A1 · مبتدی فصل 1

Starting with the Basics

5 مجموع قواعد
58 مثال‌ها
5 دقیقه
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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the essential building blocks to start speaking English with confidence and clarity today.

  • Identify the correct forms of 'to be' and 'have'.
  • Describe existence using 'there is' and 'there are'.
  • Apply subject-verb agreement rules to build accurate sentences.
Unlock the power to speak your first English sentences.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Ready to take your first exciting steps in English? Here, we'll learn to confidently make sentences that feel just right, like saying 'I am' or talking about what 'there is'. Soon, you'll be building clear, basic sentences all on your own!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Construct simple sentences describing your identity, environment, and possessions.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Imagine unlocking the very first doors to speaking English! This guide is your friendly helper, designed to get you comfortable with the absolute basics so you can start communicating right away. Mastering these fundamental building blocks is super important for anyone starting with the basics in English for beginners.
We’re talking about learning how to introduce yourself, describe simple things around you, and even talk about what's happening now. It’s like learning your ABCs before writing a story!
In this chapter, we'll dive into the magic of the verb 'to be' (that's am, is, are), which helps us describe who we are, where we are, and how we feel. We'll also explore how to say something exists using 'there is' and 'there are', and get super clear on how words like have change for different people. Plus, we’ll learn the clever ways English uses words like 'it' and 'there' for everyday talk about time and weather.
By the end, you'll feel confident as you learn English A1 grammar and build clear, simple sentences all on your own. Let's make English fun and easy!

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

At the heart of simple English sentences are a few key patterns that help us describe the world. First up is the verb 'to be', which is essential for identity, location, and feelings. For example, I am happy, You are a student, She is in London.
Notice how 'to be' changes: am with I, is with he/she/it, and are with you/we/they. This is a core part of matching subjects and verbs, making sure your sentences sound correct.
Next, when we want to say that something exists, or that it's in a certain place, we use 'there is' for one thing and 'there are' for many things. So, you might say, There is a book on the table (one book), or There are two pens here (many pens). This is another example of subject-verb agreement in action, where the verb (is or are) matches the noun that follows (a book or two pens).
The verb 'have' is also crucial for possession. Like 'to be', it changes based on the subject. Most of the time, we use have (e.g., I have a car, We have a meeting).
But there's a special rule for he, she, and it: they use 'has'. For example, He has a new phone, She has a great idea. This s ending for he/she/it is a common pattern in present simple verbs in English, often called the 'S' Rule.
Finally, we use 'it' and 'there' in specific ways. 'It' is often used for general conditions like time and weather: It is sunny, It is 3 o'clock. And 'there' is used to introduce the existence of something, as we saw with 'there is/are': There are many people here.
These simple structures are your toolkit for forming countless basic English sentences.

اشتباهات رایج

  1. 1Mixing up 'is' and 'are' with 'there'
✗ There are a big problem.
✓ There is a big problem.
Explanation: Remember, the verb (is or are) should agree with the noun *after* 'there'. 'A big problem' is singular, so it needs is.
  1. 1Forgetting the 's' with 'have' for 'he/she/it'
✗ She have a cat.
✓ She has a cat.
Explanation: For he, she, and it, the verb 'have' changes to has in the present simple. This is a very common S rule to learn!
  1. 1Incorrectly using 'it' for existence instead of 'there'
✗ It is a nice park in the city.
✓ There is a nice park in the city.
Explanation: Use it for general statements about weather, time, or opinions (It is cold, It is good). Use there to introduce the existence or presence of something.

مکالمات واقعی

At the Café

A

A

Hello! There is a table free by the window.
B

B

Oh, great! Is it for two people?
A

A

Yes, it is.
B

B

Perfect! Thank you.

Meeting a New Friend

A

A

Hi, I am Anna. Nice to meet you.
B

B

Hi Anna, I am Tom. You are from Spain, right?
A

A

Yes, I am. And you are from England?
B

B

That's right! I have a brother here.

In the Office

A

A

Good morning! Is it 9 o'clock already?
B

B

Almost! There are many emails today.
A

A

Oh, I see! He has a lot of work too.

سؤالات رایج

Q

How do I know when to use am, is, or are in English?

You use am with I (I am). You use is with he, she, and it (He is, She is, It is). You use are with you, we, and they (You are, We are, They are). It's all about matching the right form of 'to be' to the person or thing you're talking about!

