A1 · शुरुआती चैप्टर 1

Starting with the Basics

5 कुल नियम

58 उदाहरण

5 मिनट

इस अध्याय के नियम त्वरित अभ्यास

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the essential building blocks to start speaking English with confidence and clarity today.

Identify the correct forms of 'to be' and 'have'.
Describe existence using 'there is' and 'there are'.
Apply subject-verb agreement rules to build accurate sentences.

Unlock the power to speak your first English sentences.

तुम क्या सीखोगे

Ready to take your first exciting steps in English? Here, we'll learn to confidently make sentences that feel just right, like saying 'I am' or talking about what 'there is'. Soon, you'll be building clear, basic sentences all on your own!

क्रिया 'होना' (am, is, are)
तुम 'am', 'is', 'are' को अच्छे से सीख लो, और तुम सब कुछ बताने के लिए मज़ेदार अंग्रेजी वाक्य बना पाओगे!
वहाँ है / वहाँ हैं (There is / There are)
'There is/are' का इस्तेमाल यह बताने के लिए होता है कि कोई चीज़ मौजूद है या कहीं रखी है। क्रिया को संज्ञा से मिलाना ज़रूरी है। ये तुम्हारे तीन «जादुई शब्द» हैं: «मौजूदगी», «जगह», «संख्या मिलाना»।
विषय और क्रिया का मिलान: 'एस' नियम (विषय-क्रिया समझौता)
Always add an '-s' to verbs when the subject is 'he,' 'she,' 'it,' or a singular noun.
क्रिया 'have': वर्तमान सरल रूप (I have / He has)
Master 'have' and 'has' by remembering 'he, she, it' always take 'has' for possession and description.
'It' और 'There' का प्रयोग (समय, मौसम और अस्तित्व)
मौसम/समय के लिए it और किसी चीज़ की «मौजूदगी» बताने के लिए there का इस्तेमाल सीखकर तुम इंग्लिश में बहुत «स्वाभाविक» लगोगे.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

1
By the end you will be able to: Construct simple sentences describing your identity, environment, and possessions.

अध्याय गाइड

Overview

Imagine unlocking the very first doors to speaking English! This guide is your friendly helper, designed to get you comfortable with the absolute basics so you can start communicating right away. Mastering these fundamental building blocks is super important for anyone starting with the basics in English for beginners.

We’re talking about learning how to introduce yourself, describe simple things around you, and even talk about what's happening now. It’s like learning your ABCs before writing a story!

In this chapter, we'll dive into the magic of the verb 'to be' (that's am, is, are), which helps us describe who we are, where we are, and how we feel. We'll also explore how to say something exists using 'there is' and 'there are', and get super clear on how words like have change for different people. Plus, we’ll learn the clever ways English uses words like 'it' and 'there' for everyday talk about time and weather.

By the end, you'll feel confident as you learn English A1 grammar and build clear, simple sentences all on your own. Let's make English fun and easy!

How This Grammar Works

At the heart of simple English sentences are a few key patterns that help us describe the world. First up is the verb 'to be', which is essential for identity, location, and feelings. For example, I am happy, You are a student, She is in London.

Notice how 'to be' changes: am with I, is with he/she/it, and are with you/we/they. This is a core part of matching subjects and verbs, making sure your sentences sound correct.

Next, when we want to say that something exists, or that it's in a certain place, we use 'there is' for one thing and 'there are' for many things. So, you might say, There is a book on the table (one book), or There are two pens here (many pens). This is another example of subject-verb agreement in action, where the verb (is or are) matches the noun that follows (a book or two pens).

The verb 'have' is also crucial for possession. Like 'to be', it changes based on the subject. Most of the time, we use have (e.g., I have a car, We have a meeting).

But there's a special rule for he, she, and it: they use 'has'. For example, He has a new phone, She has a great idea. This s ending for he/she/it is a common pattern in present simple verbs in English, often called the 'S' Rule.

Finally, we use 'it' and 'there' in specific ways. 'It' is often used for general conditions like time and weather: It is sunny, It is 3 o'clock. And 'there' is used to introduce the existence of something, as we saw with 'there is/are': There are many people here.

These simple structures are your toolkit for forming countless basic English sentences.

Common Mistakes

1Mixing up 'is' and 'are' with 'there'

✗ There are a big problem.

✓ There is a big problem.

Explanation: Remember, the verb (is or are) should agree with the noun *after* 'there'. 'A big problem' is singular, so it needs is.

1Forgetting the 's' with 'have' for 'he/she/it'

✗ She have a cat.

✓ She has a cat.

Explanation: For he, she, and it, the verb 'have' changes to has in the present simple. This is a very common S rule to learn!

1Incorrectly using 'it' for existence instead of 'there'

✗ It is a nice park in the city.

