'There' Existencial (Há / Tem)
there is/are para apresentar novos assuntos e descrever a existência de forma fluida, como um nativo. É a chave para soar natural e fluente.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'There' + 'be' to introduce new information or state that something exists without making it the grammatical subject.
- Use 'There is' for singular nouns and uncountable things: 'There is a fly in my soup.'
- Use 'There are' for plural nouns: 'There are three meetings scheduled today.'
- In questions, swap the order: 'Is there any coffee left?' or 'Are there any concerns?'
Overview
there is (não há) Wi-Fi? Esse pequeno momento de pânico é-lhe trazido pelo there existencial. É a gramática da existência.Ei, olha! Isto está aqui!
there is e there are para introduzir nova informação. Chamamos a isto o there existencial. Porquê?A cat is on the sofa. Isso soa a um robô.
There is a cat on the sofa. Soa mais natural. Pense no there como um marcador de posição. Não significa ali (esse é outro there).there is um problema com o meu pedido. Ou, there are três novas mensagens na sua caixa de entrada.there's (há) uma aranha no ombro dele. E, na verdade, que tipo de amigo seria então?Word Order Rules
there existencial, o sujeito real vem *depois* do verbo. O padrão é: There + be (verbo) + Noun (sujeito) + Lugar/Tempo.- Singular:
There+is+a/an+ substantivo singular. Exemplo:There is a coffee on the table. - Plural:
There+are+ substantivo plural. Exemplo:There are two dogs in the park.
Is there a fly in my soup? ou Are there any tickets left?. Para negativas, basta adicionar not: There is not (isn't) any milk. ou There are not (aren't) any chairs. Nas mensagens de texto modernas, usamos quase sempre a contração There's para o singular. Mas tenha cuidado!there's para coisas no plural como There's three books. Embora toda a gente o diga na vida real, o seu professor de inglês pode ter um pequeno ataque cardíaco se escrever assim. Use There are para os plurais quando estiver a tentar parecer profissional, como numa entrevista de trabalho no Zoom.How This Grammar Works
there como um sujeito fictício. Não é uma pessoa ou coisa real. É apenas um fantasma gramatical.The beach is beautiful. Quer dizer aos seus seguidores o que podem encontrar lá. Diz:
There are many palm trees here! ou There is a small café nearby. Está a introduzir estas coisas na conversa.there is com it is. Aqui está a regra de ouro: use there is para dizer que algo existe. Use it is para descrever essa coisa depois de já a ter introduzido.There isum telemóvel novo em cima da mesa. (Estou a dizer-lhe que ele está lá.)It ismuito caro. (Estou a descrever o telemóvel de que acabámos de falar.)
there is (há) uma razão para tudo significa geralmente que se esqueceu de por que razão entrou na cozinha.Formation Pattern
There. Isto funciona como a sua base.
is. Se vir duas ou mais, use are.
is (There is water / There is a bug)
are (There are memes / There are people)
There + is + a party + at my house.
There + are + many stars + in the sky.
There's é o rei. There's a new video on YouTube. É rápido, é direto e faz com que soe como um falante nativo. Lembre-se apenas de que o is adora substantivos singulares e o are adora substantivos plurais. Eles são como aquele casal numa festa que se recusa a separar-se. Se colocar is com um substantivo plural num ensaio formal, é como usar meias com sandálias — algumas pessoas fazem-no, mas é definitivamente uma escolha duvidosa.
Pattern Variations
- A Negativa: Adicione
not. No inglês informal, usamosisn'tearen't. There isn't any Wi-Fi in this café.(A tragédia final do século XXI.)There aren't any clean towels.- A Pergunta: Inverta o verbo e o
there. Is there a charger I can use?Are there any good shows on Netflix right now?- A Resposta Curta: Não diga apenas
YesouNo. Use o padrão. Is there a gym in the hotel?
->Yes,
there is.Are there many people at the party?
-> "No,there aren't."- Palavras de Quantidade: Usamos frequentemente
somepara frases positivas eanypara negativas e perguntas. There are some cookies in the kitchen.Are there any cookies left?(A pergunta mais importante que alguma vez fará.)
Real Conversations
Vamos ver como isto se parece no mundo real. Imagine que está num café com um amigo.
