B2 Sentence Structure 13 min read Fácil

'There' Existencial (Há / Tem)

Domine there is/are para apresentar novos assuntos e descrever a existência de forma fluida, como um nativo. É a chave para soar natural e fluente.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'There' + 'be' to introduce new information or state that something exists without making it the grammatical subject.

  • Use 'There is' for singular nouns and uncountable things: 'There is a fly in my soup.'
  • Use 'There are' for plural nouns: 'There are three meetings scheduled today.'
  • In questions, swap the order: 'Is there any coffee left?' or 'Are there any concerns?'
There + Verb (be/seem/appear) + Real Subject + Location/Context 📍

Overview

Já olhou para o seu telemóvel e percebeu que there is (não há) Wi-Fi? Esse pequeno momento de pânico é-lhe trazido pelo there existencial. É a gramática da existência.
Não está a descrever como algo é; está simplesmente a anunciar que existe no mundo. É como um dedo a apontar para algo e a dizer:
Ei, olha! Isto está aqui!
Em inglês, usamos there is e there are para introduzir nova informação. Chamamos a isto o there existencial. Porquê?
Porque fala da existência das coisas. Se entrar numa sala e vir um gato no sofá, não diz
A cat is on the sofa
. Isso soa a um robô.
Diz: There is a cat on the sofa. Soa mais natural. Pense no there como um marcador de posição. Não significa ali (esse é outro there).
Apenas guarda o lugar no início da frase para que possa dizer ao mundo o que se está a passar. É como os créditos iniciais de um filme. Diz-lhe quem e o que está no ecrã antes de a ação começar.
Usa isto quando quer mencionar uma pessoa, um objeto ou até uma ideia abstrata pela primeira vez. Por exemplo, there is um problema com o meu pedido. Ou, there are três novas mensagens na sua caixa de entrada.
É o derradeiro iniciador de conversa. Facto engraçado: sem esta regra, não poderia dizer ao seu amigo que there's (há) uma aranha no ombro dele. E, na verdade, que tipo de amigo seria então?

Word Order Rules

A ordem das palavras aqui é muito específica. Normalmente, em inglês, o sujeito vem primeiro. Mas com o there existencial, o sujeito real vem *depois* do verbo. O padrão é: There + be (verbo) + Noun (sujeito) + Lugar/Tempo.
  • Singular: There + is + a/an + substantivo singular. Exemplo: There is a coffee on the table.
  • Plural: There + are + substantivo plural. Exemplo: There are two dogs in the park.
Se quiser fazer uma pergunta, basta trocar as duas primeiras palavras: Is there a fly in my soup? ou Are there any tickets left?. Para negativas, basta adicionar not: There is not (isn't) any milk. ou There are not (aren't) any chairs. Nas mensagens de texto modernas, usamos quase sempre a contração There's para o singular. Mas tenha cuidado!
Na escrita formal, deve evitar there's para coisas no plural como There's three books. Embora toda a gente o diga na vida real, o seu professor de inglês pode ter um pequeno ataque cardíaco se escrever assim. Use There are para os plurais quando estiver a tentar parecer profissional, como numa entrevista de trabalho no Zoom.

How This Grammar Works

Pense no there como um sujeito fictício. Não é uma pessoa ou coisa real. É apenas um fantasma gramatical.
O seu único trabalho é introduzir o sujeito real que o segue. Imagine que é um vlogger de viagens. Chega a uma praia linda.
Não diz simplesmente
The beach is beautiful
. Quer dizer aos seus seguidores o que podem encontrar lá. Diz: There are many palm trees here! ou There is a small café nearby. Está a introduzir estas coisas na conversa.
Um dos maiores obstáculos para os alunos é confundir there is com it is. Aqui está a regra de ouro: use there is para dizer que algo existe. Use it is para descrever essa coisa depois de já a ter introduzido.
  • There is um telemóvel novo em cima da mesa. (Estou a dizer-lhe que ele está lá.)
  • It is muito caro. (Estou a descrever o telemóvel de que acabámos de falar.)
Se os misturar, pode soar um pouco como um erro do Google Translate de 2012. Humoristicamente, dizer que there is (há) uma razão para tudo significa geralmente que se esqueceu de por que razão entrou na cozinha.

