فعل 'بودن' (am, is, are)
am, is, are. یادشون بگیری، میتونی با اعتماد به نفس جمله بسازی و راجع به همهچی حرف بزنی!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The verb 'to be' is the 'glue' of English, connecting a person or thing to a description, name, or location.
- Use `am` only with `I` (e.g., I am happy).
- Use `is` for one person/thing (he, she, it) (e.g., She is a doctor).
- Use `are` for you and groups (you, we, they) (e.g., We are students).
مرور کلی
to be این کار رو انجام بدی.to be رو مثل چسبی تصور کن که هویت تو رو به کلماتت میچسبونه.I am tired پست میکنی یا داری وضعیت راننده اسنپ (Uber) رو چک میکنی، داری از این قاعده استفاده میکنی. این اولین قدم برای اینه که توی انگلیسی مثل یه آدم واقعی به نظر بیای.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
to be رو توی جملههای کوتاه حذف کنی. اما توی انگلیسی، ما هیچوقت اون رو حذف نمیکنیم. این فعل مثل علامت مساوی (=) توی یه معادله ریاضی عمل میکنه.I = happy. You = at home. فعل to be بسته به اینکه داری درباره کی حرف میزنی، شکلش عوض میشه.am و is و are. تو از am فقط برای خودت استفاده میکنی.is برای یک نفر دیگه یا یک شیء استفاده میکنی. از are برای گروهها یا شخصی که داری باهاش حرف میزنی استفاده میکنی. این مثل انتخاب لباس مناسب برای هوای مناسبه.I is همونقدر عجیب به نظر میاد که پوشیدن چکمه برفی توی کویر لوت. ما همچنین عاشق این هستیم که موقع حرف زدن این کلمهها رو کوتاه کنیم.I am میگیم I'm. این نسخه زبانیِ یه میانبر توی یه بازی ماشینسواریم.
الگوی ساخت
am با ضمیر I استفاده کن. (قانون «سلفی»).
I am a student. (مخفف: I'm)
is با he یا she یا it استفاده کن. (قانون «دوست مجرد»).
He is tall. (مخفف: He's)
She is hungry. (مخفف: She's)
It is cold. (مخفف: It's)
are با you و we و they استفاده کن. (قانون «اکیپ»).
You are funny. (مخفف: You're)
We are late. (مخفف: We're)
They are outside. (مخفف: They're)
I am a gamer. | من یک گیمر هستم. |
You are kind. | تو مهربان هستی. |
He is a doctor. | او یک پزشک است. |
She is busy. | او مشغول است. |
It is 10 PM. | ساعت ۱۰ شب است. |
We are ready. | ما آماده هستیم. |
They are fast. | آنها سریع هستند. |
کی استفاده کنیم
to be استفاده میکنیم.- هویت: گفتن اسم یا شغلت به بقیه.
I am Alex.She is a developer. - مکان: گفتن اینکه کجای گوگل مپ هستی.
We are at the cafe.He is in London. - ویژگیها: توصیف آدمها یا چیزها.
The coffee is hot.You are very smart. - احساسات: اشتراکگذاری حس و حالت الان تو.
I am excited!They are bored. - وضعیتها/سن: حقایق ساده درباره زندگی.
It is Monday.I am 21 years old.
I am adventurous. I am a dog lover. My dog is very cute. دیدی؟ تو همین الانشم یه متخصصی! فقط ازش برای توصیف اکسِت استفاده نکن مگر اینکه بخوای بگی He is annoying.
