A1 Verb Tenses 22 min read آسان

وجود دارد (There is / There are)

برای اینکه بگی یه چیزی هست یا یه جایی قرار داره، از There is/are استفاده کن. is برای «یه دونه» و are برای «چند تا».

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'There is' for one thing and 'There are' for two or more to say something exists.

  • Use 'There is' (or 'There's') for singular nouns: 'There is a cat.'
  • Use 'There are' for plural nouns: 'There are two cats.'
  • Swap the order for questions: 'Is there a cat?' or 'Are there cats?'
There + is/are + 📦 (Object) + 📍 (Location)

مرور کلی

آیا تا به حال وارد اتاقی شده‌اید و حس کرده‌اید کسی شما را زیر نظر دارد؟ یا یخچال را باز کرده‌اید و متوجه شده‌اید که there is (وجود دارد) مطلقاً چیزی برای خوردن نیست جز یک شیشه تنهای ترشی؟ ما از این دو عبارت کوتاه، there is و there are برای اشاره به وجود چیزی استفاده می‌کنیم.
در بسیاری از زبان‌ها، ممکن است فقط یک کلمه برای این کار داشته باشید (مثل «هست» یا «وجود دارد»)، اما انگلیسی دوست دارد کمی دقیق‌تر باشد. برای ما مهم است که در مورد یک چیز صحبت می‌کنیم یا مجموعه‌ای از چیزها. این عبارات را به عنوان «انگشت اشاره» زبان انگلیسی در نظر بگیرید.
شما نمی‌گویید یک چیز چه کار می‌کند؛ شما فقط به دنیا اعلام می‌کنید که آن چیز حضور دارد. چه در حال گزارش یک اشکال در یک بازی ویدیویی باشید و چه به دوست خود بگویید که there's (وجود دارد) یک حراج بزرگ در Steam است، شما از این قاعده استفاده می‌کنید.

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

در انگلیسی، هر جمله به یک فاعل نیاز دارد. معمولاً این فاعل شخصی مثل I یا you است. اما اگر فقط بخواهید بگویید چیزی وجود دارد چه؟
شما نمی‌توانید جمله را با Is a cat on the table شروع کنید. این کار باعث می‌شود شبیه رباتی به نظر برسید که باتری‌اش در حال تمام شدن است. اینجاست که there وارد می‌شود.
در این متن، there به معنای «آنجا» (مکان) نیست. در عوض، یک «فاعل ساختگی» است. فقط یک جایگزین است که در را باز نگه می‌دارد تا بقیه جمله بتواند وارد شود.
تمرکز اصلی جمله *بعد* از فعل می‌آید. اگر بگویید There is a coffee on my desk کلمه coffee ستاره واقعی جمله است. فعل is یا are باید با آن ستاره مطابقت داشته باشد.

الگوی ساخت

1
ساختن این جملات به سادگی سفارش غذا در یک اپلیکیشن است. شما فقط به سه بخش نیاز دارید:
2
کلمه there (جایگزین ما).
3
فعل to be (یا is یا are).
4
اسم (چیزی که وجود دارد).

جدول صرف

فرم مثال ترجمه
Positive Singular There is a cat. یک گربه وجود دارد.
Positive Plural There are two cats. دو گربه وجود دارد.
Negative Singular There is not (isn't) a cat. گربه‌ای وجود ندارد.
Negative Plural There are not (aren't) any cats. هیچ گربه‌ای وجود ندارد.
Question Singular Is there a cat? آیا گربه‌ای وجود دارد؟
Question Plural Are there any cats? آیا گربه‌ای وجود دارد؟

کی استفاده کنیم

شما مدام در دنیای دیجیتال از این قاعده استفاده خواهید کرد.
  • توصیف یک عکس: «There is یک غروب زیبا در این عکس وجود دارد.»
  • بررسی موجود بودن: «آیا در حال حاضر اوبر موجود Is there است؟»
  • گزارش مشکلات: «There's یک باگ در آخرین آپدیت وجود دارد.»
  • برنامه‌ریزی: «There are سه فیلم امشب در سینما در حال اکران است.»

اشتباهات رایج

بزرگترین تله استفاده از It is به جای There is است. این اتفاق می‌افتد چون بسیاری از زبان‌ها از یک کلمه برای هر دو استفاده می‌کنند. اگر بگویید It is a fly in my soup دارید می‌گویید که مگس خودِ سوپ *است*. که چندش‌آور و اشتباه است. از There is استفاده کنید تا بگویید مگس در آن مکان وجود دارد.

مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه

چگونه بفهمیم چه زمانی از There is در مقابل It is استفاده کنیم؟
  • از There is برای معرفی چیزی برای اولین بار استفاده کنید. «There is یک کافه جدید در خیابان اصلی وجود دارد.»
  • از It is برای دادن جزئیات بیشتر در مورد آن چیز استفاده کنید. «آن (It is) خیلی گران است، اما قهوه‌اش عالی است.»

سؤالات رایج

س: آیا می‌توانم برای چیزهای جمع از There's استفاده کنم؟
ج: در صحبت‌های معمولی؟ بله، مردم همیشه این کار را می‌کنند. اما در نوشتن، از There are استفاده کنید.

Present Simple Existence

Type Singular / Uncountable Plural
Affirmative
There is (There's)
There are
Negative
There is not (There isn't)
There are not (There aren't)
Question
Is there...?
Are there...?
Short Answer (+)
Yes, there is.
Yes, there are.
Short Answer (-)
No, there isn't.
No, there aren't.

Common Contractions

Full Form Contraction Usage Note
There is
There's
Very common in speech and informal writing.
There is not
There isn't / There's not
Both are common; 'isn't' is more standard.
There are not
There aren't
Common in speech.
There are
None
Native speakers rarely contract 'There are' in writing.

Meanings

A grammatical structure used to introduce new information or state that something exists in a particular place.

1

Singular Existence

Stating that one person, thing, or place exists.

“There is a new student in our class.”

“There's a fly in my soup!”

2

Plural Existence

Stating that multiple people, things, or places exist.

“There are many books on the shelf.”

“There are three cars in the garage.”

3

Uncountable Existence

Stating the existence of things we cannot count (liquids, concepts, etc.).

“There is some water on the floor.”

“There is a lot of traffic today.”

Reference Table

Reference table for وجود دارد (There is / There are)
نوع مفرد (یه دونه) جمع (دو تا یا بیشتر)
مثبت
There is a...
There are some...
منفی
There isn't a...
There aren't any...
سوال
Is there a...?
Are there any...?
کوتاه شده
There's
There are (خیلی کم There're)
جواب کوتاه (+)
Yes, there is.
Yes, there are.
جواب کوتاه (-)
No, there isn't.
No, there aren't.

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Might I inquire if there is a restroom available?

Might I inquire if there is a restroom available? (Travel/Public spaces)

خنثی
Is there a bathroom here?

Is there a bathroom here? (Travel/Public spaces)

غیر رسمی
Is there a toilet?

Is there a toilet? (Travel/Public spaces)

عامیانه
Any loos around?

Any loos around? (Travel/Public spaces)

The World of 'There'

There is/are

Singular

  • A book There is a book

Plural

  • Two books There are two books

Uncountable

  • Some water There is some water

There is vs. It is

There is
Introducing There is a new car.
It is
Describing It is a red car.

Choosing Is or Are

1

Is the noun singular?

YES
Use 'There is'
NO
Go to next step
2

Is the noun plural?

YES
Use 'There are'
NO
Use 'There is' (Uncountable)

Common Places to use 'There'

🏠

In a Room

  • Bed
  • Table
  • Chair
🏙️

In a City

  • Park
  • Bank
  • Museum

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

There is a cat on the sofa.

There is a cat on the sofa.

2

There are four chairs in the kitchen.

There are four chairs in the kitchen.

3

Is there a bank near here?

Is there a bank near here?

4

There are no apples in the bag.

There are no apples in the bag.

1

There isn't any milk in the fridge.

There isn't any milk in the fridge.

2

Are there any messages for me?

Are there any messages for me?

3

There is a lot of noise outside.

There is a lot of noise outside.

4

There are some people waiting for you.

There are some people waiting for you.

1

There was a big storm last night.

There was a big storm last night.

2

There will be a meeting at 10 AM.

There will be a meeting at 10 AM.

3

There have been many changes recently.

There have been many changes recently.

4

Is there going to be a party?

Is there going to be a party?

1

There seems to be a misunderstanding.

There seems to be a misunderstanding.

2

There is likely to be some opposition to the new law.

There is likely to be some opposition to the new law.

3

There happened to be a doctor on the plane.

There happened to be a doctor on the plane.

4

There is no point in arguing about it.

There is no point in arguing about it.

1

There remains much to be done before we can launch.

There remains much to be done before we can launch.

2

There exists a fine line between genius and madness.

There exists a fine line between genius and madness.

3

There followed a period of great economic growth.

There followed a period of great economic growth.

4

There arose a sudden shout from the crowd.

There arose a sudden shout from the crowd.

1

Should there be any further delays, please notify us immediately.

Should there be any further delays, please notify us immediately.

2

There is said to be a hidden treasure in these mountains.

