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B1 noun #4,000 le plus courant 11 min de lecture

家教

jiājiào Top 4,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 家教 en 30 secondes

Explication 家教 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know '家教' (jiājiào) in its simplest form as 'private tutor'. Think of it as a person who helps you with your homework. At this stage, you might say '我有家教' (I have a tutor) or '我的家教很好' (My tutor is very good). You don't need to worry about the 'upbringing' meaning yet. Focus on the fact that '家' means home and '教' means teach. So, a 'home-teacher'. This word is useful if you are a student or if you are talking about your daily schedule. You can use it with measure words like '一个' (yī gè). For example, '我请了一个家教教我汉语' (I hired a tutor to teach me Chinese). This is a very practical word for beginners living in China or interacting with Chinese students, as tutoring is a very common part of life. Remember, don't call the person '家教' to their face; call them '老师' (teacher). Using '家教' is just for describing their job to other people.

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At the A2 level, you can start using '家教' (jiājiào) in more varied sentences. You should be able to talk about 'doing' the job of a tutor using the verb '当' (dāng) or '做' (zuò). For example, '他在大学当家教' (He works as a tutor in university). You might also start to see the word used to mean 'family education' in very simple contexts, like '家教很严' (family upbringing is strict). At this level, you should understand that '家教' is a noun and can be modified by simple adjectives. You might hear parents saying '请个家教' (hire a tutor) when discussing their children's grades. You should also be able to distinguish '家教' from '老师' (teacher) and '学校' (school). While a '老师' works in a '学校', a '家教' works in a '家' (home). This distinction is important for describing people's roles correctly. You can also use it to explain why you are busy: '我下午有家教' (I have tutoring/a tutor this afternoon).

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At the B1 level, you are expected to master both meanings of '家教' (jiājiào): 'tutor' and 'upbringing'. You should understand that 'upbringing' is a reflection of family values. You will encounter phrases like '受过良好的家教' (received a good upbringing) and '没家教' (no upbringing/rude). You should be able to use these to describe people's character and social behavior. In terms of the 'tutor' meaning, you can now discuss the purpose of hiring one, such as '为了考大学，他请了数学家教' (In order to get into university, he hired a math tutor). You should also notice how '家教' is used in social commentary. For instance, if you see a news story about a child misbehaving, you might see the word '家教' used to blame the parents. This level requires you to understand the cultural weight of the word—that '家教' is not just about learning facts, but about learning how to be a person (做人). You should be comfortable using it in both academic and social discussions.

At the B2 level, you should be able to discuss '家教' (jiājiào) in the context of social issues and educational policy. For example, you might talk about the 'Double Reduction' (双减) policy in China and how it affected the '家教' (tutoring) industry. You should also be able to use the word in more complex grammatical structures, such as '家教的好坏直接影响孩子的一生' (The quality of family upbringing directly affects a child's entire life). At this level, you can compare '家教' with more formal terms like '家庭教育' (family education as a field of study) or '教养' (breeding). You should understand the nuance that '家教' often implies a set of family rules and traditions, while '教养' is the personal quality resulting from that. You can also use it metaphorically or in professional contexts, such as discussing the 'upbringing' of a corporate culture or the 'tutoring' of new employees, though the latter is less common. Your understanding should include the emotional weight of the term, especially the severity of the insult '没家教'.

