존재문 'There' (There is / There are)
there is/are를 마스터해서 새로운 대상을 자연스럽게 소개하고 존재를 설명하는 데 능숙해지세요. 마치 원어민처럼요!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'There' + 'be' to introduce new information or state that something exists without making it the grammatical subject.
- Use 'There is' for singular nouns and uncountable things: 'There is a fly in my soup.'
- Use 'There are' for plural nouns: 'There are three meetings scheduled today.'
- In questions, swap the order: 'Is there any coffee left?' or 'Are there any concerns?'
Overview
there is (없음) 와이파이가 없다는 것을 깨달은 적이 있나요? 그 작은 공포의 순간은 존재의 there가 가져다준 것입니다. 이것은 존재의 문법입니다. 당신은 어떤 것이 어떤지 설명하는 것이 아니라, 단순히 그것이 세상에 존재한다는 것을 알리는 것입니다. 그것은 마치 손가락으로 무언가를 가리키며 «이봐, 봐! 이게 여기 있어!»라고 말하는 것과 같습니다.there is와 there are를 사용합니다. 우리는 이것을 존재의 there라고 부릅니다. 왜 그럴까요?A cat is on the sofa라고 말하지 않습니다. 그것은 로봇처럼 들립니다.
There is a cat on the sofa.라고 말합니다. 그것이 더 자연스럽게 들립니다. there를 자리 표시자(placeholder)라고 생각하세요.there입니다). 단지 문장 시작 부분의 자리를 지키고 있어서 당신이 세상에 무슨 일이 일어나고 있는지 말할 수 있게 해줍니다. 영화의 오프닝 크레딧과 같습니다.there is 내 주문에 문제가 있습니다.there are 받은 편지함에 세 개의 새 메시지가 있습니다. 이것은 궁극의 대화 시작 도구입니다. 재미있는 사실: 이 규칙이 없다면, 친구의 어깨에 거미가 있다는 것을 there's (있음)라고 알려줄 수도 없을 것입니다.Word Order Rules
there와 함께라면, 진짜 주어는 동사 *뒤*에 옵니다. 패턴은: There + be (동사) + Noun (주어) + 장소/시간입니다.- 단수:
There+is+a/an+ 단수 명사. 예:There is a coffee on the table. - 복수:
There+are+ 복수 명사. 예:There are two dogs in the park.
Is there a fly in my soup? 또는 Are there any tickets left?. 부정형의 경우 단순히 not을 추가합니다: There is not (isn't) any milk. 또는 There are not (aren't) any chairs. 현대의 문자 메시지에서는 단수형에 거의 항상 축약형인 There's를 사용합니다. 하지만 조심하세요!There's three books와 같은 복수형에 there's를 사용하는 것을 피해야 합니다. 실생활에서는 모두가 그렇게 말하지만, 당신의 영어 선생님이 그것을 본다면 가벼운 심장 마비를 일으킬 수도 있습니다. Zoom 면접과 같이 전문적으로 보이고 싶을 때는 복수형에 There are를 사용하세요.How This Grammar Works
there를 «형식상의 주어»라고 생각하세요. 이것은 실제 사람이나 물건이 아닙니다. 단지 문법적인 유령일 뿐입니다.The beach is beautiful이라고만 말하지 않습니다. 팔로워들에게 거기서 무엇을 찾을 수 있는지 말해주고 싶을 것입니다.
There are many palm trees here! 또는 There is a small café nearby.라고 말합니다.there is를 it is와 혼동하는 것입니다. 황금률은 이것입니다: 무언가가 존재한다고 말할 때는 there is를 사용하세요. 이미 도입된 그 물건을 설명할 때는 it is를 사용하세요.There is탁자 위에 새 휴대폰이 있습니다. (거기 있다는 것을 알려주는 것입니다.)It is매우 비쌉니다. (방금 이야기한 그 휴대폰에 대해 설명하는 것입니다.)
there is (있다)라고 말하는 것은 보통 자신이 왜 부엌에 들어왔는지 잊어버렸다는 것을 의미합니다.Formation Pattern
There라는 단어로 시작하세요. 이것이 기초가 됩니다.
is를 사용하세요. 두 개 이상이라면 are를 사용하세요.
is (There is water / There is a bug)
are (There are memes / There are people)
There + is + a party + at my house.
There + are + many stars + in the sky.
There's가 왕입니다. There's a new video on YouTube. 빠르고, 강렬하며, 원어민처럼 들리게 해줍니다. is는 단수 명사를 좋아하고 are는 복수 명사를 좋아한다는 것을 기억하세요. 그들은 파티에서 절대 떨어지려 하지 않는 커플과 같습니다. 공식적인 에세이에서 복수 명사에 is를 쓰는 것은 샌들에 양말을 신는 것과 같습니다. 어떤 사람들은 그렇게 하지만, 확실히 이상한 선택입니다.
