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B1 verb, noun #6,000 le plus courant 8 min de lecture

质疑

zhiyi Top 6,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 质疑 en 30 secondes

Explication 质疑 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word '质疑' (zhìyí) very often. It is a bit too advanced for basic daily needs like ordering food or introducing yourself. However, it is good to know that it means 'to ask a difficult question' or 'to doubt.' You can think of it as a very strong version of '问' (wèn - to ask). If you see this word in a simple sentence, it usually means someone thinks something is not true. For example, '我质疑他的话' means 'I doubt what he said.' At this stage, focus on the basic meaning: questioning something because you think it might be wrong. Don't worry about using it in complex ways yet. Just recognize that it starts with '质' (zhì) and '疑' (yí), and it's related to doubt. You might hear it on the news when people are talking about big problems. It's a formal word, so you won't hear it much in casual play with friends. Keep it in your 'advanced' folder for now!

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At the A2 level, you are starting to express more opinions. '质疑' (zhìyí) is a useful word for when you want to say you don't fully believe something you heard. It is more formal than '怀疑' (huáiyí - to suspect). You can use it in simple sentence structures like '我不质疑你' (I don't question you) or '他质疑这个消息' (He questions this news). It's helpful to remember that '质疑' is a verb. At this level, you should be able to identify the difference between asking a question for information (询问) and asking a question because you are skeptical (质疑). If a teacher tells you something and you ask 'Why?', that's just a question. But if a friend tells you they saw a UFO and you ask for proof because you don't believe them, that is '质疑.' Try to look for this word in simple news articles or online comments. It often appears when people are talking about things that seem suspicious or too good to be true.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using '质疑' (zhìyí) in both its verb and noun forms. This is the level where you start to participate in more complex discussions about society, work, and personal beliefs. You can use '质疑' to describe a challenge to an idea. For example, '你应该质疑权威' (You should question authority). You will also see it used with other verbs, such as '提出质疑' (to raise a question/doubt). This is a very common phrase in professional settings. If you are in a meeting and you think a plan won't work, you might '提出质疑.' You should also understand the passive form: '受到质疑' (to be questioned). For example, '他的计划受到了大家的质疑' (His plan was questioned by everyone). At B1, you are expected to know that '质疑' is a formal and serious word. It’s not just about being curious; it’s about having a reason to doubt the validity of something. Practice using it in short essays or during speaking practice when discussing controversial topics.

At the B2 level, you should use '质疑' (zhìyí) with precision and understand its nuances compared to related terms like '质问' (zhìwèn) or '反驳' (fǎnbó). You should be able to use it to describe complex situations in business, law, or science. For instance, you might discuss how a new scientific discovery '遭到了广泛的质疑' (met with widespread questioning) until more evidence was found. You should also be able to use adverbs to modify the word, such as '公开质疑' (publicly question) or '强烈质疑' (strongly question). At this level, you are expected to understand that '质疑' is an essential part of critical thinking (批判性思维). You might write an essay about the importance of '勇于质疑' (daring to question) in a modern society. You should also be aware of the word's presence in media headlines and be able to explain why a certain claim is being questioned. Your ability to use '质疑' correctly shows that you can handle formal Chinese and engage in intellectual debate.

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At the C1 level, '质疑' (zhìyí) becomes a tool for deep analytical thinking and sophisticated rhetoric. You should understand the historical and philosophical implications of the word. For example, you might discuss the '质疑精神' (spirit of questioning) as a driver of the Enlightenment or modern scientific progress. You should be able to use the word in complex grammatical structures and in combination with academic vocabulary. For instance, '这种论点在逻辑上是站不住脚的，因此受到了学术界的深刻质疑' (This argument is logically untenable and has therefore been profoundly questioned by the academic community). You should also be able to distinguish between '质疑' as a constructive tool for truth-seeking and as a destructive tool for creating doubt. At this level, you should be comfortable using it in formal speeches, research papers, and high-level debates. You understand that '质疑' is not just about doubting a person, but about scrutinizing systems, theories, and fundamental assumptions. You can also use it to discuss the ethics of questioning in different cultural contexts.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of '质疑' (zhìyí) and can use it with extreme subtlety and stylistic flair. You can use it in literary or highly specialized academic contexts. You might explore the '不可质疑的' (unquestionable) nature of certain dogmas or the '自我质疑' (self-questioning) that occurs in philosophical introspection. You understand the word's weight in legal theory, such as the '质疑权' (right to challenge/question) in administrative law. You can use '质疑' to create nuanced arguments, perhaps discussing how the '过度质疑' (excessive questioning) in the digital age can lead to misinformation and the erosion of trust. At this level, your use of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You can use it to evoke specific emotional tones, from cold, clinical skepticism to passionate, moral outrage. You are also aware of how the word has evolved in modern Chinese political and social discourse, and you can navigate these complexities in professional and academic settings with ease. '质疑' is no longer just a vocabulary word; it is a conceptual framework through which you analyze the world.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