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At the C1 level, your understanding of '家教' (jiājiào) should be deep and nuanced, reflecting an awareness of its historical and Confucian roots. You can discuss how '家教' functions as a form of 'social capital' in Chinese society. You might analyze literary texts where a character's '家教' is described to reveal their hidden motives or social standing. You should be able to use the term in academic discussions about pedagogy, distinguishing between 'informal family education' (家教) and 'formal institutional education'. You can also explore the linguistic evolution of the term, from the traditional 'family instructions' (家训) to the modern 'private tutor'. Your usage should be precise, using collocations like '言传身教' (teaching by word and example) to explain the mechanism of '家教'. You should also be able to navigate the sensitivities of the term, knowing exactly when to use it as a compliment or a subtle critique of someone's background. At this level, '家教' is not just a word, but a window into the soul of Chinese social hierarchy and moral philosophy.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like command of '家教' (jiājiào), enabling you to use it with irony, sarcasm, or profound philosophical depth. You can engage in high-level debates about the privatization of education and the role of '家教' (tutoring) in exacerbating social inequality. You might write essays on how the concept of '家教' (upbringing) has shifted from the collective honor of the clan to the individualistic success of the nuclear family in the 21st century. You can understand and use the word in classical or semi-classical contexts, perhaps referencing '家教' in the sense of traditional family canons like the 'Yan Family Instructions' (颜氏家训). Your ability to use '家教' includes understanding its absence; you can discuss the 'lack of family education' in 'left-behind children' (留守儿童) with sociological precision. You are also aware of how the term is used in legal contexts regarding parental responsibility. At this level, you can manipulate the term to suit any register, from a scathing social critique to a sentimental reflection on one's own roots.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

家教 en 30 secondes

家教 (jiājiào) means upbringing or a private tutor.
It is a noun used to describe manners or a job.
Good '家教' means you are polite and well-bred.
Hiring a '家教' is common for students in China.

The Chinese term 家教 (jiājiào) is a fascinating and multi-layered noun that bridges the gap between the private sphere of the home and the public sphere of education. At its core, the word is composed of two characters: 家 (jiā), meaning 'home' or 'family', and 教 (jiào), meaning 'to teach' or 'instruction'. Depending on the context, it translates to either 'family upbringing/education' or 'a private tutor'. Understanding this duality is crucial for any intermediate learner of Chinese.

Core Concept: Upbringing: In the context of personality and behavior, 家教 refers to the moral and social training a person receives from their parents. It is the foundation of a person's character in Chinese society. When someone is polite, respectful to elders, and follows social etiquette, people will say they have 'good 家教'. Conversely, if someone is rude or lacks manners, it is often seen as a failure of their '家教', reflecting poorly not just on the individual, but on their entire family lineage.

那个孩子非常有家教，总是主动跟长辈打招呼。 (That child has excellent upbringing; he always takes the initiative to greet his elders.)

Functional Concept: Private Tutoring: In a more practical, modern sense, 家教 refers to a private tutor—usually a university student or a professional teacher hired to provide one-on-one instruction at home. This usage is extremely common in urban China, where the competitive nature of the education system (the 'Gaokao' culture) drives parents to seek extra help for their children in subjects like Math, English, or Piano. In this context, it functions as a countable noun referring to the person performing the job.

我大学期间当过三年的家教。 (I worked as a private tutor for three years during my university days.)

Sociologically, the emphasis on 家教 as upbringing stems from Confucianism, where the family is the primary unit of moral development. A person's behavior is never seen in isolation; it is a mirror of the parents' '教' (teaching). This is why the term carries such heavy weight in social evaluations. In modern times, the shift toward the 'tutor' meaning reflects the intense academic pressure in East Asian cultures. However, even when hiring a 'tutor' (家教), parents are essentially extending the 'family education' (家教) to ensure their child's success. The two meanings, while distinct, are linked by the central role of the family in a child's growth and future prospects.

优秀的家教不仅教知识，还教做人的道理。 (An excellent family education/tutor teaches not only knowledge but also the principles of how to be a good person.)

Register and Usage: The word is neutral to formal. In daily conversation, it is the standard way to refer to both concepts. In formal writing, such as sociological essays, it specifically denotes the domestic pedagogical environment. For learners, mastering 家教 is a gateway to understanding Chinese social dynamics and the high value placed on both academic achievement and moral conduct.

他的家教非常严格，从小就被要求食不言寝不语。 (His family upbringing was very strict; from a young age, he was required not to speak while eating or sleeping.)

Using 家教 (jiājiào) correctly requires a clear understanding of its two primary grammatical functions: as an abstract noun representing 'upbringing' and as a concrete noun representing a 'person/tutor'. Let's explore the sentence patterns for each.

