وجودی 'There' (وجود دارد)
Existence, Presence.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'There' + 'be' to introduce new information or state that something exists without making it the grammatical subject.
- Use 'There is' for singular nouns and uncountable things: 'There is a fly in my soup.'
- Use 'There are' for plural nouns: 'There are three meetings scheduled today.'
- In questions, swap the order: 'Is there any coffee left?' or 'Are there any concerns?'
مرور کلی
there is (وجود ندارد) وایفای نیست؟ آن لحظه کوتاه وحشت توسط there وجودی برای شما به ارمغان میآید. این دستور زبان هستی است.there is و there are برای معرفی اطلاعات جدید استفاده میکنیم. ما به این میگوییم «there وجودی». چرا؟A cat is on the sofa، چون این جمله مثل رباتها به نظر میرسد. میگویید
There is a cat on the sofa. این جمله طبیعیتر به نظر میرسد.there را به عنوان یک جایبان (placeholder) در نظر بگیرید. این به معنای «آنجا» نیست (آن یک there متفاوت است). فقط جای خالی ابتدای جمله را نگه میدارد تا بتوانید به دنیا بگویید چه اتفاقی میافتد.there is مشکلی در سفارش من وجود دارد. یا، there are سه پیام جدید در صندوق ورودی شما وجود دارد. این بهترین شروعکننده مکالمه است.there's (وجود دارد) عنکبوتی روی شانه اوست. و واقعاً، در آن صورت شما چه جور دوستی بودید؟قواعد ترتیب کلمات
there وجودی، فاعل واقعی *بعد از* فعل میآید. الگو این است: There + be (فعل) + Noun (فاعل) + مکان/زمان.- مفرد:
There+is+a/an+ اسم مفرد. مثال:There is a coffee on the table. - جمع:
There+are+ اسم جمع. مثال:There are two dogs in the park.
Is there a fly in my soup? یا Are there any tickets left؟. برای منفی کردن، فقط not را اضافه کنید: There is not (isn't) any milk. یا There are not (aren't) any chairs. در پیامکهای مدرن، ما تقریباً همیشه از مخفف There's برای مفرد استفاده میکنیم. اما مراقب باشید!there's برای چیزهای جمع مانند There's three books خودداری کنید. با وجود اینکه همه در زندگی واقعی اینطور میگویند، اما اگر اینطور بنویسید، ممکن است معلم انگلیسیتان دچار حمله قلبی خفیف شود. وقتی میخواهید حرفهای به نظر برسید، مثلاً در مصاحبه شغلی در Zoom، از There are برای جمع استفاده کنید.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
there را به عنوان یک «فاعل صوری» در نظر بگیرید. این یک شخص یا چیز واقعی نیست. فقط یک روح گرامری است.The beach is beautiful. میخواهید به دنبالکنندگان خود بگویید چه چیزهایی در آنجا پیدا میشود. میگویید
There are many palm trees here! یا There is a small café nearby. شما این چیزها را وارد مکالمه میکنید.there is با it is است. قانون طلایی اینجاست: از there is برای گفتن اینکه چیزی وجود دارد استفاده کنید. از it is برای توصیف آن چیز بعد از اینکه قبلاً آن را معرفی کردهاید، استفاده کنید.There isگوشی جدیدی روی میز است. (من به شما میگویم که آنجاست.)It isخیلی گران است. (من دارم گوشیای را که همین الان در موردش صحبت کردیم توصیف میکنم.)
there is (وجود دارد) معمولاً فقط به این معنی است که فراموش کردهاید چرا وارد آشپزخانه شدهاید.
الگوی ساخت
There شروع کنید. این به عنوان پایه شما عمل میکند.
is استفاده کنید. اگر دو یا بیشتر میبینید، از are استفاده کنید.
is (There is water / There is a bug)
are (There are memes / There are people)
There + is + a party + at my house.
There + are + many stars + in the sky.
There's پادشاه است. There's a new video on YouTube. سریع است، تاثیرگذار است و شما را شبیه یک گوینده بومی نشان میدهد. فقط به خاطر داشته باشید که is عاشق اسمهای مفرد است و are عاشق اسمهای جمع. آنها مثل زوجی در یک مهمانی هستند که از هم جدا نمیشوند. اگر در یک مقاله رسمی is را با اسم جمع بیاورید، مثل پوشیدن جوراب با صندل است؛ بعضیها این کار را میکنند، اما قطعاً انتخاب عجیبی است.
