A1 · 초급 챕터 1

Starting with the Basics

5 총 규칙
58 예문
5 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the essential building blocks to start speaking English with confidence and clarity today.

  • Identify the correct forms of 'to be' and 'have'.
  • Describe existence using 'there is' and 'there are'.
  • Apply subject-verb agreement rules to build accurate sentences.
Unlock the power to speak your first English sentences.

배울 내용

Ready to take your first exciting steps in English? Here, we'll learn to confidently make sentences that feel just right, like saying 'I am' or talking about what 'there is'. Soon, you'll be building clear, basic sentences all on your own!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Construct simple sentences describing your identity, environment, and possessions.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Imagine unlocking the very first doors to speaking English! This guide is your friendly helper, designed to get you comfortable with the absolute basics so you can start communicating right away. Mastering these fundamental building blocks is super important for anyone starting with the basics in English for beginners.
We’re talking about learning how to introduce yourself, describe simple things around you, and even talk about what's happening now. It’s like learning your ABCs before writing a story!
In this chapter, we'll dive into the magic of the verb 'to be' (that's am, is, are), which helps us describe who we are, where we are, and how we feel. We'll also explore how to say something exists using 'there is' and 'there are', and get super clear on how words like have change for different people. Plus, we’ll learn the clever ways English uses words like 'it' and 'there' for everyday talk about time and weather.
By the end, you'll feel confident as you learn English A1 grammar and build clear, simple sentences all on your own. Let's make English fun and easy!

How This Grammar Works

At the heart of simple English sentences are a few key patterns that help us describe the world. First up is the verb 'to be', which is essential for identity, location, and feelings. For example, I am happy, You are a student, She is in London.
Notice how 'to be' changes: am with I, is with he/she/it, and are with you/we/they. This is a core part of matching subjects and verbs, making sure your sentences sound correct.
Next, when we want to say that something exists, or that it's in a certain place, we use 'there is' for one thing and 'there are' for many things. So, you might say, There is a book on the table (one book), or There are two pens here (many pens). This is another example of subject-verb agreement in action, where the verb (is or are) matches the noun that follows (a book or two pens).
The verb 'have' is also crucial for possession. Like 'to be', it changes based on the subject. Most of the time, we use have (e.g., I have a car, We have a meeting).
But there's a special rule for he, she, and it: they use 'has'. For example, He has a new phone, She has a great idea. This s ending for he/she/it is a common pattern in present simple verbs in English, often called the 'S' Rule.
Finally, we use 'it' and 'there' in specific ways. 'It' is often used for general conditions like time and weather: It is sunny, It is 3 o'clock. And 'there' is used to introduce the existence of something, as we saw with 'there is/are': There are many people here.
These simple structures are your toolkit for forming countless basic English sentences.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Mixing up 'is' and 'are' with 'there'
✗ There are a big problem.
✓ There is a big problem.
Explanation: Remember, the verb (is or are) should agree with the noun *after* 'there'. 'A big problem' is singular, so it needs is.
  1. 1Forgetting the 's' with 'have' for 'he/she/it'
✗ She have a cat.
✓ She has a cat.
Explanation: For he, she, and it, the verb 'have' changes to has in the present simple. This is a very common S rule to learn!
  1. 1Incorrectly using 'it' for existence instead of 'there'
✗ It is a nice park in the city.
✓ There is a nice park in the city.
Explanation: Use it for general statements about weather, time, or opinions (It is cold, It is good). Use there to introduce the existence or presence of something.

Real Conversations

At the Café

A

A

Hello! There is a table free by the window.
B

B

Oh, great! Is it for two people?
A

A

Yes, it is.
B

B

Perfect! Thank you.

Meeting a New Friend

A

A

Hi, I am Anna. Nice to meet you.
B

B

Hi Anna, I am Tom. You are from Spain, right?
A

A

Yes, I am. And you are from England?
B

B

That's right! I have a brother here.

In the Office

A

A

Good morning! Is it 9 o'clock already?
B

B

Almost! There are many emails today.
A

A

Oh, I see! He has a lot of work too.

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I know when to use am, is, or are in English?

You use am with I (I am). You use is with he, she, and it (He is, She is, It is). You use are with you, we, and they (You are, We are, They are). It's all about matching the right form of 'to be' to the person or thing you're talking about!