Pattern 1: Upbringing (Abstract Noun): When used to describe a person's breeding or manners, 家教 often follows the verb '有' (to have) or is modified by adjectives like '好' (good), '严' (strict), or '差' (poor). It is a quality that one possesses. In negative contexts, '没家教' (no upbringing) is a very strong insult, suggesting that the person's parents failed to teach them basic human decency.

一个人有没有家教，看他对待服务员的态度就知道了。 (Whether a person has upbringing can be seen by their attitude toward waiters.)

Pattern 2: Hiring/Working as a Tutor (Concrete Noun): When referring to the profession, 家教 functions like other job titles. You can '请' (hire), '找' (look for), or '当' (act as) a 家教. Since the 2021 'Double Reduction' policy in China, the landscape for 家教 has changed significantly, but the term remains the standard way to describe private, one-on-one academic help.

为了提高英语成绩，我父母给我请了一位外籍家教。 (To improve my English grades, my parents hired a foreign tutor for me.)

Another common structure involves '受' (to receive). This is specifically for the upbringing meaning. '受过良好的家教' is a common phrase in formal descriptions or literature to indicate that a character comes from a respectable and well-disciplined background.

他从小就受到良好的家教，言行举止都非常得体。 (He received a good family upbringing since childhood, and his words and actions are very appropriate.)

Comparison with '教育' (Education): While '教育' (jiàoyù) is the general term for education (schooling, social education, etc.), '家教' is specifically limited to the home. '学校教育' (school education) focuses on knowledge and social skills in a peer group, while '家教' focuses on the moral compass and private discipline provided by the family unit.

学校教育固然重要，但家教才是孩子成长的基石。 (School education is certainly important, but family upbringing is the cornerstone of a child's growth.)

The word 家教 (jiājiào) is ubiquitous in Chinese life, appearing in both high-stakes social evaluations and mundane everyday transactions. Its frequency makes it a essential part of the B1 vocabulary repertoire.

Scene 1: Social Gossip and Moral Judgment: In China, if a child misbehaves in a restaurant or on a train, onlookers might whisper about the child's '家教'. It is a common topic of conversation among adults when discussing the character of others. Saying '他家教很好' is one of the highest compliments you can pay to someone's parents, implying they raised a 'quality' (素质) human being.

哎，这孩子真没家教，在电影院里大声吵闹。 (Sigh, this kid really has no upbringing, making such a noise in the cinema.)

Scene 2: University Life and Part-time Jobs: For university students in China, '做家教' (doing tutoring) is the most common part-time job. You will hear students discussing their '家教' shifts, their students' progress, and how much they are paid per hour. Campus bulletin boards often have advertisements for '家教' opportunities. In this context, it is purely professional.

我晚上要去给一个初中生做家教，不能去聚餐了。 (I have to go tutor a junior high student tonight, so I can't go to the dinner.)

Scene 3: Family Discussions: Within the family, parents often discuss '家教' in terms of their parenting philosophy. They might argue about whether their '家教' is too strict or too lenient. It is also used when introducing a partner to the family; parents will observe the partner's '家教' (manners) to determine if they come from a compatible background.

我们要重视孩子的家教，不能只看分数。 (We must value the child's upbringing, not just their grades.)

Scene 4: TV Dramas and Literature: In Chinese 'family dramas' (家庭剧), the conflict often centers around '家教'. For example, a wealthy family might look down on a daughter-in-law because they believe her '家教' is insufficient. In literature, describing a character's '家教' is a shorthand for establishing their social class and moral standing.

她出身名门，家教极好，谈吐间尽显优雅。 (She comes from a famous family with excellent upbringing; her speech and manner are full of elegance.)

While 家教 (jiājiào) is a common word, its dual meaning and specific cultural connotations lead to several frequent errors by English speakers. Awareness of these can help you sound more like a native speaker.

Mistake 1: Confusing '家教' with '教育': English speakers often use 'education' to cover everything. In Chinese, '教育' (jiàoyù) is the broad term for education. '家教' is strictly within the family. You cannot say '我的家教是在清华大学完成的' (My family education was completed at Tsinghua University). You should use '教育' there. '家教' refers to what your parents taught you at the dinner table or the tutor who came to your house.

