O Verbo 'To Be' (am, is, are)
am, is e are para construir frases básicas em inglês sobre qualquer coisa com confiança!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The verb 'to be' is the 'glue' of English, connecting a person or thing to a description, name, or location.
- Use `am` only with `I` (e.g., I am happy).
- Use `is` for one person/thing (he, she, it) (e.g., She is a doctor).
- Use `are` for you and groups (you, we, they) (e.g., We are students).
Overview
to be.to be como a cola que fixa a tua identidade às tuas palavras.I am tired ou a verificar o estado do teu motorista da Uber, estás a usar esta regra. É o primeiro passo para pareceres um humano real em inglês.How This Grammar Works
to be em frases curtas. Em inglês, nunca o omitimos. Ele funciona como um sinal de igual (=) numa equação matemática.I = happy. You = at home. O verbo to be muda de forma dependendo de quem estás a falar.am, is e are. Usas am apenas para ti mesmo.is para outra pessoa ou coisa. Usas are para grupos ou para a pessoa com quem estás a falar. É como escolher a roupa certa para o tempo certo.I is soa tão estranho como usar botas de neve no Saara. Também adoramos encurtar estas palavras quando falamos.I am, dizemos I'm. É a versão linguística de um atalho num jogo de corridas.
Formation Pattern
am com o pronome I. (A regra da Selfie).
I am a student. (Contração: I'm)
is com he, she ou it. (A regra do Amigo Solteiro).
He is tall. (Contração: He's)
She is hungry. (Contração: She's)
It is cold. (Contração: It's)
are com you, we e they. (A regra da Squad).
You are funny. (Contração: You're)
We are late. (Contração: We're)
They are outside. (Contração: They're)
I am a gamer. | Eu sou um gamer. |
You are kind. | Tu és gentil. |
He is a doctor. | Ele é médico. |
She is busy. | Ela está ocupada. |
It is 10 PM. | São 22h. |
We are ready. | Nós estamos prontos. |
They are fast. | Eles são rápidos. |
When To Use It
to be em cinco situações principais todos os dias.- Identidade: Dizer a alguém o teu nome ou profissão.
I am Alex.She is a developer. - Localização: Dizer onde estás no Google Maps.
We are at the cafe.He is in London. - Características: Descrever pessoas ou coisas.
The coffee is hot.You are very smart. - Sentimentos: Partilhar o teu vibe atual.
I am excited!They are bored. - Estados/Idades: Factos simples sobre a vida.
It is Monday.I am 21 years old.
I am adventurous. I am a dog lover. My dog is very cute. Estás a ver? Já és um especialista! Só não o uses para descrever o teu ex, a menos que queiras dizer He is annoying.
Common Mistakes
Ter: Em português, tu tens uma idade. Em inglês, tu és uma idade. ✗ I have 20 years.
I am 20 years old.
She very pretty.
She is very pretty.
- Confundir
HeeShe: Usar a forma errada para os pronomes de género é comum. Lembra-te:Hepara rapazes,Shepara raparigas. Se chamaressheao teu irmão, ele pode ficar confuso, mas pelo menos a tua gramática está correba. - Misturar
iseare: As pessoas dizem frequentementeThey isporque se esquecem de que é um grupo. Pensa noarecomo o autocarro da festa do plural. - Ortografia das contrações: Não confundas
You're(tu és) comYour(teu). Este é o início definitivo de discussões na internet. Se acertares nisso, ganhas a secção de comentários do TikTok.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
to be com verbos de ação. Não podes simplesmente juntá-los sem uma terminação especial.- To Be vs. Ações: Podes dizer
I am happy(descrição). Podes dizerI run(ação). Mas não podes dizerI am run. Isso soa como se fosses literalmente uma corrida física. O que seria um superpoder muito estranho. - To Be vs. To Have: Como mencionado, usamos
to bepara sentimentos como fome ou sede. ✗I have hunger.→ ✓I am hungry.Usato bepara coisas que descrevem o teu estado de ser, não coisas que possuis fisicamente. - O fator
It: UsamosIt ispara o tempo e a hora. Em português dizesEstá frio. Em inglês,It is cold.O tempo é a sua própria personagem!
Quick FAQ
P: Posso usar am para outras pessoas?
R: Não. am é um verbo egoísta. Só anda com I.
P: O You are é sempre plural?
R: Não! Usamos You are para uma pessoa E para um grupo. É muito versátil.
P: Por que usamos contrações como I'm?
R: Porque somos preguiçosos! É brincadeira. Faz com que a conversa flua mais rápido e soa mais natural em contextos informais como o WhatsApp.
P: Posso dizer I am being a student?
R: Normalmente, não. I am a student é um facto estável. I am being implica que estás a agir como um estudante por um curto período de tempo.
P: Está tudo bem usar is para um animal de estimação?
R: Sim! Se o animal for um macho, usa he. Se for uma fêmea, usa she. Se não souberes, usa it.