Formation Pattern

1
Configurar estas frases é como construir com peças de Lego. É um processo simples de 3 passos:
2
Comece com a palavra There. Isto funciona como a sua base.
3
Escolha o verbo com base na quantidade. Se vir uma coisa, use is. Se vir duas ou mais, use are.
4
Singular/Incontável: is (There is water / There is a bug)
5
Plural: are (There are memes / There are people)
6
Adicione o substantivo (aquilo de que está a falar) e quaisquer detalhes extras como onde está.
7
There + is + a party + at my house.
8
There + are + many stars + in the sky.
9
Na fala informal, There's é o rei. There's a new video on YouTube. É rápido, é direto e faz com que soe como um falante nativo. Lembre-se apenas de que o is adora substantivos singulares e o are adora substantivos plurais. Eles são como aquele casal numa festa que se recusa a separar-se. Se colocar is com um substantivo plural num ensaio formal, é como usar meias com sandálias — algumas pessoas fazem-no, mas é definitivamente uma escolha duvidosa.

Pattern Variations

A vida não é apenas sobre o que *está* lá; às vezes é sobre o que *não* está.
  • A Negativa: Adicione not. No inglês informal, usamos isn't e aren't.
  • There isn't any Wi-Fi in this café. (A tragédia final do século XXI.)
  • There aren't any clean towels.
  • A Pergunta: Inverta o verbo e o there.
  • Is there a charger I can use?
  • Are there any good shows on Netflix right now?
  • A Resposta Curta: Não diga apenas Yes ou No. Use o padrão.
  • Is there a gym in the hotel?
    ->
    Yes, there is.
  • Are there many people at the party?
    -> "No, there aren't."
  • Palavras de Quantidade: Usamos frequentemente some para frases positivas e any para negativas e perguntas.
  • There are some cookies in the kitchen.
  • Are there any cookies left? (A pergunta mais importante que alguma vez fará.)
Usar estas variações torna o seu inglês flexível. Pode navegar numa viagem de Uber ou verificar uma aplicação de entrega de comida sem soar como se estivesse a ler um livro de texto dos anos 50.

Real Conversations

Vamos ver como isto se parece no mundo real. Imagine que está num café com um amigo.

Cenário 1: Num Café

A

Amigo

Is there uma mesa para nós?
T

Tu

Sim, there's uma no canto. Mas there aren't nenhumas cadeiras!
A

Amigo

Olha, there are algumas cadeiras perto da janela. Vamos buscá-las.

Cenário 2: Encomendar comida online

T

Tu

Are there hambúrgueres vegans nesta aplicação?
C

Colega

Acho que there is uma opção naquele sítio novo.
T

Tu

Oh espera, there's uma taxa de entrega de 10$. Esquece, there's um pouco de massa no frigorífico.

Cenário 3: Vlogging de viagens

T

Tu

Olá pessoal! There's uma vista incrível atrás de mim. There are tantos turistas hoje, mas there is um lugar calmo ali junto à fonte.

Vê? Está em todo o lado. Dos comentários do TikTok aos grupos de WhatsApp, esta regra é a cola que mantém o inglês básico unido.

Common Mistakes

Até os profissionais se enganam às vezes. Aqui estão os grandes erros a vigiar:
  1. 1A armadilha do It is: Não diga
    It is a book on the table
    quando quer dizer There is a book on the table. Lembre-se: There is = existência. It is = identificação/descrição.
  2. 2O erro de ortografia: Não confunda There com Their (deles) ou They're (eles são). Soam ao mesmo, mas o corretor automático do seu telemóvel irá julgá-lo silenciosamente.
  3. 3Confusão Singular/Plural: Dizer
    There is many people
    . Embora comum em gíria muito informal, é tecnicamente errado. Use There are para os plurais.
  4. 4O A em falta: Não se esqueça do artigo! Não é There is car. É There is a car.
  5. 5Abusar do Have: Em muitas línguas, diz-se Tem um gato para dizer Há um gato. Em inglês, não fazemos isso. Basta usar there is.

