A1 · 初級 チャプター 1

Starting with the Basics

5 トータルルール
58 例文
5 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the essential building blocks to start speaking English with confidence and clarity today.

  • Identify the correct forms of 'to be' and 'have'.
  • Describe existence using 'there is' and 'there are'.
  • Apply subject-verb agreement rules to build accurate sentences.
Unlock the power to speak your first English sentences.

学べること

Ready to take your first exciting steps in English? Here, we'll learn to confidently make sentences that feel just right, like saying 'I am' or talking about what 'there is'. Soon, you'll be building clear, basic sentences all on your own!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Construct simple sentences describing your identity, environment, and possessions.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Imagine unlocking the very first doors to speaking English! This guide is your friendly helper, designed to get you comfortable with the absolute basics so you can start communicating right away. Mastering these fundamental building blocks is super important for anyone starting with the basics in English for beginners.
We’re talking about learning how to introduce yourself, describe simple things around you, and even talk about what's happening now. It’s like learning your ABCs before writing a story!
In this chapter, we'll dive into the magic of the verb 'to be' (that's am, is, are), which helps us describe who we are, where we are, and how we feel. We'll also explore how to say something exists using 'there is' and 'there are', and get super clear on how words like have change for different people. Plus, we’ll learn the clever ways English uses words like 'it' and 'there' for everyday talk about time and weather.
By the end, you'll feel confident as you learn English A1 grammar and build clear, simple sentences all on your own. Let's make English fun and easy!

How This Grammar Works

At the heart of simple English sentences are a few key patterns that help us describe the world. First up is the verb 'to be', which is essential for identity, location, and feelings. For example, I am happy, You are a student, She is in London.
Notice how 'to be' changes: am with I, is with he/she/it, and are with you/we/they. This is a core part of matching subjects and verbs, making sure your sentences sound correct.
Next, when we want to say that something exists, or that it's in a certain place, we use 'there is' for one thing and 'there are' for many things. So, you might say, There is a book on the table (one book), or There are two pens here (many pens). This is another example of subject-verb agreement in action, where the verb (is or are) matches the noun that follows (a book or two pens).
The verb 'have' is also crucial for possession. Like 'to be', it changes based on the subject. Most of the time, we use have (e.g., I have a car, We have a meeting).
But there's a special rule for he, she, and it: they use 'has'. For example, He has a new phone, She has a great idea. This s ending for he/she/it is a common pattern in present simple verbs in English, often called the 'S' Rule.
Finally, we use 'it' and 'there' in specific ways. 'It' is often used for general conditions like time and weather: It is sunny, It is 3 o'clock. And 'there' is used to introduce the existence of something, as we saw with 'there is/are': There are many people here.
These simple structures are your toolkit for forming countless basic English sentences.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Mixing up 'is' and 'are' with 'there'
✗ There are a big problem.
✓ There is a big problem.
Explanation: Remember, the verb (is or are) should agree with the noun *after* 'there'. 'A big problem' is singular, so it needs is.
  1. 1Forgetting the 's' with 'have' for 'he/she/it'
✗ She have a cat.
✓ She has a cat.
Explanation: For he, she, and it, the verb 'have' changes to has in the present simple. This is a very common S rule to learn!
  1. 1Incorrectly using 'it' for existence instead of 'there'
✗ It is a nice park in the city.
✓ There is a nice park in the city.
Explanation: Use it for general statements about weather, time, or opinions (It is cold, It is good). Use there to introduce the existence or presence of something.

Real Conversations

At the Café

A

A

Hello! There is a table free by the window.
B

B

Oh, great! Is it for two people?
A

A

Yes, it is.
B

B

Perfect! Thank you.

Meeting a New Friend

A

A

Hi, I am Anna. Nice to meet you.
B

B

Hi Anna, I am Tom. You are from Spain, right?
A

A

Yes, I am. And you are from England?
B

B

That's right! I have a brother here.

