Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
In the Present Simple, always add an 's' to the verb when the subject is He, She, or It.
- Add -s for most verbs: 'He works' (max 20 words)
- Add -es for verbs ending in -ch, -sh, -x, -z, or -s: 'She watches'
- Change -y to -ies if a consonant comes before it: 'It flies'
Overview
My cat love sleeping 같은 캡션을 올렸다가 문법에 집착하는 친구에게 바로 DM을 받은 적 있나요? 우리 모두 그런 경험이 있죠. 주어-동사 일치(Subject-verb agreement)는 영어의 접착제와 같습니다.s가 추가로 필요합니다. 주어에게 친구가 있다면 동사는 그대로 편하게 있습니다.How This Grammar Works
he, she, it 그룹에 집중합니다.s를 요구하죠. 그 외의 I, you, we, they는 훨씬 더 여유롭고 동사 원형을 사용합니다.The dog bark라고 말하면 뇌에서 언어 팩을 아직 로딩 중인 것처럼 들립니다. The dog barks라고 말하면 전문가처럼 들리죠. 흥미롭게도 I와 you는 단수이지만 복수 규칙을 따릅니다.
Formation Pattern
I, you, he, she, it, we, they 인가요? 아니면 my phone 같은 명사인가요?
he, she, it 또는 단수 명사)에 'S' 규칙을 적용하세요.
-s를 붙입니다. 동사가 -ch, -sh, -x, -s로 끝나면 -es를 붙입니다(예: watches).
y로 끝나면 y를 i로 바꾸고 -es를 붙입니다(예: studies).
be, have, do는 제멋대로입니다. I am, He is, They are. She has, We have.
When To Use It
wake up, she wakes up), 사실을 말할 때(The sun rises), Netflix 시리즈에 댓글을 달 때(The main character dies 인 끝에 — 스포일러 주의!) 이 규칙이 필요합니다. 유능해 보이고 싶은 업무용 이메일에서는 필수적입니다.My experience match the job vs My experience matches the job. 후자가 면접 기회를 얻게 해줄 것이고, 전자는 정중한 거절을 받을지도 모릅니다. 썸타는 사람에게 문자할 때도 사용하세요.The enemy moves left라고 하는 것이 Enemy move left보다 훨씬 명확합니다.
Common Mistakes
s가 있는 것(예: dogs)을 보고 동사에도 s가 필요하다고 생각하곤 합니다. 아닙니다! 정반대입니다. 명사에 s가 있으면 동사에는 보통 s가 붙지 않습니다. The dogs bark(맞음), The dogs barks(틀림). 시소와 같습니다. 한쪽에만 s가 있을 수 있죠. 또 다른 전형적인 실수는 I와 you의 함정입니다. I는 한 사람이지만 절대 -s를 붙이지 않습니다. I likes pizza는 만화 캐릭터처럼 들립니다. I like pizza라고 하세요. 그다음 team이나 family 같은 '집합 명사' 고민이 있습니다. 미국 영어에서는 보통 하나의 단위로 취급합니다. 그래서 The team wins라고 합니다. '삽입 구문'도 잊지 마세요. The box of chocolates is on the table라고 할 때 주어는 chocolates가 아니라 box입니다.Contrast With Similar Patterns
I worked, she worked). 주어-동사 일치 문제는 주로 현재 시제의 파티입니다.-ing 형태)과 섞지 마세요. She is walking에서 일치는 walking 부분이 아니라 is 부분에서 일어납니다. She walking이라고 하지 않습니다.can이나 will 같은 '조동사'입니다. 이들은 반항아라서 주어가 누구든 절대 변하지 않습니다. He can swim이지 He cans swim이 아닙니다.There is a fly in my soup(파리 한 마리).Quick FAQ
everyone은 단수인가요 복수인가요?
단수입니다! 많은 사람처럼 들리지만 문법적으로는 하나의 그룹입니다. Everyone likes coffee라고 하세요.
and는 어떤가요?
and로 연결된 두 주어가 있으면 복수가 됩니다. Tom and Jerry run fast.