تغییرات الگو
- منفی:
notرا اضافه کنید. در انگلیسی عامیانه، ازisn'tوaren'tاستفاده میکنیم. There isn't any Wi-Fi in this café.(فاجعه نهایی قرن بیست و یکم.)There aren't any clean towels.- سوال: فعل و
thereرا جابجا کنید. Is there a charger I can use?Are there any good shows on Netflix right now?- پاسخ کوتاه: فقط نگویید
YesیاNo. از الگو استفاده کنید. Is there a gym in the hotel?
->Yes,
there is.Are there many people at the party?
-> "No,there aren't."- کلمات مقدار: ما اغلب از
someبرای جملات مثبت وanyبرای منفی و سوال استفاده میکنیم. There are some cookies in the kitchen.Are there any cookies left?(مهمترین سوالی که تا به حال خواهید پرسید.)
مکالمات واقعی
بیایید ببینیم این در دنیای واقعی چگونه به نظر میرسد. تصور کنید با دوستی در کافه هستید.
سناریوی ۱: در کافه
دوست
Is there میزی برای ما هست؟شما
there's یکی در گوشه هست. اما صندلی there aren't اصلاً نیست!دوست
there are نزدیک پنجره هست. بیا آنها را برداریم.سناریوی ۲: سفارش آنلاین غذا
شما
Are there در این اپلیکیشن هست؟هماتاقی: فکر کنم یک گزینه there is در آن جای جدید باشد.
شما
there's ۱۰ دلار است. بیخیال، کمی پاستا there's در یخچال هست.سناریوی ۳: ولاگ سفر
شما
There's پشت سر من هست. امروز توریستهای زیادی There are اینجا هستند، اما یک جای دنج there is آنجا کنار فواره هست.میبینید؟ همه جا هست. از کامنتهای تیکتاک تا گروههای واتساپ، این قانون چسبی است که انگلیسی پایه را نگه میدارد.
اشتباهات رایج
- 1تله
It is: وقتی منظورتانThere is a book on the tableاست، نگوییدIt is a book on the table
. به خاطر داشته باشید:There is= وجود داشتن.It is= شناسایی/توصیف. - 2لغزش املایی:
Thereرا باTheir(مال آنها) یاThey're(آنها هستند) اشتباه نگیرید. صداها یکی است اما کیبورد گوشیتان شما را قضاوت خواهد کرد. - 3اشتباه مفرد/جمع: گفتن
There is many people
. هرچند در عامیانه خیلی رایج است، اما از نظر فنی غلط است. برای جمع ازThere areاستفاده کنید. - 4
Aجا افتاده: آرتیکل را فراموش نکنید! نگوییدThere is car. بگوییدThere is a car. - 5استفاده بیش از حد از
Have: در بسیاری از زبانها، برای گفتن «گربه هست» از «گربه دارد» استفاده میکنند. در انگلیسی این کار را نمیکنیم. فقط ازthere isاستفاده کنید.
سؤالات رایج
There's استفاده کنم؟There are استفاده کنید.There is a pen and two pencils.there فاعل جمله است؟there is را در گذشته بگویم؟be را عوض کنید. از there was برای مفرد و there were برای جمع استفاده کنید.There is no به جای There isn't any درست است؟There is no milk کاملاً درست است و کمی مستقیمتر به نظر میرسد.there is برای افراد استفاده کنم؟There is a new student in our class راه استانداردی برای معرفی افراد است.Existential 'There' across Tenses
| Tense | Singular/Uncountable | Plural |
|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
There is
|
There are
|
|
Past Simple
|
There was
|
There were
|
|
Future (Will)
|
There will be
|
There will be
|
|
Present Perfect
|
There has been
|
There have been
|
|
Past Perfect
|
There had been
|
There had been
|
|
Modals (e.g. might)
|
There might be
|
There might be
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
There is
|
There's
|
Very common in speech/writing
|
|
There are
|
There're
|
Rare in writing, common in fast speech
|
|
There will
|
There'll
|
Common in informal speech
|
|
There is not
|
There isn't / There's not
|
Both are common
|
|
There are not
|
There aren't
|
Standard negative plural
|
Meanings
A construction used to introduce a new topic or to state the existence or presence of something in a particular place or time.
Physical Existence
Stating that an object or person is physically present in a location.
“There is a cat on the roof.”
“There are several cars in the driveway.”
Abstract Existence
Stating the presence of non-physical things like ideas, problems, or feelings.
“There is no hope for a quick resolution.”