اشتباهات رایج
- تلهی «داشتن»: توی فارسی ما سنمون رو «داریم». توی انگلیسی، ما سنمون رو هستیم. ✗
I have 20 years.← ✓I am 20 years old. - فعل غایب: بعضی زبانها فعل رو توی توصیفات حذف میکنن. انگلیسی از این کار متنفره. ✗
She very pretty.← ✓She is very pretty. - اشتباه گرفتن
HeوShe: استفاده از شکل غلط برای ضمایر جنسیتی خیلی شایعه. یادت باشه:Heبرای پسرها،Sheبرای دخترها. اگه به برادرت بگیsheممکنه گیج بشه، اما حداقل گرامرت درسته. - قاطی کردن
isوare: مردم معمولاً میگنThey isچون یادشون میره که این یه گروهه.areرو مثل یه اتوبوس پارتی برای جمعها تصور کن. - املای مخففها:
You're(تو هستی) رو باYour(مال تو) اشتباه نگیر. این بزرگترین دلیل دعواهای توی اینترنته. اگه این رو درست بگی، توی بخش کامنتهای تیکتاک برنده میشی.
مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
to be رو با فعلهای حرکتی اشتباه میگیرن. تو نمیتونی همینطوری اونا رو بدون یه پسوند خاص به هم بچسبونی.- To Be در مقابل فعلهای حرکتی: تو میتونی بگی
I am happy(توصیف). میتونی بگیI run(حرکت). اما نمیتونی بگیI am run. اینطوری به نظر میاد که تو واقعاً خودِ عملِ «دویدن» هستی! که یه قدرت ماورایی خیلی عجیبی میشه. - To Be در مقابل To Have: همونطور که گفتیم، برای حسهایی مثل گرسنگی یا تشنگی از
to beاستفاده میکنیم. ✗I have hunger.← ✓I am hungry.برای چیزهایی که وضعیت وجودی تو رو توصیف میکنن ازto beاستفاده کن، نه چیزهایی که فیزیکی صاحبشون هستی. - فاکتور
It: ما برای آب و هوا و زمان ازIt isاستفاده میکنیم. توی فارسی ممکنه بگی «سرد است». توی انگلیسی میگی:It is cold.آب و هوا خودش یه شخصیت مستقله!
سؤالات رایج
am برای بقیه آدمها استفاده کنم؟am یه فعل خودخواهه. فقط با I میگرده.You are همیشه جمعه؟You are هم برای یک نفر و هم برای یک گروه استفاده میکنیم. خیلی پرکاربرده، مثل یه چاقوی سوئیسی.I'm استفاده میکنیم؟I am being a student؟I am a student یه حقیقت ثابته. I am being یعنی داری برای مدت کوتاهی ادای دانشجوها رو درمیاری.is استفاده کنیم؟he استفاده کن. اگه مادهست، از she. اگه نمیدونی، از it استفاده کن.to be نیاز دارم؟I have 25 باعث میشه انگلیسیزبانها فکر کنن ۲۵ تا سیب توی کیفت داری.Present Simple Conjugation of 'To Be'
| Subject | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
am
|
am not
|
Am I?
|
|
You
|
are
|
are not / aren't
|
Are you?
|
|
He
|
is
|
is not / isn't
|
Is he?
|
|
She
|
is
|
is not / isn't
|
Is she?
|
|
It
|
is
|
is not / isn't
|
Is it?
|
|
We
|
are
|
are not / aren't
|
Are we?
|
|
They
|
are
|
are not / aren't
|
Are they?
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Negative Contraction |
|---|---|---|
|
I am
|
I'm
|
I'm not
|
|
You are
|
You're
|
You aren't / You're not
|
|
He is
|
He's
|
He isn't / He's not
|
|
She is
|
She's
|
She isn't / She's not
|
|
It is
|
It's
|
It isn't / It's not
|
|
We are
|
We're
|
We aren't / We're not
|
|
They are
|
They're
|
They aren't / They're not
|
Meanings
The verb 'to be' describes the state, identity, or quality of a subject rather than an action.
Identity and Names
Used to state who or what someone or something is.
“I am Sarah.”
“This is a book.”
Location
Used to describe where someone or something is situated.
“He is at home.”
“The keys are on the table.”
Feelings and States
Used to describe emotions, physical conditions, or temporary states.
“I am hungry.”
“You are tired.”
Professions
Used to state a person's job or role.
“She is a teacher.”
“They are engineers.”
Age
Used to state how old someone or something is.
“I am twenty years old.”
“He is five.”