Q

What's the main difference between there is and it is?

There is tells you that something exists or is located somewhere (There is a coffee shop nearby). It is tells you about the condition, time, or characteristic of something already known or generally understood (It is cold today, It is my favorite color).

Q

Why does have change to has sometimes?

In English, for present simple sentences, the verb 'have' changes to 'has' only when the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it' (or a singular noun that represents them, like 'my friend' or 'the dog'). For all other subjects (I, you, we, they), it stays have.

بافت فرهنگی

Native English speakers use these basic patterns constantly, often shortening them in casual speech. For example, I am becomes I'm, there is becomes there's, and it is becomes it's. This informal contraction is very common and makes speech flow faster.
While grammatically simple, these structures are the foundation of almost every conversation, from formal meetings to chatting with friends.

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

1

I am a new student at SubLearn.

من یه دانشجوی جدید توی ساب‌لِرن هستم.

فعل 'بودن' (am, is, are)
2

She is very tall for her age.

اون برای سنش خیلی قد بلنده.

فعل 'بودن' (am, is, are)
3

There's a notification on your phone.

یه نوتیفیکیشن روی گوشی‌ت هست.

وجود دارد (There is / There are)
4

There are five people in this Zoom meeting.

پنج نفر تو این جلسه زوم هستن.

وجود دارد (There is / There are)
5

I **drink** water every morning.

من هر روز صبح آب می‌نوشم.

تطابق فاعل و فعل: قانون 'S' (همخوانی فاعل و فعل)
6

He **plays** video games after work.

او بعد از کار بازی کامپیوتری می‌کنه.

تطابق فاعل و فعل: قانون 'S' (همخوانی فاعل و فعل)
7

It is hot today.

امروز هوا گرمه.

استفاده از 'It' و 'There' (زمان، آب و هوا و وجود)
8

There is a cat on the sofa.

یه گربه روی مبل هست.

استفاده از 'It' و 'There' (زمان، آب و هوا و وجود)

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

با ضمایر تمرین کن

قبل از هر کاری، به فاعل جمله فکر کن (من، تو، او، ما، شما، آنها). این کار بلافاصله بهت میگه از 'am'، 'is' یا 'are' استفاده کنی.
I am a student.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فعل 'بودن' (am, is, are)
⚠️

مراقب "It Is" باش!

هیچ‌وقت نگو 'It is a cat in the garden' اگه منظورت اینه که گربه اونجا وجود داره. It is فقط برای توصیف کردن یا آب و هواست. It is black. یا It is raining.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: وجود دارد (There is / There are)
💡

دنبال فاعل‌های "S" بگرد!

همیشه چک کن که فاعل جمله 'he', 'she', 'it' یا هر اسم مفرد دیگه‌ای هست یا نه. اگه بود، فعلت احتمالاً به اون s کوچولو تهش احتیاج داره. این یه چک‌لیست ذهنی سریعه!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: تطابق فاعل و فعل: قانون 'S' (همخوانی فاعل و فعل)
💡

هماهنگی فاعل و فعل

همیشه اول فاعل رو چک کن! اگه I, you, we, they بود، از have استفاده کن:
I have a cat.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فعل 'have': اشکال زمان حال ساده (I have / He has)

واژگان کلیدی (6)

I first-person singular is singular state of being have possession there place/existence marker it impersonal subject sun celestial object/weather

Real-World Preview

message-circle

Meeting a New Friend

Review Summary

  • Subject + am/is/are + complement
  • There + is/are + noun
  • Subject (3rd person) + Verb+s
  • Subject + have/has + object
  • It + is + adjective

اشتباهات رایج

The verb 'to be' changes based on the subject. 'I' always pairs with 'am'.

Wrong: I is a student.
صحیح: I am a student.

When the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it', use 'has' instead of 'have'.

Wrong: She have a car.
صحیح: She has a car.

Use 'is' for single items and 'are' for multiple items.

Wrong: There are a pen.
صحیح: There is a pen.

Next Steps

You've built a solid foundation. Keep that momentum going into Chapter 2!

Describe your room out loud using 'There is' and 'I have'.

Continue to: Present Tenses

تمرین سریع (10)

جمله رو به انگلیسی ترجمه کن.