Quick FAQ

P: Posso dizer There's para coisas no plural?

R: Na fala informal, sim. Mas num exame, use sempre There are para os plurais.

P: E se eu tiver uma lista de coisas, como uma caneta e dois lápis?

R: Normalmente, o verbo concorda com o *primeiro* item da lista. Portanto, There is a pen and two pencils.

P: O there é o sujeito da frase?

R: Gramaticalmente, é um marcador de posição. O sujeito real é o substantivo que vem depois do verbo.

P: Como digo there is no passado?

R: Basta mudar o verbo be. Use there was para o singular e there were para o plural.

P: Não há problema em dizer There is no em vez de There isn't any?

R: Sim! There is no milk é perfeitamente correto e soa um pouco mais direto.

P: Posso usar there is para pessoas?

R: Com certeza! There is a new student in our class é a forma padrão de apresentar pessoas.

Existential 'There' across Tenses

Tense Singular/Uncountable Plural
Present Simple
There is
There are
Past Simple
There was
There were
Future (Will)
There will be
There will be
Present Perfect
There has been
There have been
Past Perfect
There had been
There had been
Modals (e.g. might)
There might be
There might be

Common Contractions

Full Form Contraction Usage Note
There is
There's
Very common in speech/writing
There are
There're
Rare in writing, common in fast speech
There will
There'll
Common in informal speech
There is not
There isn't / There's not
Both are common
There are not
There aren't
Standard negative plural

Meanings

A construction used to introduce a new topic or to state the existence or presence of something in a particular place or time.

1

Physical Existence

Stating that an object or person is physically present in a location.

“There is a cat on the roof.”

“There are several cars in the driveway.”

2

Abstract Existence

Stating the presence of non-physical things like ideas, problems, or feelings.

“There is no hope for a quick resolution.”

“There are many reasons to be optimistic.”

3

Events and Occurrences

Announcing that an event is happening or will happen.

“There is a party tonight at Sarah's house.”

“There was a massive protest in the city center.”

4

Availability

Indicating whether something can be used or obtained.

“There is plenty of food in the fridge.”

“Are there any tickets left for the show?”

5

Complex Existence (B2+)

Using 'there' with modal verbs or verbs of perception to express nuance.

“There might be a delay in your shipment.”

“There appears to have been a mistake in the calculations.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 'There' Existencial (Há / Tem)
Função Singular/Incontável Plural Exemplo
Afirmativo
`There is / There was`
`There are / There were`
`There is a cat.` `There are cats.`
Negativo
`There isn't / wasn't`
`There aren't / weren't`
`There isn't a problem.` `There weren't questions.`
Pergunta
`Is there? / Was there?`
`Are there? / Were there?`
`Is there coffee?` `Were there any emails?`
Futuro
`There will be`
`There will be`
`There will be a party.`
Tempos Perfeitos
`There has been`
`There have been`
`There has been rain.` `There have been delays.`
Verbos Modais
`There might be`
`There might be`
`There might be a test.`

Espectro de formalidade

Formal
There appears to be a discrepancy in the financial records.

There appears to be a discrepancy in the financial records. (Workplace)

Neutro
There is a mistake in the accounts.

There is a mistake in the accounts. (Workplace)

Informal
There's a bit of a mess-up with the numbers.

There's a bit of a mess-up with the numbers. (Workplace)

Gíria
There's a major glitch in the system.

There's a major glitch in the system. (Workplace)

O 'There' Existencial vs. o 'There' de Localização

'THERE'

Existencial (Sujeito Vazio)

  • There is a cat. (o gato existe)
  • There are problems. (os problemas existem)

Advérbio (Localização)

  • The cat is there. (localização do gato)
  • Go over there. (direção)

Quando Usar 'There Is/Are' vs. 'It Is'

There is/are
There's a new café. (Apresentando algo novo)
There are many options. (Declarando existência/disponibilidade)
It is
It's amazing! (Referindo-se a algo já conhecido)
It's Tuesday. (Falando sobre tempo/clima/distância)

Escolhendo 'There is' ou 'There are'

1

Você está introduzindo algo pela primeira vez ou declarando sua existência?