There is said to be a hidden treasure in these mountains.

3

There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned.

There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned.

4

Were there to be a crisis, we would be well-prepared.

Were there to be a crisis, we would be well-prepared.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

There is / There are (Existence) در مقابل It is vs. There is

Learners use 'It is' to introduce things because their native language uses one word for both.

There is / There are (Existence) در مقابل Have vs. There is

Learners use 'have' to say something exists in a place.

There is / There are (Existence) در مقابل They are vs. There are

The words sound similar, leading to spelling and usage errors.

اشتباهات رایج

It is a book on the table.

There is a book on the table.

Use 'There is' to introduce existence. 'It is' is for describing something already mentioned.

There is two dogs.

There are two dogs.

You must use 'are' because 'dogs' is plural.

There is a park near here?

Is there a park near here?

In English questions, the verb must come before the subject.

There are some milks.

There is some milk.

Milk is uncountable, so it uses 'is' and no 's'.

There aren't some chairs.

There aren't any chairs.

Use 'any' instead of 'some' in negative sentences.

There is many people.

There are many people.

People is a plural noun, even though it doesn't end in 's'.

Is there any apples?

Are there any apples?

Apples is plural, so the question must start with 'Are'.

There have many problems.

There are many problems.

Don't use 'have' for existence. 'Have' is for possession.

There was many people at the party.

There were many people at the party.

The past tense must also agree with the plural noun.

There remains many questions.

There remain many questions.

Even with formal verbs like 'remain', the verb must agree with the plural subject that follows.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

There is a ___ in the ___.

There are some ___ on the ___.

Is there a ___ near here?

There isn't any ___ left.

Real World Usage

Checking into a hotel very common

Is there a safe in the room?

Ordering at a restaurant very common

Are there any nuts in this salad?

Job Interview common

There are several skills I can bring to this role.

Texting a friend constant

There's a cool party tonight, you coming?

Reporting a problem common

There is a leak in the bathroom ceiling.

Social Media very common

There are so many beautiful places in this city! 😍

⚠️

مراقب "It Is" باش!

هیچ‌وقت نگو 'It is a cat in the garden' اگه منظورت اینه که گربه اونجا وجود داره. It is فقط برای توصیف کردن یا آب و هواست. It is black. یا It is raining.
🎯

راز لیست‌ها

اگه داری یه لیست از چیزها میگی، فقط به اولین کلمه لیست نگاه کن. اگه اولی 'یه دونه' بود، همیشه از There is استفاده کن، حتی اگه لیست خیلی طولانی باشه!
There is a book and five pens.
💬

تنبل‌های انگلیسی‌زبان

توی حرف زدن‌های خیلی خودمونی، بعضی‌ها برای 'چند تا' هم "There's« میگن. از نظر گرامری غلطه، ولی خیلی رایجه! مثلاً: »There's two apples." (اشتباه ولی رایج)

Smart Tips

Use 'There is' for the furniture and 'It is' for the color.

It is a bed in my room. The bed is big. There is a bed in my room. It is big.

Always look at the very first word after 'There'. If it's singular, use 'is'.

There are a pen and some papers. There is a pen and some papers.

Start with 'Is there...?' to be more polite.

Do you have milk? Is there any milk?

Always use 'are'. 'People' is the most common plural noun that doesn't end in 's'.

There is a lot of people. There are a lot of people.

تلفظ

/ðɛərz/

The 'There's' Contraction

In the contraction 'There's', the 's' sounds like a /z/ sound.

/ðɛərɑːr/

Linking 'There are'

When saying 'There are', the 'r' in 'there' links to the 'a' in 'are'.

Rising Intonation for Questions

Is there a ↗️ bank?

Indicates a yes/no question.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

IS is for ONE (I is like the number 1). ARE is for MANY.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine pointing your finger at one object and saying 'There is...'. Then imagine opening both arms wide to point at many objects and saying 'There are...'.

Rhyme

One thing here? There is a cat. Two things there? There are two hats.

Story

You walk into a dark room. You turn on the light. First, you see one thing: 'There is a box.' Then you look inside: 'There are five gold coins!' You are rich!

شبکه واژگان

ThereIsAreAnySomeAAnNo

چالش

Look around your room right now. Say 3 sentences using 'There is' and 3 sentences using 'There are' out loud.

نکات فرهنگی

Native speakers often use 'There's' even for plural nouns in very casual speech (e.g., 'There's two cars'). However, this is considered grammatically incorrect in exams and formal writing.

In the UK, it is very common to use 'There is' with collective nouns like 'team' or 'staff', but sometimes they use 'There are' if they think of the members as individuals.

