Comment dire les choses différemment (En d'autres termes)
idées complexes avec une précision cristalline et une confiance inébranlable, peu importe le contexte.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use phrases like 'in other words' to explain a complex idea more simply or to clarify your meaning for the listener.
- Use 'In other words' to simplify a previous statement. Example: 'He's a polyglot; in other words, he speaks many languages.'
- Use 'That is to say' for formal clarification. Example: 'The results were inconclusive, that is to say, we need more data.'
- Always place a comma after these phrases when they start a new sentence or clause.
Overview
in other words ou I mean pour combler le fossé entre une idée confuse et une idée claire.in other words vient de sauver la conversation. La reformulation est l'art de dire la même chose deux fois mais en utilisant des mots différents la seconde fois.How This Grammar Works
Formation Pattern
In other words, That is ou I mean.
In other words, [Pensée plus claire].
In other words, nous ne pouvons pas y manger ce soir. »
I mean, je suis très occupé. »
When To Use It
- SMS/Applications de rencontre : Si vous faites une blague qui semble un peu méchante, vous pouvez enchaîner avec « I mean, I'm just kidding! » pour sauver l'ambiance.
- Travail/Appels Zoom : Si vous expliquez une tâche et que vous voyez vos collègues avoir l'air perdus, dites : « In other words, we need to finish the report by Friday. »
- Réseaux sociaux : Utilisez-le dans les légendes Instagram pour expliquer une citation profonde. « La vie est un voyage. In other words, ne t'inquiète pas pour la destination. »
- Voyage : En commandant de la nourriture, si le serveur ne comprend pas votre demande « sans produits laitiers », vous pouvez dire : « In other words, no milk or cheese, please. »
- Jeux vidéo : « Le boss a une défense élevée. Put differently, ne gaspille pas encore ton coup ultime. »
Common Mistakes
- La virgule manquante : C'est l'erreur la plus courante à l'écrit. Les gens écrivent « In other words I am tired. » Sans la virgule, cela semble précipité. C'est comme manger un burger sans le pain. Ça marche, mais c'est brouillon.
- L'utiliser pour de nouvelles infos : N'utilisez pas
in other wordspour introduire un sujet complètement différent.
- Trop de formalité : Utiliser
That is to saydans une discussion WhatsApp décontractée donne l'impression que vous êtes un professeur du 19ème siècle. Tenez-vous-en àI meanouIn other wordspour vos amis. - En abuser : Si vous utilisez un connecteur après chaque phrase, vous aurez l'air d'un disque rayé. Gardez-le pour les moments qui nécessitent vraiment une clarification.
- Mauvais connecteur :
I meanest idéal pour se corriger soi-même.In other wordsest meilleur pour expliquer un concept difficile. Ne les inversez pas si le contexte ne s'y prête pas.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- Vs. « For example » :
In other wordsréexplique l'idée *entière*.For examplene donne qu'une *partie* de l'idée. - « J'aime les fruits. For example, j'aime les pommes. » (Un élément spécifique)
- « J'aime les fruits. In other words, je mange des collations saines. » (Explication de l'habitude générale)
- Vs. « Because » :
Becausedonne une raison.In other wordsdonne une définition ou une version plus simple. - « Je reste à la maison because il pleut. » (Raison)
- « Je reste à la maison. In other words, je ne viens pas à la fête. » (Simplification)
- Vs. « So » :
Somontre un résultat.In other wordsmontre une reformulation. - « Il est tard, so je vais me coucher. » (Résultat)
- « Il est tard. In other words, la fête est finie. » (Reformulation)
Quick FAQ
in other words est formel ?R: C'est entre les deux. Vous pouvez l'utiliser avec votre patron ou votre meilleur ami. C'est très sûr !
i.e. dans un SMS ?R: Seulement si vous êtes très bref ou technique. i.e. vient du latin *id est*, qui signifie « c'est-à-dire ». Dans un message privé décontracté, tapez simplement I mean.
R: Utilisez I mean. C'est seulement deux mots et cela fonctionne dans presque toutes les situations informelles.
R: Généralement, oui. Mais à l'oral, on peut parfois utiliser juste un mot ou une expression. « C'est cher. In other words, une arnaque. »
put differently est courant ?R: C'est un peu plus élégant. Utilisez-le quand vous voulez paraître un peu plus sophistiqué dans une dissertation ou un article de blog.