YES
Use 'There is/are'
NO
Considere sujeito + verbo direto ou 'It is'
2

A frase substantiva que segue é singular, incontável ou plural?

YES
NO
3

Se singular/incontável:

YES
Use 'There is' (ou 'was', 'will be', etc.)
NO
4

Se plural:

YES
Use 'There are' (ou 'were', 'will be', etc.)
NO

Usos de 'There is/are'

Informação Nova

  • There's a notification.
  • There are some changes.
✔️

Existência

  • There is a God.
  • There are 7 continents.

Disponibilidade

  • There isn't much time.
  • Are there seats left?
🖼️

Descrições

  • There is a lake.
  • There are mountains.

Exemplos por nível

1

There is a dog in the park.

2

There are four chairs in the room.

3

Is there a supermarket near here?

4

There are no students in the class.

1

There was a big party last night.

2

There weren't any eggs in the fridge.

3

Will there be a test tomorrow?

4

There is a lot of sugar in this tea.

1

There has been an accident on the highway.

2

There is something I need to tell you.

3

There used to be a cinema on this street.

4

Is there anything I can do to help?

1

There appears to be a slight delay with your flight.

2

There might have been a misunderstanding during the call.

3

There is no point in arguing about this now.

4

There are bound to be some objections to the new policy.

1

There remains much work to be done before the deadline.

2

There exists a fundamental flaw in your logic.

3

There arose a sudden conflict between the two factions.

4

There's no denying that the climate is changing.

1

There being no further objections, the motion was passed.

2

Should there be any changes, we will notify you immediately.

3

There lived an old fisherman by the sea.

4

There is but one path to true enlightenment.

Fácil de confundir

Existential 'There' (There is / There are) vs There vs. It

Learners use 'It' to introduce new things because their native language uses one word for both.

Existential 'There' (There is / There are) vs There vs. They

In fast speech, 'There are' and 'They are' can sound similar.

Existential 'There' (There is / There are) vs There vs. Have

Many languages (like Spanish or Chinese) use the verb 'to have' for existence.

Erros comuns

It is a book on the table.

There is a book on the table.

Use 'there' to introduce existence.

There is two cats.

There are two cats.

Verb must agree with the plural noun.

Is a park near here?

Is there a park near here?

You cannot omit 'there' in this structure.

There are no some chairs.

There are no chairs. / There aren't any chairs.

Don't use 'some' with 'no' or 'not'.

There was many people.

There were many people.

Past tense plural agreement.

There is not some milk.

There isn't any milk.

Use 'any' in negative sentences.

Will be a party?

Will there be a party?

Future questions still need the dummy subject 'there'.

There has been many changes.

There have been many changes.

Present perfect plural agreement.

There is no point to go.

There is no point in going.

Incorrect preposition/gerund use with this specific 'there' idiom.

I think that there's a lot of problems.

I think that there are a lot of problems.

While 'there's' is common in speech for plurals, it's technically incorrect in B1+ writing.

There remains some issues.

There remain some issues.

Formal verbs like 'remain' must also agree with the plural subject.

Padrões de frases

There is a ___ in the ___.

There seems to be a ___ with ___.

Is there any ___ left?

There has been a lot of ___ lately.

Real World Usage

Booking an Airbnb very common

Is there a washing machine in the apartment?

Tech Support common

There seems to be a bug in the latest update.

Job Interview occasional

There were several instances where I had to lead the team.

Ordering Food constant

Are there any nuts in this dish?

Social Media very common

There's a new trend going around on TikTok.

Emergency occasional

There has been an accident! Is there a doctor here?