质疑 en 30 secondes

质疑 (zhìyí) is a formal Chinese word meaning to question or challenge the validity of something based on doubt.
It functions as both a verb ('to question') and a noun ('questioning/doubt'), common in professional and academic settings.
Unlike simple inquiry, it carries a tone of skepticism and demands evidentiary support or a logical rebuttal from the target.
Commonly used in phrases like '提出质疑' (raise a doubt) and '受到质疑' (be questioned), it is essential for critical thinking.

The Chinese term 质疑 (zhìyí) is a powerful and intellectually rigorous word used to describe the act of questioning the truth, validity, or legality of something. Unlike a simple question (询问), 质疑 implies a level of skepticism or a formal challenge. It is often used in professional, academic, and legal contexts where evidence is being scrutinized or where an established authority is being held accountable. When you 质疑 something, you are not just asking for information; you are expressing a fundamental doubt that requires a rebuttal or further proof. In modern Chinese society, this word is frequently seen in news headlines regarding corporate transparency, scientific research integrity, and public policy debates.

Formal Scrutiny: In legal settings, a lawyer might 质疑 a witness's testimony, suggesting it is inconsistent or biased. This is a formal procedure aimed at uncovering the truth.
Scientific Inquiry: Science progresses through 质疑. Scientists constantly 质疑 existing theories to see if they hold up under new data or experimental conditions.
Public Discourse: Citizens may 质疑 government decisions, demanding more transparency or a better explanation for how public funds are being utilized.

公众对这项新政策的有效性提出了质疑。(The public raised doubts about the effectiveness of this new policy.)

他的研究成果遭到了同行的强烈质疑。(His research findings were strongly questioned by his peers.)

我们不应该盲目从众，而要勇于质疑。(We should not follow the crowd blindly, but dare to question.)

面对记者的质疑，发言人显得有些局促不安。(Faced with the reporter's questioning, the spokesperson appeared a bit uneasy.)

没有人可以质疑他的忠诚。(No one can question his loyalty.)

The word consists of two characters: 质 (zhì), which can mean substance, nature, or to confront/question, and 疑 (yí), which means doubt or suspicion. Together, they form a concept of 'confronting with doubt.' This is not a passive feeling of uncertainty, but an active engagement with information that seems incorrect or incomplete. Whether you are a student analyzing a text or a manager reviewing a financial report, 质疑 is the tool you use to ensure integrity and accuracy. It is a cornerstone of the scientific method and democratic accountability.

Using 质疑 correctly requires understanding its dual nature as both a verb and a noun. As a verb, it directly takes an object—the thing or person being questioned. As a noun, it often follows verbs like 提出 (tíchū - to raise) or 引起 (yǐnqǐ - to cause/arouse). It is also frequently used in the passive voice with 遭到 (zāodào) or 受到 (shòudào) to indicate that someone or something is being questioned by others. This flexibility allows it to fit into various sentence structures, from simple statements to complex academic arguments.

As a Verb (Direct Action): Structure: Subject + 质疑 + Object. Example: 专家质疑这项实验的可靠性 (Experts question the reliability of this experiment).
As a Noun (Object of a Verb): Structure: Subject + 提出 + 质疑. Example: 媒体对他的动机提出了质疑 (The media raised questions about his motives).
Passive Usage (Being Questioned): Structure: Subject + 受到/遭到 + 质疑. Example: 他的决定受到了广泛的质疑 (His decision was widely questioned).

你为什么要质疑我的专业能力？(Why are you questioning my professional ability?)

这种说法值得质疑。(This statement is worth questioning.)

面对众人的质疑，他保持了沉默。(In the face of everyone's questioning, he remained silent.)

In more advanced usage, you might see 质疑 combined with adverbs to indicate the intensity of the doubt. For instance, 强烈质疑 (qiángliè zhìyí) means 'to strongly question,' while 不断质疑 (búduàn zhìyí) means 'to continuously question.' You can also use it in a rhetorical sense: 难道你不质疑他的话吗？(Don't you question his words?). This versatility makes it an essential word for anyone looking to engage in high-level Chinese communication, particularly in fields like journalism, law, and the sciences where critical analysis is paramount.

