다르게 말하는 방법 (즉)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use phrases like 'in other words' to explain a complex idea more simply or to clarify your meaning for the listener.
- Use 'In other words' to simplify a previous statement. Example: 'He's a polyglot; in other words, he speaks many languages.'
- Use 'That is to say' for formal clarification. Example: 'The results were inconclusive, that is to say, we need more data.'
- Always place a comma after these phrases when they start a new sentence or clause.
Overview
in other words나 I mean 같은 표현을 써서 헷갈리는 생각과 명확한 생각 사이의 간격을 메웁니다. 자신의 말에 자막을 다는 것과 비슷해요.in other words가 방금 대화를 살려냈습니다. 바꾸어 말하기란 같은 내용을 두 번 말하되, 두 번째에는 다른 단어를 사용하는 기술입니다.How This Grammar Works
I am feeling under the weather라고 말하면 친구가 그 관용구를 모를 수도 있습니다. 그래서 접속사를 사용합니다.
In other words, 저 몸이 안 좋아요. 사실을 바꾸는 것이 아닙니다.Formation Pattern
In other words, That is, 또는 I mean입니다.
In other words, [더 명확한 생각].
식당 예약이 꽉 찼어요. In other words, 오늘 밤 거기서 밥을 먹을 수 없어요.
과제가 아주 많아요. I mean, 저 정말 바빠요.
When To Use It
- 문자/데이팅 앱: 조금 못되게 들릴 수 있는 농담을 했다면, «I mean, 농담이야!»라고 덧붙여 분위기를 살릴 수 있습니다.
- 직장/Zoom 회의: 업무를 설명했는데 동료들이 멍해 보인다면, «In other words, 금요일까지 보고서를 끝내야 한다는 뜻이에요»라고 말하세요.
- 소셜 미디어: 심오한 인용구를 설명하기 위해 인스타그램 캡션에 사용해 보세요. «인생은 여정이다. In other words, 목적지에 대해 너무 걱정하지 마세요.»
- 여행: 음식을 주문할 때 종업원이 «유제품 안 돼요»라는 요청을 이해하지 못한다면, «In other words, 우유나 치즈는 넣지 말아 주세요»라고 말할 수 있습니다.
- 게임: «보스의 방어력이 높아. Put differently, 아직 필살기를 쓰지 마.»
Common Mistakes
- 쉼표 누락: 이것은 문자 메시지에서 가장 흔한 실수입니다. 사람들은
In other words I am tired
라고 씁니다. 쉼표가 없으면 너무 서두르는 느낌을 줍니다. 빵 없는 햄버거를 먹는 것과 같아요. 먹을 수는 있지만 엉망이 되죠. - 새로운 정보에 사용하기: 완전히 다른 주제를 도입하기 위해
in other words를 사용하지 마세요.
- 과도한 격식: 평범한 WhatsApp 채팅에서
That is to say를 사용하면 19세기 교수님처럼 들립니다. 친구들에게는I mean이나In other words를 쓰세요. - 남용하기: 모든 문장 뒤에 접속사를 사용하면 고장 난 레코드판처럼 들릴 것입니다. 정말 설명이 필요한 순간을 위해 아껴두세요.
- 잘못된 접속사:
I mean은 자신을 고칠 때 아주 좋습니다.In other words는 어려운 개념을 설명할 때 더 좋죠. 상황에 맞지 않는다면 서로 바꾸어 쓰지 마세요.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- Vs.
For example:In other words는 생각 '전체'를 다시 설명합니다.For example은 생각의 '일부'만 보여줍니다. - «난 과일을 좋아해. For example, 사과를 좋아해.» (특정한 한 가지 품목)
- «난 과일을 좋아해. In other words, 건강한 간식을 먹어.» (일반적인 습관에 대한 설명)
- Vs.
Because:Because는 이유를 말합니다.In other words는 정의나 더 쉬운 버전을 말합니다. - «난 집에 있을 거야 because 비가 오거든.» (이유)
- «난 집에 있을 거야. In other words, 난 파티에 안 갈 거야.» (단순화)
- Vs.