“There are many reasons to be optimistic.”
Events and Occurrences
Announcing that an event is happening or will happen.
“There is a party tonight at Sarah's house.”
“There was a massive protest in the city center.”
Availability
Indicating whether something can be used or obtained.
“There is plenty of food in the fridge.”
“Are there any tickets left for the show?”
Complex Existence (B2+)
Using 'there' with modal verbs or verbs of perception to express nuance.
“There might be a delay in your shipment.”
“There appears to have been a mistake in the calculations.”
Reference Table
| نوع | شکل | مثال | کاربرد روزمره |
|---|---|---|---|
|
مفرد
|
There is / There's
|
There is a cat.
|
یه پست جدید هست: "There's a new post."
|
|
جمع
|
There are
|
There are two dogs.
|
پنج تا لایک هست: "There are 5 likes."
|
|
منفی (مفرد)
|
There isn't
|
There isn't any milk.
|
وایفای نیست: "There's no Wi-Fi."
|
|
منفی (جمع)
|
There aren't
|
There aren't any eggs.
|
آپدیت نیست: "There aren't any updates."
|
|
سؤالی (مفرد)
|
Is there...?
|
Is there a park?
|
باشگاه ورزشی هست؟ "Is there a gym?"
|
|
سؤالی (جمع)
|
Are there...?
|
Are there any shops?
|
کامنتی هست؟ "Are there any comments?"
|
|
غیرقابل شمارش
|
There is
|
There is some bread.
|
لگ خیلی زیاده: "There's too much lag."
|
طیف رسمیت
There appears to be a discrepancy in the financial records. (Workplace)
There is a mistake in the accounts. (Workplace)
There's a bit of a mess-up with the numbers. (Workplace)
There's a major glitch in the system. (Workplace)
The Roles of 'There'
Existential
- There is a cat Existence
Locational
- Look over there Place
There is vs. It is
Choosing Is or Are
Is the noun singular?
Is it plural?
Common Nouns with 'There'
Abstract
- • a reason
- • a chance
- • a problem
Events
- • a party
- • a meeting
- • a strike
مثالها بر اساس سطح
There is a dog in the park.
There are four chairs in the room.
Is there a supermarket near here?
There are no students in the class.
There was a big party last night.
There weren't any eggs in the fridge.
Will there be a test tomorrow?
There is a lot of sugar in this tea.
There has been an accident on the highway.
There is something I need to tell you.
There used to be a cinema on this street.
Is there anything I can do to help?
There appears to be a slight delay with your flight.
There might have been a misunderstanding during the call.
There is no point in arguing about this now.
There are bound to be some objections to the new policy.
There remains much work to be done before the deadline.
There exists a fundamental flaw in your logic.
There arose a sudden conflict between the two factions.
There's no denying that the climate is changing.
There being no further objections, the motion was passed.
Should there be any changes, we will notify you immediately.
There lived an old fisherman by the sea.
There is but one path to true enlightenment.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners use 'It' to introduce new things because their native language uses one word for both.
In fast speech, 'There are' and 'They are' can sound similar.
Many languages (like Spanish or Chinese) use the verb 'to have' for existence.
اشتباهات رایج
It is a book on the table.
There is a book on the table.
There is two cats.
There are two cats.
Is a park near here?
Is there a park near here?
There are no some chairs.
There are no chairs. / There aren't any chairs.
There was many people.
There were many people.
There is not some milk.
There isn't any milk.
Will be a party?
Will there be a party?
There has been many changes.
There have been many changes.
There is no point to go.
There is no point in going.
I think that there's a lot of problems.
I think that there are a lot of problems.
There remains some issues.
There remain some issues.
الگوهای جملهسازی
There is a ___ in the ___.
There seems to be a ___ with ___.
Is there any ___ left?
There has been a lot of ___ lately.
Real World Usage
Is there a washing machine in the apartment?
There seems to be a bug in the latest update.
There were several instances where I had to lead the team.
Are there any nuts in this dish?
There's a new trend going around on TikTok.
There has been an accident! Is there a doctor here?
راز "There's"
"It has" نه!
It has a cat in the room.ولی برای نشون دادن وجود یه چیزی، همیشه باید بگی:
There is a cat in the room.
قانون اسم اول
a pen and two books، فعلی که استفاده میکنی معمولاً با اولین چیز لیستت جور درمیاد. مثلاً
There IS a pen and two booksطبیعیتر از
There ARE a pen and two booksشنیده میشه.
