in order to resist the flattening incorporation of meaning by the consumerist era.

Advanced literary theory and cultural critique.

5

在数字人文的视域下，我们可以利用自然语言处理技术对海量文本中的情感描写进行远读，从而勾勒出特定历史时期的情感结构。

From the perspective of digital humanities, we can use natural language processing technology to 'distant read' emotional descriptions in massive texts, thereby outlining the structure of feeling of a specific historical period.

Integrating technology, linguistics, and historical analysis.

6

那种试图用纯粹客观的科学语言来替代充满隐喻的诗意描写的实证主义狂妄，忽略了人类经验的不可通约性。

That positivist arrogance which attempts to replace metaphor-filled poetic descriptions with purely objective scientific language ignores the incommensurability of human experience.

Complex philosophical argument regarding epistemology and language.

7

作者在字里行间所布下的那些看似漫不经心的风物描写，实则是构建其庞大隐喻体系的基石。

Those seemingly careless descriptions of scenery and objects that the author has laid out between the lines are actually the cornerstones for constructing his massive metaphorical system.

Sophisticated literary analysis of authorial intent and text structure.

8

对于创伤记忆的描写，往往游走于言说与失语的边缘，是对语言再现能力极限的终极拷问。

The description of traumatic memory often wanders on the edge of speaking and aphasia, and is the ultimate interrogation of the limits of language's representational capacity.

Deep psychological and linguistic analysis of trauma literature.

Collocations courantes

生动地描写
详细描写
心理描写
景物描写
描写细腻
真实地描写
描写手法
侧面描写
正面描写
描写人物

Phrases Courantes

对...的描写

把...描写得...

进行描写

细致入微的描写

精彩的描写

客观描写

主观描写

文字描写

细节描写

大段描写

Souvent confondu avec

描写 vs 描述 (miáo shù)

描写 vs 形容 (xíng róng)

描写 vs 叙述 (xù shù)

Expressions idiomatiques

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

Facile à confondre

描写 vs

描写 vs

描写 vs

描写 vs

描写 vs

Structures de phrases

Comment l'utiliser

nuance

Implies a level of detail and imagery beyond simple narration.

formality

Appropriate for both formal writing and semi-formal speech.

collocation warning

Do not pair with highly objective/scientific contexts; use 描述 instead.

Erreurs courantes
  • Confusing 描写 (artistic/vivid) with 描述 (objective/factual).
  • Forgetting to use the particle 地 (de) between an adverb and 描写 (e.g., saying 详细描写 instead of 详细地描写).
  • Using 描写 when trying to find an adjective to describe a feeling (should use 形容).
  • Omitting the 的 (de) when using 描写 as a noun (e.g., saying 很好描写 instead of 很好的描写).
  • Using 描写 for simple, everyday recounting of events where 说 (say) or 讲 (tell) would be more natural.

Astuces

Use 地 for Adverbs

When modifying 描写 with an adverb before it, always use the structural particle 地 (de). For example, write 生动地描写 (vividly describe), not 生动描写. This is a common grammatical error for learners. It ensures the sentence flows correctly.

Use 得 for Complements

When describing the result or degree of the description after the verb, use the particle 得 (de). For example, 描写得很详细 (described very detailedly). Do not confuse this with the 地 used before the verb. Mastering both is key to fluency.

Think 'Artistic'

When deciding between 描写 and 描述, think about the intent. If the intent is artistic, vivid, or literary, choose 描写. If the intent is factual, objective, or scientific, choose 描述. 描写 is like painting; 描述 is like reporting.

Learn Compound Nouns

Memorize common compound nouns using 描写 to sound more native. These include 景物描写 (scenery description), 人物描写 (character description), and 心理描写 (psychological description). These are essential for discussing books or movies.

Soften with 一下

In spoken Chinese, a bare verb can sound like a harsh command. Always add 一下 (yí xià) after 描写 when asking someone to describe something. '请描写一下' is much more polite than just '请描写'.

The 对...的 Structure

In formal writing, use the structure '对 + Object + 的描写' to mean 'the description of [Object]'. For example, '对春天的描写' (the description of spring). This elevates your writing style significantly.

Identify in Texts

When reading Chinese literature, actively look for paragraphs of 描写. Ask yourself: Is this describing the environment or a person's thoughts? Recognizing these sections helps you understand the author's pacing and mood-setting techniques.