Translate into English: 'اون (دختر) یه سگ کوچیک داره.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She has a small dog.
برای 'او' (مونث) از She و برای فعل داشتن از has استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فعل 'have': اشکال زمان حال ساده (I have / He has)

کدوم جمله درسته؟

Choose the correct way to ask about a cat:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Is there a cat in the room?
تو سوال‌ها، ما جای 'Is there' رو برای اسم‌های مفرد عوض می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: وجود دارد (There is / There are)

کدوم جمله درسته؟

جمله صحیح را انتخاب کنید:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It is 5 PM.
It برای صحبت در مورد زمان استفاده میشه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: استفاده از 'It' و 'There' (زمان، آب و هوا و وجود)

کدوم جمله درسته؟

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She likes to watch movies.
برای 'She' (سوم شخص مفرد)، فعل 'like' به درستی می‌شه 'likes'. 'They' جمع هست، پس باید 'like' باشه. 'He' مفرد هست، پس باید 'likes' باشه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: تطابق فاعل و فعل: قانون 'S' (همخوانی فاعل و فعل)

شکل صحیح 'to be' رو انتخاب کن.

My sister ___ a doctor.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is
فاعل 'My sister' مفرده، بنابراین از 'is' استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فعل 'بودن' (am, is, are)

اشتباه رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

My cat sleep all day.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My cat sleeps all day.
فاعل 'My cat' مفرد هست (it)، پس فعل 'sleep' باید s بگیره و بشه 'sleeps'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: تطابق فاعل و فعل: قانون 'S' (همخوانی فاعل و فعل)

هر فاعل رو به فعل درستش وصل کن.

Match the subjects with the correct form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
یادت باشه: I و They با have میان، He و It با has.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فعل 'have': اشکال زمان حال ساده (I have / He has)

جای خالی رو با 'is' یا 'are' پر کن.

There ____ three unread emails in my inbox.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: are
ما از 'are' استفاده می‌کنیم چون 'three unread emails' (سه ایمیل خوانده نشده) جمعه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: وجود دارد (There is / There are)

اشتباه جمله رو پیدا و اصلاح کن.

We has a big exam next Monday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: We have a big exam next Monday.
برای فاعل 'We' همیشه از have استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فعل 'have': اشکال زمان حال ساده (I have / He has)

اشتباه رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

You is very kind.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: You are very kind.
فاعل 'You' همیشه 'are' می‌گیره، چه مفرد باشه چه جمع.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فعل 'بودن' (am, is, are)

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

فعل 'to be' در اصل برای شناسایی، توصیف ویژگی‌ها، بیان احساسات یا نشون دادن مکان یه فاعل استفاده میشه. فاعل رو به اطلاعات بیشتری در موردش وصل می‌کنه، مثلاً توی 'I am happy' یا 'She is a doctor'.
'To be' یه فعل بی‌قاعده است، یعنی از یه الگوی ساده برای صرف پیروی نمی‌کنه. شکل‌های مختلفش (am, is, are) لازمه تا با فاعل‌های مختلف (من، او، ما، شما، آنها) هماهنگ باشه.
فرقشون توی تعداده. There is برای 'یه دونه' (مفرد) و There are برای 'دو تا' یا بیشتر (جمع) استفاده میشه. مثلا:
There is a cookie
(یه کلوچه هست) در مقابل
There are three cookies
(سه تا کلوچه هست).
از نظر گرامری، نه. توی امتحان انگلیسی غلطه. اما تو مکالمه خودمونی، خیلی از انگلیسی‌زبان‌ها برای جمع هم میگن "There's« چون راحت‌تره. مثلا: »There's two cats here."
خیلی ساده یعنی فعل جمله با فاعلش هماهنگ باشه. مثلاً اگه یه فاعل داری، فعل ممکنه شکل خاصی بگیره؛ اگه چندتا داری، شکل دیگه‌ای. مثل دو نفر هستن که همیشه با هم هماهنگن!
چون مشخص‌ترین تغییری که برای مبتدی‌ها توی زمان حال ساده اتفاق می‌افته، اضافه کردن s به فعل هست وقتی فاعل 'he', 'she', 'it' یا هر اسم مفرد دیگه‌ای باشه. یه اسم بامزه برای یه الگوی کلیدی!
فصل بعدی
Present Tenses
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