❌ 他的学校家教很好。
✅ 他的学校教育很好。 (His school education is good.)

Mistake 2: Using '家教' as a Title: In English, you might say 'Hey, Tutor!' (though rare). In Chinese, you never call a person '家教' to their face. Even if they are a private tutor, you call them '老师' (Teacher) or '[Surname] 老师'. '家教' is the name of the role in the third person. Calling someone '家教' directly sounds transactional and slightly disrespectful.

❌ 家教，我可以问个问题吗？
✅ 老师，我可以问个问题吗？ (Teacher, may I ask a question?)

Mistake 3: Misunderstanding '没家教': Learners sometimes think '没家教' just means 'not educated' (like not knowing math). It doesn't. It means 'rude' or 'ill-bred'. It is a direct attack on the person's parents. Use this phrase with extreme caution; it is much more offensive than saying someone is 'rude' (没礼貌).

❌ 他不会算术，真没家教。
✅ 他不会算术，真没受过好教育。 (He can't do arithmetic; he hasn't received a good education.)

Mistake 4: Countability Issues: When 家教 means 'upbringing', it is uncountable. You don't say '一个家教' (one upbringing). When it means 'tutor', it is countable, but usually uses the measure word '位' (wèi) for respect or '个' (gè) for informal speech. Mixing these up can confuse the listener about whether you are talking about a person or a concept.

❌ 他有三位家教。(Referring to upbringing)
✅ 他有三位家教。(Referring to three different tutors - this is correct!)

To truly master 家教 (jiājiào), you must see how it fits into the broader vocabulary of education and manners in Chinese. Several words share semantic space but carry different nuances.

家教 vs. 教养 (jiàoyǎng): These are very close. '家教' is the *process* of being taught at home, while '教养' is the *result* (breeding/manners). You 'have' (有) both. However, '教养' is slightly more formal and focuses on the internal cultivation of the person, whereas '家教' emphasizes the external influence of the family rules. You can say '他很有教养' (He is very well-bred) to mean the same as '他家教很好'.

家教是父母的功劳，教养是自己的修为。 (Upbringing is the parents' credit; breeding is one's own cultivation.)

家教 vs. 家庭教师 (jiātíng jiàoshī): '家庭教师' is the full, formal term for 'private tutor'. It is rarely used in daily conversation because '家教' is shorter and more natural. You might see '家庭教师' in a contract or a formal job description, but when talking to a friend, always use '家教'. Note: '家庭教师' only means 'tutor', it never means 'upbringing'.

他被聘请为这家孩子的家庭教师。 (He was hired as the private tutor for this family's children.)

家教 vs. 补习 (bǔxí): '补习' means 'supplementary study' or 'to take extra lessons'. It usually happens at a '补习班' (cram school/learning center) with a group of students. '家教' is specifically one-on-one at home. If a child goes to a center after school, they are '去补习' (going to tutoring), but they don't have a '家教' unless the teacher comes to them.

与其去补习班，我更愿意请个家教。 (Instead of going to a cram school, I'd rather hire a private tutor.)

Summary Table

Word	Primary Meaning	Context
家教	Upbringing / Tutor	Daily, casual to formal
教养	Breeding / Manners	Formal, evaluative
补习	Cramming / Extra lessons	Academic, school-related
素质	Quality of person	Broad social evaluation

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

In ancient China, '家教' was often recorded in 'Family Instructions' (家训), which were books written by famous scholars to tell their descendants how to behave.

Guide de prononciation

UK /dʒjɑː dʒjaʊ/

US /dʒjɑ dʒjaʊ/

The stress is balanced, but the fourth tone on 'jiào' makes it sound more emphasized.

Rime avec

家 (jiā) rhymes with 花 (huā), 妈 (mā). 教 (jiào) rhymes with 笑 (xiào), 照 (zhào), 报 (bào), 道 (dào), 考 (kǎo - near rhyme), 冒 (mào), 闹 (nào), 跳 (tiào).