Common Reformulation Markers by Register
| Register | Marker | Function | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Informal
|
Basically
|
To simplify a long story
|
Basically, we're lost.
|
|
Neutral
|
In other words
|
To restate for clarity
|
He's a CEO; in other words, the boss.
|
|
Neutral
|
To put it simply
|
To explain technical terms
|
To put it simply, it's broken.
|
|
Formal
|
That is to say
|
To define precisely
|
It is mandatory; that is to say, required.
|
|
Formal
|
Namely
|
To list specific items
|
Two colors, namely, red and blue.
|
|
Academic
|
Specifically
|
To narrow down a topic
|
We studied birds, specifically, eagles.
|
Common Abbreviations
| Abbreviation | Full Latin | English Meaning | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|---|
|
i.e.
|
id est
|
That is / In other words
|
Used to clarify a definition.
|
|
viz.
|
videlicet
|
Namely / To wit
|
Very formal, used for lists.
|
Meanings
Connective phrases used to introduce a second statement that explains or simplifies the preceding one.
Simplification
Taking a technical or complex idea and making it easier to understand.
“The software uses an asynchronous architecture. In other words, it doesn't wait for one task to finish before starting the next.”
Formal Clarification
Providing a more precise definition of a term just used.
“We need to improve our fiscal responsibility, that is to say, we must stop overspending.”
Specific Identification
Naming specific members of a group previously mentioned.
“Three students were chosen, namely, Sarah, John, and Alex.”
Reference Table
| Phrase | Signification | Usage Principal | Niveau de Formalité |
|---|---|---|---|
|
`in other words`
|
Pour reformuler/simplifier
|
Clarification générale/simplification
|
Polyvalent (Moyen)
|
|
`that is to say`
|
Pour expliquer plus précisément
|
Clarifier ou élaborer une déclaration
|
Légèrement Formel
|
|
`to put it another way`
|
Pour reformuler différemment
|
Offrir une perspective alternative
|
Polyvalent (Moyen)
|
|
`put differently`
|
Pour exprimer d'une manière alternative
|
Fournir un point de vue plus simple ou distinct
|
Polyvalent (Moyen)
|
|
`namely`
|
Spécifiquement/par nom
|
Introduire des éléments ou des détails spécifiques
|
Plus Formel
|
|
`i.e.`
|
C'est-à-dire / En d'autres termes
|
Spécifier ou clarifier précisément
|
Formel/Académique
|
Spectre de formalité
The project is not fiscally viable; that is to say, the costs exceed our budget. (Business discussion)
The project is too expensive. In other words, we can't afford it. (Business discussion)
Basically, it's too much money. (Business discussion)
Bottom line: we're broke. (Business discussion)
Façons de Clarifier et Reformuler en Anglais
Reformulation Générale
- `in other words` Pour simplifier ou énoncer différemment
- `to put it another way` Pour offrir une formulation alternative
Clarification Spécifique
- `that is to say` Pour élaborer ou préciser
- `namely` Pour introduire des exemples spécifiques
- `i.e.` Latin pour 'c'est-à-dire' ; spécifie
Différence Clé
- `i.e.` vs `e.g.` Clarification vs Exemple
Choisir ton Clarificateur
Dois-tu Reformuler ?
Ta déclaration est-elle potentiellement peu claire ou trop complexe ?
As-tu besoin de simplifier/reformuler de manière générale ?
As-tu besoin d'élaborer ou de spécifier une implication ?
As-tu besoin d'introduire des exemples ou des détails spécifiques ?
Expressions de Clarification
Clarification Générale
- • `in other words`
- • `to put it another way`
- • `put differently`
Élaboration Spécifique
- • `that is to say`
- • `namely`
- • `i.e.`
Pour les Exemples
- • `e.g.`
- • `for example`
Conseils de Ponctuation
- • Virgule après l'expression introductive
- • Point-virgule pour lier les propositions
Exemples par niveau
I like fruit. I mean, I like apples.
The shop is closed. I mean, no shopping today.
He is my brother. I mean, my big brother.
I am busy. I mean, I have no time.
The movie was boring. Basically, nothing happened.
He is a vegetarian. So, he doesn't eat meat.
I'm lost. I mean, I don't know this street.
She's a doctor. Basically, she helps sick people.
The project is over budget. In other words, we spent too much money.
He is a polyglot. In other words, he speaks many languages.
The water is potable. In other words, you can drink it.
I'm feeling under the weather. In other words, I'm sick.