Q

What's the main difference between there is and it is?

There is tells you that something exists or is located somewhere (There is a coffee shop nearby). It is tells you about the condition, time, or characteristic of something already known or generally understood (It is cold today, It is my favorite color).

Q

Why does have change to has sometimes?

In English, for present simple sentences, the verb 'have' changes to 'has' only when the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it' (or a singular noun that represents them, like 'my friend' or 'the dog'). For all other subjects (I, you, we, they), it stays have.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these basic patterns constantly, often shortening them in casual speech. For example, I am becomes I'm, there is becomes there's, and it is becomes it's. This informal contraction is very common and makes speech flow faster.
While grammatically simple, these structures are the foundation of almost every conversation, from formal meetings to chatting with friends.

주요 예문 (8)

1

I am a new student at SubLearn.

저는 SubLearn의 새로운 학생입니다.

동사 'be' (am, is, are)
2

She is very tall for her age.

그녀는 나이에 비해 키가 정말 커요.

동사 'be' (am, is, are)
3

I **drink** water every morning.

저는 매일 아침 물을 마셔요.

주어와 동사 일치: 'S' 규칙 (주어-동사 수 일치)
4

He **plays** video games after work.

그는 퇴근 후에 비디오 게임을 해요.

주어와 동사 일치: 'S' 규칙 (주어-동사 수 일치)
5

I have a lot of homework tonight.

저는 오늘 밤 숙제가 많아요.

동사 'have': 현재 단순형 (I have / He has)
6

She has a beautiful voice for singing.

그녀는 노래할 때 목소리가 정말 아름다워요.

동사 'have': 현재 단순형 (I have / He has)
7

It is hot today.

오늘은 더워요.

'It'과 'There' 사용법 (시간, 날씨, 존재)
8

There is a cat on the sofa.

소파에 고양이 한 마리가 있어요.

'It'과 'There' 사용법 (시간, 날씨, 존재)

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

대명사와 함께 연습해요

문장의 주인공(I, you, he, she, it, we, they)이 누구인지 먼저 생각하면 'am', 'is', 'are' 중 어떤 걸 써야 할지 바로 알 수 있어요.
I am a teacher.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 동사 'be' (am, is, are)
⚠️

헷갈리지 마세요! 'It Is'와 'There Is'

'정원에 고양이가 한 마리 있어'라고 말하고 싶을 때 'It is a cat in the garden'이라고 하면 안 돼요. 'It is'는 묘사할 때 (It is black)나 날씨를 말할 때 (It is raining)만 사용해요. 'There is a cat in the garden.'
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜이/가 있다 (There is / There are)
💡

'S' 주어를 찾아보세요

문장의 주어가 'he', 'she', 'it' 또는 하나의 사람/사물인지 항상 확인해 보세요. 그렇다면 동사 끝에 '-s'가 필요할 거예요. He works hard.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 주어와 동사 일치: 'S' 규칙 (주어-동사 수 일치)
💡

주어랑 동사를 꼭 맞춰주세요!

문장의 주인공(주어)이 누구인지 항상 확인하세요! 'I', 'You', 'We', 'They' (또는 여러 개를 나타내는 명사)일 때는 'have'를 써요. 'He', 'She', 'It' (또는 하나를 나타내는 명사)일 때는 'has'를 쓰고요. 'have' 동사의 가장 중요한 규칙이랍니다!
I have a book, but she has a book.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 동사 'have': 현재 단순형 (I have / He has)

핵심 어휘 (6)

I first-person singular is singular state of being have possession there place/existence marker it impersonal subject sun celestial object/weather

Real-World Preview

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Meeting a New Friend

Review Summary

  • Subject + am/is/are + complement
  • There + is/are + noun
  • Subject (3rd person) + Verb+s
  • Subject + have/has + object
  • It + is + adjective

자주 하는 실수

The verb 'to be' changes based on the subject. 'I' always pairs with 'am'.

Wrong: I is a student.
정답: I am a student.

When the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it', use 'has' instead of 'have'.

Wrong: She have a car.
정답: She has a car.

Use 'is' for single items and 'are' for multiple items.

Wrong: There are a pen.
정답: There is a pen.

Next Steps

You've built a solid foundation. Keep that momentum going into Chapter 2!