💡

Concordância é Essencial

Sempre confira se o substantivo *depois* de 'there is/are' é singular ou plural. O verbo 'be' deve concordar *com esse substantivo*, não com 'there'. É o erro mais comum!
There are two books on the table.
⚠️

Não Confunda 'There'

Lembre-se, o 'there' existencial não se refere a um lugar. Se você quer dizer 'lá' como uma localização, é um 'there' diferente. Mantenha-os separados! Look over there!
🎯

Use as Contrações sem Medo

Na fala casual e na escrita informal, 'there's' é quase universalmente usado para 'there is'. Sinta-se à vontade para usá-lo; isso te faz soar muito mais natural e fluente. 'There're' é menos comum. "There's a good movie tonight."
🌍

O Contexto é Tudo

A escolha entre 'There is' e 'A subject exists' pode mudar sutilmente o tom. 'There is' é geralmente mais neutro e introduz novas informações, enquanto 'A subject exists' pode soar mais formal ou enfático. Escolha com sabedoria, dependendo do seu público!
A solution exists for this problem.
💡

Introdução Suave

Pense em 'there is/are' como uma ótima maneira de introduzir informações sem que um sujeito específico aja. É frequentemente usado quando a existência de algo é mais importante do que quem ou o que a causou.
There was an accident on the highway.
⚠️

Evite o Uso Excessivo

Embora útil, não dependa apenas de 'there is/are'. Às vezes, uma construção de frase mais direta é mais clara e concisa. Varie suas estruturas de frase para manter sua escrita interessante!
Many people gathered for the protest.

Smart Tips

Use 'There seems to be' instead of 'You have'.

You have a mistake in your email. There seems to be a mistake in your email.

Start with 'There was' to paint a picture for the reader.

A dark forest was ahead. There was a dark forest ahead.

Just match the verb to the very first noun you say.

There are a chair and some tables. There is a chair and some tables.

Always use 'any' in the question.

Is there some milk? Is there any milk?

Pronúncia

/ðɛərz/

The 'There's' Contraction

In natural speech, 'There is' is almost always contracted to 'There's'. The 's' sounds like a /z/.

/ðɛərɑːr/

Linking 'There are'

When saying 'There are', the 'r' in 'there' is often pronounced to link with the 'a' in 'are'.

Rising Intonation for Questions

Is there a ↗️ problem?

Conveys a genuine inquiry or concern.

Memorize

Mnemônico

T-H-E-R-E: To Highlight Everything Recently Entered.

Associação visual

Imagine a stage curtain opening. 'There is' is the person pulling the curtain to show you what is on the stage. The curtain itself isn't the star; the thing behind it is.

Rhyme

If it's one, 'There is' is done. If it's more, 'There are' is the door.

Story

A traveler arrives in a new city. First, they see 'There is a hotel'. Then they notice 'There are many shops'. Finally, they realize 'There has been a festival' because of the decorations.

Word Web

existencepresenceavailabilityoccurrenceplaceholderdummy subject

Desafio

Look around your room right now. List 5 things using 'There is' and 5 things using 'There are'. Then, turn them into questions.

Notas culturais

Using 'There seems to be...' is a common cultural 'softener'. English speakers often avoid direct confrontation by blaming the existence of a problem rather than the person.

In some dialects, you might hear 'There's' used for everything, regardless of plurality, even more frequently than in standard English.

Existential 'there' is used to maintain an objective, impersonal tone in research papers.

The use of 'there' as a dummy subject dates back to Old English (þær), where it was already used to introduce sentences where the subject was delayed.

Iniciadores de conversa

Is there anything you would change about your city?

Are there any traditions in your country that outsiders might find strange?

Is there a book or movie that changed your life?

Temas para diário

Describe your dream house. What is there in every room?
Write about a major change in your life. What was there before that isn't there now?
Argue for or against the existence of aliens. Use 'there' to present your evidence.

Erros comuns

Incorrect

Correto


Incorrect

Correto


Incorrect

Correto


Incorrect

Correto

Test Yourself

Escolha a forma correta

___ a lot of cars on the road today.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There are
'A lot of cars' é uma frase substantiva no plural, então 'there are' é a forma correta para a concordância sujeito-verbo.
Encontre e corrija o erro Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

There is three main points in her argument.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There are three main points in her argument.
O sujeito 'three main points' está no plural, então o verbo deveria ser 'are', não 'is'.
Qual frase está correta? Múltipla escolha

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Is there any milk in the fridge?
'Milk' é um substantivo incontável, que exige uma forma verbal singular ('is'). Em perguntas, 'is there' vem primeiro.

Score: /3

Exercicios praticos

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'there is' or 'there are'.