Cenário 1: Num Café
Amigo
Is there uma mesa para nós?Tu
there's uma no canto. Mas there aren't nenhumas cadeiras!Amigo
there are algumas cadeiras perto da janela. Vamos buscá-las.Cenário 2: Encomendar comida online
Tu
Are there hambúrgueres vegans nesta aplicação?Colega
there is uma opção naquele sítio novo.Tu
there's uma taxa de entrega de 10$. Esquece, there's um pouco de massa no frigorífico.Cenário 3: Vlogging de viagens
Tu
There's uma vista incrível atrás de mim. There are tantos turistas hoje, mas there is um lugar calmo ali junto à fonte.Vê? Está em todo o lado. Dos comentários do TikTok aos grupos de WhatsApp, esta regra é a cola que mantém o inglês básico unido.
Common Mistakes
- 1A armadilha do
It is: Não digaIt is a book on the table
quando quer dizerThere is a book on the table. Lembre-se:There is= existência.It is= identificação/descrição. - 2O erro de ortografia: Não confunda
TherecomTheir(deles) ouThey're(eles são). Soam ao mesmo, mas o corretor automático do seu telemóvel irá julgá-lo silenciosamente. - 3Confusão Singular/Plural: Dizer
There is many people
. Embora comum em gíria muito informal, é tecnicamente errado. UseThere arepara os plurais. - 4O
Aem falta: Não se esqueça do artigo! Não éThere is car. ÉThere is a car. - 5Abusar do
Have: Em muitas línguas, diz-seTem um gatopara dizerHá um gato. Em inglês, não fazemos isso. Basta usarthere is.
Quick FAQ
P: Posso dizer There's para coisas no plural?
R: Na fala informal, sim. Mas num exame, use sempre There are para os plurais.
P: E se eu tiver uma lista de coisas, como uma caneta e dois lápis?
R: Normalmente, o verbo concorda com o *primeiro* item da lista. Portanto, There is a pen and two pencils.
P: O there é o sujeito da frase?
R: Gramaticalmente, é um marcador de posição. O sujeito real é o substantivo que vem depois do verbo.
P: Como digo there is no passado?
R: Basta mudar o verbo be. Use there was para o singular e there were para o plural.
P: Não há problema em dizer There is no em vez de There isn't any?
R: Sim! There is no milk é perfeitamente correto e soa um pouco mais direto.
P: Posso usar there is para pessoas?
R: Com certeza! There is a new student in our class é a forma padrão de apresentar pessoas.
Existential 'There' across Tenses
| Tense | Singular/Uncountable | Plural |
|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
There is
|
There are
|
|
Past Simple
|
There was
|
There were
|
|
Future (Will)
|
There will be
|
There will be
|
|
Present Perfect
|
There has been
|
There have been
|
|
Past Perfect
|
There had been
|
There had been
|
|
Modals (e.g. might)
|
There might be
|
There might be
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Note |
|---|---|---|
|
There is
|
There's
|
Very common in speech/writing
|
|
There are
|
There're
|
Rare in writing, common in fast speech
|
|
There will
|
There'll
|
Common in informal speech
|
|
There is not
|
There isn't / There's not
|
Both are common
|
|
There are not
|
There aren't
|
Standard negative plural
|
Meanings
A construction used to introduce a new topic or to state the existence or presence of something in a particular place or time.
Physical Existence
Stating that an object or person is physically present in a location.
“There is a cat on the roof.”
“There are several cars in the driveway.”
Abstract Existence
Stating the presence of non-physical things like ideas, problems, or feelings.
“There is no hope for a quick resolution.”
“There are many reasons to be optimistic.”
Events and Occurrences
Announcing that an event is happening or will happen.
“There is a party tonight at Sarah's house.”
“There was a massive protest in the city center.”
Availability
Indicating whether something can be used or obtained.
“There is plenty of food in the fridge.”
“Are there any tickets left for the show?”
Complex Existence (B2+)
Using 'there' with modal verbs or verbs of perception to express nuance.
“There might be a delay in your shipment.”
“There appears to have been a mistake in the calculations.”