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'j' like 'zh' (avoid the 'r' sound).
Missing the 'i' sound in 'jia' or 'jiao'.
Getting the tones wrong (1st tone 'jiā', 4th tone 'jiào').
Pronouncing 'jiao' like 'jow' (it must have the 'ee' sound).
Confusing 'jiao' (4th tone) with 'jiao' (3rd tone, like 'foot').

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Characters are common, but dual meaning requires context.

Écriture 4/5

Writing '教' can be tricky for beginners.

Expression orale 2/5

Easy to say, but tones must be distinct.

Écoute 3/5

Must listen for the verb to know which meaning is intended.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

家教老师学生好

Apprends ensuite

教养素质培养严格礼貌

Avancé

门风家训修养因材施教言传身教

Grammaire à connaître

The use of '有' for abstract qualities.

他很有家教。

Measure words for people (位 vs 个).

一位家教。

Resultative complements with '受'.

受过良好的家教。

Purpose clauses with '为了'.

为了提高成绩，请了家教。

Attribute '的' for possession.

我弟弟的家教。

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Exemples par niveau

我请了一个家教。

I hired a private tutor.

Uses '请' (hire) + '个' (measure word) + '家教' (tutor).

我的家教是大学生。

My tutor is a university student.

A is B structure.

家教老师今天不来。

The tutor is not coming today.

Negative '不' with '来'.

你想当家教吗？

Do you want to be a tutor?

Question with '吗'.

他是我弟弟的家教。

He is my younger brother's tutor.

Possessive '的'.

家教一小时多少钱？

How much is the tutor per hour?

Question about price.

我需要一个英语家教。

I need an English tutor.

Subject + Verb + Object.

那个家教很客气。

That tutor is very polite.

Adjective '客气' describing the person.

他在网上找家教。

He is looking for a tutor online.

Location '在网上' before verb '找'.

做家教可以赚钱。

Working as a tutor can earn money.

'做家教' as a subject.

我每天下午都有家教。

I have tutoring every afternoon.

Time expression '每天下午'.

她的家教很严格。

Her family upbringing is very strict.

Here '家教' means upbringing.

请问你是数学家教吗？

Excuse me, are you the math tutor?

Compound noun '数学家教'.

他家教很好，很有礼貌。

He has a good upbringing; he is very polite.

Using '家教' to describe manners.

我打算给儿子找个家教。

I plan to find a tutor for my son.

Verb '打算' (plan) + '给...找'.

当家教需要有耐心。

Being a tutor requires patience.

Verb '需要' (need/require).

一个人有没有家教，看他的细节。

Whether a person has upbringing can be seen in their details.

'有没有' structure for 'whether or not'.

他受过良好的家教。

He has received a good upbringing.

Passive/Resultative '受过'.

那个孩子在公共场合乱跑，真没家教。

That child is running around in public; they really have no upbringing.

'没家教' used as a criticism.

父母的言行就是最好的家教。

Parents' words and actions are the best family education.

Abstract meaning of family education.

我通过当家教减轻了学费压力。

I reduced the pressure of tuition fees by working as a tutor.

'通过' (through) + method.

请家教不仅是为了提分，更是为了培养习惯。

Hiring a tutor is not just for raising scores, but more for cultivating habits.

'不仅...更是...' (not only... but even more...).

由于家教太严，他从小就很自律。

Because his upbringing was too strict, he has been self-disciplined since childhood.

'由于' (due to) + cause.

他非常有家教，从不打断别人说话。

He has excellent upbringing; he never interrupts others.

'从不' (never) + action.

家教的质量直接关系到孩子的未来。

The quality of family education is directly related to the child's future.

'直接关系到' (is directly related to).

很多家长把家教当成提高成绩的唯一手段。

Many parents treat private tutoring as the only means to improve grades.

'把...当成...' (treat... as...).

在某些国家，家教行业受到严格监管。

In some countries, the tutoring industry is strictly regulated.

Passive voice '受到...监管'.