Pattern Variations
- 부정형:
not을 추가하세요. 캐주얼한 영어에서는isn't와aren't를 사용합니다. There isn't any Wi-Fi in this café.(21세기 최고의 비극이죠.)There aren't any clean towels.- 의문문: 동사와
there의 위치를 바꾸세요. Is there a charger I can use?Are there any good shows on Netflix right now?- 짧은 답변: 그냥
Yes나No라고만 하지 마세요. 패턴을 사용하세요. Is there a gym in the hotel?
->Yes,
there is.Are there many people at the party?
-> "No,there aren't."- 수량어: 긍정문에는
some을, 부정문과 의문문에는any를 자주 사용합니다. There are some cookies in the kitchen.Are there any cookies left?(당신이 물어볼 가장 중요한 질문입니다.)
Real Conversations
현실 세계에서 이것이 어떻게 쓰이는지 봅시다. 친구와 카페에 있다고 상상해 보세요.
시나리오 1: 카페에서
친구
Is there 우리 앉을 자리 있을까?나
there's 구석에 하나 있어. 그런데 의자가 there aren't 하나도 없네!친구
there are 몇 개 있어. 저거 가져오자.시나리오 2: 온라인으로 음식 주문하기
나
Are there 있을까?룸메이트
there is 하나 있을 거야.나
there's 10달러나 하네. 관두자, 냉장고에 파스타가 there's 좀 있어.시나리오 3: 여행 브이로그
나
There's 멋진 풍경이 있어요. 오늘 There are 관광객이 정말 많지만, 저기 분수대 옆에 there is 조용한 장소가 있네요.보셨죠? 어디에나 있습니다. 틱톡 댓글부터 왓츠앱 단톡방까지, 이 규칙은 기초 영어를 지탱해주는 접착제와 같습니다.
Common Mistakes
- 1
It is의 함정:There is a book on the table이라고 말하고 싶을 때It is a book on the table
이라고 말하지 마세요. 기억하세요:There is= 존재.It is= 식별/설명. - 2철자 실수:
There를Their(그들의) 또는They're(그들은 ~이다)와 혼동하지 마세요. 소리는 같지만 휴대폰의 자동 완성 기능이 조용히 당신을 판단할 것입니다. - 3단수/복수 혼동:
There is many people
이라고 말하는 것. 아주 캐주얼한 속어에서는 흔하지만, 엄밀히 말하면 틀린 것입니다. 문법을 깔끔하게 유지하려면 복수형에는There are를 사용하세요. - 4
A빠뜨리기: 관사를 잊지 마세요!There is car가 아니라There is a car입니다. - 5
Have남용: 많은 언어에서 «고양이를 가지고 있다»라는 식으로 «고양이가 있다»를 표현하지만, 영어에서는 그렇게 하지 않습니다. 그냥there is를 사용하세요.
Quick FAQ
복수형에 There's라고 해도 되나요?
일상적인 대화에서는 괜찮습니다. 하지만 시험에서는 복수형에 항상 There are를 사용하세요.
펜 하나와 연필 두 자루처럼 목록이 있는 경우는 어떻게 하나요?
보통 동사는 목록의 *첫 번째* 항목에 맞춥니다. 따라서 There is a pen and two pencils.라고 합니다.
there가 문장의 주어인가요?
문법적으로는 자리 표시자입니다. 진짜 주어는 동사 뒤에 오는 명사입니다.
과거형으로 there is를 어떻게 말하나요?
be 동사만 바꾸면 됩니다. 단수에는 there was, 복수에는 there were를 사용합니다.
There isn't any 대신 There is no라고 해도 되나요?
네! There is no milk는 완전히 옳고 좀 더 직접적인 느낌을 줍니다.
사람에게 there is를 쓸 수 있나요?
물론입니다! There is a new student in our class는 사람을 소개하는 표준적인 방법입니다.
Existential 'There' across Tenses
| Tense | Singular/Uncountable | Plural |
|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
There is
|
There are
|
|
Past Simple
|
There was
|
There were
|
|
Future (Will)
|
There will be
|
There will be
|
|
Present Perfect
|
There has been
|
There have been
|
|
Past Perfect
|
There had been
|
There had been
|
|
Modals (e.g. might)
|
There might be
|
There might be
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
There is
|
There's
|
Very common in speech/writing
|
|
There are
|
There're
|
Rare in writing, common in fast speech
|
|
There will
|
There'll
|
Common in informal speech
|
|
There is not
|
There isn't / There's not
|
Both are common
|
|
There are not
|
There aren't
|
Standard negative plural
|
Meanings
A construction used to introduce a new topic or to state the existence or presence of something in a particular place or time.