In the Office

A

A

Good morning! Is it 9 o'clock already?
B

B

Almost! There are many emails today.
A

A

Oh, I see! He has a lot of work too.

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I know when to use am, is, or are in English?

You use am with I (I am). You use is with he, she, and it (He is, She is, It is). You use are with you, we, and they (You are, We are, They are). It's all about matching the right form of 'to be' to the person or thing you're talking about!

Q

What's the main difference between there is and it is?

There is tells you that something exists or is located somewhere (There is a coffee shop nearby). It is tells you about the condition, time, or characteristic of something already known or generally understood (It is cold today, It is my favorite color).

Q

Why does have change to has sometimes?

In English, for present simple sentences, the verb 'have' changes to 'has' only when the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it' (or a singular noun that represents them, like 'my friend' or 'the dog'). For all other subjects (I, you, we, they), it stays have.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these basic patterns constantly, often shortening them in casual speech. For example, I am becomes I'm, there is becomes there's, and it is becomes it's. This informal contraction is very common and makes speech flow faster.
While grammatically simple, these structures are the foundation of almost every conversation, from formal meetings to chatting with friends.

重要な例文 (8)

1

I am a new student at SubLearn.

私はSubLearnの新しい生徒です。

動詞 'be' (am, is, are)
2

She is very tall for her age.

彼女は年齢のわりにとても背が高いです。

動詞 'be' (am, is, are)
3

There's a notification on your phone.

スマホに通知が来ています。

〜がある・いる (There is / There are)
4

There are five people in this Zoom meeting.

このZoom会議には5人います。

〜がある・いる (There is / There are)
5

I **drink** water every morning.

Yo bebo agua todas las mañanas.

主語と動詞の一致: 'S'ルール (主語-動詞の一致)
6

He **plays** video games after work.

Él juega videojuegos después del trabajo.

主語と動詞の一致: 'S'ルール (主語-動詞の一致)
7

I have a lot of homework tonight.

今夜はたくさんの宿題があります。

動詞 'have': 現在形 (I have / He has)
8

She has a beautiful voice for singing.

彼女は歌うための美しい声を持っています。

動詞 'have': 現在形 (I have / He has)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

主語とセットで練習しよう！

主語（I, you, he, she, it, we, they）を最初に考えると、「am」「is」「are」のどれを使うかすぐに分かりますよ。"Always think about the subject pronoun (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) first. This will instantly tell you whether to use 'am,' 'is,' or 'are'."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動詞 'be' (am, is, are)
⚠️

「It is」の落とし穴

庭に猫がいることを言いたいときに、「It is a cat in the garden」とは言いません。「It is」は説明（It is black.）や天気（It is raining.）にだけ使います。存在を示すときは「There is」を使いましょう！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜がある・いる (There is / There are)
💡

The 'Does' Magnet

Always remember that 'Does' is like a magnet. It pulls the 's' away from the main verb. If you see 'does' or 'doesn't', the main verb must be 'naked' (no 's').
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 主語と動詞の一致: 'S'ルール (主語-動詞の一致)
💡

主語と動詞の一致

主語をいつもチェックしてね！「I」「you」「we」「they」（または複数の名詞）なら「have」だよ。もし「he」「she」「it」（または単数の名詞）なら「has」を使うんだ。これが「have」を使うときのゴールデンルールだよ！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動詞 'have': 現在形 (I have / He has)

重要な語彙 (6)

I first-person singular is singular state of being have possession there place/existence marker it impersonal subject sun celestial object/weather

Real-World Preview

message-circle

Meeting a New Friend

Review Summary

  • Subject + am/is/are + complement
  • There + is/are + noun
  • Subject (3rd person) + Verb+s
  • Subject + have/has + object
  • It + is + adjective

よくある間違い

The verb 'to be' changes based on the subject. 'I' always pairs with 'am'.

Wrong: I is a student.
正解: I am a student.