Smart Tips
Use 'There seems to be' instead of 'You have'.
Start with 'There was' to paint a picture for the reader.
Just match the verb to the very first noun you say.
Always use 'any' in the question.
تلفظ
The 'There's' Contraction
In natural speech, 'There is' is almost always contracted to 'There's'. The 's' sounds like a /z/.
Linking 'There are'
When saying 'There are', the 'r' in 'there' is often pronounced to link with the 'a' in 'are'.
Rising Intonation for Questions
Is there a ↗️ problem?
Conveys a genuine inquiry or concern.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
T-H-E-R-E: To Highlight Everything Recently Entered.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a stage curtain opening. 'There is' is the person pulling the curtain to show you what is on the stage. The curtain itself isn't the star; the thing behind it is.
Rhyme
If it's one, 'There is' is done. If it's more, 'There are' is the door.
Story
A traveler arrives in a new city. First, they see 'There is a hotel'. Then they notice 'There are many shops'. Finally, they realize 'There has been a festival' because of the decorations.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Look around your room right now. List 5 things using 'There is' and 5 things using 'There are'. Then, turn them into questions.
نکات فرهنگی
Using 'There seems to be...' is a common cultural 'softener'. English speakers often avoid direct confrontation by blaming the existence of a problem rather than the person.
In some dialects, you might hear 'There's' used for everything, regardless of plurality, even more frequently than in standard English.
Existential 'there' is used to maintain an objective, impersonal tone in research papers.
The use of 'there' as a dummy subject dates back to Old English (þær), where it was already used to introduce sentences where the subject was delayed.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Is there anything you would change about your city?
Are there any traditions in your country that outsiders might find strange?
Is there a book or movie that changed your life?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
___ there a charging station near here?
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Find and fix the mistake:
It is a new message on your phone.
Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercises_______ many reasons why I love this city.
How should you mention a possible error?
Find and fix the mistake:
In the fridge it is some milk.
A storm is coming.
1. Is there any coffee? 2. Are there any cookies?
A: Excuse me, _______ a bank near here? B: Yes, _______ one just around the corner.
Select the existential use.
Present Perfect form:
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesThere ___ some cookies on the plate.
Are there a bathroom in this house?
No hay leche en el refrigerador.
گزینه درست رو انتخاب کن:
اینا رو به هم وصل کن:
مرتب کن: Wi-Fi / no / is / there / here / .
___ there any questions?
چطور 'There is a problem' رو طبیعیتر میگی؟
There are ___ flowers in the garden.
There aren't any salt in the soup.
Score: /10
سوالات متداول (8)
In informal spoken English, yes. People often say `There's three people`. However, in formal writing or exams, you must use `There are` for plural nouns.
Use `There is` to introduce something new (`There is a cat`). Use `It is` to describe something we already know about (`It is a black cat`).
The verb usually agrees with the first item. `There is a pen and two books` is common. If the first item is plural, use are: `There are two books and a pen`.
Yes, in formal or literary English, you can use verbs like `exist`, `remain`, `seem`, or `appear`. Example: `There remains one final question.`
Grammatically, it acts as the subject (the 'dummy subject'), but the 'real' or 'logical' subject is the noun that follows the verb.
Put 'will' before 'there'. Example: `Will there be any food at the party?`
`There is no...` is slightly more emphatic and common in formal writing. Both are correct.
No. Use `There has been` for singular/uncountable and `There have been` for plural. Example: `There has been a change` vs `There have been changes`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Hay
English requires subject-verb agreement (is/are), whereas 'Hay' is invariant.
Il y a
French uses the verb 'to have' (avoir), while English uses 'to be'.
Es gibt
The German structure uses 'It' as the subject and 'gives' as the verb, which is very different from English.
あります (arimasu) / います (imasu)
English distinguishes by number (singular/plural), while Japanese distinguishes by 'aliveness'.
هناك (hunāka)
In Arabic, the verb 'to be' is often omitted in the present tense.
有 (yǒu)
Chinese does not use a placeholder like 'there'; the verb 'have' starts the sentence.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
09:14 Your Body Killed Cancer 5 Minutes Ago
07:35 Your Coffee Mug is a Physics Disaster
06:34 The Loophole That Could End The Electoral College
Grammar Lesson. How to make Sentences in English. Word Order in English.
English Lessons with Kate
English Sentence Structure and Word Order in English
English Fluency Journey
English grammar tutorial - Word order - Gramática inglesa
Your English Web: Weekly English video lessons
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