Pair with Idioms

To sound truly advanced, pair 描写 with four-character idioms (成语). For example, '描写得栩栩如生' (described so well it seems alive). This demonstrates a deep understanding of Chinese descriptive capabilities.

描写 vs 形容

Remember that 形容 is usually for adjectives and states (e.g., describing a taste or a vague feeling), while 描写 is for scenes, events, and detailed visual accounts. Don't use 描写 when you just mean 'to use an adjective.'

Daily Practice

Practice using 描写 by looking at a picture and writing three sentences describing it. Start with simple Subject-Verb-Object, then add an adverb, then try a 把 sentence. This builds your descriptive muscles.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine a cat (MIAO) wearing shoes (XIE) and you have to DESCRIBE this funny sight to your friend. Miao-xie = describe.

Origine du mot

Contexte culturel

Used to discuss what a painting or piece of music portrays.

A frequent instruction in exams: '描写...'.

Central to analyzing Chinese novels and poetry.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"你能描写一下你最理想的假期吗？ (Can you describe your ideal vacation?)"

"你觉得这本书对人物的描写怎么样？ (What do you think of the character descriptions in this book?)"

"如果让你描写今天的日落，你会用什么词？ (If you were to describe today's sunset, what words would you use?)"

"警察让你描写那个嫌疑人，你会怎么说？ (If the police asked you to describe the suspect, what would you say?)"

"你能向我描写一下你家乡的秋天吗？ (Can you describe the autumn in your hometown to me?)"

Sujets d'écriture

描写一个让你感到非常平静的地方。 (Describe a place that makes you feel very peaceful.)

用一段话描写你今天遇到的一位陌生人。 (Use a paragraph to describe a stranger you met today.)

回忆并描写你童年最喜欢的一件玩具。 (Recall and describe your favorite childhood toy.)

描写一场让你印象深刻的雨。 (Describe a rainstorm that left a deep impression on you.)

尝试用心理描写来记录你考试前的心情。 (Try to use psychological description to record your mood before an exam.)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

描写 (miáo xiě) is used for vivid, artistic, or detailed portrayals, often in literature or when painting a picture with words. 描述 (miáo shù) is used for objective, factual, and narrative accounts. For example, a novelist uses 描写 to set a scene. A police officer uses 描述 to record a witness statement. Do not use 描写 for dry, scientific facts.

Yes, 描写 is frequently used as a noun meaning 'description' or 'portrayal.' When used as a noun, it is often modified by adjectives and the particle 的 (de). For example, '一段生动的描写' means 'a vivid description.' It is very common in literary analysis, such as '心理描写' (psychological description).

To ask someone politely to describe something, you can use the phrase '你能描写一下...吗？' (Can you describe... a bit?). The addition of '一下' (yí xià) softens the request, making it sound less like a command and more conversational. For example, '你能描写一下那个人的长相吗？' (Can you describe what that person looked like?).

描写 pairs well with adverbs that emphasize detail and vividness. Common examples include 生动地 (vividly), 详细地 (in detail), 细致地 (meticulously), and 真实地 (truthfully). Remember to use the structural particle 地 (de) between the adverb and the verb: 生动地描写.

While the character 写 means 'to write,' 描写 is not strictly limited to written text. It can be used in spoken language when someone is giving a highly detailed, visual verbal account of something. However, its primary and most natural home is in discussions of literature, writing, and art.

心理描写 (xīn lǐ miáo xiě) translates to 'psychological description.' It is a literary term referring to the technique an author uses to describe the inner thoughts, feelings, and mental state of a character. It is a crucial element in analyzing character development in novels and stories.

You can, but it's often more natural to use 形容 (xíng róng) when trying to find the right words for a feeling or state. For example, '我无法形容我的感受' (I cannot describe my feelings) is more common. You would use 描写 if you are writing a detailed journal entry or poem about those feelings.

To say 'A describes B as C,' you use the 把 (bǎ) structure with a degree complement: A + 把 + B + 描写得 + 像 C 一样. For example, '他把那个地方描写得像天堂一样' (He described that place as if it were heaven). This is an advanced but very expressive structure.

Learning 描写 is a core part of the Chinese language arts curriculum because it teaches students how to write expressively and how to analyze literature. Students learn to identify different types of 描写 (scenery, character, action) to understand how authors create mood and convey themes.

描写 is versatile. It is formal enough for academic essays and literary criticism, but it is also perfectly acceptable in everyday conversation when you need someone to provide a detailed visual account of something. However, for very simple, factual recounting, words like 说 (say) or 讲 (tell) are more common.

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