P: Preciso do to be para a minha idade?
R: Sim, sempre! Dizer I have 25 fará com que os falantes de inglês pensem que tens 25 maçãs na tua mochila.
Present Simple Conjugation of 'To Be'
| Subject | Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
am
|
am not
|
Am I?
|
|
You
|
are
|
are not / aren't
|
Are you?
|
|
He
|
is
|
is not / isn't
|
Is he?
|
|
She
|
is
|
is not / isn't
|
Is she?
|
|
It
|
is
|
is not / isn't
|
Is it?
|
|
We
|
are
|
are not / aren't
|
Are we?
|
|
They
|
are
|
are not / aren't
|
Are they?
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Negative Contraction |
|---|---|---|
|
I am
|
I'm
|
I'm not
|
|
You are
|
You're
|
You aren't / You're not
|
|
He is
|
He's
|
He isn't / He's not
|
|
She is
|
She's
|
She isn't / She's not
|
|
It is
|
It's
|
It isn't / It's not
|
|
We are
|
We're
|
We aren't / We're not
|
|
They are
|
They're
|
They aren't / They're not
|
Meanings
The verb 'to be' describes the state, identity, or quality of a subject rather than an action.
Identity and Names
Used to state who or what someone or something is.
“I am Sarah.”
“This is a book.”
Location
Used to describe where someone or something is situated.
“He is at home.”
“The keys are on the table.”
Feelings and States
Used to describe emotions, physical conditions, or temporary states.
“I am hungry.”
“You are tired.”
Professions
Used to state a person's job or role.
“She is a teacher.”
“They are engineers.”
Age
Used to state how old someone or something is.
“I am twenty years old.”
“He is five.”
Reference Table
| Pronome Sujeito | Verbo 'to be' | Contração | Exemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
am
|
I'm
|
I'm a student.
|
|
You (singular)
|
are
|
You're
|
You're smart.
|
|
He
|
is
|
He's
|
He's my brother.
|
|
She
|
is
|
She's
|
She's happy.
|
|
It
|
is
|
It's
|
It's cold.
|
|
We
|
are
|
We're
|
We're friends.
|
|
You (plural)
|
are
|
You're
|
You're all here.
|
|
They
|
are
|
They're
|
They're busy.
|
Espectro de formalidade
I am prepared to depart. (Leaving a location)
I am ready to go. (Leaving a location)
I'm ready! (Leaving a location)
I'm set. (Leaving a location)
O Universo do 'To Be'
Identificar
- I am a student Identity
- She is my friend Relationship
Descrever
- It is cold Clima/Condição
- They are happy Sentimento/Estado
- He is tall Característica
Localizar
- We are at home Lugar
- The book is on the table Posição
Idade/Tempo
- I am 20 years old Idade
- It is 5 PM Hora
Formas do 'To Be': Quem Usa o Quê?
Escolhendo 'Am', 'Is' ou 'Are'
O sujeito é 'I'?
O sujeito está no singular (he, she, it, ou uma pessoa/coisa)?
O sujeito é 'you', 'we', 'they', ou plural (mais de uma pessoa/coisa)?
Usos Comuns do 'To Be'
Identidade
- • I am a student.
- • She is my boss.
Descrição
- • He is tall.
- • The car is red.
Localização
- • We are at home.
- • The keys are on the table.
Sentimentos/Estados
- • They are happy.
- • I am tired.
Idade
- • He is 30 years old.
- • How old are you?
Hora/Data
- • It is Monday.
- • It is 7 PM.
Exemplos por nível
I am happy.
I am happy.
She is a doctor.
She is a doctor.
They are at school.
They are at school.
Are you cold?
Are you cold?
It is a big dog.
It is a big dog.
We are not hungry.
We are not hungry.
He's not from Italy.
He's not from Italy.
The keys aren't in my bag.
The keys aren't in my bag.
Is your mother a teacher?
Is your mother a teacher?
We're very tired after the trip.
We're very tired after the trip.
The weather is usually quite mild here.
The weather is usually quite mild here.
You are being very helpful today.
You are being very helpful today.
Is it true that she is moving?
Is it true that she is moving?
They are both interested in art.
They are both interested in art.
The results are to be announced tomorrow.
The results are to be announced tomorrow.
It is essential that he be informed.
It is essential that he be informed.
The building is currently being renovated.
The building is currently being renovated.
Whether that is the case remains to be seen.
Whether that is the case remains to be seen.
It was her who was responsible for the error.
It was her who was responsible for the error.
The truth is, I am quite exhausted.
The truth is, I am quite exhausted.
Were it not for your help, I would fail.
Were it not for your help, I would fail.
Such is the nature of the business.
Such is the nature of the business.
To be, or not to be, that is the question.
To be, or not to be, that is the question.
The problem is not so much that he is poor, but that he is lazy.
The problem is not so much that he is poor, but that he is lazy.
There is no denying the impact of his work.
There is no denying the impact of his work.