You will encounter 质疑 in environments where critical thinking and evidentiary support are the standards. It is a staple of news broadcasts, particularly when reporting on scandals, scientific breakthroughs, or political debates. In the corporate world, it appears during audits, performance reviews, and strategic planning sessions. If you watch Chinese legal dramas or read analytical essays, the word will appear frequently as characters or authors dissect arguments and look for flaws in logic.

News and Media: Journalists use this word to maintain objectivity while reporting on controversial claims. They might say, 'The public 质疑 the company's explanation for the accident.'
Academic Research: In peer reviews, researchers 质疑 the methodology or the conclusions of a study to ensure the highest standards of scientific rigor.
Legal and Judicial: Lawyers 质疑 evidence and testimonies to protect their clients' rights and to challenge the prosecution's case.

在新闻发布会上，记者们纷纷质疑官方的数据。(At the press conference, reporters one after another questioned the official data.)

他的诚信遭到了公众的普遍质疑。(His integrity was widely questioned by the public.)

历史学家开始质疑这段记载的真实性。(Historians began to question the authenticity of this record.)

On social media platforms like Weibo or Zhihu, 质疑 is often used by users who are skeptical of viral videos or influencer claims. You might see comments like '我质疑这个视频的真实性' (I question the authenticity of this video). This shows that the word has moved from purely formal contexts into everyday digital discourse, reflecting a more critical and inquisitive online public. Understanding this word helps you navigate both the formal and informal landscapes of modern Chinese communication, allowing you to participate in and understand deeper debates.

While 质疑 is a common word, learners often confuse it with other words related to 'questioning' or 'doubting.' The most frequent error is using it as a synonym for 询问 (xúnwèn - to inquire) or 怀疑 (huáiyí - to suspect/doubt). Understanding the subtle differences in tone and intent is key to using 质疑 accurately. 质疑 is an active challenge, whereas 怀疑 can be a passive feeling of doubt, and 询问 is a neutral request for information.

质疑 vs. 询问: 询问 is for asking facts (e.g., 'Where is the station?'). 质疑 is for challenging facts (e.g., 'Is that really the station? I don't believe you.').
质疑 vs. 怀疑: 怀疑 is often internal or psychological (e.g., 'I suspect he is lying'). 质疑 is the external expression of that doubt (e.g., 'I am questioning him about his lies').
质疑 vs. 质问: 质问 (zhìwèn) is much more aggressive and often implies an interrogation or a stern demand for an answer. 质疑 is more about the validity of the statement itself.

Incorrect: 我想质疑一下去火车站怎么走。(I want to question how to get to the station.) - Too strong!

Correct: 我想询问一下去火车站怎么走。(I want to inquire how to get to the station.)

Another mistake is the grammatical placement of 质疑. Some learners treat it only as a verb and forget it can be a noun. For example, saying '他的质疑是很合理的' (His questioning/doubt is very reasonable) is perfectly correct. Additionally, ensure you don't confuse it with 质量 (zhìliàng - quality), even though they share the character 质. The 质 in 质疑 refers to the 'essence' or 'substance' that is being called into account. By paying attention to these nuances, you can avoid sounding overly aggressive or unintentionally skeptical in your daily conversations.

To truly master 质疑, it's helpful to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. Each word in this family has a specific 'temperature' and 'direction.' Some are cold and analytical, while others are hot and confrontational. Choosing the right one depends on your relationship with the person you are talking to and the level of evidence you have to support your doubt.

怀疑 (huáiyí): Meaning: To suspect or doubt. Usage: More internal. You can 怀疑 someone without ever telling them. 质疑 is the action of speaking that doubt out loud.
质问 (zhìwèn): Meaning: To interrogate or question closely. Usage: Much more confrontational. It implies the other person has done something wrong and you are demanding an explanation.
挑战 (tiǎozhàn): Meaning: To challenge. Usage: Often used in the context of 挑战权威 (challenging authority). While 质疑 is about truth, 挑战 is about power or status.
反驳 (fǎnbó): Meaning: To refute or rebut. Usage: This is the step after 质疑. Once you have questioned something, you then provide evidence to prove it wrong (反驳).

Comparison: 我怀疑他在撒谎 (I suspect he's lying) vs. 我公开质疑他的证词 (I publicly question his testimony).