Reference Table
| Função | Singular/Incontável | Plural | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Afirmativo
|
`There is / There was`
|
`There are / There were`
|
`There is a cat.` `There are cats.`
|
|
Negativo
|
`There isn't / wasn't`
|
`There aren't / weren't`
|
`There isn't a problem.` `There weren't questions.`
|
|
Pergunta
|
`Is there? / Was there?`
|
`Are there? / Were there?`
|
`Is there coffee?` `Were there any emails?`
|
|
Futuro
|
`There will be`
|
`There will be`
|
`There will be a party.`
|
|
Tempos Perfeitos
|
`There has been`
|
`There have been`
|
`There has been rain.` `There have been delays.`
|
|
Verbos Modais
|
`There might be`
|
`There might be`
|
`There might be a test.`
|
Espectro de formalidade
There appears to be a discrepancy in the financial records. (Workplace)
There is a mistake in the accounts. (Workplace)
There's a bit of a mess-up with the numbers. (Workplace)
There's a major glitch in the system. (Workplace)
O 'There' Existencial vs. o 'There' de Localização
Existencial (Sujeito Vazio)
- There is a cat. (o gato existe)
- There are problems. (os problemas existem)
Advérbio (Localização)
- The cat is there. (localização do gato)
- Go over there. (direção)
Quando Usar 'There Is/Are' vs. 'It Is'
Escolhendo 'There is' ou 'There are'
Você está introduzindo algo pela primeira vez ou declarando sua existência?
A frase substantiva que segue é singular, incontável ou plural?
Se singular/incontável:
Se plural:
Usos de 'There is/are'
Informação Nova
- • There's a notification.
- • There are some changes.
Existência
- • There is a God.
- • There are 7 continents.
Disponibilidade
- • There isn't much time.
- • Are there seats left?
Descrições
- • There is a lake.
- • There are mountains.
Exemplos por nível
There is a dog in the park.
There are four chairs in the room.
Is there a supermarket near here?
There are no students in the class.
There was a big party last night.
There weren't any eggs in the fridge.
Will there be a test tomorrow?
There is a lot of sugar in this tea.
There has been an accident on the highway.
There is something I need to tell you.
There used to be a cinema on this street.
Is there anything I can do to help?
There appears to be a slight delay with your flight.
There might have been a misunderstanding during the call.
There is no point in arguing about this now.
There are bound to be some objections to the new policy.
There remains much work to be done before the deadline.
There exists a fundamental flaw in your logic.
There arose a sudden conflict between the two factions.
There's no denying that the climate is changing.
There being no further objections, the motion was passed.
Should there be any changes, we will notify you immediately.
There lived an old fisherman by the sea.
There is but one path to true enlightenment.
Fácil de confundir
Learners use 'It' to introduce new things because their native language uses one word for both.
In fast speech, 'There are' and 'They are' can sound similar.
Many languages (like Spanish or Chinese) use the verb 'to have' for existence.
Erros comuns
It is a book on the table.
There is a book on the table.
There is two cats.
There are two cats.
Is a park near here?
Is there a park near here?
There are no some chairs.
There are no chairs. / There aren't any chairs.
There was many people.
There were many people.
There is not some milk.
There isn't any milk.
Will be a party?
Will there be a party?
There has been many changes.
There have been many changes.
There is no point to go.
There is no point in going.
I think that there's a lot of problems.
I think that there are a lot of problems.
There remains some issues.
There remain some issues.
Padrões de frases
There is a ___ in the ___.
There seems to be a ___ with ___.
Is there any ___ left?
There has been a lot of ___ lately.
Real World Usage
Is there a washing machine in the apartment?
There seems to be a bug in the latest update.
There were several instances where I had to lead the team.
Are there any nuts in this dish?
There's a new trend going around on TikTok.
There has been an accident! Is there a doctor here?
Concordância é Essencial
There are two books on the table.
Não Confunda 'There'
Look over there!Use as Contrações sem Medo
O Contexto é Tudo
A solution exists for this problem.
Introdução Suave
aja. É frequentemente usado quando a existência de algo é mais importante do que quem ou o que a causou. There was an accident on the highway.
Evite o Uso Excessivo
Many people gathered for the protest.
Smart Tips
Use 'There seems to be' instead of 'You have'.
Start with 'There was' to paint a picture for the reader.
Just match the verb to the very first noun you say.
Always use 'any' in the question.
Pronúncia
The 'There's' Contraction
In natural speech, 'There is' is almost always contracted to 'There's'. The 's' sounds like a /z/.