Physical Existence
Stating that an object or person is physically present in a location.
“There is a cat on the roof.”
“There are several cars in the driveway.”
Abstract Existence
Stating the presence of non-physical things like ideas, problems, or feelings.
“There is no hope for a quick resolution.”
“There are many reasons to be optimistic.”
Events and Occurrences
Announcing that an event is happening or will happen.
“There is a party tonight at Sarah's house.”
“There was a massive protest in the city center.”
Availability
Indicating whether something can be used or obtained.
“There is plenty of food in the fridge.”
“Are there any tickets left for the show?”
Complex Existence (B2+)
Using 'there' with modal verbs or verbs of perception to express nuance.
“There might be a delay in your shipment.”
“There appears to have been a mistake in the calculations.”
Reference Table
| 기능 | 단수/셀 수 없는 명사 | 복수 명사 | 예시 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
긍정문
|
`There is / There was`
|
`There are / There were`
|
`There is a cat.` `There are cats.`
|
|
부정문
|
`There isn't / wasn't`
|
`There aren't / weren't`
|
`There isn't a problem.` `There weren't questions.`
|
|
질문
|
`Is there? / Was there?`
|
`Are there? / Were there?`
|
`Is there coffee?` `Were there any emails?`
|
|
미래 시제
|
`There will be`
|
`There will be`
|
`There will be a party.`
|
|
완료 시제
|
`There has been`
|
`There have been`
|
`There has been rain.` `There have been delays.`
|
|
조동사
|
`There might be`
|
`There might be`
|
`There might be a test.`
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
There appears to be a discrepancy in the financial records. (Workplace)
There is a mistake in the accounts. (Workplace)
There's a bit of a mess-up with the numbers. (Workplace)
There's a major glitch in the system. (Workplace)
존재를 나타내는 'There' vs. 장소를 나타내는 'There'
존재를 나타내는 (가주어)
- There is a cat. (고양이가 존재함)
- There are problems. (문제가 존재함)
부사 (장소)
- The cat is there. (고양이의 위치)
- Go over there. (방향)
'There Is/Are' vs. 'It Is' 사용 시점
'There is' 또는 'There are' 선택하기
무언가를 처음 소개하거나 존재를 언급하나요?
뒤따르는 명사구가 단수, 셀 수 없는 명사, 또는 복수인가요?
단수/셀 수 없는 명사라면:
복수 명사라면:
'There is/are'의 용도
새로운 정보
- • There's a notification.
- • There are some changes.
존재
- • There is a God.
- • There are 7 continents.
이용 가능성
- • There isn't much time.
- • Are there seats left?
묘사
- • There is a lake.
- • There are mountains.
수준별 예문
There is a dog in the park.
There are four chairs in the room.
Is there a supermarket near here?
There are no students in the class.
There was a big party last night.
There weren't any eggs in the fridge.
Will there be a test tomorrow?
There is a lot of sugar in this tea.
There has been an accident on the highway.
There is something I need to tell you.
There used to be a cinema on this street.
Is there anything I can do to help?
There appears to be a slight delay with your flight.
There might have been a misunderstanding during the call.
There is no point in arguing about this now.
There are bound to be some objections to the new policy.
There remains much work to be done before the deadline.
There exists a fundamental flaw in your logic.
There arose a sudden conflict between the two factions.
There's no denying that the climate is changing.
There being no further objections, the motion was passed.
Should there be any changes, we will notify you immediately.
There lived an old fisherman by the sea.
There is but one path to true enlightenment.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners use 'It' to introduce new things because their native language uses one word for both.
In fast speech, 'There are' and 'They are' can sound similar.
Many languages (like Spanish or Chinese) use the verb 'to have' for existence.
자주 하는 실수
It is a book on the table.
There is a book on the table.
There is two cats.
There are two cats.
Is a park near here?
Is there a park near here?
There are no some chairs.
There are no chairs. / There aren't any chairs.
There was many people.
There were many people.
There is not some milk.
There isn't any milk.
Will be a party?
Will there be a party?
There has been many changes.
There have been many changes.
There is no point to go.
There is no point in going.
I think that there's a lot of problems.
I think that there are a lot of problems.
There remains some issues.
There remain some issues.
문장 패턴
There is a ___ in the ___.
There seems to be a ___ with ___.
Is there any ___ left?
There has been a lot of ___ lately.
Real World Usage
Is there a washing machine in the apartment?
There seems to be a bug in the latest update.
There were several instances where I had to lead the team.
Are there any nuts in this dish?
There's a new trend going around on TikTok.
There has been an accident! Is there a doctor here?
동사 일치가 핵심이에요!
There are three eggs in the fridge.
'There'를 헷갈리지 마세요!
Look over there!축약형을 활용해 보세요!