In some dialects, you might hear 'There's' used for almost everything, or even 'It's' used in place of 'There's'.

The use of 'there' as a dummy subject dates back to Old English, where 'þær' was used to introduce sentences.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

Is there a good restaurant in your neighborhood?

Are there any famous landmarks in your city?

Is there anything interesting in your bag right now?

If you could change your city, what is one thing there should be more of?

موضوعات نگارش

Describe your dream house. What rooms are there? What is in the garden?
Write about your favorite city. What landmarks are there? Are there many parks?
Describe a busy market or festival you visited. What was there to see and do?
Discuss the problems in modern cities. Are there enough resources for everyone?

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

جای خالی رو با 'is' یا 'are' پر کن.

There ____ three unread emails in my inbox.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: are
ما از 'are' استفاده می‌کنیم چون 'three unread emails' (سه ایمیل خوانده نشده) جمعه.
کدوم جمله درسته؟ چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the correct way to ask about a cat:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Is there a cat in the room?
تو سوال‌ها، ما جای 'Is there' رو برای اسم‌های مفرد عوض می‌کنیم.
اشتباه رو پیدا کن و درستش کن. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

It is a spider on the wall!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There is a spider on the wall!
ما برای معرفی یه چیز جدید تو یه مکان، از 'There is' استفاده می‌کنیم، نه 'It is'.

Score: /3

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Choose the correct form of the verb. چند گزینه‌ای

There ___ a big window in the office.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is
'Window' is singular, so we use 'is'.
Choose the correct form of the verb. چند گزینه‌ای

There ___ many people at the bus stop.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: are
'People' is a plural noun.
Fill in the blank with 'is' or 'are'.

Is there ___ any milk in the fridge?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is
Milk is uncountable, so we use 'is'.
Correct the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

There are a cat on the roof.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There is a cat
A cat is singular, so 'are' is wrong.
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Reorder

any / there / Are / eggs / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Are there any eggs?
In questions, 'Are' comes first.
Match the singular and plural forms. جفت کردن

Match the start to the end.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There is... a book
Matching singular/plural logic.
Translate to English. ترجمه

Hay tres manzanas.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There are three apples.
Use 'There are' for plural existence.
Negative form check. چند گزینه‌ای

There ___ any cars in the park.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: aren't
'Cars' is plural, so use 'aren't'.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

8 exercises
جای خالی رو پر کن. پر کردن جای خالی

____ there any sugar in this tea?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Is
کلمات رو مرتب کن تا یه جمله بسازی. Sentence Reorder

no / there / milk / is / left

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There is no milk left
به انگلیسی ترجمه کن. ترجمه

Hay muchos coches en la calle.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There are many cars on the street.
درست جفت کن. جفت کردن

Match correctly:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There is -> a car
کدوم برای صفر آیتم درسته؟ چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the negative sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct.
اشتباه رو درست کن. Error Correction

There are a bug in the app.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both 'is a bug' or 'are bugs' would work.
جای خالی رو پر کن. پر کردن جای خالی

____ there any questions?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Are
کدوم تو حرف زدن طبیعی‌تره؟ چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the most common spoken form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There's a fly in here.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

In very casual speech, native speakers often do this (e.g., 'There's two dogs'). However, in exams and formal writing, you must use 'There are'.

Use `There is` to introduce something for the first time. Use `It is` to describe that thing later. Example: 'There is a bird. It is blue.'

Usually, we look at the first item. If the first item is singular, we use `There is`. Example: 'There is a bed and two chairs.'

Just swap the words: `Is there...?` or `Are there...?` and add a question mark at the end.

Uncountable nouns always use the singular form: `There is some water.`

Yes! Both are correct. `There are no apples` is slightly more emphatic than `There aren't any apples`.

It is a contraction of 'There are', but it is very rare in writing because it is hard to say. It's better to write 'There are'.

Because it doesn't have a real meaning in the sentence; it just fills the subject position so the real subject can come after the verb.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Hay

English changes the verb for plural (is vs are), Spanish does not.

French moderate

Il y a

French is a fixed phrase; English must agree with the noun's number.

German low

Es gibt

German uses the verb 'give' and the accusative case; English uses 'be' and the nominative.

Japanese low

Arimasu / Imasu

Japanese focuses on whether the subject is alive; English focuses on whether it is singular or plural.

Arabic high

Hunaka (هناك)

English requires the verb 'is' or 'are', while Arabic often omits it in the present.

Chinese low

Yǒu (有)

English strictly separates possession (have) from existence (there is).

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Was this helpful?
هنوز نظری وجود ندارد. اولین نفری باشید که افکار خود را به اشتراک می‌گذارد!