Reference Table
| ضمیر فاعلی | فعل 'to be' | فرم کوتاه | مثال |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
am
|
I'm
|
I'm a student.
|
|
You (singular)
|
are
|
You're
|
You're smart.
|
|
He
|
is
|
He's
|
He's my brother.
|
|
She
|
is
|
She's
|
She's happy.
|
|
It
|
is
|
It's
|
It's cold.
|
|
We
|
are
|
We're
|
We're friends.
|
|
You (plural)
|
are
|
You're
|
You're all here.
|
|
They
|
are
|
They're
|
They're busy.
|
طیف رسمیت
I am prepared to depart. (Leaving a location)
I am ready to go. (Leaving a location)
I'm ready! (Leaving a location)
I'm set. (Leaving a location)
جهان 'To Be'
هویت
- I am a student Identity
- She is my friend Relationship
توصیف کردن
- It is cold Weather/Condition
- They are happy Feeling/State
- He is tall Characteristic
مکان یابی
- We are at home Place
- The book is on the table Position
سن/زمان
- I am 20 years old Age
- It is 5 PM Time
فرمهای 'To Be': هر کسی چی میگیره؟
انتخاب 'Am'، 'Is' یا 'Are'
آیا فاعل 'I' است؟
آیا فاعل مفرد است (he, she, it، یا یک شخص/چیز)؟
آیا فاعل 'you', 'we', 'they' یا جمع است (بیشتر از یک شخص/چیز)؟
کاربردهای رایج 'To Be'
هویت
- • I am a student.
- • She is my boss.
توصیف
- • He is tall.
- • The car is red.
مکان
- • We are at home.
- • The keys are on the table.
احساسات/حالات
- • They are happy.
- • I am tired.
سن
- • He is 30 years old.
- • How old are you?
زمان/تاریخ
- • It is Monday.
- • It is 7 PM.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
I am happy.
I am happy.
She is a doctor.
She is a doctor.
They are at school.
They are at school.
Are you cold?
Are you cold?
It is a big dog.
It is a big dog.
We are not hungry.
We are not hungry.
He's not from Italy.
He's not from Italy.
The keys aren't in my bag.
The keys aren't in my bag.
Is your mother a teacher?
Is your mother a teacher?
We're very tired after the trip.
We're very tired after the trip.
The weather is usually quite mild here.
The weather is usually quite mild here.
You are being very helpful today.
You are being very helpful today.
Is it true that she is moving?
Is it true that she is moving?
They are both interested in art.
They are both interested in art.
The results are to be announced tomorrow.
The results are to be announced tomorrow.
It is essential that he be informed.
It is essential that he be informed.
The building is currently being renovated.
The building is currently being renovated.
Whether that is the case remains to be seen.
Whether that is the case remains to be seen.
It was her who was responsible for the error.
It was her who was responsible for the error.
The truth is, I am quite exhausted.
The truth is, I am quite exhausted.
Were it not for your help, I would fail.
Were it not for your help, I would fail.
Such is the nature of the business.
Such is the nature of the business.
To be, or not to be, that is the question.
To be, or not to be, that is the question.
The problem is not so much that he is poor, but that he is lazy.
The problem is not so much that he is poor, but that he is lazy.
There is no denying the impact of his work.
There is no denying the impact of his work.
The city is but a shadow of its former self.
The city is but a shadow of its former self.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Many languages use 'have' for age, hunger, and thirst.
Learners use 'It is' to mean 'exists'.
Learners try to contract 'Yes, I am' to 'Yes, I'm'.
اشتباهات رایج
I is happy.
I am happy.
She teacher.
She is a teacher.
I have 20 years old.
I am 20 years old.
They no are here.
They are not here.
Do you be tired?
Are you tired?
Yes, I'm.
Yes, I am.
Is the cats hungry?
Are the cats hungry?
I am being a student.
I am a student.
It's mean that...
It means that...
If I was you...
If I were you...
الگوهای جملهسازی
I am ___.
She is not ___.
Are they ___?
It is ___ today.
Real World Usage
I'm a photographer based in NYC.
Are you here yet?
I am very interested in this role.