So:So는 결과를 보여줍니다.In other words는 다시 말하기를 보여줍니다. - «늦었어, so 난 자러 갈 거야.» (결과)
- «늦었네. In other words, 파티는 끝났어.» (다시 말하기)
Quick FAQ
in other words는 격식 있는 표현인가요?
중간 정도입니다. 상사에게도, 가장 친한 친구에게도 쓸 수 있어요. 아주 안전한 표현입니다!
문자에서 i.e.를 써도 되나요?
아주 짧게 쓰거나 전문적인 내용을 다룰 때만 쓰세요. i.e.는 라틴어 *id est*의 약자로, «즉»이라는 뜻입니다. 평범한 DM에서는 그냥 I mean이라고 쓰세요.
무언가를 바꾸어 말하는 가장 짧은 방법은 무엇인가요?
I mean을 쓰세요. 단 두 단어이며 거의 모든 비격식적인 상황에서 통합니다.
접속사 뒤에는 항상 완전한 문장이 필요한가요?
보통은 그렇습니다. 하지만 비격식적인 대화에서는 단어나 구만 사용하기도 합니다. 비싸네. In other words, 바가지야.
put differently는 자주 쓰이나요?
조금 더 멋스러운 표현입니다. 에세이나 블로그 포스트에서 조금 더 세련되게 보이고 싶을 때 사용해 보세요.
Common Reformulation Markers by Register
| Register | Marker | Function | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Informal
|
Basically
|
To simplify a long story
|
Basically, we're lost.
|
|
Neutral
|
In other words
|
To restate for clarity
|
He's a CEO; in other words, the boss.
|
|
Neutral
|
To put it simply
|
To explain technical terms
|
To put it simply, it's broken.
|
|
Formal
|
That is to say
|
To define precisely
|
It is mandatory; that is to say, required.
|
|
Formal
|
Namely
|
To list specific items
|
Two colors, namely, red and blue.
|
|
Academic
|
Specifically
|
To narrow down a topic
|
We studied birds, specifically, eagles.
|
Common Abbreviations
| Abbreviation | Full Latin | English Meaning | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|---|
|
i.e.
|
id est
|
That is / In other words
|
Used to clarify a definition.
|
|
viz.
|
videlicet
|
Namely / To wit
|
Very formal, used for lists.
|
Meanings
Connective phrases used to introduce a second statement that explains or simplifies the preceding one.
Simplification
Taking a technical or complex idea and making it easier to understand.
“The software uses an asynchronous architecture. In other words, it doesn't wait for one task to finish before starting the next.”
Formal Clarification
Providing a more precise definition of a term just used.
“We need to improve our fiscal responsibility, that is to say, we must stop overspending.”
Specific Identification
Naming specific members of a group previously mentioned.
“Three students were chosen, namely, Sarah, John, and Alex.”
Reference Table
| 표현 | 의미 | 주요 용도 | 격식 |
|---|---|---|---|
|
`in other words`
|
다시 말해서/간단히 말해
|
일반적인 명확화/단순화
|
다용도 (중간)
|
|
`that is to say`
|
즉/더 정확히 말해
|
진술을 명확히 하거나 상세히 설명
|
약간 격식 있음
|
|
`to put it another way`
|
다른 식으로 말하자면
|
대안적인 관점 제시
|
다용도 (중간)
|
|
`put differently`
|
다르게 표현하자면
|
더 간단하거나 다른 관점 제공
|
다용도 (중간)
|
|
`namely`
|
즉/구체적으로 말해
|
특정 항목이나 세부 사항 소개
|
더 격식 있음
|
|
`i.e.`
|
즉/다시 말해
|
정확하게 명시하거나 명확히 설명
|
격식/학술적
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
The project is not fiscally viable; that is to say, the costs exceed our budget. (Business discussion)
The project is too expensive. In other words, we can't afford it. (Business discussion)
Basically, it's too much money. (Business discussion)
Bottom line: we're broke. (Business discussion)
영어로 명확히 설명하고 바꿔 말하는 방법
일반적인 바꿔 말하기
- `in other words` 단순화하거나 다르게 진술하기
- `to put it another way` 대안적인 표현 제공하기
구체적인 명확화
- `that is to say` 상세히 설명하거나 정확하게 만들기
- `namely` 특정 예시 소개하기
- `i.e.` 라틴어로 '즉'; 구체적으로 명시하기
핵심적인 차이점
- `i.e.` vs `e.g.` 명확화 vs. 예시
명확화 표현 선택하기
다시 말해야 할까요?