My family is인가요 My family are인가요?
미국에서는 is를 쓰고, 영국에서는 종종 are를 씁니다.
왜 you는 항상 복수 동사를 쓰나요?
고대 영어에서 you는 집단에게만 쓰였기 때문입니다. 나중에 한 사람에게도 쓰게 되었지만 복수 형태는 그대로 유지되었습니다.
's' 규칙이 was와 were에도 적용되나요?
네! I was, He was이지만 They were입니다.
2. Negative Contractions (Third Person)
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
He does not
|
He doesn't
|
Most common in speech
|
|
She does not
|
She doesn't
|
Most common in speech
|
|
It does not
|
It doesn't
|
Most common in speech
|
Present Simple Conjugation: 'To Work'
| Subject | Verb Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
I
|
Base Form
|
I work
|
|
You
|
Base Form
|
You work
|
|
He
|
Base + S
|
He works
|
|
She
|
Base + S
|
She works
|
|
It
|
Base + S
|
It works
|
|
We
|
Base Form
|
We work
|
|
They
|
Base Form
|
They work
|
Meanings
The rule requiring the addition of a suffix (-s, -es, or -ies) to a base verb when the subject is in the third-person singular (He, She, It, or a single name/object) in the present tense.
Standard Agreement
Adding a simple 's' to the majority of English verbs to match a singular subject.
“He plays the guitar every evening.”
“She lives in a small apartment.”
Phonetic Spelling Adjustment
Adding '-es' instead of '-s' when a verb ends in sounds that would be hard to pronounce with just an 's' (like 'sh' or 'ch').
“He washes his car on Sundays.”
“She teaches mathematics at the local school.”
Consonant-Y Transformation
Changing the 'y' to 'i' and adding 'es' when the verb ends in a consonant followed by 'y'.
“The baby cries when he is hungry.”
“She studies hard for her exams.”
Reference Table
| 주어 | 동사 형태 | 예문 |
|---|---|---|
|
I
|
walk
|
I walk to school.
|
|
You
|
walk
|
You walk fast.
|
|
He
|
walks
|
He walks his dog.
|
|
She
|
walks
|
She walks every day.
|
|
It
|
walks
|
It walks quietly.
|
|
We
|
walk
|
We walk home together.
|
|
They
|
walk
|
They walk in the park.
|
|
My cat (singular)
|
walks
|
My cat walks on the keyboard.
|
|
My cats (plural)
|
walk
|
My cats walk outside.
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
He serves as the Chief Executive Officer. (Professional introduction)
He works as a manager. (Professional introduction)
He's a manager. (Professional introduction)
He runs the show. (Professional introduction)
주어-동사 일치: 'S' 규칙
단수 주어
- 그(He) He walks.
- 그녀(She) She reads.
- 그것(It) It rains.
- 이름 (예: Tom) Tom works.
- 단수 명사 (예: The dog) The dog barks.
복수 주어
- 우리(We) We learn.
- 그들(They) They play.
- 복수 명사 (예: The students) The students study.
특별한 경우
- 나(I) I speak.
- 너(You) You understand.
- 'do/does'와 함께 쓰는 동사 Does he like?
동사 형태: 단수 주어 vs. 복수 주어
'S' 규칙 결정 흐름도
현재 시제 문장인가요?
주어가 'I' 또는 'You'인가요?
주어가 'He', 'She', 'It' 또는 단수 명사인가요? (예: 'The cat', 'John')
주어가 복수인가요? ('We', 'They' 또는 복수 명사, 예: 'The cats', 'Students')
주어와 동사 형태
'-s'가 붙는 동사 (3인칭 단수)
- • He likes
- • She works
- • It rains
- • My friend studies
- • The car drives
'-s'가 붙지 않는 동사 (다른 주어)
- • I like
- • You work
- • We rain
- • They study
- • The cars drive
수준별 예문
He drinks milk every morning.
Él bebe leche cada mañana.
She speaks English very well.
Ella habla inglés muy bien.