他那没家教的样子让父母感到很丢脸。

His ill-bred appearance made his parents feel very ashamed.

'...的样子' (the appearance/manner of...).

家庭教育法强调了家教在成长中的作用。

The Family Education Law emphasizes the role of upbringing in growth.

Formal subject '家庭教育法'.

优秀的家教能够弥补学校教育的不足。

Excellent family education can make up for the deficiencies of school education.

Verb '弥补' (to compensate/make up for).

他虽然家境一般，但家教极好。

Although his family background is ordinary, his upbringing is excellent.

'虽然...但...' (although... but...).

请家教的费用已经成为了家庭的一大负担。

The cost of hiring tutors has become a major burden for families.

'成为' (become) + noun phrase.

家教不仅是知识的传递，更是价值观的塑造。

Family education is not just the transmission of knowledge, but the shaping of values.

Abstract nouns '传递' and '塑造'.

在传统观念中，家教是门风的体现。

In traditional concepts, upbringing is the embodiment of family style.

'体现' (embodiment/reflection).

他那种刻在骨子里的家教让人肃然起敬。

That kind of upbringing engraved in his bones makes one feel deep respect.

Metaphorical '刻在骨子里' (engraved in bones).

家教市场在政策调整后面临转型。

The tutoring market is facing a transformation after policy adjustments.

Formal economic terminology.

没家教的指责往往比直接的谩骂更伤人。

Accusations of being ill-bred are often more hurtful than direct verbal abuse.

Comparative '比...更...'.

良好的家教有助于培养孩子的独立人格。

Good family upbringing helps cultivate a child's independent personality.

'有助于' (is helpful for).

他通过兼职家教深入了解了不同阶层的家庭。

He gained a deep understanding of families of different classes through part-time tutoring.

'深入了解' (deep understanding).

家教的缺失往往是青少年犯罪的诱因之一。

The lack of family education is often one of the incentives for juvenile delinquency.

Academic term '诱因' (incentive/trigger).

家教之于人格，犹根基之于大厦。

Upbringing is to personality as a foundation is to a building.

Literary '之于...犹...之于' structure.

在资本的裹挟下，家教逐渐异化为提分的工具。

Under the influence of capital, tutoring has gradually alienated into a tool for raising scores.

Sophisticated vocabulary '裹挟' and '异化'.

他那近乎迂腐的家教，在现代社会显得格格不入。

His almost pedantic upbringing seems out of place in modern society.

Idiom '格格不入' (out of place).

家教的本质应是生命的唤醒，而非灵魂的禁锢。

The essence of family education should be the awakening of life, not the imprisonment of the soul.

Philosophical '应是...而非...'.

通过审视一个人的家教，我们可以窥见其家族的兴衰。

By examining a person's upbringing, we can catch a glimpse of the rise and fall of their clan.

Formal verb '窥见' (glimpse).

没家教这种论调，有时也带有阶级偏见的色彩。

The discourse of 'lacking upbringing' sometimes carries the color of class prejudice.

'带有...色彩' (carry the flavor/color of).

家教严苛到极点，往往会引发孩子的强烈反弹。

When family upbringing is strict to the extreme, it often triggers a strong backlash from the child.

Causal '往往会引发'.

在数字时代，‘云家教’正重塑着传统的师生关系。

In the digital age, 'cloud tutoring' is reshaping traditional teacher-student relationships.

Modern term '云家教'.

Synonymes

教养家庭教师补习老师导师素质修养门风家规

Antonymes

没教养粗鲁放任野蛮

Collocations courantes

请家教

当家教

很有家教

没家教

家教严

受过家教

家教费

英语家教

找家教

家教好

Phrases Courantes

家教严厉

— Very strict family upbringing.

他家教严厉，从不迟到。

良好的家教

— A good upbringing.

良好的家教是成功的第一步。

职业家教

— A professional private tutor.

她是一名职业家教。

兼职家教

— A part-time tutor.

大学生常做兼职家教。

上门家教

— A tutor who comes to the home.

我喜欢上门家教，更方便。

一对一家教

— One-on-one tutoring.