The city is but a shadow of its former self.
The city is but a shadow of its former self.
Fácil de confundir
Many languages use 'have' for age, hunger, and thirst.
Learners use 'It is' to mean 'exists'.
Learners try to contract 'Yes, I am' to 'Yes, I'm'.
Erros comuns
I is happy.
I am happy.
She teacher.
She is a teacher.
I have 20 years old.
I am 20 years old.
They no are here.
They are not here.
Do you be tired?
Are you tired?
Yes, I'm.
Yes, I am.
Is the cats hungry?
Are the cats hungry?
I am being a student.
I am a student.
It's mean that...
It means that...
If I was you...
If I were you...
Padrões de frases
I am ___.
She is not ___.
Are they ___?
It is ___ today.
Real World Usage
I'm a photographer based in NYC.
Are you here yet?
I am very interested in this role.
Where is gate 5?
I am sick.
Is this dish spicy?
Pratique com os Pronomes
I am hungry.Não Esqueça o 'To Be'!
Contrações são suas Amigas
Perguntando 'How are you?'
Ouça o Som
Smart Tips
Always use 'I'm' followed by your name. It sounds much more natural than 'My name is...'.
Use the full form in positive short answers to avoid sounding unfinished.
Always start with 'It's'. English always needs a subject, even for weather.
Always use 'are', even if you are talking to just one person.
Pronúncia
Contraction Reduction
In fast speech, 'I am' becomes 'I'm' /aɪm/. 'You are' becomes 'You're' /jʊər/.
The 's' sound in 'is'
The 's' in 'is' and 'He's' sounds like a /z/.
Linking 'are'
When 'are' is followed by a vowel, the 'r' is often pronounced clearly (e.g., 'They are at...').
Yes/No Question Rising
Are you happy? ↗
Asking for confirmation.
Statement Falling
I am happy. ↘
Giving information.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Remember 'A-I-R': Am for I, Is for Singular, Are for Rest.
Associação visual
Imagine a bridge with three lanes. The first lane is only for a single person named 'I' (Am). The second lane is for single cars (Is). The third lane is for buses with many people (Are).
Rhyme
I am, you are, he is too. We are, they are, how are you?
Story
Once there was a king named 'I' who only liked the word 'Am'. His three children, He, She, and It, shared a small toy called 'Is'. All the other people in the kingdom (You, We, They) had to share a big boat called 'Are'.
Word Web
Desafio
Look around the room and say 5 sentences using 'is' or 'are' to describe what you see (e.g., 'The lamp is on').
Notas culturais
Americans use 'I'm good' to mean 'I am fine' or 'No thank you'.
In some dialects, 'I'm' is used even in places where Americans might use the full 'I am'.
The 'invariant be' is used for habitual actions, while the copula is sometimes omitted for present states.
The English verb 'to be' is a 'suppletive' verb, meaning it comes from three different Proto-Indo-European roots.
Iniciadores de conversa
Where are you from?
What is your job?
How are you feeling today?
Who is your favorite celebrity?
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
My sister ___ a doctor.
Find and fix the mistake:
You is very kind.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesShe ___ a very kind person.
Which one is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
I'm not have hungry.
you / from / Are / London / ?
I -> ?, He -> ?, We -> ?
___ (It is) very hot today.
We ___ ready.
Are you a student? Yes, I ___.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesThe weather today ___ sunny.
I ___ from Canada.
Choose the correct sentence:
She not is ready.
Translate into English: 'El libro está en la mesa.'
Arrange these words into a question:
Match the subjects with the correct form:
My friends is very busy this week.
Translate into English: 'Ella no está aquí ahora.'
How old ___ your brother?
Choose the correct sentence:
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Score: /12
Perguntas frequentes (8)
English is an old language, and the verb 'to be' comes from different roots. It's irregular, so you just have to memorize these specific pairs.
No, in formal writing, you should use the full forms like `I am` or `It is`. Contractions are for speaking and casual writing.
There is no difference in meaning. `Isn't` is just the shorter, more common way to say it in conversation.
In English, age is considered a state of being (who you are), not a possession (something you have).
Both! In English, `you` is used for one person and for a group of people. The verb is always `are` for both.
Only with the subject `I`. It is the most exclusive form of the verb.
Yes, but that's for more advanced tenses like the Present Continuous (e.g., 'I am running'). For now, focus on using it with nouns and adjectives.
Usually, yes. But it can also mean 'It has' in the present perfect (e.g., 'It's been a long day'). Context will tell you which one it is!
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Ser / Estar
English doesn't distinguish between permanent and temporary 'being'.
Être
French uses 'to have' for physical states like hunger.
Sein
German word order changes more than English in questions.
Desu / Arimasu / Imasu
Japanese verbs don't change based on 'I', 'You', or 'They'.
Zero Copula
Arabic omits the verb entirely in the present affirmative.
Shì (是)
Chinese doesn't use 'to be' with adjectives.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Continue With
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