It rains a lot in London.
Llueve mucho en Londres.
My cat likes fish.
A mi gato le gusta el pescado.
He doesn't watch TV at night.
Él no ve la televisión por la noche.
Does she study at the library?
¿Estudia ella en la biblioteca?
The bus finishes its route here.
El autobús termina su ruta aquí.
He has a new smartphone.
Él tiene un teléfono inteligente nuevo.
Everyone knows that the earth goes around the sun.
Todo el mundo sabe que la tierra gira alrededor del sol.
Nobody wants to work on Saturdays.
Nadie quiere trabajar los sábados.
She tries to exercise at least three times a week.
Ella intenta hacer ejercicio al menos tres veces por semana.
The news starts at eight o'clock.
Las noticias empiezan a las ocho.
Neither of my brothers lives in this city.
Ninguno de mis hermanos vive en esta ciudad.
The government proposes a new tax on sugar.
El gobierno propone un nuevo impuesto al azúcar.
The data suggests that prices are rising.
Los datos sugieren que los precios están subiendo.
Does anyone know where the manager is?
¿Alguien sabe dónde está el gerente?
The complexity of the issues requires a detailed analysis.
La complejidad de los problemas requiere un análisis detallado.
Physics deals with the fundamental laws of nature.
La física trata con las leyes fundamentales de la naturaleza.
Every man and woman has the right to vote.
Cada hombre y mujer tiene el derecho a votar.
The jury reaches a verdict after hours of deliberation.
El jurado llega a un veredicto tras horas de deliberación.
The sheer number of variables involved complicates the process.
La gran cantidad de variables involucradas complica el proceso.
Politics is often described as the art of the possible.
La política se describe a menudo como el arte de lo posible.
If anyone calls, tell them I'm busy.
Si alguien llama, diles que estoy ocupado.
The United States maintains a strong presence in the region.
Estados Unidos mantiene una fuerte presencia en la región.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both use an 's' at the end, but for opposite reasons.
Learners often say 'He playing' instead of 'He plays' or 'He is playing'.
Learners want to keep the 's' when 'does' is present.
자주 하는 실수
He go to school.
He goes to school.
She like coffee.
She likes coffee.
It work well.
It works well.
My father drive a car.
My father drives a car.
Does he likes pizza?
Does he like pizza?
She doesn't plays tennis.
She doesn't play tennis.
He haves a dog.
He has a dog.
Everyone have a phone.
Everyone has a phone.
The news are bad.
The news is bad.
Neither of them know the answer.
Neither of them knows the answer.
The criteria for the award is strict.
The criteria for the award are strict.
문장 패턴
[Name] ___ [Activity] every day.
She doesn't ___ because she ___.
It ___ like a good idea, but it ___ a lot of work.
Neither of them ___ to ___ that he ___.
Real World Usage
He says he's coming at 8.
My current manager relies on my reports.
She looks so happy in this photo!
My friend wants the burger, but he doesn't like onions.
The GPS says to turn left here.
The earth rotates on its axis.
'S' 주어를 찾아보세요
He works hard.복수 명사와 헷갈리지 마세요!
The cat sleeps. vs The cats sleep.'S' 소리에 귀 기울여 보세요
She walks to school.
자연스럽게 들리는 것이 중요해요
He speaks English well.
이름으로 연습해 보세요
My friend studies hard.
Smart Tips
Hiss like a snake! Make sure you hear that 's' or 'z' sound at the end of the action.
Imagine 'does' is a thief that steals the 's' from the main verb.
Find the 'head' noun. Is it one man or many dogs? The verb matches the man!
Treat these words like 'It'. They always take an 's'.
발음
The Three Sounds of 'S'
The 's' ending can sound like /s/, /z/, or /iz/ depending on the last sound of the verb.
Statement Falling Intonation
He works ↘ here.
A standard factual statement.
암기하기
기억법
He, She, It... the 'S' must fit!
시각적 연상
Imagine the letter 'S' is a tail that only grows on a verb when a single person (He/She) or a single thing (It) is standing in front of it.
