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Everything you think you know about addiction is wrong | Johann Hari | TED
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One of my earliest memories
is of trying to wake up one of my relatives and not being able to.
And I was just a little kid, so I didn't really understand why,
but as I got older,
I realized we had drug addiction in my family,
including later cocaine addiction.
I'd been thinking about it a lot lately, partly because it's now exactly 100 years
since drugs were first banned in the United States and Britain,
and we then imposed that on the rest of the world.
It's a century since we made this really fateful decision
to take addicts and punish them and make them suffer,
because we believed that would deter them; it would give them an incentive to stop.
And a few years ago, I was looking at some of the addicts in my life who I love,
and trying to figure out if there was some way to help them.
And I realized there were loads of incredibly basic questions
I just didn't know the answer to,
like, what really causes addiction?
Why do we carry on with this approach that doesn't seem to be working,
and is there a better way out there that we could try instead?
So I read loads of stuff about it,
and I couldn't really find the answers I was looking for,
so I thought, okay, I'll go and sit with different people around the world
who lived this and studied this
and talk to them and see if I could learn from them.
And I didn't realize I would end up going over 30,000 miles at the start,
but I ended up going and meeting loads of different people,
from a transgender crack dealer in Brownsville, Brooklyn,
to a scientist who spends a lot of time feeding hallucinogens to mongooses
to see if they like them --
it turns out they do, but only in very specific circumstances --
to the only country that's ever decriminalized all drugs,
from cannabis to crack, Portugal.
And the thing I realized that really blew my mind is,
almost everything we think we know about addiction is wrong,
and if we start to absorb the new evidence about addiction,
I think we're going to have to change a lot more than our drug policies.
But let's start with what we think we know, what I thought I knew.
Let's think about this middle row here.
Imagine all of you, for 20 days now, went off and used heroin three times a day.
Some of you look a little more enthusiastic than others at this prospect.
(Laughter)
Don't worry, it's just a thought experiment.
Imagine you did that, right?
What would happen?
Now, we have a story about what would happen that we've been told for a century.
We think, because there are chemical hooks in heroin,
as you took it for a while,
your body would become dependent on those hooks,
you'd start to physically need them,
and at the end of those 20 days, you'd all be heroin addicts. Right?
That's what I thought.
First thing that alerted me to the fact that something's not right with this story
is when it was explained to me.
If I step out of this TED Talk today and I get hit by a car and I break my hip,
I'll be taken to hospital and I'll be given loads of diamorphine.
Diamorphine is heroin.
It's actually much better heroin than you're going to buy on the streets,
because the stuff you buy from a drug dealer is contaminated.
Actually, very little of it is heroin,
whereas the stuff you get from the doctor is medically pure.
And you'll be given it for quite a long period of time.
There are loads of people in this room,
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