당신의 진술이 잠재적으로 불분명하거나 너무 복잡한가요?
일반적으로 단순화하거나 바꿔 말할 필요가 있나요?
함의를 상세히 설명하거나 구체화할 필요가 있나요?
특정 예시나 세부 사항을 소개할 필요가 있나요?
명확화 표현
일반적인 명확화
- • `in other words`
- • `to put it another way`
- • `put differently`
구체적인 상세 설명
- • `that is to say`
- • `namely`
- • `i.e.`
예시를 들 때
- • `e.g.`
- • `for example`
문장 부호 팁
- • 도입구 뒤에 쉼표
- • 절을 연결할 때 세미콜론
수준별 예문
I like fruit. I mean, I like apples.
The shop is closed. I mean, no shopping today.
He is my brother. I mean, my big brother.
I am busy. I mean, I have no time.
The movie was boring. Basically, nothing happened.
He is a vegetarian. So, he doesn't eat meat.
I'm lost. I mean, I don't know this street.
She's a doctor. Basically, she helps sick people.
The project is over budget. In other words, we spent too much money.
He is a polyglot. In other words, he speaks many languages.
The water is potable. In other words, you can drink it.
I'm feeling under the weather. In other words, I'm sick.
The results were inconclusive; that is to say, we need to repeat the test.
To put it simply, the engine is dead.
The policy is mandatory, that is, everyone must follow it.
We need to diversify our portfolio; to put it another way, don't put all your eggs in one basket.
The witness was unreliable, namely, he changed his story three times.
The architecture is monolithic, which is to say, it lacks modularity.
He suffers from insomnia, or to be more precise, sleep-onset association disorder.
The treaty was signed by three nations, specifically, France, Germany, and Italy.
The protagonist's hubris—or, to use the vernacular, his big ego—leads to his downfall.
The fiscal stimulus was, in a manner of speaking, a drop in the ocean.
The law is retroactive, viz., it applies to events that occurred before it was passed.
Her performance was transcendent; that is, it went beyond the boundaries of ordinary experience.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners use 'i.e.' (that is) when they want to give an example, and 'e.g.' (for example) when they want to clarify.
Learners use 'actually' to restate a point, but 'actually' is for correcting or adding surprise.
Namely is used for a complete list of specific things already mentioned. For example is for just one or two possibilities.
자주 하는 실수
I like cats, I mean dogs.
I like cats. No, I mean dogs.
I mean is it's cold.
I mean, it's cold.
I mean... (used every 3 words)
Use it only when clarifying.
I mean that I am happy.
I mean, I am happy.
Basically he is nice.
Basically, he is nice.
He is a doctor so he helps people.
He is a doctor; so, he helps people.
Basically, I am go home.
Basically, I am going home.
I mean, it is a big dog, for example, a Husky.
It is a big dog, for example, a Husky.
He is a polyglot, in other words, he speaks many languages.
He is a polyglot; in other words, he speaks many languages.
In other words oranges are orange.
In other words, oranges are orange.
I like sports in other words football.
I like sports, specifically football.
He is late, in another words, he is not here.
He is late; in other words, he is not here.
We need three things, namely: bread, milk, and eggs.
We need three things, namely, bread, milk, and eggs.
The viz. results were good.
The results, viz., the scores, were good.
He is a doctor, that is to say he works in a hospital.