✓ There is a nice park in the city.

Explanation: Use it for general statements about weather, time, or opinions (It is cold, It is good). Use there to introduce the existence or presence of something.

Real Conversations

At the Café

Hello! There is a table free by the window.

Oh, great! Is it for two people?

Yes, it is.

Perfect! Thank you.

Meeting a New Friend

Hi, I am Anna. Nice to meet you.

Hi Anna, I am Tom. You are from Spain, right?

Yes, I am. And you are from England?

That's right! I have a brother here.

In the Office

Good morning! Is it 9 o'clock already?

Almost! There are many emails today.

Oh, I see! He has a lot of work too.

Quick FAQ

How do I know when to use am, is, or are in English?

You use am with I (I am). You use is with he, she, and it (He is, She is, It is). You use are with you, we, and they (You are, We are, They are). It's all about matching the right form of 'to be' to the person or thing you're talking about!

What's the main difference between there is and it is?

There is tells you that something exists or is located somewhere (There is a coffee shop nearby). It is tells you about the condition, time, or characteristic of something already known or generally understood (It is cold today, It is my favorite color).

Why does have change to has sometimes?

In English, for present simple sentences, the verb 'have' changes to 'has' only when the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it' (or a singular noun that represents them, like 'my friend' or 'the dog'). For all other subjects (I, you, we, they), it stays have.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these basic patterns constantly, often shortening them in casual speech. For example, I am becomes I'm, there is becomes there's, and it is becomes it's. This informal contraction is very common and makes speech flow faster.

While grammatically simple, these structures are the foundation of almost every conversation, from formal meetings to chatting with friends.

मुख्य उदाहरण (8)

I am a new student at SubLearn.

मैं सुबलर्न में एक नया छात्र हूँ।

क्रिया 'होना' (am, is, are)

She is very tall for her age.

वह अपनी उम्र के हिसाब से बहुत लंबी है।

क्रिया 'होना' (am, is, are)

There's a notification on your phone.

तुम्हारे फ़ोन पर एक नोटिफिकेशन है।

वहाँ है / वहाँ हैं (There is / There are)

There are five people in this Zoom meeting.

इस ज़ूम मीटिंग में पाँच लोग हैं।

वहाँ है / वहाँ हैं (There is / There are)

I **drink** water every morning.

Yo bebo agua todas las mañanas.

विषय और क्रिया का मिलान: 'एस' नियम (विषय-क्रिया समझौता)

He **plays** video games after work.

Él juega videojuegos después del trabajo.

विषय और क्रिया का मिलान: 'एस' नियम (विषय-क्रिया समझौता)

I have a lot of homework tonight.

Tengo mucha tarea esta noche.

क्रिया 'have': वर्तमान सरल रूप (I have / He has)

She has a beautiful voice for singing.

Ella tiene una voz hermosa para cantar.

क्रिया 'have': वर्तमान सरल रूप (I have / He has)

टिप्स और ट्रिक्स (4)

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सर्वनाम के साथ अभ्यास करो

हमेशा पहले यह देखो कि कर्ता सर्वनाम क्या है (मैं, तुम, वह लड़का, वह लड़की, यह, हम, वे). इससे तुम्हें तुरंत पता चल जाएगा कि 'am', 'is' या 'are' में से क्या इस्तेमाल करना है. "Always think about the subject pronoun (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) first. This will instantly tell you whether to use 'am,' 'is,' or 'are'."

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: क्रिया 'होना' (am, is, are)

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'It Is' की चाल

कभी यह मत कहो कि 'It is a cat in the garden' अगर तुम कहना चाहते हो कि 'एक बिल्ली है'। 'It is' का इस्तेमाल सिर्फ़ वर्णन (It is black) या मौसम (It is raining) के लिए करो। It is black.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: वहाँ है / वहाँ हैं (There is / There are)

💡

The 'Does' Magnet

Always remember that 'Does' is like a magnet. It pulls the 's' away from the main verb. If you see 'does' or 'doesn't', the main verb must be 'naked' (no 's').

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: विषय और क्रिया का मिलान: 'एस' नियम (विषय-क्रिया समझौता)

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Check the subject

Always look at the subject before choosing have or has.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: क्रिया 'have': वर्तमान सरल रूप (I have / He has)

मुख्य शब्दावली (6)

I first-person singular is singular state of being have possession there place/existence marker it impersonal subject sun celestial object/weather

Real-World Preview

message-circle

Meeting a New Friend

Review Summary

Subject + am/is/are + complement
There + is/are + noun
Subject (3rd person) + Verb+s
Subject + have/has + object
It + is + adjective

सामान्य गलतियाँ

The verb 'to be' changes based on the subject. 'I' always pairs with 'am'.