In academic writing, you might also see words like 辩难 (biànnàn - to debate/challenge) or 审视 (shěnshì - to scrutinize). 质疑 remains the most versatile and widely used term in this semantic field. It strikes a balance between being firm and being professional. Whether you are writing a thesis or discussing the news with friends, knowing when to deploy 质疑 instead of its synonyms will greatly enhance the precision of your Chinese expression.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The character 疑 (yí) is one of the most complex in basic Chinese. It contains parts that mean 'to stop' and 'to walk,' perfectly capturing the physical sensation of being unable to move forward due to uncertainty.

Guide de prononciation

UK /dʒiː iː/

US /dʒiː iː/

The primary stress is on the first syllable 'zhì' because of its sharp falling tone, while 'yí' rises in pitch.

Rime avec

意志 (yìzhì) 由于 (yóuyú) - near rhyme 定义 (dìngyì) 利益 (lìyì) 记忆 (jìyì) 起义 (qǐyì) 正义 (zhèngyì) 含义 (hányì)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'zhi' as 'zee'. It should be a retroflex 'jr' sound.
Mixing up the tones, pronouncing it as 'zhīyī' (1st, 1st).
Failing to rise enough on the second syllable 'yí'.
Pronouncing 'yi' like 'why'. It should be like 'ee' in 'bee'.
Clipping the 'zhì' too short so it sounds like a neutral tone.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

The characters are somewhat complex, but the word is very common in news and formal texts.

Écriture 4/5

The character '疑' is difficult to write correctly without practice.

Expression orale 3/5

Easy to pronounce if you master the retroflex 'zh' and the rising 'yí' tone.

Écoute 3/5

Distinctive sound, but can be confused with other 'yí' words if the context is unclear.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

问 (ask) 疑 (doubt) 质 (quality) 信 (believe) 对 (toward/correct)

Apprends ensuite

质问 (interrogate) 怀疑 (suspect) 反驳 (refute) 证据 (evidence) 逻辑 (logic)

Avancé

辩证 (dialectical) 解构 (deconstruct) 权威 (authority) 实证 (empirical) 严谨 (rigorous)

Grammaire à connaître

Using '对...提出质疑' for specific targets.

他对手下的工作提出了质疑。(He raised questions about his subordinates' work.)

Using '遭到/受到' for passive questioning.

这个理论受到了严厉的质疑。(This theory was severely questioned.)

Using '质疑' as a modifier for nouns (质疑精神).

我们要培养孩子的质疑精神。(We should cultivate children's spirit of questioning.)

Adverbial placement before '质疑' (公开质疑).

不要在公共场合质疑他。(Don't question him in public.)

Using '值得/不容' with '质疑' to show necessity or impossibility.

这个数字不容质疑。(This number allows no questioning.)

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Exemples par niveau

我质疑你的话。

I doubt your words.

Subject + Verb + Object.

他不质疑我。

He doesn't question me.

Negative form using '不'.

为什么要质疑？

Why question it?

Simple question using '为什么'.

我没有质疑你。

I did not question you.

Past negative using '没有'.

大家都质疑他。

Everyone questions him.

Using '大家' as the subject.

请不要质疑我。

Please do not question me.

Polite command using '请不要'.

他的话值得质疑。

His words are worth questioning.

Using '值得' (worth) + Verb.

你质疑什么？

What are you questioning?

Using '什么' as the object.

你应该质疑这个消息的真实性。

You should question the authenticity of this news.

Should (应该) + Verb + Object.

他提出了一个质疑。

He raised a question.

Verb (提出) + Object (一个质疑).

没人质疑他的决定。

No one questioned his decision.

Using '没人' (no one) as the subject.

我并不质疑他的能力。

I don't really question his ability.

Using '并不' for emphasis.

这个结果受到了质疑。

This result was questioned.

Passive voice using '受到'.

他总是质疑老师。

He always questions the teacher.

Using '总是' (always) as an adverb.

不要盲目相信，要学会质疑。

Don't believe blindly, learn to question.

Imperative sentence.

我们质疑他的动机。

We question his motives.

Subject + Verb + Object.

公众对这项政策提出了强烈的质疑。

The public raised strong doubts about this policy.

Subject + 对... + 提出质疑.

他的诚实遭到了大家的质疑。

His honesty was questioned by everyone.

Passive voice using '遭到'.

我们不应该轻易质疑别人的努力。

We shouldn't easily question others' efforts.

Adverb (轻易) + Verb.

面对质疑，他拿出了证据。

Facing questioning, he produced evidence.

Facing (面对) + Noun.