He is a doctor, that is to say, he works in a hospital.
The car is red, specifically, it is crimson.
The car is red; specifically, it is crimson.
문장 패턴
The ___ was ___; in other words, ___.
To put it simply, ___.
We need to ___, that is to say, ___.
There are two ___, namely, ___ and ___.
Real World Usage
I am very detail-oriented; in other words, I never miss a deadline.
Basically, I'm not coming.
The data is skewed, namely, the outliers are affecting the mean.
I'm allergic to nuts; in other words, no peanuts please.
To put it simply, your hard drive is broken.
The Party of the First Part, namely, the Landlord...
문장 부호는 정말 중요해요!
in other words, it took hours to read.'처럼요. 문장의 흐름을 명확하게 해주는 역할을 한답니다.`i.e.`와 `e.g.`를 헷갈리지 마세요!
i.e.는 '다시 말해서'(명확화)이고, e.g.는 '예를 들어'(예시)라는 걸 꼭 기억하세요. 'I need some fruit, e.g., apples.'와 'I need a red fruit, i.e., an apple.'처럼요. 이걸 헷갈리면 의미가 완전히 달라질 수 있어요.간결하고 강력하게 사용하세요!
in other words, we hit all our targets.'라고 하면 핵심을 빠르게 전달할 수 있죠. Zoom 회의처럼 빠르게 소통해야 할 때 특히 유용해요.글로벌 소통의 뉘앙스
that is to say, define each point precisely.'처럼 자주 쓰인답니다. 국제 비즈니스나 학술 환경에서 특히 유용하겠죠.소리 내어 읽어보세요!
to put it another way, we couldn't find a clear pattern.'처럼요. 만약 어색하거나 불필요하게 느껴진다면, 과하게 사용했거나 잘못된 표현을 골랐을 수도 있어요.Smart Tips
Immediately follow it with 'in other words' and a simpler definition to keep your reader engaged.
Use 'namely' instead of 'like' to sound more professional and precise.
Use 'I mean' to buy yourself a few seconds to think of a better way to say what you just said.
Replace 'Basically' with 'To put it simply' to avoid sounding too casual or dismissive.
발음
The 'In other words' pause
There is always a slight pause after 'words' before continuing the sentence. This is represented by the comma.
Linking 'That is'
In 'That is to say', the 't' in 'that' and the 'i' in 'is' often link together in American English to sound like a soft 'd'.
Rising-Falling
In other words (rise), he's late (fall).
The rise on 'words' signals that a clarification is coming.
암기하기
기억법
I.O.W. = It's One Way (to say it differently).
시각적 연상
Imagine a bridge connecting a giant, heavy stone (a complex word) to a light, fluffy feather (a simple word). The bridge is labeled 'In other words'.
Rhyme
If your meaning isn't clear and you want to be heard, just start your next sentence with 'In other words'.
Story
A professor was giving a lecture about 'nocturnal felines'. The students looked confused. He stopped, smiled, and said, 'In other words, cats that stay awake at night.' Suddenly, everyone understood.
Word Web
챌린지
Write a sentence about your job using a very difficult technical word, then use 'In other words' to explain it to a 5-year-old.
문화 노트
British speakers often use 'that is to say' more frequently in semi-formal speech than Americans, who prefer 'in other words'.
In Western academia, over-using 'basically' is seen as a sign of poor vocabulary. Students are encouraged to use 'specifically' or 'namely'.
Using 'to put it another way' is a common 'softening' technique in meetings to avoid sounding too aggressive when repeating a point.
The phrase 'in other words' has been used in English since the 1300s, appearing in Middle English texts to introduce translations or paraphrases.
대화 시작하기
Can you describe your job in one sentence, and then say 'In other words' to explain it to a child?
What is a 'polyglot'? Use 'that is to say' in your answer.
If you had to explain 'cryptocurrency' to your grandmother, how would you start with 'Basically'?
Name three things you can't live without, using 'namely'.