一对一家教效果更好。

家教环境

— The environment of family education.

家教环境对孩子很重要。

缺乏家教

— Lacking family education/manners.

他的行为显示出缺乏家教。

重视家教

— To value family upbringing.

中国家庭非常重视家教。

家教经验

— Tutoring experience.

你有家教经验吗？

Souvent confondu avec

家教 vs 教育

General education vs. specific family upbringing/tutoring.

家教 vs 教养

Personal manners (result) vs. family instruction (process).

家教 vs 教师

General teacher vs. private home tutor.

Expressions idiomatiques

"言传身教"

— To teach by words and example.

父母应该对孩子言传身教。

Formal

"子不教，父之过"

— If a child is not taught, it is the father's fault.

这就是所谓的子不教，父之过。

Literary

"有教无类"

— In education, there should be no distinction of classes.

孔子主张有教无类。

Classical

"循循善诱"

— To lead someone systematically and patiently.

那位家教老师总是循循善诱。

Formal

"因材施教"

— To teach according to the student's ability.

优秀的家教懂得因材施教。

Formal

"教子有方"

— To have effective methods in educating one's children.

邻居都夸他教子有方。

Formal

"知书达理"

— Educated and reasonable (often describing women).

她是个知书达理、有家教的女孩。

Formal

"耳濡目染"

— To be influenced by what one sees and hears.

在良好的家教下，他耳濡目染。

Formal

"潜移默化"

— A silent, transforming influence.

家教对孩子是潜移默化的。

Formal

"名师出高徒"

— A great teacher produces a brilliant student.

找个好家教，名师出高徒。

Common

Facile à confondre

家教 vs 家室

Both start with '家'.

家室 refers to one's wife and children/family status, not education.

他已有家室。

家教 vs 教练

Both end with '教' related sounds.

教练 means 'coach' (usually for sports).

他是我的网球教练。

家教 vs 教室

Sounds similar to '家教' (jiàoshì vs jiājiào).

教室 means 'classroom'.

我们在教室里上课。

家教 vs 家具

Both start with '家'.

家具 means 'furniture'.

这套家具很贵。

家教 vs 教授

Both involve teaching.

教授 is a university 'professor'.

他是大学教授。

Structures de phrases

我有[Subject]家教。

我有数学家教。

他在[Place]当家教。

他在上海当家教。

他[Adverb]有家教。

他非常有家教。

请家教是为了[Purpose]。

请家教是为了考好大学。

受过[Adjective]的家教。

受过严格的家教。

[A]是[B]的体现。

家教是门风的体现。

通过[Method]来[Result]。

通过当家教来积累经验。

[A]之于[B]，犹如[C]之于[D]。

家教之于人格，犹如根基之于大厦。

Famille de mots

Noms

家长 (jiāzhǎng) - parent

教师 (jiàoshī) - teacher

教育 (jiàoyù) - education

教材 (jiàocái) - teaching materials

Verbes

教 (jiāo) - to teach

教育 (jiàoyù) - to educate

教练 (jiàoliàn) - to coach

教学 (jiàoxué) - to teach

Adjectifs

受教 (shòujiào) - to benefit from teaching

受教育 (shòu jiàoyù) - educated

Apparenté

家庭 (jiātíng) - family

教养 (jiàoyǎng) - upbringing

补习 (bǔxí) - tutoring

素质 (sùzhì) - quality

礼貌 (lǐmào) - manners

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Extremely high in daily life and educational contexts.

Erreurs courantes

Calling a tutor '家教老师' to their face. → Call them '老师'.
'家教' is a job description, not a title.
Saying '我的家教在大学' when you mean education. → Say '我的教育...'.
'家教' is only for home-based education.
Using '个' for a respected tutor. → Use '位'.
'位' is more polite for teachers.
Thinking '没家教' only means 'bad grades'. → It means 'bad manners'.
It refers to moral upbringing, not academic success.
Confusing '家教' with '教室' (classroom). → 家教 (jiājiào) vs. 教室 (jiàoshì).
They sound similar but are very different.