这种做法引起了广泛的质疑。

This practice caused widespread questioning.

Verb (引起) + Adjective + Noun.

他质疑这个实验的合法性。

He questioned the legality of this experiment.

Subject + Verb + Complex Object.

没有人可以质疑我的忠诚。

No one can question my loyalty.

Can (可以) + Verb.

你有什么理由质疑他？

What reason do you have to question him?

Reason (理由) + Verb.

该报告的结论因数据不足而受到质疑。

The report's conclusions were questioned due to insufficient data.

Cause (因...) + Passive (受到质疑).

他公开质疑公司高层的决策。

He publicly questioned the decisions of the company's top management.

Adverb (公开) + Verb.

这种说法在科学界引起了不小的质疑。

This statement caused considerable questioning in the scientific community.

Cause (引起) + Noun phrase.

面对记者的连续质疑，发言人显得有些局促不安。

Faced with continuous questioning from reporters, the spokesperson seemed a bit uneasy.

Facing (面对) + Adjective + Noun.

我们必须学会质疑现有的权威。

We must learn to question existing authority.

Must (必须) + Verb.

他的研究成果在国际上遭到了广泛的质疑。

His research results were widely questioned internationally.

Passive voice with '遭到' + Adjective.

尽管证据确凿，他依然质疑结果。

Despite conclusive evidence, he still questioned the result.

Despite (尽管) + Still (依然).

这种质疑精神是科学进步的动力。

This spirit of questioning is the driving force of scientific progress.

质疑 as an adjective-like noun modifier.

这种形而上学的质疑触及了存在主义的核心。

This metaphysical questioning touches the core of existentialism.

Academic subject + Verb + Object.

他不仅质疑现有的理论，还提出了一套全新的方案。

He not only questioned existing theories but also proposed a brand new solution.

Not only (不仅) ... but also (还).

学术界对其论证的逻辑严密性提出了深刻的质疑。

The academic community raised profound questions about the logical rigor of his argument.

Complex noun phrase as object of 提出质疑.

这种质疑并非无理取闹，而是基于大量的实证研究。

This questioning is not making trouble out of nothing, but is based on a large amount of empirical research.

Not (并非) ... but (而是).

在权力面前，保持质疑的能力至关重要。

In the face of power, the ability to maintain questioning is crucial.

Crucial (至关重要) structure.

他的政治立场一直受到反对派的强烈质疑。

His political stance has always been strongly questioned by the opposition.

Passive voice with '一直受到'.

这种对传统价值观的质疑引发了广泛的社会讨论。

This questioning of traditional values has sparked widespread social discussion.

Subject (质疑) + Verb (引发) + Object.

我们应当辩证地看待这些质疑，从中吸取有益的建议。

We should look at these questions dialectically and draw useful suggestions from them.

Dialectically (辩证地) + Verb.

该学说的合法性在当代话语体系中受到了根本性的质疑。

The legitimacy of this doctrine has been fundamentally questioned within the contemporary discourse system.

Passive voice with '受到' + Adverbial modifier.

他以一种近乎偏执的冷静，质疑着周围一切既定的秩序。

With an almost paranoid calm, he questioned all the established orders around him.

Descriptive adverbial phrase + Verb.

这种质疑本身就是一种解构，它剥离了表象下的虚伪。

This questioning itself is a form of deconstruction; it strips away the hypocrisy beneath the surface.

Metaphorical use of 质疑.

任何不容质疑的真理，往往都隐藏着某种形式的专制。

Any truth that does not allow for questioning often hides some form of autocracy.

Relative clause '不容质疑的' modifying '真理'.

在虚假信息泛滥的时代，质疑成为了我们最后的防线。

In an era of rampant misinformation, questioning has become our last line of defense.

Metaphorical noun use.

他试图通过质疑来重构历史的真实面貌。

He attempted to reconstruct the true face of history through questioning.

Through (通过) + Noun + Verb.

这种对理性的过度质疑，可能会导致不可救药的虚无主义。

This excessive questioning of rationality may lead to irremediable nihilism.

Subject phrase + Modal verb (可能会).

质疑不仅仅是反抗，它更是一种对真理的深切渴望。

Questioning is not just rebellion; it is, more importantly, a deep longing for truth.

Not just (不仅仅是) ... but (更是一种).

Synonymes

怀疑挑战质询反驳

Antonymes

信任认可确信

Collocations courantes

提出质疑

受到质疑

遭到质疑

强烈质疑

公开质疑

引发质疑

不容质疑

面对质疑

合理质疑

自我质疑

Phrases Courantes

质疑权威

— To question authority. It encourages critical thinking and not blindly following power.