Describe your room out loud using 'There is' and 'I have'.

Continue to: Present Tenses

빠른 연습 (10)

올바른 문장을 고르세요.

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She likes to watch movies.
'She'(3인칭 단수)의 경우, 동사 'like'는 올바르게 'likes'가 돼요. 'They'는 복수이므로 'like'가 되어야 하고, 'He'는 단수이므로 'likes'가 되어야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 주어와 동사 일치: 'S' 규칙 (주어-동사 수 일치)

어떤 문장이 도시를 올바르게 설명하나요?

고향에 대해 이야기할 때:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There are many parks in my city.
'Many parks'는 복수라서 → 'there are'. 어떤 장소를 묘사할 때 이 패턴을 사용해보세요!

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜이/가 있다 (There is / There are)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

We has a big exam next Monday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: We have a big exam next Monday.
'We'는 복수 주어라서 'has'가 아니라 'have'가 올바른 형태예요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 동사 'have': 현재 단순형 (I have / He has)

틀린 부분을 찾아서 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

There is two students in the classroom.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There are two students in the classroom.
학생들이 여러 명(복수)이니까 동사도 'are'가 맞아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'It'과 'There' 사용법 (시간, 날씨, 존재)

틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

You is very kind.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: You are very kind.
주어 'You'는 단수든 복수든 항상 'are'를 사용해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 동사 'be' (am, is, are)

어떤 문장이 맞을까요?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It is 5 PM.
'It'은 시간을 말할 때 써요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 'It'과 'There' 사용법 (시간, 날씨, 존재)

틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

My cat sleep all day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My cat sleeps all day.
주어 'My cat'은 단수(it)이므로, 동사 'sleep'에 '-s'를 붙여 'sleeps'가 되어야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 주어와 동사 일치: 'S' 규칙 (주어-동사 수 일치)

올바른 'have' 형태를 고르세요.

My best friend ___ a fantastic sense of humor.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: has
'My best friend'는 단수 주어(he/she)라서 'has' 형태를 써요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 동사 'have': 현재 단순형 (I have / He has)

집주인에게 보내는 메시지를 고쳐보세요.

Hi, there is some problems with the heating in my apartment.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There are some problems with the heating.
'Some problems'는 복수라서 → 'there are'를 사용해요. 이메일이나 불평할 때 흔히 쓰여요!

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜이/가 있다 (There is / There are)

친구에게 새 아파트를 설명하고 있어요.

There ___ a huge balcony with a city view!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is
'A huge balcony'는 단수라서 'there is'를 사용해요. 장소를 묘사할 때 딱이죠!

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 〜이/가 있다 (There is / There are)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

'be' 동사는 주로 주어의 신분, 특징, 감정 상태를 설명하거나 위치를 나타낼 때 써요. 'I am happy'나 'She is a doctor'처럼 주어에 대한 정보를 연결해주는 역할을 한답니다.
'be' 동사는 불규칙 동사라서 규칙적인 변화를 따르지 않아요. 주어(I, he/she/it, you/we/they)에 맞춰서 'am', 'is', 'are'처럼 다른 형태로 변신하는 건 꼭 필요해요.
차이점은 수량이에요. 한 명 또는 한 개 (단수)일 때는 'There is'를 사용하고, 두 개 이상 (복수)일 때는 'There are'를 사용해요. 예를 들어:
There is a cookie
vs
There are three cookies
.
문법적으로는 안 돼요. 영어 시험에서는 틀린 답으로 채점될 거예요. 하지만 비격식적인 대화에서는 많은 원어민이 말하기 편해서 복수에도 'There's'를 사용하기도 해요.
주어-동사 일치는 문장의 동사가 주어에 맞게 변하는 것을 말해요. 예를 들어, 주어가 하나면 동사 형태가 달라지고, 여러 개면 또 달라져요. 마치 춤추는 짝꿍처럼 항상 잘 맞아야 한답니다! He walks.
현재 시제에서 주어가 'he', 'she', 'it' 또는 다른 단수 명사일 때 동사에 '-s'를 붙이는 것이 가장 눈에 띄는 변화이기 때문이에요. 이 중요한 규칙을 쉽게 부르는 별명이죠! She works.
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Present Tenses
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