_______ many reasons why I love this city.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There are
'Reasons' is plural, so we use 'there are'.
Choose the most natural sentence for a professional email. Múltipla escolha

How should you mention a possible error?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There seems to be a mistake in the file.
'There seems to be' is the most polite and professional way to introduce a problem.
Correct the error in the following sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

In the fridge it is some milk.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: In the fridge there is some milk.
We use 'there is' for existence, not 'it is'.
Rewrite the sentence starting with 'There'. Sentence Transformation

A storm is coming.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There is a storm coming.
This is the standard way to introduce an approaching event.
Match the question to the correct short answer. Match Pairs

1. Is there any coffee? 2. Are there any cookies?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Yes, there is / 2-Yes, there are
Short answers must mirror the verb and subject of the question.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Excuse me, _______ a bank near here? B: Yes, _______ one just around the corner.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is there / there is
The question uses 'is there' and the answer confirms existence with 'there is'.
Which sentence uses 'There' for existence (not location)? Grammar Sorting

Select the existential use.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There is a box on the floor.
In this sentence, 'there' is a dummy subject introducing the box.
Change 'There is a problem' to the present perfect. Conjugation Drill

Present Perfect form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There has been a problem.
'Problem' is singular, so we use 'has been'.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
Escolha a forma correta Preencher as lacunas

In my hometown, ___ a beautiful park near the river.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: there is
Escolha a forma correta Preencher as lacunas

Before the invention of phones, ___ no instant communication.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: there was
Encontre e corrija o erro Error Correction

There was many opportunities for growth in that company.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There were many opportunities for growth in that company.
Encontre e corrija o erro Error Correction

It is a problem with the Wi-Fi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There is a problem with the Wi-Fi.
Qual frase está correta? Múltipla escolha

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Is there any possibility to reschedule?
Qual frase está correta? Múltipla escolha

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There hasn't been much progress.
Traduza para o inglês Tradução

Translate into English: 'Habrá un examen la próxima semana.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["There will be an exam next week.","There's going to be an exam next week."]
Traduza para o inglês Tradução

Translate into English: 'No hay ninguna duda.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["There is no doubt.","There's no doubt."]
Organize as palavras em uma frase Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There are many problems in life.
Organize as palavras em uma frase Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There might be a solution.
Combine as situações com a forma correta de 'there' existencial Match Pairs

Match the situations with the correct existential 'there' form:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
Combine os inícios com os finais corretos Match Pairs

Match the beginnings with the correct endings:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

Score: /12

Perguntas frequentes (8)

In informal spoken English, yes. People often say `There's three people`. However, in formal writing or exams, you must use `There are` for plural nouns.

Use `There is` to introduce something new (`There is a cat`). Use `It is` to describe something we already know about (`It is a black cat`).

The verb usually agrees with the first item. `There is a pen and two books` is common. If the first item is plural, use are: `There are two books and a pen`.

Yes, in formal or literary English, you can use verbs like `exist`, `remain`, `seem`, or `appear`. Example: `There remains one final question.`

Grammatically, it acts as the subject (the 'dummy subject'), but the 'real' or 'logical' subject is the noun that follows the verb.

Put 'will' before 'there'. Example: `Will there be any food at the party?`

`There is no...` is slightly more emphatic and common in formal writing. Both are correct.

No. Use `There has been` for singular/uncountable and `There have been` for plural. Example: `There has been a change` vs `There have been changes`.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Hay

English requires subject-verb agreement (is/are), whereas 'Hay' is invariant.

French partial

Il y a

French uses the verb 'to have' (avoir), while English uses 'to be'.

German low

Es gibt

The German structure uses 'It' as the subject and 'gives' as the verb, which is very different from English.

Japanese low

あります (arimasu) / います (imasu)

English distinguishes by number (singular/plural), while Japanese distinguishes by 'aliveness'.

Arabic high

هناك (hunāka)

In Arabic, the verb 'to be' is often omitted in the present tense.

Chinese partial

有 (yǒu)

Chinese does not use a placeholder like 'there'; the verb 'have' starts the sentence.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Was this helpful?
Nenhum comentário ainda. Seja o primeiro a compartilhar suas ideias!