Astuces

Verb Pairing

Always pair '家教' with '当' (dāng) if you are the one teaching, and '请' (qǐng) if you are the one hiring.

Face Value

Remember that '家教' is tied to family honor. Complimenting it is a great way to show respect to someone's parents.

Avoid Direct Address

Never say 'Hello, 家教'. Always use '老师' (Teacher) when speaking to a tutor directly.

Context is King

If you hear '家教' in a loud argument, it probably means 'upbringing'. In a school setting, it probably means 'tutor'.

Character Balance

The character '家' should have a strong 'top' (roof). The character '教' should have a clear distinction between its two sides.

Subject Specifics

You can add any subject before '家教' (e.g., 钢琴家教 - piano tutor).

First Impressions

In a Chinese job interview, showing '家教' (good manners) is often as important as your technical skills.

Home-Teach

Just remember: Home (家) + Teach (教). Everything taught at home.

Idiom Usage

Try using '言传身教' when discussing '家教' to sound more like a C1 speaker.

Insult Alert

Never use '没家教' unless you are prepared for a serious confrontation.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Jia' as your Home and 'Jiao' as the teacher's Shout (or teaching). A 'Home-Teach'.

Association visuelle

Imagine a teacher sitting at your kitchen table (tutor) or your parents correcting your table manners (upbringing).

Word Web

Home Teacher Manners Discipline Parents Gaokao Study Etiquette

Défi

Try to use '家教' in a sentence twice, once for each meaning: '我的家教(tutor)夸我有家教(upbringing).'

Origine du mot

The term combines '家' (jiā), which originally depicted a pig under a roof (symbolizing a settled home), and '教' (jiào), which depicted a child being instructed with a stick (symbolizing discipline and teaching).

Sens originel : Instruction within the clan or family household.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese).

Contexte culturel

Be very careful using '没家教' (no upbringing) as it insults the person's parents directly.

In English, we use two different words: 'upbringing' and 'tutor'. In Chinese, they are the same word because they both happen at home.

The 'Yan Family Instructions' (颜氏家训) Confucius' teachings on family Modern 'Tiger Mom' narratives

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Hiring a tutor

多少钱一小时？
有经验吗？
教什么科目？
每周几次？

Complimenting someone

你家教真好。
令尊令堂教导有方。
很有礼貌。
受过好教育。

Complaining about someone

没家教。
没人管。
没礼貌。
太放肆了。

University life

做兼职。
赚学费。
教初中生。
辅导功课。

Parenting discussion

严格要求。
重视成长。
以身作则。
家庭环境。

Amorces de conversation

"你大学的时候当过家教吗？"

"你觉得现在的孩子家教怎么样？"

"如果你有孩子，你会请家教吗？"

"在你的国家，请家教贵吗？"

"你认为家教严一点好还是松一点好？"

Sujets d'écriture

描述一下你小时候受到的家教。你的父母对你严格吗？

你认为‘家教’（upbringing）对一个人的性格有什么影响？

写一段话，描述你理想中的家教老师是什么样的。

讨论一下在中国为什么‘家教’（tutoring）市场如此火爆。

你曾经遇到过‘没家教’的人吗？发生了什么？

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, '家教' is a noun. To say 'to tutor', you must use '当家教' (be a tutor) or '做家教' (do tutoring).

Yes, it is very offensive. It implies that the person's parents did not raise them correctly. Use it only in extreme anger or when describing a very rude person to a third party.

'家教' is the common, everyday term. '家庭教师' is the formal, full name of the profession. They mean the same thing when referring to a person.

Yes, you can say '网课家教' or '线上家教'.

You say '我有数学家教'.

No, it only means manners when used with verbs like '有' (have) or '受' (receive). With '请' (hire), it means a tutor.

Use '位' (wèi) for respect or '个' (gè) for casual conversation.

Yes, in China, university students are the most common group of people who '当家教'.

Yes, '家教' is the education provided by parents, and '教养' is the manners the child shows as a result.

You can say '你很有家教' or '你的家教真好'.

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