教育的目的是教学生质疑权威。(The goal of education is to teach students to question authority.)

质疑之声

— Voices of doubt. Refers to the collective skepticism of a group of people.

网络上出现了一片质疑之声。(A chorus of doubt appeared on the internet.)

毫无质疑

— Without any question. Used to emphasize that something is absolutely certain.

毫无质疑，他是最合适的人选。(Without question, he is the most suitable candidate.)

产生质疑

— To develop doubts. Describes the process of starting to feel skeptical.

我开始对他的话产生质疑。(I began to have doubts about his words.)

消除质疑

— To eliminate doubts. To provide evidence or explanation to clear up skepticism.

公司发布公告以消除公众的质疑。(The company issued a notice to clear up public doubts.)

面对质疑的勇气

— The courage to face questioning. Refers to staying firm when others doubt you.

他拥有面对质疑的勇气。(He has the courage to face questioning.)

质疑精神

— The spirit of questioning. A mindset of critical inquiry.

质疑精神对科学研究至关重要。(The spirit of questioning is crucial for scientific research.)

不断质疑

— To continuously question. To keep looking for flaws or truths.

他不断质疑自己的实验结果。(He constantly questions his own experimental results.)

多方质疑

— Questioning from multiple parties. Skepticism coming from different sources.

该项目受到了多方质疑。(The project has been questioned by multiple parties.)

值得质疑

— Worthy of questioning. Something that seems suspicious enough to investigate.

这种逻辑显然是值得质疑的。(This logic is clearly worth questioning.)

Souvent confondu avec

质疑 vs 质量 (zhìliàng)

They share the character 质, but 质量 means 'quality' as in the standard of a product.

质疑 vs 询问 (xúnwèn)

质疑 is a challenge based on doubt; 询问 is a neutral request for information.

质疑 vs 怀疑 (huáiyí)

怀疑 is the feeling of doubt; 质疑 is the active expression or challenge.

Expressions idiomatiques

"不容置疑"

— Allows no room for doubt; unquestionable. Used for absolute truths or facts.

事实胜于雄辩，这是不容置疑的。(Facts speak louder than words; this is beyond doubt.)

Formal

"疑窦丛生"

— Full of suspicions; many doubts arising. Used when a situation is very fishy.

案情复杂，令人疑窦丛生。(The case is complex, causing many doubts to arise.)

Literary

"半信半疑"

— Half-believing, half-doubting. Skeptical but not entirely dismissive.

听了他的话，我半信半疑。(After hearing him, I was half-believing and half-doubting.)

Neutral

"深信不疑"

— To believe firmly without any doubt. The opposite of 质疑.

我对他的诚实深信不疑。(I have firm belief in his honesty.)

Neutral

"满腹疑团"

— To be full of doubts and suspicions. Used for a state of confusion.

他带着满腹疑团离开了办公室。(He left the office full of doubts.)

Neutral

"疑云重重"

— Shrouded in thick clouds of doubt. Used for mysterious situations.

这起事故依然疑云重重。(This accident is still shrouded in mystery.)

Literary

"居之不疑"

— To be completely at ease and without doubt in one's position or belief.

他居之不疑地接受了赞美。(He accepted the praise without any doubt.)

Literary

"无可置疑"

— Beyond question; indisputable. Very similar to 不容置疑.

他的贡献是无可置疑的。(His contribution is beyond question.)

Formal

"迟疑不决"

— To hesitate and be unable to decide. Related to doubt (疑).

他在两个选择之间迟疑不决。(He hesitated between the two choices.)

Neutral

"狐疑不决"

— To be as suspicious and hesitant as a fox. Very suspicious.

他狐疑不决，不敢轻易行动。(He was very suspicious and dared not act lightly.)

Literary

Facile à confondre

质疑 vs 质问 (zhìwèn)

Both involve 'zhì' and 'questioning'.

质问 is much more aggressive, like an interrogation. 质疑 is more about the validity of a claim.

他质问我为什么偷钱 (He interrogated me about stealing) vs 他质疑这笔钱的来源 (He questioned the source of this money).

质疑 vs 疑问 (yíwèn)

Both involve 'yí' and 'doubt'.

疑问 is a noun meaning 'a question' or 'a doubt'. 质疑 is the verb/noun of 'challenging' that doubt.

我心里有一个疑问 (I have a doubt in my mind) vs 我对他提出质疑 (I raised a challenge to him).