Wrong: I is a student.

सही: I am a student.

When the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it', use 'has' instead of 'have'.

Wrong: She have a car.

सही: She has a car.

Use 'is' for single items and 'are' for multiple items.

Wrong: There are a pen.

सही: There is a pen.

इस अध्याय के नियम (5)

Next Steps

You've built a solid foundation. Keep that momentum going into Chapter 2!

Describe your room out loud using 'There is' and 'I have'.

Continue to: Present Tenses

त्वरित अभ्यास (10)

'it' या 'there' का सही रूप चुनें।

___ is raining outside.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It

मौसम से जुड़े भावों, जैसे 'raining' के लिए 'It' का उपयोग किया जाता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'It' और 'There' का प्रयोग (समय, मौसम और अस्तित्व)

Choose the correct form.

She ___ a cat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: has

She is third person singular.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: क्रिया 'have': वर्तमान सरल रूप (I have / He has)

होटल के बारे में पूछते समय कौन सा सही लगता है?

You call a hotel and ask:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Are there any rooms available?

'Rooms' बहुवचन है → 'are there'। प्रश्न बनाने के लिए क्रम को पलटो। यात्रा के लिए बहुत उपयोगी!

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: वहाँ है / वहाँ हैं (There is / There are)

Which sentence is correct?

Select the grammatically correct question.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Does she have a car?

In questions, 'does' is used and 'have' returns to base form.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: विषय और क्रिया का मिलान: 'एस' नियम (विषय-क्रिया समझौता)

तुम अपने नए अपार्टमेंट का वर्णन एक दोस्त को कर रहे हो।

There ___ a huge balcony with a city view!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is

'A huge balcony' एकवचन है, इसलिए हम 'there is' का उपयोग करते हैं। जगहों का वर्णन करने के लिए एकदम सही!

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: वहाँ है / वहाँ हैं (There is / There are)

Choose the correct verb form for the sentence.

My brother ___ in London.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: lives

'My brother' is 'He', so we add 's' to 'live'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: विषय और क्रिया का मिलान: 'एस' नियम (विषय-क्रिया समझौता)

एक पर्यटक को दिशा-निर्देश देते हुए।

There ___ a great coffee shop right around the corner.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is

'A great coffee shop' एकवचन है → 'there is'। जगहों की सिफारिश करते समय तुम इसे हमेशा कहोगे!

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: वहाँ है / वहाँ हैं (There is / There are)

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

He doesn't has a car.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He doesn't have a car.

Use base form after 'doesn't'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: क्रिया 'have': वर्तमान सरल रूप (I have / He has)

गलती ढूंढो और उसे ठीक करो।

Find and fix the mistake:

There is two students in the classroom.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There are two students in the classroom.

क्रिया 'are' को बहुवचन संज्ञा 'students' के साथ मिलना चाहिए।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'It' और 'There' का प्रयोग (समय, मौसम और अस्तित्व)

Correct the verb: 'The baby crys a lot.'

Find and fix the mistake:

The baby crys a lot.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: cries

Consonant + y changes to -ies.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: विषय और क्रिया का मिलान: 'एस' नियम (विषय-क्रिया समझौता)

Score: /10

सामान्य प्रश्न (6)

'to be' क्रिया मुख्य रूप से किसी कर्ता की पहचान बताती है, उसकी विशेषताओं, भावनाओं या स्थान का वर्णन करती है. यह कर्ता को उसके बारे में अधिक जानकारी से जोड़ती है, जैसे 'I am happy' या 'She is a doctor' में.

'to be' एक अनियमित क्रिया है, जिसका अर्थ है कि यह conjugations के लिए एक सरल पैटर्न का पालन नहीं करती है. इसके विभिन्न रूप (am, is, are) विभिन्न कर्ताओं (I, he/she/it, you/we/they) के साथ सहमत होने के लिए आवश्यक हैं.

अंतर मात्रा का है। 'There is' का उपयोग एक व्यक्ति या चीज़ (एकवचन) के लिए करें और 'There are' का उपयोग दो या अधिक (बहुवचन) के लिए करें। उदाहरण:

There is a cookie

बनाम

There are three cookies

तकनीकी रूप से, नहीं। अंग्रेज़ी के टेस्ट में, इसे गलत माना जाएगा। हालाँकि, अनौपचारिक बातचीत में, कई मूल वक्ता 'There's' का उपयोग बहुवचनों के लिए करते हैं क्योंकि यह कहना आसान होता है।

It's a historical leftover from Old English. Most other person-endings disappeared over time, but the third-person singular 's' survived. It helps distinguish the subject in a sentence.

No. Even if 'they' refers to a single person (singular they), it always takes the plural verb form: They work here, not They works here.