When the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it', use 'has' instead of 'have'.

Wrong: She have a car.
正解: She has a car.

Use 'is' for single items and 'are' for multiple items.

Wrong: There are a pen.
正解: There is a pen.

Next Steps

You've built a solid foundation. Keep that momentum going into Chapter 2!

Describe your room out loud using 'There is' and 'I have'.

Continue to: Present Tenses

クイック練習 (10)

それぞれの主語と正しい動詞の形を合わせてね。

Match the subjects with the correct form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
覚えておいてね：「I」「You」「We」「They」は「have」を使うよ。「He」「She」「It」は「has」を使うんだ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動詞 'have': 現在形 (I have / He has)

あなたの故郷について話しています:

Talking about your hometown:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There are many parks in my city.
「Many parks」（たくさんの公園）は複数形 → 「there are」です。このパターンでどんな場所でも説明できますよ！

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜がある・いる (There is / There are)

Correct the verb: 'The baby crys a lot.'

Find and fix the mistake:

The baby crys a lot.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: cries
Consonant + y changes to -ies.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 主語と動詞の一致: 'S'ルール (主語-動詞の一致)

「it」または「there」の正しい形を選んでください。

___ is raining outside.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It
「raining」のような天気の表現には「It」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'It' と 'There' の使い方（時間、天気、存在）

正しい英語の文章をタイプしてね。

Translate into English: 'Ella tiene un perro pequeño.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She has a small dog.
「Ella」は「She」で、三人称単数だから「has」を使うよ。「Un perro pequeño」は「a small dog」だね。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動詞 'have': 現在形 (I have / He has)

正しい「have」の形を選んでね。

My best friend ___ a fantastic sense of humor.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: has
「My best friend」は単数の主語（彼/彼女）だから、「has」の形を使うんだ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動詞 'have': 現在形 (I have / He has)

レストランのレビューをチェックしています

There ___ only two vegetarian options on the menu.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: are
「Two vegetarian options」（2つのベジタリアン料理）は複数なので、「there are」が必要です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜がある・いる (There is / There are)

文章の中の間違いを見つけて直してね。

We has a big exam next Monday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: We have a big exam next Monday.
「We」は複数の主語だから、正しい形は「has」ではなく「have」だよ。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 動詞 'have': 現在形 (I have / He has)

大家さんへのメッセージを修正してください

Find and fix the mistake:

Hi, there is some problems with the heating in my apartment.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There are some problems with the heating.
「Some problems」（いくつかの問題）は複数形 → 「there are」を使います。メールや苦情でよく使われます！

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜がある・いる (There is / There are)

ホテルについて尋ねるとき、どれが正しいですか？

You call a hotel and ask:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Are there any rooms available?
「Rooms」は複数形 → 「are there」です。語順を入れ替えて疑問文にします。旅行でとても役立ちますよ！

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜がある・いる (There is / There are)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

「to be」動詞は、誰かや何かが「何であるか」「どんな状態か」「どこにいるか」を説明します。「I am happy」や「She is a doctor」のように、主語に情報を加える役割です。I am happy
「to be」は不規則動詞なので、活用が単純なパターンに従いません。主語（I、he/she/it、you/we/they）に合わせて、これらの異なる形（am, is, are）が必要になるんです。
違いは数です。「There is」は一人または一つのもの（単数）に使い、「There are」は二つ以上のもの（複数）に使います。例:
There is a cookie
と
There are three cookies
。
厳密には、だめです。英語のテストでは間違いになります。しかし、カジュアルな会話では、多くのネイティブスピーカーは言いやすいので複数形でも「There's」を使います。
It's a historical leftover from Old English. Most other person-endings disappeared over time, but the third-person singular 's' survived. It helps distinguish the subject in a sentence.
No. Even if 'they' refers to a single person (singular they), it always takes the plural verb form: They work here, not They works here.
次のチャプター
Present Tenses
ロードマップに戻る