문맥이 중요해요!
There is a problem.vs
A problem exists.수동적인 소개 방법
There was an accident on the road.
과도한 사용은 피하세요!
A cat is on the table.대신
There is a cat on the table.도 가능하지만, 때로는 전자가 더 간결할 수 있죠.
Smart Tips
Use 'There seems to be' instead of 'You have'.
Start with 'There was' to paint a picture for the reader.
Just match the verb to the very first noun you say.
Always use 'any' in the question.
발음
The 'There's' Contraction
In natural speech, 'There is' is almost always contracted to 'There's'. The 's' sounds like a /z/.
Linking 'There are'
When saying 'There are', the 'r' in 'there' is often pronounced to link with the 'a' in 'are'.
Rising Intonation for Questions
Is there a ↗️ problem?
Conveys a genuine inquiry or concern.
암기하기
기억법
T-H-E-R-E: To Highlight Everything Recently Entered.
시각적 연상
Imagine a stage curtain opening. 'There is' is the person pulling the curtain to show you what is on the stage. The curtain itself isn't the star; the thing behind it is.
Rhyme
If it's one, 'There is' is done. If it's more, 'There are' is the door.
Story
A traveler arrives in a new city. First, they see 'There is a hotel'. Then they notice 'There are many shops'. Finally, they realize 'There has been a festival' because of the decorations.
Word Web
챌린지
Look around your room right now. List 5 things using 'There is' and 5 things using 'There are'. Then, turn them into questions.
문화 노트
Using 'There seems to be...' is a common cultural 'softener'. English speakers often avoid direct confrontation by blaming the existence of a problem rather than the person.
In some dialects, you might hear 'There's' used for everything, regardless of plurality, even more frequently than in standard English.
Existential 'there' is used to maintain an objective, impersonal tone in research papers.
The use of 'there' as a dummy subject dates back to Old English (þær), where it was already used to introduce sentences where the subject was delayed.
대화 시작하기
Is there anything you would change about your city?
Are there any traditions in your country that outsiders might find strange?
Is there a book or movie that changed your life?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
___ a lot of cars on the road today.
Find and fix the mistake:
There is three main points in her argument.
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercises_______ many reasons why I love this city.
How should you mention a possible error?
Find and fix the mistake:
In the fridge it is some milk.
A storm is coming.
1. Is there any coffee? 2. Are there any cookies?
A: Excuse me, _______ a bank near here? B: Yes, _______ one just around the corner.
Select the existential use.
Present Perfect form:
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesIn my hometown, ___ a beautiful park near the river.
Before the invention of phones, ___ no instant communication.
There was many opportunities for growth in that company.
It is a problem with the Wi-Fi.
Choose the correct sentence:
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Habrá un examen la próxima semana.'
Translate into English: 'No hay ninguna duda.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the situations with the correct existential 'there' form:
Match the beginnings with the correct endings:
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
In informal spoken English, yes. People often say `There's three people`. However, in formal writing or exams, you must use `There are` for plural nouns.
Use `There is` to introduce something new (`There is a cat`). Use `It is` to describe something we already know about (`It is a black cat`).
The verb usually agrees with the first item. `There is a pen and two books` is common. If the first item is plural, use are: `There are two books and a pen`.
Yes, in formal or literary English, you can use verbs like `exist`, `remain`, `seem`, or `appear`. Example: `There remains one final question.`
Grammatically, it acts as the subject (the 'dummy subject'), but the 'real' or 'logical' subject is the noun that follows the verb.
Put 'will' before 'there'. Example: `Will there be any food at the party?`
`There is no...` is slightly more emphatic and common in formal writing. Both are correct.
No. Use `There has been` for singular/uncountable and `There have been` for plural. Example: `There has been a change` vs `There have been changes`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Hay
English requires subject-verb agreement (is/are), whereas 'Hay' is invariant.
Il y a
French uses the verb 'to have' (avoir), while English uses 'to be'.
Es gibt
The German structure uses 'It' as the subject and 'gives' as the verb, which is very different from English.
あります (arimasu) / います (imasu)
English distinguishes by number (singular/plural), while Japanese distinguishes by 'aliveness'.
هناك (hunāka)
In Arabic, the verb 'to be' is often omitted in the present tense.
有 (yǒu)
Chinese does not use a placeholder like 'there'; the verb 'have' starts the sentence.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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관련 동영상
Your Body Killed Cancer 5 Minutes Ago
Your Coffee Mug is a Physics Disaster
The Loophole That Could End The Electoral College
Grammar Lesson. How to make Sentences in English. Word Order in English.
English Lessons with Kate
English Sentence Structure and Word Order in English
English Fluency Journey
English grammar tutorial - Word order - Gramática inglesa
Your English Web: Weekly English video lessons
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