Linking 'There are'
When saying 'There are', the 'r' in 'there' is often pronounced to link with the 'a' in 'are'.
Rising Intonation for Questions
Is there a ↗️ problem?
Conveys a genuine inquiry or concern.
Memorize
Mnemônico
T-H-E-R-E: To Highlight Everything Recently Entered.
Associação visual
Imagine a stage curtain opening. 'There is' is the person pulling the curtain to show you what is on the stage. The curtain itself isn't the star; the thing behind it is.
Rhyme
If it's one, 'There is' is done. If it's more, 'There are' is the door.
Story
A traveler arrives in a new city. First, they see 'There is a hotel'. Then they notice 'There are many shops'. Finally, they realize 'There has been a festival' because of the decorations.
Word Web
Desafio
Look around your room right now. List 5 things using 'There is' and 5 things using 'There are'. Then, turn them into questions.
Notas culturais
Using 'There seems to be...' is a common cultural 'softener'. English speakers often avoid direct confrontation by blaming the existence of a problem rather than the person.
In some dialects, you might hear 'There's' used for everything, regardless of plurality, even more frequently than in standard English.
Existential 'there' is used to maintain an objective, impersonal tone in research papers.
The use of 'there' as a dummy subject dates back to Old English (þær), where it was already used to introduce sentences where the subject was delayed.
Iniciadores de conversa
Is there anything you would change about your city?
Are there any traditions in your country that outsiders might find strange?
Is there a book or movie that changed your life?
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
___ a lot of cars on the road today.
Find and fix the mistake:
There is three main points in her argument.
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /3
Exercicios praticos
8 exercises_______ many reasons why I love this city.
How should you mention a possible error?
Find and fix the mistake:
In the fridge it is some milk.
A storm is coming.
1. Is there any coffee? 2. Are there any cookies?
A: Excuse me, _______ a bank near here? B: Yes, _______ one just around the corner.
Select the existential use.
Present Perfect form:
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesIn my hometown, ___ a beautiful park near the river.
Before the invention of phones, ___ no instant communication.
There was many opportunities for growth in that company.
It is a problem with the Wi-Fi.
Choose the correct sentence:
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Habrá un examen la próxima semana.'
Translate into English: 'No hay ninguna duda.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the situations with the correct existential 'there' form:
Match the beginnings with the correct endings:
Score: /12
Perguntas frequentes (8)
In informal spoken English, yes. People often say `There's three people`. However, in formal writing or exams, you must use `There are` for plural nouns.
Use `There is` to introduce something new (`There is a cat`). Use `It is` to describe something we already know about (`It is a black cat`).
The verb usually agrees with the first item. `There is a pen and two books` is common. If the first item is plural, use are: `There are two books and a pen`.
Yes, in formal or literary English, you can use verbs like `exist`, `remain`, `seem`, or `appear`. Example: `There remains one final question.`
Grammatically, it acts as the subject (the 'dummy subject'), but the 'real' or 'logical' subject is the noun that follows the verb.
Put 'will' before 'there'. Example: `Will there be any food at the party?`
`There is no...` is slightly more emphatic and common in formal writing. Both are correct.
No. Use `There has been` for singular/uncountable and `There have been` for plural. Example: `There has been a change` vs `There have been changes`.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Hay
English requires subject-verb agreement (is/are), whereas 'Hay' is invariant.
Il y a
French uses the verb 'to have' (avoir), while English uses 'to be'.
Es gibt
The German structure uses 'It' as the subject and 'gives' as the verb, which is very different from English.
あります (arimasu) / います (imasu)
English distinguishes by number (singular/plural), while Japanese distinguishes by 'aliveness'.
هناك (hunāka)
In Arabic, the verb 'to be' is often omitted in the present tense.
有 (yǒu)
Chinese does not use a placeholder like 'there'; the verb 'have' starts the sentence.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Vídeos relacionados
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Your Coffee Mug is a Physics Disaster
The Loophole That Could End The Electoral College
Grammar Lesson. How to make Sentences in English. Word Order in English.
English Lessons with Kate
English Sentence Structure and Word Order in English
English Fluency Journey
English grammar tutorial - Word order - Gramática inglesa
Your English Web: Weekly English video lessons
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