质疑 vs 怀疑 (huáiyí)

Both mean 'doubt'.

怀疑 can be a passive suspicion (I suspect it's raining). 质疑 is an active intellectual challenge (I question the weather report).

我怀疑他没来 (I suspect he didn't come) vs 我质疑他没来的理由 (I question his reason for not coming).

质疑 vs 猜疑 (cāiyí)

Both involve 'yí'.

猜疑 is usually negative, implying unfounded suspicion or paranoia between people.

朋友之间不该互相猜疑 (Friends shouldn't suspect each other).

质疑 vs 犹豫 (yóuyù)

Both involve uncertainty.

犹豫 is about being indecisive in action. 质疑 is about doubting the truth of a statement.

他犹豫要不要去 (He hesitated about going).

Structures de phrases

我质疑 [Object]

我质疑他。

[Subject] 质疑这个 [Noun]

他质疑这个故事。

对 [Something] 提出质疑

我对他的话提出质疑。

[Something] 受到质疑

他的计划受到质疑。

[Adverb] 质疑 [Something]

专家强烈质疑该报告。

基于 [Reason] 提出质疑

基于逻辑错误，他提出了质疑。

这种 [Adjective] 的质疑 [Verb] 了 [Object]

这种根本性的质疑动摇了理论基础。

不容质疑的 [Noun]

这是不容质疑的事实。

Famille de mots

Noms

质疑 (questioning/doubt)

疑问 (question/doubt)

疑点 (point of doubt/suspicion)

疑心 (suspicion)

疑虑 (misgiving/apprehension)

Verbes

质疑 (to question)

怀疑 (to suspect/doubt)

迟疑 (to hesitate)

疑心 (to suspect)

猜疑 (to harbor suspicions)

Adjectifs

可疑 (suspicious)

疑难 (difficult and complicated)

多疑 (suspicious/distrustful)

不疑 (undoubting)

Apparenté

质询 (to interpellate/query formally)

质问 (to interrogate)

品质 (quality)

本质 (essence)

疑惑 (confusion/doubt)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

High in formal media, academia, and professional environments.

Erreurs courantes

Using 质疑 for simple questions. → 使用 '问' 或 '询问'。
质疑 is for challenging validity. You don't '质疑' the time; you '问' the time.
Confusing 质疑 with 质量。 → 注意上下文。
质量 means quality of a product. 质疑 means to question truth. They are unrelated in meaning.
Using 质疑 as a synonym for 'angry interrogation' (质问). → 在愤怒时使用 '质问'。
质疑 is more intellectual and skeptical; 质问 is more about demanding an answer in a confrontational way.
Forgetting the '对' in '对...提出质疑'。 → 我对他的话提出质疑。
When 质疑 is a noun, you need the preposition '对' to indicate the target.
Using 质疑 for 'suspecting' someone of a crime (internal). → 使用 '怀疑'。
质疑 is usually the external act of questioning. Internal suspicion is better expressed by 怀疑.

Astuces

Formal Contexts

Always use 质疑 in formal writing or professional debates. It shows you are thinking critically and using precise language.

Pairing with '提出'

The most common way to use 质疑 as a noun is with the verb 提出 (tíchū). '提出质疑' is a set phrase you should memorize.

Avoid Being Rude

If you want to question someone politely, add '我想...' (I would like to...) before '质疑'. For example: '我想质疑一下这个数据'.

Critical Thinking

In Chinese exams, '质疑能力' (ability to question) is often cited as a key skill for modern students. Use this phrase in academic contexts.

Contrast with 相信

To remember the meaning, think of 质疑 as the active opposite of 相信 (believe). It's the moment you stop believing and start checking.

Use in Essays

Start a paragraph with '然而，也有人对此提出了质疑' (However, some have raised questions about this) to show balance in your writing.

News Headlines

When you hear '质疑' in the news, pay attention to who is questioning whom. It usually indicates a conflict or a scandal.

Character Breakdown

Remember '质' (check substance) and '疑' (doubt). If you check the substance and find doubt, you are 质疑-ing.

Tone Accuracy

Make sure your 4th tone on 'zhì' is sharp. If it's too flat, it might be confused with other words.

Mnemonic Aid

Associate the 'YI' in 质疑 with the English 'Y' in 'WhY'. You are asking 'Why?' with substance (质).

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Zhi' as the sound of a sharp 'JR' (like Junior) questioning a 'YI' (like a long 'EE'). A Junior questioning the 'EE' (Everything) he sees.