Rhyme
I walk, you walk, we walk too. But He walks, She walks—that's what they do!
Story
In the Kingdom of Grammar, the 'S' is a special crown. Only the three royals—Prince He, Princess She, and the Royal Pet It—are allowed to wear the 'S' crown on their actions. If anyone else tries to wear it, the Grammar Police will stop them!
Word Web
챌린지
Look around the room. Find one person or one object. Say three things they are doing or three facts about them using the 'S' rule. (e.g., 'The lamp sits on the table. It looks bright. It costs ten dollars.')
문화 노트
In the UK, collective nouns like 'the team' or 'the government' often take a plural verb ('The team are playing well'), whereas in American English, they almost always take a singular verb ('The team is playing well').
In AAVE, the third-person 's' is often omitted as part of the dialect's systematic grammar ('He go to the store'). This is a valid dialectal variation, not a 'mistake' within that context.
In 'International English' or 'ELF' (English as a Lingua Franca), the third-person 's' is often dropped by non-native speakers. While understood, it is still corrected in formal business writing.
The '-s' ending comes from the Northumbrian dialect of Old English, where it was '-es'.
대화 시작하기
What does your best friend do for fun?
How does your favorite app work?
What happens if it rains on your wedding day?
How does your government handle environmental issues?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
She ___ a new book every week.
Find and fix the mistake:
My cat sleep all day.
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesMy brother ___ in London.
She ___ (watch) movies every Friday.
Find and fix the mistake:
He don't like apples.
always / she / her / finishes / work
1. I, 2. He, 3. They, 4. It
Select the grammatically correct question.
The sun ___ (rise) in the east.
Find and fix the mistake:
The baby crys a lot.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe student always ___ their homework.
We ___ to the beach every summer.
My friends often plays soccer in the park.
The sun rise in the east.
Choose the correct sentence:
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'She writes a letter.'
Translate into English: 'My dog barks loudly.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the subjects with the correct verb form for 'to eat'.
Match the subjects with the correct verb form for 'to live'.
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
It's a historical leftover from Old English. Most other person-endings disappeared over time, but the third-person singular 's' survived. It helps distinguish the subject in a sentence.
No. Even if 'they' refers to a single person (singular they), it always takes the plural verb form: `They work here`, not `They works here`.
It is always `goes`. Verbs ending in '-o' like `go` and `do` require `-es`.
These are singular! You should say `Everyone likes pizza` and `Somebody knows the truth`.
English grammar doesn't like 'double marking'. Since the 's' is already on `does`, the main verb `like` doesn't need it. Think of `does` as the boss who takes the 's' for himself.
For the 's' rule, `has` is the main irregular verb. The verb `to be` is also irregular (`is`), but it's usually taught as its own rule.
No! In the past tense, the verb is the same for everyone: `I worked`, `He worked`, `They worked`. The 's' rule is only for the `Present Simple`.
Then the subject is 'They' (plural), so you do NOT add an 's'. `John and Mary work here`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Presente de Indicativo (-a/-e)
Spanish changes the verb for every person; English only for the third person singular.
Présent de l'indicatif
English 's' is always pronounced, whereas French endings are often silent.
Präsens (-t)
German also has distinct endings for 'we' and 'you plural', which English does not.
Dictionary form (u-verb/ru-verb)
Japanese has zero person-based conjugation.
Al-Mudaari' (Present Tense)
Arabic distinguishes between 'he' and 'she' in the verb form; English uses 's' for both.
No conjugation
Chinese relies on context and time markers rather than verb endings.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
관련 동영상
05:29 What I Learned from Cooking My Way Across a Continent | Dieuveil Malonga | TED
07:49 What Are Post Codes Actually Telling You?
09:27 What to know about orgasms: Sex Ed #13
주어-동사 수 일치 (Subject-Verb Agreement) | 영어 문법 | 영어회화 | 영어공부 | 영어독학
라이브 아카데미
영어문법 기초 주어 동사 수 일치 (Subject-Verb Agreement)
영어의신
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