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
The new app is very user-friendly, ___, it's simple enough for anyone to use.
that is to say는 이전 진술을 명확히 하거나 단순화하는 데 사용됩니다. namely는 구체적인 예시를 소개하고, e.g.는 '예를 들어'를 의미합니다.Find and fix the mistake:
All students must bring essential supplies e.g., a laptop, pens, and paper.
e.g.는 예시를 들 때 사용됩니다. 원문은 e.g.를 올바르게 사용했지만, 괄호 안의 문장 부호가 누락되었습니다. 수정된 문장은 문장 부호를 올바르게 포함합니다.올바른 문장을 고르세요:
namely는 앞선 절을 상세히 설명하는 목록을 소개할 때 보통 콜론이나 세미콜론이 앞에 와야 합니다.Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesThe results were negative; ___, the patient is healthy.
The atmospheric pressure is dropping rapidly. ___ it's going to rain.
Find and fix the mistake:
I have two brothers, in other words, Mike and Sam.
The financial obligations of the contract are currently exceeding our liquid assets.
You should always use a comma after 'In other words' at the start of a sentence.
Connect the following:
A: 'The software is incompatible with your OS.' B: '___, I can't use it?'
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe project deadline is flexible, ___, we can submit it next week if needed.
He has a lot of hobbies i.e., hiking, cycling, and reading.
어떤 문장이 올바른가요?
'El objetivo principal, es decir, el más importante, es reducir los costes.'를 영어로 번역하세요.
이 단어들을 배열하여 문장을 만드세요:
표현과 그 기능을 연결하세요:
We need to focus on sustainable practices, ___, methods that protect the environment.
The car was a vintage model; in other words it was very old.
`namely`를 올바르게 사용한 문장을 고르세요.
'Ella es mi amiga, es decir, la conozco desde la infancia.'를 영어로 번역하세요.
이 단어들을 배열하여 문장을 만드세요:
The new policy affects all employees, ___, everyone from management to interns.
Score: /12
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Yes, it is very common. Just make sure to follow it with a comma: `In other words, it's over.`
`i.e.` means 'that is' (clarification), while `e.g.` means 'for example' (illustration).
It can be if used to dismiss someone's complex point. In professional settings, use `to put it simply` instead.
If you are joining two full sentences into one, yes. Otherwise, use a period and start a new sentence.
Usually, 'namely' is used for a list, but it can be used for one thing if that thing is the specific identity of what you just mentioned.
No, 'I mean' is considered too informal for academic writing. Use `that is to say` or `in other words`.
It is a very formal abbreviation for 'namely'. You will mostly see it in old books or legal papers.
Try not to use it more than once or twice per page. Overuse makes your writing look like you can't explain things clearly the first time.
Scaffolded Practice
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Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
En otras palabras / Es decir
Spanish speakers often use 'o sea' as a filler, similar to 'I mean', but much more frequently.
En d'autres termes / C'est-à-dire
French often uses 'soit' in mathematical or very formal logic contexts where English would use 'namely'.
Mit anderen Worten / Das heißt
German word order (V2) must be maintained after these connectors if they are part of the main clause.
言い換えれば (Iikaereba) / つまり (Tsumari)
Japanese connectors often appear at the very start of a sentence to set the logical frame for everything that follows.
بمعنى آخر (Bima'na akhar)
Arabic also uses 'ay' (أي) as a very short, formal particle to mean 'that is' or 'namely'.
换句话说 (Huàn jù huà shuō)
Chinese often uses 'jiùshì' (就是) in casual speech to mean 'that is' or 'I mean'.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
관련 동영상
Will laser blasters ever be possible? - Christopher Baird
DnD Really Is Therapy
The Single Bolt of Lightning that Killed 835 Sheep
in other words, that is to say, namely, i.e., e.g. 차이점 | 헷갈리는 영어 표현 정리
라이브 아카데미
헷갈리는 영어 표현 i.e. vs e.g. vs that is to say vs in other words
올리버쌤
영어회화 | in other words, that is to say, namely, i.e., e.g. 차이점
스피킹튜브
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