The results were inconclusive; that is to say, we need to repeat the test.
To put it simply, the engine is dead.
The policy is mandatory, that is, everyone must follow it.
We need to diversify our portfolio; to put it another way, don't put all your eggs in one basket.
The witness was unreliable, namely, he changed his story three times.
The architecture is monolithic, which is to say, it lacks modularity.
He suffers from insomnia, or to be more precise, sleep-onset association disorder.
The treaty was signed by three nations, specifically, France, Germany, and Italy.
The protagonist's hubris—or, to use the vernacular, his big ego—leads to his downfall.
The fiscal stimulus was, in a manner of speaking, a drop in the ocean.
The law is retroactive, viz., it applies to events that occurred before it was passed.
Her performance was transcendent; that is, it went beyond the boundaries of ordinary experience.
Facile à confondre
Learners use 'i.e.' (that is) when they want to give an example, and 'e.g.' (for example) when they want to clarify.
Learners use 'actually' to restate a point, but 'actually' is for correcting or adding surprise.
Namely is used for a complete list of specific things already mentioned. For example is for just one or two possibilities.
Erreurs courantes
I like cats, I mean dogs.
I like cats. No, I mean dogs.
I mean is it's cold.
I mean, it's cold.
I mean... (used every 3 words)
Use it only when clarifying.
I mean that I am happy.
I mean, I am happy.
Basically he is nice.
Basically, he is nice.
He is a doctor so he helps people.
He is a doctor; so, he helps people.
Basically, I am go home.
Basically, I am going home.
I mean, it is a big dog, for example, a Husky.
It is a big dog, for example, a Husky.
He is a polyglot, in other words, he speaks many languages.
He is a polyglot; in other words, he speaks many languages.
In other words oranges are orange.
In other words, oranges are orange.
I like sports in other words football.
I like sports, specifically football.
He is late, in another words, he is not here.
He is late; in other words, he is not here.
We need three things, namely: bread, milk, and eggs.
We need three things, namely, bread, milk, and eggs.
The viz. results were good.
The results, viz., the scores, were good.
He is a doctor, that is to say he works in a hospital.
He is a doctor, that is to say, he works in a hospital.
The car is red, specifically, it is crimson.
The car is red; specifically, it is crimson.
Structures de phrases
The ___ was ___; in other words, ___.
To put it simply, ___.
We need to ___, that is to say, ___.
There are two ___, namely, ___ and ___.
Real World Usage
I am very detail-oriented; in other words, I never miss a deadline.
Basically, I'm not coming.
The data is skewed, namely, the outliers are affecting the mean.
I'm allergic to nuts; in other words, no peanuts please.
To put it simply, your hard drive is broken.
The Party of the First Part, namely, the Landlord...
La Ponctuation, c'est Essentiel
The report was extensive; in other words, it took hours to read.
Attention à ne pas Confondre `i.e.` et `e.g.`
i.e. signifie 'in other words' (pour clarifier), et e.g. signifie 'for example' (pour illustrer). Les mélanger peut complètement changer ton sens, par exemple : The main issue (i.e., lack of funding) was discussed.ou
Activities (e.g., hiking) are good for health.
Pour l'Impact et la Brièveté
To put it another way, we need to act fast.
Nuances de Communication Globale
The project aims for global reach, that is to say, it targets all markets.
Lis tes Écrits à Voix Haute
Smart Tips
Immediately follow it with 'in other words' and a simpler definition to keep your reader engaged.
Use 'namely' instead of 'like' to sound more professional and precise.
Use 'I mean' to buy yourself a few seconds to think of a better way to say what you just said.
Replace 'Basically' with 'To put it simply' to avoid sounding too casual or dismissive.
Prononciation
The 'In other words' pause
There is always a slight pause after 'words' before continuing the sentence. This is represented by the comma.
Linking 'That is'
In 'That is to say', the 't' in 'that' and the 'i' in 'is' often link together in American English to sound like a soft 'd'.
Rising-Falling
In other words (rise), he's late (fall).
The rise on 'words' signals that a clarification is coming.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
I.O.W. = It's One Way (to say it differently).
Association visuelle
Imagine a bridge connecting a giant, heavy stone (a complex word) to a light, fluffy feather (a simple word). The bridge is labeled 'In other words'.
Rhyme
If your meaning isn't clear and you want to be heard, just start your next sentence with 'In other words'.