Where is gate 5?
I am sick.
Is this dish spicy?
با ضمایر تمرین کن
I am a student.
'To Be' رو جا ننداز!
فرم کوتاه دوست توئه
پرسیدن 'حالت چطوره؟'
به لحن گوش کن
It is correct.Smart Tips
Always use 'I'm' followed by your name. It sounds much more natural than 'My name is...'.
Use the full form in positive short answers to avoid sounding unfinished.
Always start with 'It's'. English always needs a subject, even for weather.
Always use 'are', even if you are talking to just one person.
تلفظ
Contraction Reduction
In fast speech, 'I am' becomes 'I'm' /aɪm/. 'You are' becomes 'You're' /jʊər/.
The 's' sound in 'is'
The 's' in 'is' and 'He's' sounds like a /z/.
Linking 'are'
When 'are' is followed by a vowel, the 'r' is often pronounced clearly (e.g., 'They are at...').
Yes/No Question Rising
Are you happy? ↗
Asking for confirmation.
Statement Falling
I am happy. ↘
Giving information.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Remember 'A-I-R': Am for I, Is for Singular, Are for Rest.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a bridge with three lanes. The first lane is only for a single person named 'I' (Am). The second lane is for single cars (Is). The third lane is for buses with many people (Are).
Rhyme
I am, you are, he is too. We are, they are, how are you?
Story
Once there was a king named 'I' who only liked the word 'Am'. His three children, He, She, and It, shared a small toy called 'Is'. All the other people in the kingdom (You, We, They) had to share a big boat called 'Are'.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Look around the room and say 5 sentences using 'is' or 'are' to describe what you see (e.g., 'The lamp is on').
نکات فرهنگی
Americans use 'I'm good' to mean 'I am fine' or 'No thank you'.
In some dialects, 'I'm' is used even in places where Americans might use the full 'I am'.
The 'invariant be' is used for habitual actions, while the copula is sometimes omitted for present states.
The English verb 'to be' is a 'suppletive' verb, meaning it comes from three different Proto-Indo-European roots.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Where are you from?
What is your job?
How are you feeling today?
Who is your favorite celebrity?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
My sister ___ a doctor.
Find and fix the mistake:
You is very kind.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesShe ___ a very kind person.
Which one is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
I'm not have hungry.
you / from / Are / London / ?
I -> ?, He -> ?, We -> ?
___ (It is) very hot today.
We ___ ready.
Are you a student? Yes, I ___.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe weather today ___ sunny.
I ___ from Canada.
Choose the correct sentence:
She not is ready.
Translate into English: 'El libro está en la mesa.'
Arrange these words into a question:
Match the subjects with the correct form:
My friends is very busy this week.
Translate into English: 'Ella no está aquí ahora.'
How old ___ your brother?
Choose the correct sentence:
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Score: /12
سوالات متداول (8)
English is an old language, and the verb 'to be' comes from different roots. It's irregular, so you just have to memorize these specific pairs.
No, in formal writing, you should use the full forms like `I am` or `It is`. Contractions are for speaking and casual writing.
There is no difference in meaning. `Isn't` is just the shorter, more common way to say it in conversation.
In English, age is considered a state of being (who you are), not a possession (something you have).
Both! In English, `you` is used for one person and for a group of people. The verb is always `are` for both.
Only with the subject `I`. It is the most exclusive form of the verb.
Yes, but that's for more advanced tenses like the Present Continuous (e.g., 'I am running'). For now, focus on using it with nouns and adjectives.
Usually, yes. But it can also mean 'It has' in the present perfect (e.g., 'It's been a long day'). Context will tell you which one it is!
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Ser / Estar
English doesn't distinguish between permanent and temporary 'being'.
Être
French uses 'to have' for physical states like hunger.
Sein
German word order changes more than English in questions.
Desu / Arimasu / Imasu
Japanese verbs don't change based on 'I', 'You', or 'They'.
Zero Copula
Arabic omits the verb entirely in the present affirmative.
Shì (是)
Chinese doesn't use 'to be' with adjectives.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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