Association visuelle

Imagine a judge (质) holding a magnifying glass over a giant question mark (疑). The judge is looking for the 'substance' (质) within the 'doubt' (疑).

Word Web

质疑 (zhìyí) 怀疑 (huáiyí) 质问 (zhìwèn) 疑问 (yíwèn) 可疑 (kěyí) 无疑 (wúyí) 疑点 (yídiǎn) 品质 (pǐnzhì)

Défi

Try to find one news headline today that uses the word 质疑. Explain in your own words why the subject is being questioned.

Origine du mot

The word 质疑 combines two ancient characters. '质' (zhì) originally referred to a hostage or a pledge, evolving to mean substance or to confront. '疑' (yí) depicted a person standing at a crossroads, unsure of which way to go, symbolizing doubt.

Sens originel : To confront someone with doubts or to verify the substance of a claim through questioning.

Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic.

Contexte culturel

Be careful when using 质疑 with superiors or elders in a traditional setting. It can sound like a direct challenge to their competence.

In English-speaking cultures, 'questioning' is often encouraged as a sign of engagement and intelligence. 质疑 captures this spirit but is slightly more formal than the everyday 'questioning'.

The phrase '质疑一切' (Question everything) is a common translation of the motto attributed to Karl Marx. Scientific methodology in Chinese textbooks is often summarized as '观察、质疑、假设、实验' (Observe, Question, Hypothesize, Experiment). Legal dramas like 'The Good Wife' or 'Suits' are often subtitled with 质疑 when lawyers challenge witnesses.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Scientific Research

质疑实验方法
数据受到质疑
提出科学质疑
结论值得质疑

Legal Proceedings

质疑证人
质疑证据的合法性
律师提出质疑
不容质疑的证据

Business Meetings

质疑计划的可行性
对预算提出质疑
面对投资者的质疑
消除市场质疑

News Reporting

引发公众质疑
官方回应质疑
媒体纷纷质疑
强烈的质疑声

Education

鼓励学生质疑
质疑传统观点
培养质疑能力
对课本内容产生质疑

Amorces de conversation

"你对这个新闻报道有什么质疑吗？ (Do you have any questions/doubts about this news report?)"

"我们是不是应该质疑一下这个数据的来源？ (Shouldn't we question the source of this data?)"

"面对这么多的质疑，你打算怎么解释？ (Faced with so many questions, how do you plan to explain?)"

"你认为在工作中质疑领导是好事吗？ (Do you think it's a good thing to question the leader at work?)"

"什么样的证据才能消除你的质疑？ (What kind of evidence can eliminate your doubts?)"

Sujets d'écriture

描述一次你勇敢质疑权威的经历。你当时是怎么想的？结果如何？ (Describe an experience where you bravely questioned authority. What were you thinking? What was the result?)

你认为质疑精神对于一个人的成长有多重要？请举例说明。 (How important do you think the spirit of questioning is for a person's growth? Please illustrate with examples.)

在这个信息爆炸的时代，我们该如何保持质疑的能力，而不陷入虚无主义？ (In this era of information explosion, how can we maintain the ability to question without falling into nihilism?)

如果你发现一个你一直相信的真理受到了质疑，你会怎么做？ (What would you do if you found that a truth you always believed in was being questioned?)

讨论一下‘质疑’与‘不尊重’之间的界限。 (Discuss the boundary between 'questioning' and 'disrespect'.)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Not necessarily. In science and academia, 质疑 is seen as a positive and necessary process for finding the truth. However, in personal relationships, it can sound accusatory.

No. Use 问 or 询问 for simple information. Use 质疑 only when you are challenging whether something is true or valid.

质疑 is more about the 'what' (the idea/fact), while 质问 is more about the 'who' (interrogating the person). 质问 is often angrier.

You can use the idiom '不容置疑' (bù róng zhì yí) or '无可置疑' (wú kě zhì yí).

It is common in news and work, but in casual daily life, people use 怀疑 more often to express simple doubt.

Yes, it is very common as a noun, as in '面对质疑' (facing questioning) or '提出质疑' (raising a doubt).

It translates to 'the spirit of questioning' or 'skeptical spirit,' referring to a critical thinking mindset.

Usually, a '质疑' is more effective if it is based on some reason or evidence, rather than just a blind guess.

Use it when the subject is the one being doubted. For example: '他的理论受到了大家的质疑' (His theory was questioned by everyone).

Yes, it is typically introduced at the B1 (Intermediate) level as students begin to discuss more complex and formal topics.

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