Story
A professor was giving a lecture about 'nocturnal felines'. The students looked confused. He stopped, smiled, and said, 'In other words, cats that stay awake at night.' Suddenly, everyone understood.
Word Web
Défi
Write a sentence about your job using a very difficult technical word, then use 'In other words' to explain it to a 5-year-old.
Notes culturelles
British speakers often use 'that is to say' more frequently in semi-formal speech than Americans, who prefer 'in other words'.
In Western academia, over-using 'basically' is seen as a sign of poor vocabulary. Students are encouraged to use 'specifically' or 'namely'.
Using 'to put it another way' is a common 'softening' technique in meetings to avoid sounding too aggressive when repeating a point.
The phrase 'in other words' has been used in English since the 1300s, appearing in Middle English texts to introduce translations or paraphrases.
Amorces de conversation
Can you describe your job in one sentence, and then say 'In other words' to explain it to a child?
What is a 'polyglot'? Use 'that is to say' in your answer.
If you had to explain 'cryptocurrency' to your grandmother, how would you start with 'Basically'?
Name three things you can't live without, using 'namely'.
Sujets d'écriture
Erreurs courantes
Test Yourself
The new app is very user-friendly, ___, it's simple enough for anyone to use.
That is to say est utilisé pour clarifier ou simplifier l'énoncé précédent. Namely introduit des exemples spécifiques, et e.g. signifie 'for example'.Find and fix the mistake:
All students must bring essential supplies e.g., a laptop, pens, and paper.
E.g. est utilisé pour donner des exemples. La phrase originale utilisait e.g. correctement, mais manquait de ponctuation pour la parenthèse. La phrase corrigée inclut correctement la ponctuation.Choisis la phrase correcte :
Namely nécessite généralement un deux-points ou un point-virgule avant quand il introduit une liste qui élabore sur la proposition précédente.Score: /3
Exercices pratiques
8 exercisesThe results were negative; ___, the patient is healthy.
The atmospheric pressure is dropping rapidly. ___ it's going to rain.
Find and fix the mistake:
I have two brothers, in other words, Mike and Sam.
The financial obligations of the contract are currently exceeding our liquid assets.
You should always use a comma after 'In other words' at the start of a sentence.
Connect the following:
A: 'The software is incompatible with your OS.' B: '___, I can't use it?'
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe project deadline is flexible, ___, we can submit it next week if needed.
He has a lot of hobbies i.e., hiking, cycling, and reading.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate into English: 'El objetivo principal, es decir, el más importante, es reducir los costes.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the phrases with their functions:
We need to focus on sustainable practices, ___, methods that protect the environment.
The car was a vintage model; in other words it was very old.
Which sentence correctly uses `namely`?
Translate into English: 'Ella es mi amiga, es decir, la conozco desde la infancia.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
The new policy affects all employees, ___, everyone from management to interns.
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
Yes, it is very common. Just make sure to follow it with a comma: `In other words, it's over.`
`i.e.` means 'that is' (clarification), while `e.g.` means 'for example' (illustration).
It can be if used to dismiss someone's complex point. In professional settings, use `to put it simply` instead.
If you are joining two full sentences into one, yes. Otherwise, use a period and start a new sentence.
Usually, 'namely' is used for a list, but it can be used for one thing if that thing is the specific identity of what you just mentioned.
No, 'I mean' is considered too informal for academic writing. Use `that is to say` or `in other words`.
It is a very formal abbreviation for 'namely'. You will mostly see it in old books or legal papers.
Try not to use it more than once or twice per page. Overuse makes your writing look like you can't explain things clearly the first time.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
En otras palabras / Es decir
Spanish speakers often use 'o sea' as a filler, similar to 'I mean', but much more frequently.
En d'autres termes / C'est-à-dire
French often uses 'soit' in mathematical or very formal logic contexts where English would use 'namely'.
Mit anderen Worten / Das heißt
German word order (V2) must be maintained after these connectors if they are part of the main clause.
言い換えれば (Iikaereba) / つまり (Tsumari)
Japanese connectors often appear at the very start of a sentence to set the logical frame for everything that follows.
بمعنى آخر (Bima'na akhar)
Arabic also uses 'ay' (أي) as a very short, formal particle to mean 'that is' or 'namely'.
换句话说 (Huàn jù huà shuō)
Chinese often uses 'jiùshì' (就是) in casual speech to mean 'that is' or 'I mean'.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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